The Quebec magazine, or, Useful and entertaining repository of science, morals, history, politics, etc. particularly adapted for the use of British America /, 1 septembre 1793, septembre

The QUEBEC MAGAZINE for Sept.1793* MAGASIN de QUEBEC pour Septembre 1793.Contents.—Matures.r»o»t.part.1, Petition for» reform of Parliament, - 63 2.Evénement remarquables du teint prefent - - 73 ,3.TraiiWtion* in Pariton ihc toth of Auguft, 1792, 76 4.Dernier» piogre» det luentct academique* - • 79 5.Caufet of (he decay of human teeth - - - 82 6.Sur i'adminillration de M.Seeker; par lui-même 83 7.Mr.Pitt'a fpeechon Parliamentary rclorm - - 87 8.Sur la Decile Nclullcnnia .yr q.Invention» que le» am doivent au» Hclgct • - 93 to.Profpentv and Adverhty : a laic, - - - - 94 11.Movent de gatanlir let maronuicr* du dégât det chenille» .97 it.On (he colourof the native American* - - 100 tj.Revenu* &c.dc la Coinpanie dus Inde* - .103 t.t.S- 4- [>• Chinefe Ode Idole du Siècle Epigram Do.by Hacked Conte ttm», 104 • ib *°5 - ib.• ib.t CMKOMClI.Convention between Britain and Ruflia - - 106 Trial ot P.Egalité - • * • ' **0 Expedition again II Martinico .»ao raovtKCiAL atcitTt*.* Dome flic occurrence» '*4 Arrivait in the Port of Quebec, ¦ - - 1*4 Mort» et Naitlance* à Québec, - • * **5 State of Burometcr (3 Thermometer fbthind title page.J «¦Quitte; ratMT#o 10a jomm amio», 803, »*ou»ttai«-*T»«*Tiit an aticntivc coni’idcralion of lhe cirçumlunces rel.it-ine to the caufe, a final dcctlion of tlic butinefs before them could not uke „Uce in the cou.tc of ti e Scflion, and that not improbably the whole of the Tar lament (htvingat that tunc near two years lunger to lit) might be contained in a «thousand expenlive litigation and they recommended it to the petit inner* to withdraw their petition, which, after a frutilcfi pcrle-vita.u c of above three month», they wereattually obliged to lubtnit to.Your petitioner» will only upon this fubjett lutiher add, that the cx-nencc to each of the j mue», who lave been ctiherpluniiffoi defendant in petition» tried befotc >uur Honourable Houle in the prtfenly SefTton, la.u m.i an average, amounted to above one hundred pound» ptr day ; and tlCt th: aiioroic* bill* in one cute, the trial of which, in point of fo!m, only Ulcd two d»v„ and point of fait only lix hour., amounted to very near twelve bundled pound,., And tin.your petitioner» are ready to ,P* W petitioner»mud now l»eS leave to call the attention of your Hon-durable Houle to the greatest evil produced by thcle defetts iii tbc rcprelcn-tanon of which they complain , namely, the cxtcnio! la ivatc Parliamentary Pattotiaec, an abide which obviouUy tend, to exclude the great uiafi of the people (loin anv iubilauiial influence in the tleftion of the Houle of Common», and which, in u» pifgrel,.threaten, to ufurp the lovcrcignty of the country to the equal danger of the King, of the Lord., anu ot the Com- Tlic patroiugeof which your petitioner* complain 1» of two kind.: That which aide* from the ungual dill, .button of the elective franc hifc, and the pecului right* of voting by which cciiaan place, icturn mendier» to lerve ill Parlaiiicul* j and tlui which aiilci fiom the expcnce attending cotittil-edelediona, and the confcqucni degree of power acquntd by wealth.Bv th ptevu le cas de icgmdc, et le» tribunaux n'ayant pu, p»r coufcqucm, prononcer quelque »utre peine que celle de l'a IL.(final d'un pmicultcr, jointe 1 celle d’un perturbateur du rêpo* public, il a Amplement confirmé ce jugement.Mais comme ce dernier crime failoit encourir la con-ftkaiion de» biens, le duc regent a trouvé injultc que l’innocent pjtîl pour le coupable, cl il a lait rcudic ces biens à la veuve et aux entant du fuppli-cié.11 a fait de* retranchement confide rallie* dan» le faite et dans les amule-meus de la cour; et quoique Ion goût, autant que fe* talent, fe porte fur l'art de la gru»rc, il a vu une giande occation d’ajouter à là gloire déjà acqtiife dans cette carrière, et il l a lacuiié au bien-être du royaume et au rétablille-meut des nuances.Aulli le» valeurs des fonds public» montent de iour en jour, l’agriculture et le commerce reprennent de U vigueur, et la Suede jouit d'un calme heureux, au milieu de» agnation qui tourmentent le relie de l’Lu-mpc.I Aatunt T6 Account of the TranfaRiont in Pams, on themmoraUe loth A Auguft 179a.f From Twitt'i Trip to Virit.] ON Thurfday the 9th of Auguft, the legiflative body completed the ge-neral dilconteni of the people, (which had been railed the preceding tiny by the dtfeharge of every accusation againlt la Fayette,), by appearing to protraft the queftion relative tu the King's decheance (loi tenure, at a t.mc when there was not a moment to lofe, aud by not holding any aflcmbly in the evening.The fermentation increafed every minute, in a very alarming manner.T1 e mayor himlelf had declared to the representatives of the nation, that lie could not anfwer for the tranquillity of tnc city after midnight, i.vcry bs.uy knew that the people intended at that hour to ring the alarm-bell ;,and to ;o to the Chateau of the Tuiiertet, as it was lulpeCted tha the Royal Family intended toefrape to Rouen, and it is laid many trunks were tound packed up and ready lor taking away, and that many carriages were lecn that alter* noon in the yard of the Tuileries.At eight in the evening, the General (a fort of brat of drum] was heard m all the Sections, the toe fin was likewife rung (an alarm, by pulling (he bells of the churches, to as to caufe the clappers to give redoubled ftrokes m very quick time St me iiells were (truck with Urge hammers.) All the (hops were (hut, and alfo moft of the great gates of the hotels ; lights were placeu m alinoft every window, and few oi the inhabitants retired to their repofe : the night parted however, without an* other diliur* bancc; many of the me nber> of the national aftcmbly were truing loon after midnight, and the others were expected.Mr, Ptnou, the mayor, had been lent for by the king, and was then in the Chateau ; the number of members necell'ary to form a luting being completed, the tribune 1 (galleries) demanded and obtained «decree to oblige the Chateau to rclcatc its prey, the mayor; he loon after appeared at ihc bar, and from thence went to the commune (mention houle.) It was now about tix o'clock on Friday morning.(|oth^ the people of the Jauxbcmrgs, (Suburbs) efpectally of St.falvti/iiid ai which are parted by the river, allcmbled together on the Place de la BuJtiUe, and the crowd was So great that twenty-five perSons were fquecscd 10 death.* At Seven the itrccts were tilled with .rmed citueni, that is toby, with federate!, (leled perfuns lent from the provinces 10 a ITi ft at the federation, or confederacy, held tall July 14,) from Marjntlei, from Bretagne, with na* tional guards, and i'ari&an fsnt-culoltei (tottheul hreeehet, the le people have breeches but this is the name which has been given to the mob.) 1 he arms conlifted of guns, with or without bayonets, piftols, fibres, (words, pikes, knives, Scythes, Saws, iron crows, wooden billets,' in fhort, every thing that could be ufed effenfively.A party of thefe met a fille patrol of twenty-two men, who, of courfe, did not know the watch-word.Thefe were intlaneoufly put to death, their heads cut oft and carried about the ftreetson pikes {in promena leur, tetei fur del piquet.) This happened in Is Place Pemlome ; their bodies were Kill lying tficre the next day.Another falfe patrol, confifting of between two and three hundred men, with cannon, wandered all night in the neigh* bow* • •'Acc«4ia{ t« the JaunulUc ItfccMia l«{id»Caf , fraaca a< la auit 11 AsiiJ* T1"’ Account of Tranfadioni i« Paru.fj bourh^oil of the theatre français : it is laid they were to join a detachment from tlic battalipn uf Henry IV.on the Pont-ncuJ, to cut the throats of Pc-lh>n and the Marfcillon, who were encamped on the Pont Ht.Mitehd, (the next budge to the Pant-ncuf) which cauled the then afcling parilh al-fcinbliesto order an honorary guard of 400 citizens, who were to bcanfwer-able for the liberty and the life of that magillmc, then in the council» chamber.Mandat, commander-general of the national guard, haduiFiont-eil Si Pelion, when lie came from the Chateau of the Tuileries to go to the national alfembly, he was arrcltcd and lent to pnlun immediately.The infurrcftion now became general ; the PL,e du c arrfajtl (lqoare of •he Caroufals, a fquare in the 7uiUnts, lo called from the magnificent fcf-ti'val which Lewis XIV.in 1661, there gave to the eucen and the queen-moihcr) was already Wleft ; the king had not been in bed ; all the night had prurubly been fpeut in combining a plan of defence, if attacked, or rather ôf retreat; loon after leven, the king, the quern, their two children, (the dajphin, leven years old, and his niter fourteen,) Prmcels Elizabeth, (the queen's filter, adnut fifty yens old,) and the Princcfs dc Lamballt, eroded Inc garden of I utleriei.which was llill (hut, clcorted by the national gjaid, and by all the bwtls, and took refuge in the national atfembly, when the hwifs returned to their pods in the Chateau.The alarm bela, which were inceflantly ringing, theaccounts of the carrying heads .iron pikes, and of the nurch of aimed all Paris inarms; the pre-fence of the king, throwing himtclf, as it were, on the mercy of the lcgilla-live body; the fierce aud determinate looks of the tullariei ; all thefe things together had fuel» an died ou the national atlemoly, that it immedi* * auTy decreed the fufpcnlion of Lewis XVI.which decree was received Wiifi umvcilal apptaule and clapping.At this moment a wounded man rulhed into the alTembly, crying, “ We are betrayed, to arms, the Swif» are hung 011 the citizens; they have al-reaJy killed a hundred Marlcillois." Plus was about nine o'clock.The democrats, that is to fay, the armed citizens, as before-mentioned, had dragged lèverai pieces erf cannon, lis; and four pnundci*, into the CarouUl fquare, and werealtcmbfcd there, on (he quan, the budge», and neighboring IftecU, in immenic numbers all n.ncJ ; they knew tlie king was gout to the national aiiciübly.and came to tniiftaii hn decheamet (fotfetture) or relignaiionof the throne.AH the bwtfs, (fix or (even hundicul tame out to them, arid permitted them to enter into the court-yard of tne Tuile-tes, to the number of ten thouland, ihe niTvct (landing in the middle ; and when they were peaceably fmoaking tkeir pita, and drinking their wine.The Swtji turned bah to back and frai a v.Iley »n them, bywh 1 eh about two bundled wcie killed ;• the women andtmltircn ran immediately into 1 Isc river, up to their necks, many lamping from the parapets and from the bridges, many were drowned, and many wcie (hot in the water, aud on the balulhadcs of the Pont Royal, fiomthc windows of the galley of Louvre.The * “ T.t 11.jo itia u’k, its of « I ib In ch nto p.fxr,, sod o> f.susl i|i.siu blfii.It w it mm 4 wHik 1 • k*n» ih< «s>â troih, lor ibe tMn *• k* ».411 din>.—Tn*l< Swils ‘.44 Imit-J ibai they wjuU hj.c ban Sacked by thr national who on lia ontruy, took th par j( lb» pupa, and bird on lha S«m, (who rax isia ika tbateau as tsea at dun had difthaigca itmc bf «bkh (trust rtn lulkd," 7® Account of TraafaCliont in Paris.The populace now became, ai ii were, mad ; they Icized on five cannon they found in the court-yard, and turned them againfl the Chateau ; they planted I'omc more cannon on the Pont Royal and in the garden, twenty, two pieces in all, and attacked the Chateau on three tides at once.1 he Swift continued then Hre, and it is laid thev bred Icven times to the p/./, u Londres, et par ceux ac litrtkoud et de J Ann l.t Ru, à l'urts.t'ar cesdiver» moyens on jxrut alfurer qu’il elk de-vau a-pcu-prcaulh iacdc de trouver lu longitude en incr, qu’tl l’a etc de tout ten, d’y trouver la latitude.C’étoit le grand point dcûic dans l'art de !r navigation, pares que ce»deux choie, cnfçaiblc déterminent l'endroit précis où tes vunfcuux le trouvent eu mer.Ccu’eifpa,, cepe., iant, le te ut point dan» lequel cet art importants ilieint de tre-pre.toute li pci fett on polltblc, La méthode de rendre l'eau de lu mer potable dans la JCit elfe d’eau douce, par le moyen d’un diildlatiou très-facile, inventée par le docteur /ruine, écoltois, et celle de conlcrvcr U iuuté des gens de mer, pratiquée parte célèbre Look du us les divers voyage» uuio.tr du monde, pendant Ici ju:W il n’a jus perdu un leu! homme parle Lot b,t, lleuu terrible julqn'atoi s, de cette proiciliotr, ne lai lient à délirer que deles voir univcrtcll: ncut pratiq ices par tou» les marins, en aiundor,-ruiit une vieille et ituavaile routine.’• Il c'.t du plus de gloire cncotc à ce même Cook, pour avor démontré la ' 1 La non (•) b ci cUl Utrf.it/ l'risit p,i star, pwfcdc lit iJcci (s, it.f/h, fi if J» ntl for fin/ii jinn, c,ao,t MpataiWt Lut i* eau, -4 « iaut il * «Siust S»-ill.it ,«re que toutes le» côtes ries grands continen» de la t'-ne, tout déjà connus à peu-f us autant qu’il >as tlilmué fi long-temt lot la vérification des pouvoirs, s'ils n’avoient pas apporte de l'obllmanon à re.fufer les ptemieres vues de conciliation propose» par 1rs minillrcs du rot, et n'euirent pas mis un obltacle formel aux idées modérées qui, aidées de l'af-tendant du monarque, auraient pu rappiothcr, en teins opportun, Ici Ui-verfes prétentions oppofées.’* Qu'il cil ailé de le faite l'uléc tie la marche qu’ils auroient pu fui’vre, de la conduite qu’ils auraient pu tenir, de celle quilles au rod envitonnés ptomptement de l*upinion publique, de celle qui lesauroit lait paroïtre dans l'aflcmblée nationale avec rafeendant que don, nuit alors la fortune, le rang et le crédit ! Mais ils ne s'y font montrés qu'a-près avoir pris une couleur trop marquante, et après avoir élevé un étcndaid fous lequel les députés du tiers-état, les pjtrs liifpofcs d’abord à fc rapprocher d'eux, n'ont plus ofé fc ranger.Au relie, c'cil la faute qui a été corn-mife en plus d’un tems dois le, grandes divifions politiques; ceux qui, opiniâtres dans leurs principes héréditaires, lu a tr.citer b.n j la même place, djs Speech ef the Right lien.Mr.Pitt, on reform.87 t,in4>s que les i,utrPS alloicnt en avant, ont fouvent peidu le moment de tem-pci ci les nouvelles idée» pur leur mélange avec Ici aiicicnnci; et quint le* exagérations tout venues ', quand ces exagérations ont pris de la force, et qu'un a voulu computer avec elles, ou chercher à le» modérer, l'entrcprife t‘l devenue difficile ; et l’on a^vu, mais trop tard, qu’il doit imprudent de laitier voyager Iculy pendant h long-tcms, des novateurs fécondés par l’cpi- tuon et par la fu^Kiic., *• C’cll maintenant des intérêts de l’autorité toy.de que les deux ordrci tirent leurs argu nett» pour attaquer la repicleutalion du tiers aux états gér.c-raa.':; mais dans le teins, eux mêmes ne confidéroieiit celle quclkion que fous le rapport de leurs picrogaltvcs : or, il cncioit Jant les vues luges et bienfailaiiicsdu moiiaruue, que tous les piivilege» relatifs aux contributions pecu.lianes ne lubiiltailentudus, et Icsordies qui en jouiflbient ne tardèrent pu à partagercc Icntimrut d'équité générale, - On n’avoit aucun• motif de prljtncr qucle tiers-état voulût étenJie les innovations au delà du cercle d iui le roi avoir trace.la circonlcription dans le réfuliat du cuulcil du 27 décembre 178B, puilque tout ce qui pouvoit ailurei la libelle politique s’y tro.cvoit compn, ce loqt des circunltances extraordtnaites quiont conduit au-delà, cl Ion cil couhrmé dat.s cette opinion quand on lit le plus gland nombre de»*.uitruUiuni donnée» aux il : putes de tes ordre, tt rhcorc plus, lu- : qu’un I : rappelle le langage du t;ers-etut à I’cpoqyc où la rcpréfcntatiou au< e at» généraux fut déici mince : ce langage peut le voit encore dans toute» Ici lettre» b m.it.içi.'alitc» ; ou y trouer ra le» CKpieliontdu fentiment le plus t u\enable ci pout l'autorité royale, ci pour la monarchie, et pour la per- kumedu ni mec., , ,, , r (.1 Continuer.J Speeçh of the Right lion.Mr.Pit T, in the lloufe *f Comment.M.ty 7, 1793» on the Subject of Parliamentary Reform.T1IK Chancellor of the Kxchequcr laid, I (loll beg leave to remind the Houle of the gruun is upon which I oppoled the notice of a Parliamentary reform, when brought forward lait Idlion, The opinion which 1 then cnicrfained is confirmed by.what has (imc occurred—and bis even received Hiength fto.n the petition now on the table, and the tnuiion before the houle, 1 then confide red the agitation of thequeflion a* caiiblepf producing much nulchicf, and likely to he attended with no good.Such was theehrld the fchmir w huh wc lad inn* cipated as the reluit of the new conllrtuuon in "F rapte opening upon us.We had more immediately an opportunity of Icepn^wjiai woe lire views of the legilLtois in France w ith icfpttito this country, and wliat then in-flrumcnts in Tngjand were cndeavouiing to effett.For white in Fiance they always mentioned the pictcxi of a parliamentaty reform, as the me.dium by which they were tu introduce their principles ; then inflrumtr.is here always took care to connett the iyflcm of pariuir.cntsry rcfcrm with •II thole deluf.vr dottimcs, upon which was founded the newly railed la-bric of French freedom.Nothing lets than a National (.onvenimn was held out as a U fheient remedy for the abides which prevailed in the repre-fentation, ami the lole oigan thiough which a mote perfect foim ol government was to Ik (•blamed—l amely, luch a government as fhonld acknowledge no other fo rce of authority, and no other rule of conduct than the will ol the majority.The admirera and fupportcra ol french policy in tFua eountiy felt a de- Sfxtch ofthe Right Hon.Mr.Pitt, on rr/orm.1$ preflian of fpirits from the defeat of their friends and allies, which for a time gave a fatal blow to their hopes, and compelled them to conceal their view», and to allume a veil of caution but ill failed to the ardour of their temper, aid* the boldnefs of their enterprise.But though they had thus been forced for a while to relinquifh thiirfehemes, it was not to be prefum-ed from this that theyhad by any means abandoned them.No—they Hill indulged the fame hopes, they dill meditated the lame plans, and only lav bv to watch for an oppottunity favuiablc to the accomplilhment of their dcf»sn5.tor that purpofe they hail looked peculiarly to the queftion of parliamentary re lot in.Previous to the bringing forward the prdent motion, a great number of petitions had been prefented to the houie, equally lingu-br in tlicir form, expreffion, and tbe manner in which they had thus been Lbmi’ted to notice.1 bey had been introduced under the aulpicics of tins .(ntl inan w ho lupportcd the motion.They were all of three deferiptions."xsopt that one upon which the motion was more particularly founded,and a pent ion hoin Nottingham conceived tnexaeUy the fame terms with one that bid been received from that pltce in 1781.When it had hr ft been received, it came after a long war, which had harraifed and exhaufted the country, and the calamities of which it ftated as a proper ground Iota reform of parliament : unfortunately it ftill employed the fame language, and gave the lame deferiplion of the country, after a long and profperou* peace.They all, it mull be confelfed, betrayed a lliong family luencfs.Aimed the only difference waa, that thofc from Scotland exp re (fed their lur-prife it the immenlc load of debt, notwithfcmding the extent of the tax-ci, which they ftated at so millions, four millions above the truth.Alt of them were the fame in prayer ;—they concurred in inaving lor the um-veilal right of fulirage, as the bafts of that reform which they dchred.What arc the grounds upon which they now bring forward this quellion of lefurin ?—ill they Itatc, that from the getieul burtl of loyalty, exprel-fcdby tbc nation upon the firfl alarm, there is no realon to fear that the people wdl pals beyond the bounds of diicrction, and that no fealon can tic more fauotablc for a temperate leforiA than that in which they have fo ftrongly teiUlied their attachment to the eftablifbcd order of things, and their leluChncc to any change.' Sml, are their lemimcnts, and of this temper they recommend to us to take the ad vantage.But how iLnds the calc?The fad, I grant,» indeed true.But.it is alio ti i.c, that locietics 111 this country have been anxioully leekingnot 10 obtain reform, but tobndcaufc oldillutislaCbon.not to allay the violence of innovation, but to mtlame difeontent.It is then out ot ilefcrcnce to t.iat lmall party, actuated by Inch principles, and putfuing Inch aline of conduCl, that we aie to grant a icforui, and not out of icfpctl to the great body of ti e people uf England, animated by a fpirit of the purcfl loyalty, and too murh attached to ti”e true b'cQingsof the conilitution, towilh to hazard them by a change.___What then is the quetlion at ilTuc?It is the l une quellion which is now at ilfu* with the whole of Europe who are now contending for the caufa of order, of juflice, of humanity, of religion; in oppofuion to anarchy, to m,ull.ee, to cruelty, to infidelity.I am lenhblc that ninety-nine Oat of a hundred of the people of England, arc warm in thofc lentimenti, ire lenfible of the fccutitv which they enjov, for thefe blctlings from the .Mi frame pRPKH oo Speech cj the Right Hen.Mr.Pitt, on reform.frameof our excellent con flu ut ion, anil fo far fromwifhrng to touch it with an*innovating hand, ate prepared to defend it iigjinfl every attack.Ale wc to yield then to the clamours of BifafF tlion and dilconient, and arc u, to dil'regttrd the voice of fatisfaüion and gratitude f Are we to giattfv the 4J.price, or foothe the inlulencc of a low diUHeftcd, to ncglefl the Leu» tit i f the common body?Are we,at a moment of emergency like this, wkr 1.1! e threat caule is at flake, to lulpcnd oui rate» fin the public wcllatc,s.t.tendtothe difeuftionof pelt) daimsand rcdrtltol imaginai s giicv.iu .ie we Jt tucha moment, in Older to pleale a few ind’Vldn.!» to hay aid, te'e conic lticnee uf producing alarm a d difliull in the gene id Iwuy.tditi i d united in theii common caufe?—This u ndi.it indeed woulu rcirir-blc ii .t i f thole who at the moment that their citadel was betiegeu i: mdd pn urti t.> the difcufTion of points ofdiiicra.cc uthei than attend to provii'.i.g ti.meanr of defence.Tire motion is, to refer to a committee one of thofe j ctitione fi r a tcv.form which liave l>een preffnted.to the houle.W i.nj ct tl.e !.t.m r.lie gentleman who made the motion meant hkcwile to refer them all, i- anctet of which i am not all cruiuccl.(Mr.they lirre maided atlct.t.It i means to tefet them Ml 1.nr* iralnnii g on the lubjeét 1» : c.i'.cal tu a Wm \ (hurt com; afs —Ought wcln tefet to a commutée tu delibo.uc .«•!! the fuie id uiiiuiiited lufli.ge ?liic cnciiinflaiicc of havu g moved to refer ilWtty prawn of the j elit «•mis, without hav u.a pirn n d cut *i \ !.ci! e pi.i> liyytiU \ obtaining their object, clearly lameu it nr., ic.p c i to gr i ;.i .u.y iiiuiilnh4 ' reoi.11.1 y to ext c iidt > n:u J ' 11tough 1 form dv moved Iktfi'.1' on the lubjed.This circuit!fiance has a without affording the mcansuf allaying it.a general enquiry,.I was afterwards convinced, that it would with no good ettett, and abandoned the motion.1 became i i.me be alter ce l.!c tliil thrifA; was no dunce of obtaining any advantage, but by Liiftgmg turw.nl.tpeidilV,1 propciiilton.It 1 thought in then, how much more n fi 1 i cl .i lui.tirmujj; ed i*i the fame o; iiuon ?It any ohjctl i> p.upolrd fin ii.iii.ll.ii, u ought to,"! lie a fpeufic ohjctl.’I he contrary mode can rend only to perplex the dd* ejflion, and io render it pic-dnftrve of rmlcfncf.1 Dull now (forth of-(erve on the manner of introducingtlm buftneli.'lire honourable gentle, man flatcd fairly and candidly, (liar he brought lor ward the pit lei.t ip.!licn j not on the ground of r girt, hut uj expeditin' ! rink n.w*.Jo uh; of an abitratted light of eip.al reprclent.tr.uu is.th.nl.It is to arrugJlc that ugbt loone form of government, wntiea» rrovidcric has acci mmodated the different forms of government to the different dates of lociety m which tiicy fulfill.Tlrcte art as many difleient rightsas the cafe» which ouur to diverlify the mod of government, lhcre is one right fora Kun.n, .Hither foi an Athcman, and a diird fura 1-acrdimotnan , but though the hum enable gentleiiun had declaimed the ground of geneul «nu sbfli.tlcd right, he has io far enlarged Ins ground of expedience as to embrace tlut mode uf reaioning, by which that wild theory is fuu ported.He has declared him.lelf ready to take even univerlal fulfiagc, that mode wh.ch he approves the lead, rather tlran to loffcr the conlkitution to remain as u is.1 to far differ with him, tirai 1 would rather abandon what 1 conceive tu be the bell plan of rcioun, than rilk the cunleijuences of any luzard to the conltiiution, as it at prefeht fublifls.( The merit of the fltiulh conftitution u to be eflimated, rot bv metaphv.heal Spot b of the Right Hen.Mr.Pitt, on reform.ff fical ideas, not by vague theories, but by analyfing it in praflice.Its W-nditsare confirmed by the lure and infallible tell of experience.It is or» this ground, that the rcprelcntation of the people, which mull always bo deemed a nioft valuable part of the conlbtution, relis on its prelent footing.In the hifloiv of this country, from thecai Itcll pet iod down tothat in which ] now Ipcak, the number of eleSor» have always been few, itt projtortior» to that of the great body of the people.My plan went to regulate the dif* it ! ation of the right of electing members, to add I’oirte, and to transfer o-ihei, • when luch was mv plan, am 1 to be told, that 1 have been an advo-t iic for p nliainerjtary reform, as if I had cfpooted the t.ijne title of the tjuef-tuui which is now taken uphy thefc honourable gentlemen, and were now (cii hiigthi! caale which 1 had formerly fupported?I alhrtn, that my plan j, ici.tu*. more conltary ro that of the honorable gentleman, than his is to t!„- to :t.>n : «ay, 1 go farther; 1 agree with the honorable gentlemary (Mr.V, vutun.in' that to adopt the tylkcm now propofed, is to adopt the ruicinirs of tire french code, and follow the example of their legitla-t is*.so thelc principles aie unknown m the helloty of this country, it i} to fiant" only that wc can look fir their origin, The lame principle which liai.:.individual lull rage, ami athrins t ht every nun hat an ritual right to a lit re in tne rrpreirmation, is tlwt which lerveaas the bafrs of thdt dccLr-au nr of rights on which the french Icgiilatort have founded their govern* , aient.^ We ought to recollcO that there arc 250 perlons who potl'cfs an cqu.il voice 111 t 1 • Ic.illatuns with that of lins houle ; that iherc is a King, who to ~ the thud of tire Icgulaiivc, a.ids tite whole of the executive power; and if t.i.s principle ol lodtuJual lutliagc Ire granted, and be carried to its utmoil ment.it goctlo fubvertthe peerage, and to depute the king, and it» line to \; exlingutlh everv hereditary diltinCtiun, audevrry ptivilcgcdorder, and to 1 lablilh that iy Item of cqualihnganarchy auouuced iu the code of l tench lc-gnUllOO, and attelUd in the hlnod of the mallacrcs at l’aris.—The qucllion ¦ then l*.whctiicr you will abide by your couftttuuou, cr hazard a change, with all tint dreadful train ol eunlcqucnccs with which wc have Iccn it ai-tcini.d 111 a ne ighbouring kingdom i—Abide bv your conflitutton, did l liyl— lr cannot Ue necciUry for me to add a wu.rd more—lint 1 would not Hop there if it w ere potable to go further.If it were nuiliblc for au En* giithuun to forget ins attachment to the conilitutiott, and hit loyalty to the kivcteign—if u were |Kilhblc foi him to lofe all‘thole gcneiout feelings, Mi ch bind turn til hit country, and lecure his obedience to its laws—if it were pothole lor him to lac nine all ihctc to thole principles which ato biought forward tolapjiurt a clunge of government ; yet, if he fliould at* lend only to rcaton, he would hud them wild and illuiive theories, lie would hud the principle of individual will powerful and clhcirnt, to the dcllrudion of cvciy individual, and of every cutumunity ; but to cvciy good purpote null and void.Hu would find tirai thole rights which entitle all loan equal fhare in the (ovcrnin.-nt, are rights which only lei veto remove them from uleful labor, iront lober indullrv, and' from domeilit connections, and winch abandon them to be the tlaves of every idle caprice, and of every deltru&ive palhon.The government nut adopts iuch principles ccalct to be a government—it •nue» the bauds which knit together lociciy ; it forfciti the reverence and 9* Mémoire fur U die Je SekalUnnia.obedience of its fubjefts ; it gives up ihofc whom irought to protefl to th« daggers of the Marfcillefc, and the .lldlins of Pari:, yl'nder r-ncc of centering all authority in the w:ll of the many.irfttbliflx.the' woifllort ordefpotifm.Such is the (late of that wretched r >.till y, fiance, ihcric-tcdable policy of which has added new words to the Tiitiion.• v.luch as th« phrafes of municipalities declaring themlelves ui a ltatc of p* i-r.*.;;ent revolution, and the natiun itlelf in a (late of lovcrcign inlurrcttm , ' in what n called the government of the multitude, they ate not ihq many w ho govern the manly.It is a foecics of tyranny which adds intuit to the w i etched nets of its fubjetlr, by filling its own arbitrary decrees the voice ol ibe |>cople, and Cintuomng its alls of opprefTion and cruelty under the pretence ot tic national will.Such is the nature of thofe prim ylcscoiiiictlcd with the r glt of individual luffrage, and how far you are ptcaicd to give countenance to that meafure, by icferriog it to a committee as a luhjcct of deliberation, you ate now called to determine.Mémoire fur la déeJe N'challcnma, p .r M.lt Mati/un ul Oh.\si>L(s Mémoire fur la ditJe N'ehallennia, p .r M.lt Maryan m CiMimti, Dtrtileur Je l’.Academie Impériale tt Royale de Bruxeliti.Mu Marquis du C’A ifteter ayant été charge par feu M.vau de l'erre, • mini lire de LL.1111.PP.A ' Bruxelles, d’ofl'nr à l’At.demie un bas-relief antique, repréfentant la decile.Xehallennia, il en prend l’occaltoi: d’entretenir l’Académie de cette divinité peu connue.Lesmonumcns qui nous relient de fon culte, ont été découverts en s697,' fur la côte dcl'iileue Walchcren, vis à-vis de Dombourg.“ Le temple qui les renfermoit, avoit vrai-lcmblablrment été fubmerge fous l’empire du tyran Tetricus, et conléquemment entre les années :68 tt 373 de notre ère.Je crois pouvoir le conclure, de ce qu'on y trouva des médailles de ce prince ; mais aucune de poflérieurc, tandis qu'on en dé; couvrit de Viétonnus et de Poflhumus, l'un mort t:i at>7, l’autre en it>8.“ Ces inondations étoient ft fréquents en Zélande, que U mer et U terre fe la difputoicnt alternativement (1); ce que vérifient des événement réitérés, puilquc la plage lattice à découvert en 1037, lé ttouve de nouveau .foui les eaux (en 1786.j” “ l’rediui dans Ion ouvrage, connu fous le titre de Flandna l'ttui, ob-fcrvcavec raifoo que le nom île cette déelfe étoit gaulois, et qu’il ne fut connu ni des auteurs Crées, ni des auteurs Romains; j'ignore U l'cmbouchuic du Rhin déligncc dès le teins de l'hue.par le nom d'Ilthum, lui devoir Ion nom, ou fi elle l’en avoit reçu; mais je ne croirai jamais que l’origine de ce nom foit grecque, et qu'il lignifie U nouvelle lune, neaJclcne.Je lui afTignerois plutôt une origine celtique.Seal ou neat h, iignihe en cette langue /ntic?, Adut, élevé’, et lei eaux eu général, depu 11 et Ut renfermée dam l'écaille d'une Auilre, jufau'd teUe tfui Jo’mel'Océan, s’expriment par le mot lenn, Seallenn Iignihe donc littéralement diefjt de la mer ou des eaux; celte dénomination convient parfaitement i la tiéelfe Sekellennia, dont le nom aura été formé de Seal-Un n avec la terminatilun latine ta.“ L» (1) Oa peuiroii ntiôwi i It Zélande ers «eu ti Laui < f^saftr jatte Valut JnHum, yaeJ tarefr,tamj*e rmaiCJI altérait wuiStl, y,ta fitajllar itfrai (J.te am, vel} aam ttfafu tltpuhiat aa/itt.Pmasiacs, p.il, >.si, »i.Btakva, 17(7. Mémoire fur la ditffe NegalUnnia.En effet, l’ex-votoque je préfente à l'académie paroit confacré i une déeffe imritim’c, puifqu’il fut offert en accompliirement d'un voeu fait pour obtenir de meilleur s rivages, ti meliorts atlas; comme on l'apprend do l'inlcription que voici : DEAE.N EH ALI.EN 1AE.1’.CALVIS1VS.SECVNDINVS.OB.MKLIORES ACT.V.S.qu'on doit lire à ce qu'il me proît ; De et Nthalltnnix F.Calot hu s SecundiHut Ob mftiorn atlas vota >n foloit.Doit-on ce monument à un marin qui foupinut apiès les rivages qui l’a-voient vmiaitre, ou a un habitant de la ZcUndc qui deliroit des cotes plus propres à la navigation ?" UifîrtatioH far Us inventions que Us ans et Us Jciencet doivent aux Belges ; par M.M.U doyen lltviis.Après avoir fait mention dea auteurs qui avoient déjà traite la même mâtine, .Vf.Htylen commence le» propres rechcichc», qu'il poulie même plus lu.i quo l'epoque de l'éte chrétienne.Il divife cette longue fuite d’années en h 'M péi iodes, dont lapiemicrc finit avec l’Empire Romain , la lecondo siic.td j.ilq l'au règne de Charles V, et le troiliemejufqu’au nos jours.L'auicur croit d'abord que les Belges, comme compris fous les anciens Gauloii, puiflent prticijser avec ceux-ci dans l'honnetir que Pline leur attribue, d avuii entr’autre inventé l'art d etainer le cuivre, et de faire des tamo dç ci il.Quant aux chariots de guerre dont fe fer voient auffl les Gau-loo, Virale fc uble en aittibucr fpécialemem l’invention aux Belges, lorf-qu’ild.t, (Cesrg.3.v.204.7 * Bel' u vil n >Ils me hui Jerret clfcda colle.Ei I.h un en fan même avec les chariots armés de faux, lorfqu’il dit ( Pbar-Jd.hb.\.J * — Doalis reedor roflrjt» Belga muni.On a iron même quelque railon de croire que les Belges ont inventé le Lvoii, paiique même St.iliérunyme prie de la blancheur éclatante de leur linge ; du munis est il lùr, pr le témoignage de plulieurs auteurs, qu’ils ont donné une couleur dorée à leur cheveux, a force de les laver d'une lef-live coiiiDolre de grailfe et de cendres.Quant aux manufactures de toile, ou vou qu'il» y ont excellé même avant le tems de Tacite.Dan» la fe onde période, le» Belges et le» Liégeois ont découvert le charbon de terre ou la bouille, dont l’ulàge remontcjulqu'à l’anuée n 89; et l’exploitation cii étott dejs li conliderable en «347, que les houilleurs compoloicnt une très-grande partie de l'annec liégctnfe.Les comtés de Namur et de ILinaut fournilfcnt aullidc la houille.l.a navigation a de tout tems été l'occupation favoriie des Belges.Leurs vailfesux marcliand» ont été les premier» a pénétrer dans la Baltique, pr le détioitdu Sand, comme on en trouve des monumensdès l’an 1088.Ils peuvent (ldputcr au Ils aux Portugais U découverte des ills* Açores, (ans prier 54 Pr,i/btrity end AJvcfity.1er de leurs exploits maritime* plu» lésons, qui font connu* de tout |« momie.L’art de la navigation e(l leur ouvrage.Le* nom* que la langue belge a donné»aux differentes particsd’un vaiflfcau, et meme aux vents, leurs 4 font reliés, et ont été adoptés par preique tous le» mai ins de l'Europe.La pèc he a été le fruit de 1a navigation.On a de» preuve* ccitaine» que les Belge» on cxeicc 1a pèche de» harengs de» le commencement du i je.tic.cle, fans prier de quelque* plLigcs de» ancien» autcuit, d'.pici lclquel» on pourixnt faire remonter cette pèche beaucoup plu» haut.L’invention de la peinture à huile appartient pr tant de titres aux Bclgrr, et prticuliérement à Jean van l.yil, que pcrlonne ne pouiroit la leur les kutile» ayant plus de cuiifrlancc, ne leur prcleiucnt pas une nourriture aulii délicate, toit que.les arbres étant plus feuilles, le dégât n’etl point aulli apparent.Mais* mutage, et dam leur jeonctlc loi-tout, k»aibie*nc peuvent que louffnr île la privation des kudlcs qui leur ont été données, pour qu à leur fecours ils pudent leur nourriture dans l’aimolphcrc.Nous avons tous le* jour» de» preuves de cette vérité ; en vain nous diroit-on que le mûrier fupporte^ sttfeunUilon Ian* patotuc en louffiir; le minier éprouve ccttc privation Na .* *vcc ' ' I HP! 98 Sur let npytns i: garantir U: nartnnitrs d’Indtdu digit dttthtniliu.avec moins d’inconvénient que la plupait des aunes arbres, peut-être même devient elle néccllpirc à ceux qui y (ont habitues depuis pluiicursan-nées ; cependant les mûrier* dont la feuille n’a jamais été cueillie lont plus vigoureux, vivent plus longtcms, et ne font point au! h chargés de chicots et de brindilles que les autjes.Le* marouuiers d'Inde dépouillé» par les chenilles donnent des preuves de l altération que cet accident leur eau le, par la lleuraison que plulicuri d entr’eux donnent en ttutomne : c'cfk ce nue j’ai oblcrvc plulteurs années de luite a l’efplaiiade de Montpellier.Un lait que cela n’arrive aux arbres que dans des cas d épuifemens ; il ell n*ime reconnu par les agronomes que les arbres les plus vigoureux lleuri lient le moins ; ils font fou veut obliger de les affamer pour les taire produite une fois I'jii ; combien ne laut-il pas qu'ils loiemepuifés pour fleurir deux fois.’ Cependant chaque ’’curailun les conduit d'autant plus rapidement a leur letmc, qu’elles lont plus np.ptochées.Il ne faut pourtant pas attubuer aux chenilles tous le mal qui retarde la crue des arbre* qu elles attaquent : 011 poumnt en trouver la caule dan* le» contrai,e.éyqu ils auront éprouvées, loit dans leur plantation, ioit clans 1 d l'ace mis entr eux, luit dan.le tcrrciuqui ne leur aura point été convenable.Il cft mêmeircs-pruhable que t'eli a ce* premtets vices que l'on doit I immcnlc population de chenilles qui les dévorent, l.’cxpéiiencc nous a appri» depuis lony-tein» que le* arbres dont la végétation eli languif.lantc lont k» pins attaque» des infectes ; leur conllitution maladive en lavo.rile la nopubtion ; et pour appuyer ceci d’un exemple, nous voyons dans les env nuns de Montpellier des plantations de marcnniei Ajui ne font point endommagés |>ar les chenilles, les circonllances leur ayant etc favorables, tanins que ceux de l'elplanadc, qui ont été contrariés de plulteurs inanities, en font annuellement accablés.Il cft donc cllcnuci, avant que de cher-chei à détruire directement les chenilles, de irmedicr, autant qu'il clt pof.nf>le, aujs v ces primitifs ; et pour cela nous n’avons d’autie moyen que do bether les aibrcs au pied, de le» chauffer de fumier, et de leur donner de frequen* arrolcinetu.Un pourra prévenir enfutte le dégât de» chenilles, en profitant des cimnoiiiaiiccs qu'on a fur leur» met ors, pour en taire lap.plication aux moyens de les détruire.t)n million principalement trois efpet es de chenilles nuilibles ro mjron.ruer d Inde ; ce le qui produit le papillon de nuit appelle par l in.l‘h.etn» ai rives «lu dchois, l'nui ici effet, ou aura «le la grotte toile d emballage, qu’on cuduiia do « ulle de faune, et apres l'avoir lait lécher, on la coupera, dans là longueur, ni baiuh s «le cinq pouces de large, dont on Lia d-s rouleaux.Iiaus cet rnton s'en lerviia pour ceindre d’un leul tour le tiond tic cliaque arbre, imincdutcinenl au délions de la divilion du tome, ou 0:1 la tixera en coulant les deux bouts avec du la hcclle.Cette o^ralum faite, on pallera lur Is milieu de ces bandes une couche de cambouis, tres-epaillc et d?trois pouce* de largeur.La collc-dont U toile lcra imprégnée, et les bonis qu’on s’ab-ihendra de peindre, empêcheront eue l ecotcc des albres ne f«>it dégradée par le cambouis ; alors on pourra -Lure le» chenilles des arbres avec «les perches, tans craindre que celle» qui échapperont aux pieds des éçhcnil-ieurs pditteitt remonter lur les leuiücs.Loriqu'on le contente d’abaitic le» chenilles Uns avoir eu b précaution de mettre des bandes aux pieds «le» afbrts, il arrive trcvlouv enl que, par la négligence des éch'inllcurs, il en jiraonit beaucoup qui tendent leu:» peins munies, land:» que par ce moyen celles «oo A Dijertation on the Colour of the native American t, fit.{celles qu’on a fait tomber ne peuvent plus parvenir fur les feuilles.Il eft efTentiel d’enlever les chenilles qui, voulant remonter, fe feront empâtées dans le cambouis, afin qu'elles ne puitfrnt faciliter le pliage â d'autres.I| fera nccellaire aulli de repaiïcf de nouvelles couches de cambouis fur les bandes, lorfqu’on s’appercevra qu’il le delléche.Dès' le milieu du mois d'août, ten.s où les chenilles du maronnicr eut difparu pour fc chrrfalider, on pourra enlever les bandes de .toile, qui deviendront alors inutiles; par leur moyen-onaura indubitablement garanti les maronniers d'Inde détre dé.pouiltés de leurs feuilles, (ànsavoireu bcloin de revenir fi iouvent à abat* tre inutilement les chenilles, et on fera lui d'en avoir diminue conlidéra.blement le nombre pour l'année fuivante.On a propolé, dans d'autres circonflancrs, d’appliquer directement for lesarbres, pour les garantir des miette», diverles préparations qui ne peuvent qu’être nutlibles à leur végétation ; lutage des bandes de toile pare à cet inconvenient, et de plus on a l'anvamagc de le délivrer avec facilité d'un alpcét délagréable à la vue, des que le danger cfl pallé.MM.Bergman Sc Cron/ledl le Ion encore Icrvis anvantageufement, dans d'auties cas, d’écorces d'arbres au-lieu de la toile que je propoic; nuis ici il nous cil mal-heureufement plut facile de nous procurer de la toile que des rtotccs.Je délire que les divers moyens que je viens d'indiquer, et qui lont moins coûteux et moins pénibles qu'ils ne parodient au ptrmier cuup-d’icil, loient mis en utage.11 parott que par la on favorilcroii la végétation, iouvent retardée, des maronnicts d’Inde qui ornent no* promenades i pet tonne ne doute qu’en ce genre l'agrcable ne loir en même tems utile, Am’/» l'avon bien fenti, loriqu'il voulu que fur les grandes foutes, et dans chaque village au-devant de» égides, on plantât des ormes, dont plufieurs est lient eu-cure fous le nom de Rofny, (feuille du cultivateur.) ."T"' ¦' ¦¦‘-1 -;L-JI A Dijcrtatnn on the Colour of the native Americans, and the recent Pet*, lotion of this Continent.By Jcretny belknap l), D.IT has been queried, “ if the blackncls ot the Afticans and the Eart-In-dians within the torrid zone, be the etieti of clinute ; whv arc not the original natives of America, within the lame latitudes equally t>U» I» l" That the blackncls mentioned is the cfleduf climate u generally admitted by philolophical writers.Their meaning is, that the extrflive heat of ihc climate, in along feries of time, pinduces this effect.The beat of a country depends not only on us proximity to the equator; but on its particular and relative fituation.A plain is hotter titan a mountain, a continent is hotter than an illand, and one tide of a continent is hotter than the othet., Though almoil all the countries and itlandsof Alia and Aiiica, between the tropics, have black inhabitants; yet there isadivcifity in the lhadcsof iheir fable hue, as well as in the form of their hair.The criipcd woolly headed inhabitants of the weilern cuiit of Africa, are Cud to be the blackeft of mankind, becaule that country, from its peculiar fituation, icccivct and retain* a greater degree of heat than any other part of the globe ; the rallerly winds which pafs over tlu»t continent being extremely heated in their pailage.The fame wind (which at fea is called the trade wind) is cooled in palling over the Atlantic.The calicrn parts of bouth America arc much cooler titan the.• op- J Dipriaitt» on the Colour of the native Ameruant, (3e.loi eppofttc emit of Africa, in the fame latitude; and the native! of Guiana and BrafU are of a brown colour.' Between Braid and Peru are lituate thofe lof-ty mountains, the Aude»; which again arrefl and cool the caflcily wind, betoie it reach.-s the wcilcrn coati of America; and, the inhabitants of Pe-tuarc of a lighter colour than thole of Bialil.Mexico is in the fame latitude wuh Senegal and Gambia ; the inhabitants of the two latter countries ate black, whtlft thofe of ihe former arc o! an olive complexion, which is fup-polrd to have been the original colour of the human lpecics.* This account is conformable to that given by the celebrated naifiralifl Buf-fon; but he hat alio formed an opinion, which if it were admitted, might folv'.the quetlion in another way.He cpnjeflurts that America is «« of a much retire reccnt esillencc” than the old continent that it mull have remained buried under the waters of the lea much longer ; and has but lately emerged from ifor waves.Inillullrationof this conjecture hcafks, «* if this continent be really as anejent as the other, why dtcifo few mett exift on it f Whv were thole few lavage and dilperfed?Why did the inhabitants of Mexico and ÿcru ftlic only ones which had the Irnallcil degree of fociety) reckon only twoor three hundred years from the time that they were Ctrl! aliemblcd together?" lie might fwvegone on with his queries thus—Why are not the inhabitants of the torrid gone in America, of as dark a complexion as thoic of the A fiait illandi, and the eallern hde of the African continent ?for it is well known, that lf*ftth of’timt as well as htal of chmaU, is necellarv to produce anv great and permanent change in the human colour.Thisconjcctuie of the late cincriioii of the American continent from the waters of the ocean, advanced by BurToo, lie Paw, and other European theurilb, appears to me attended with an infupemble ddhculiy.For whilft buried in the water n mull either have been lunk below, or the water mult have !>ecn railed above chc prêtent level of lire continent.On tire former fuppohtron, there mult have been fome mighty corivullion of nature, and ut very long continuance ; to isilc fo immcnfc a bulk fiom the t>ouom of the otcan to it* pick-lit elevation ; and the water which covered it mull 'have been to driven luck on all lidcs, as to have made great encroachments in tlieotlicr continent and rilands of the globe.Ur, on the latter fuppolition, tiwt.the water was railed above the preient level of America, it would have bren impoflible for tlut clement to prclervc its equilibrium, according to the laws of hydroiUtics, without, at the fame time, overwhelming the ancient continent.This difficulty tenders the conjecture inadinilhblc, without tome hiilurical pioof of the cxrltence of thele effects.But, though the antiquity of America be allowed equal to the reft of the world, yet it is poftible that its pofulation may be tnoie recent'.It is very certain that the annals of Mexico and Peru extcnderHwck but a few centu.ries previous to the bpanilh tnvaiion.If wc are to believe them, Manet* Capac, the founder of the Peruvian monarchy, was contemporary with llenrv 11.of England, in lire twelfth century ; and the Mexican empiie was etlabiiihed m the fourteenth.'1 he moft elaborate invefttgation of the late hiflnnan Clsvigero, tarries the ftjl populatibii of Mexico by the Toi.tecas, no further back ilian the levcirh century of the Chrilliarj Æra.beyond that, they had no tradition, excepting tlut their ancellors came from the north-well.If any analogy can be drawn fiom the ptogref* which the ancient Af.lyriacu / loi ’ , A DijfcrtstUn on tht Colour of the native .interiron/, Ut.1 fyrians and Egyptians made ftom a rude toa civilized (Lite ; that is, to th* Came degree of improvement which the Mexicans and Peruvian* had attain-cd; there could not have inlet vened more than lour ot hvc centuries, num their firll arrival in America, to the appearance of Manco.This calc .tati-on will hi ng the time of the population of America, live or fix centuries within the Chrillian -Era.Some modern voyagets have difeovered the Pacific Ocean to he full of if,, ends, and thole iliands full of people, many of whom ate well (killed m navigation ; the population of the wcllein parts of America, flow the iv liera Ihorcsand illands of Afia, is rendered more credible than ever; and it the - Mexicans and Peruvians came originally from the north of China >r Corea, they might probably bring lome degree of refinement with them, l.ryond wlut thole had who found their way hither fromthc more northnn tklerts of Tartary.If this could be al'certuined, it would greatly (Ifrnphcii the argument for the recent population of America, and help us to account (or the ditfeicncc between lire inhabitants of thole celebrated empires, at.u the wild wanderers in the northern regions of this vail continent ; which is vprv anaLigous to the difference between the people of China, and the roving Tartars in the northern forelts of Alia.In fu.chan inquiry, where io little light can he derived ftem hi (lory or tradition, the mind rsapt 00(1 et thu be my apology, tinny bvpothrfis.which lecrn to favour an hypothetic, l et this be my apology, it any be ne-ccfDry, for introducing the following quotation from the learned Dr.Forllcr.» *• From the year 1259, to 1294, of the Chriftian Æra, reigned busier.Khan, (Sovereign of lartary, whofc rcftdencc was in Rattray, the northern part of China, and wliolc capital was a part of the prclcrt city of Peking.) He feat a licet and army to Niphon, or Japan, ftu tr.e put p*.le of conqueiing that country.— 1 he (hips computing Ins (leet were very much (battered by florins, and it it probable ilui fume of them were not able to get back to Japanor China.AIkxii this period thete Iprung up in America almoll at one and the lame tune, two great empties, Mexico and Peru, which had regular inllitutcs of religion ; notions of nnk and fubordmali-ons ; were in iomc mcalure civilized; weic connected with each other by various kilids ol aifocialion ; pratided agi.culture ; and in the matrimonial (Luc did not allow polygamy.In Mexico, thev had cven a kind of hierog.lvphic writing, together with many other marks of cultivation; notwith-(landing tlut both thefe empires are iurrounded on all fuies by lavage and rude nation!, very inconhderable in point of extent, and arc beltdci at 1 diltancc ftom each other.All tins favoats the fuppolition, that thefc two colonics came thither by fea, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries; perhaps they are fome of the people who were loll in the cxpcditiuu to Japan, their flops having been driven by the florin to Ametica.”* •-FjiIUj's Ll .Vsry of Vojijci ttJ Difcotnio, skip.i.p.4).Précis 187 Wr// www, et des Article principaux Je la nouvelle cbartre, Je la Companie des Indes, à Londres.Eta!fatum Jei revenue Je U eompti ;>tu Jet htdti Oremlet.h produit net de les revenu* en rente et profit de commerce iiu.fieri cit e(liine à.» .h.’ ri turlk (itnr fi I l**t ¦ J il H i>ii«n.a«.*' _ ’ t Lequel» Unit fujet» aux paiemens luivan».Les intérêt! de 3,100,000 1.(L en billet s à a n.C.Id.de ,(>bq.o8i l.il.does dam linde, aitiifr- ictntaux, (allant un tcnne inovcn d'invyon d ! > Le dividende de 8 p.C.du capital adutS de " * 5,OUO,000 C.Iî8,ooo 5^,923 - {00,000 Excédent net, chaque année t.ogq,g 3;j l»*39-»4« Anj Utf>r,mtf>anx J, U tranfadxou de U nouvelle Charte de U Combogm: du Uiety Hrésdftû têrrHfênéânu mPrm4tt entrai' mini) rt diS» Al Ü la eon' Jet directeur/ Je /a iv/n^ugxir.Le commerce (eralibre à tout particulier qui vaudra le faire pour fnn ?fOitlIlll* i.iiir IVirtUArt .rt.t * »_1 _ J cl * r pt « «recompte.pour I exportation dan» l’Inde des produftiahs territoriale et de.nunulatturci de l’Angleterre et de l'Irlande, et pour le ictoui dis marcnutdiMf crue»de» Inde! qui s’employent dan, noa propre» manufactu-r^i, aom U hike cc le tarif icrout annexes à i'atlc du parlement; uuu, 1j torn-aura le droit de prendre j>o.ir Ion compte toutes Iclditcs prtxiuftioiu Londré**' *" J°n'U,1‘ P°Ur CUr W,CUr *** lclt,ej dc chrt de» marclundife* de» par-tirulier» ne » etevera point au dctlus, du prit de celui qui pourrait être m -c J»ir de» négociai» pailtculter».Elle établira, tou» la pioicttion, dan» les uutereris coin uu, ri de» ageu» pour le» aibirci du commerce particulier.3 .ht le lord Macartney peut obtenir, dans Ion ambatUde à la Chine, la perm:mon de former de» eiablillcmcn, dan» le» tiles orientale», où l’on purl-le trouver de nouveau* debouches a no» marchandde» Aitglotlc» et Irlan- l i*, C ,e r take all other meafure* m thesrpow.fu inquricg the Commerce of fiance, and lor bringing her, by fuch means, to jutt conditions of fcace.» Axr.I\ .1 heir M-jcltiea engage to unite all their efforts to prerer.t other Powers, not imphcatedm this War, from giving, or.lia.occîdion of common concern to every civihaed State, any proieeinm wlutcver, direft-1) ot wdireaiy, in confcqucnce of their neutrality, to the Commerce or property of the french, on the Ses.or in thePonsof f ranee.,Vr ru **‘r mutually and ardently to confirm nd conluodate, as much as poffible, the fnendlhtp aud union now lubntt-’ mj envecu them, and to protect and extend the cotnincrce betweeu thetr I ici- 5 *r CHRONI CLU E.P A P I I.R S 1) ’ £ f A T.107 - •-a fnlr< Sa Majifti Rntaniijuf 11 l'Impiratri,t At Raffle, CKl X qui ont exercé le» pouvoir» Un Gouvernement en l iante, aptes ^voir plongé lent patrie Uar>s les plus alfreules calamité», ayant àdome envers les autres poiliancei il'Knrope ties inelutes également injufte» et oflen-lives, le c mduiiartt à cet égard par des principes incompatibles avec h lu-ir et la irauquil.tr Ur tous les Lut* indépendants, et même avec l cxilknco .le tii.it ordre locial ; et «’étant actuellement rendus coupables de l’aggrcfii-«PP« « y°«r Chateau of Ramey, and will then give you a faithfal account of the opnuon» of the principal of our LcgiOators.I am, with •very fentiment of relpett,your very obedient and htimblc Icrvant, Périr, loth A4 ay, »79o, MIRABEAU.Quedion.—Do you acknowledge thi* Letter ?Ivwy well naaember that Aluabaan cum to Rainey to fop with me, if cam* Chronique.119 fH tâché cie communiquer avec de» ;>erfonnej de cette ville ?—R.Non, Citoyen ; avec aucun excepté let ouvriers dont j'avais bcluin.J'«i tinit l'interrogatoire.v Ctrtljié À Paru, le tj Juin, 1793, la fuandt année de U République, une et tnJivi/ible.(Signe) CHARLES VOIDEL.PartKularuii ultérieures du l'vÜCLS de Monteur EGALITE*.La lettre fai vante de M.Mirabe.ui lui a été produite et lue.v Mono testai;», Votre Altelfe délipptouve que i ii étant inlifié à foutenir le Veto dans notre Conflit ut ion.M-s radons cuient, que le Rot m abufera: il augmentera par li le nombir des méconteu*.11 n'en fi ra ulage que pour pie-lover fon pouvoir, et pour favoi 1 tous Ici court ilan* dans les rlifleic.it Departemcits de l’Etat lut natio • 1 un apuercevra, et finira par le punir.l)jt penlé mil de les freres, coat rte vou» lave*, et étant abfcns, tlçll im* pofTsble que cette conjontturc ne vous fuit pas avantagculr.S'il arrive une autre révolution, que je prévois, vous êtes aimé du peuple, qui infailliblement vous proclamera.fou monarque.l.'Aflcinhlec toiillituanie fera pour vous ; et le tronc, où vous n'avez jus monte à la premiere e.plotion de l'miuirctlion (Hipulairc, vous ler.> olicrlpat le rotifénicnirnt univerlel.Comptez, Monleigneur, fur nies plus gtand, ellorts, et lur ma lecontiaàr-tincrlaplus reipettueule.Votre trèsobciflàtit Serviteur, Paru, 4 Mari, 1790 MIRABEAU Qteflions faites à M.Egalisé fm t *tte lettre, avec let lepoufca.Qu’avez vous à rèjtondre fur cette lettre ?Je n'ai jamais reçu cette lettre, et M irabcau ne pouvait pas m'en écrire de fcmblable.Il lavait que )c n'avais pas dctlciii de régner ; et que je ne délitai* que Ia fupiéinacie du peuple.y 'Vous dites que vous n avez au.une contuiilancc de cette lettre on va vous en lire une autre, avec voue rcjioitlc.l.e ^Itether lut ; * MoMsiiCHtita, Avant que je commence à parler de chofeaqui vous intérefCent, permet* ter mots de vous c«primer ma seronnauLnce pour vos faveuts.Madame ——— ed très fen'ible à vos vues lubltmes ; elle dit hautement qu’un pnnee tel que voaslur le trône eclipleran bientôt Marc Aurelle, Antonia et Tiajean : t'alterne ; les affaires ne peuvent allez mieux : la vigueur et U pruienre loin également néccllliiiet J'obéirai à votre billet d invitation, et me rendrai au près de vous à louper à votre Château de Raincy ; je vous tendrai alors un compte hide de I opinion des principaux de nos Lcgilla-teuri.Je luis avec tout les ienitmens de rclpctt, votre liés obé: liant et iris humble Serviteur, Paru, 10 Mai, 1790.M I R A B E A U.Quctlion—Reconnaiilez vous cette lettre f Je me (ouviens très bien que Mirabeau viol à Kaincy louper avec mot, Q avec 180 • Chronicle.company with many of hi* co-depututirs, but the letter which the Cleik has jult now read is no more known »o me than the former.Y ou neverthelels anlwerrd it ; and this is your Anfwer : 1 felicitate you, my dear Mirabeau, upon your heroic notions; in nw Inhng tight of my interdis you labour lor your own.If you iucrecd m caulmg me to be proclaimed King, be allured I fliall remember your fervi.ces.It is laid that Kings arc incapable of friendship ; you Hull find the contrary, for my aknowledgmentsand generality Ihall be boundlels.Proceed then, andcrufh with your eloquent declamation that raltal Maury.— 1 fliall dine to morrow at the Palais-Royal ; 1 do not invite you, hecsiite you come of courfe.As we come out of the Aticmbly follow me, l Dull tell you (bmcihing of Condc and hn family.1 sm wholly your’s, PH, JOS.D’ORLEANS.Rainey, nth May, 1790.OFFICIAL ACCOUNT OF THF ~XFLD1T10S AGAINST MAR.TIN ICO.FsOM THI LONDON C ASST f i.—W It ITS H411, AVO.I 3.FxtraH of a Utter from the Hon.Major General listes, Commander in Chief 0/hu Majejh't Jarett in thtWtft.India, to the Right lion, lissai Dunoai, one oj tin Màjejty'i pnneipat Jtereiariet 0f State -, dated tl StaoJ Martmica, Jane a^, 17^3.Remved Augajl 11.IN my letter of the s5th of May, I had the honor to acquaint you tlu, I waited for the report that Col.Myers fhould bring from Man,nice before I came to a Anal determination relpetting lise expedition agatnfl that lftand.He return’d the 31ft ult.and the in lor mat ion he broughtw*.that the planter, had exprelfcd great confidence, if we would comedown immediately, though only with a veiv Iniall lorce ; and on the 6rh of this month a deput tion arrived heie from the Committee tnUmudiert with 4 very earned requclt for afliflance, ft,ring that .hey were .hen in uUeflmn of tome very important polls, and that our appearmee, wnh a forae exen not excceding 800 men, would encourage a grear number of the Rovihlls «0 dccuic thcmldves, whoot.ly waited the arrival of the Englilh for the 1 hefe re I hef?^'Prefcntationa induced me to undertake the expedition, and the Admiral who has untfurmlv eomnlied wnh —____n .l_.• .______, „.w.w,llsllrel«lvB.m wmcnwe are engaged, had previoufly confcntcd in icceive on board the fleet Juch part of the troops as he could conveniently c.trv, and by this means Csve a great expenfe in iranfpom.rhey emUrrked accord,ngly on the 10th and arrived off Caae Navi,eon the 1 ith.the officer who commanded the royalifti immediately proeofed an attack upon the town of St.Pterre,.which he bid we cnuUi ca- an attack upon the town of St.Pierre,.which he bid we «mm c fily make OUrfelvc* matters of, and that the tnfluence ol the merchant, there was iuch as would procure the fubmilton of the red of the lfland, fort Chronique I ai »»ec plufteuri de fes co-députés ; mais b lettre que le Greffier vient de lira ne m’ell pas plu* connue que la piemicrc.Vous y ave» pourtant répondu, et voici votre réponfe : Je voo> félicite, mon cher Mirabeau, fur vos idées héroïques ; en ne perdant point de v*ie mes intéièts, vous travaille» pour les vôtre».Si vous réuHilIcs à me faire proclamer Roi, fovez alluré que je me fouvien-drai de vos fervices.On dit que les Rois font incapables d'amitiés, vous verre» le contraire, car ma reionnaitfancc et nia généralité feront fans bornes.Pourfuivc* donc, et érralrx par votre éloquente déclamation ce poulard de Maury.Je dincrai demain au Palais Royal.Je ne vous invite pas, parce que vous y viendrez naturellement, Quanti nous formons de l’Alfcmbléc,, fuiver moi, je vous dirai quclqye chofc de Coudé et da ta famille.Je fuit tout il vous, PH.J ü S.D’ORLEANS, Raine r i sa Mai, «790.RELATION OFFICIELLE DE L'EXPEDITION CONTRE LJ MARTINIQUE.Tiai'e Dt la GAZïTTt oi LontiXM.—WlllTSHAtl, 13A00T.laiton Jane lettre Ja Major Cintrai llsi-ci, C.uraj'i^nl to chef Jet trjopet Je ha MajeJte Jam Iti Indti Ouidentalee, au Trèt Ilonorat/e Ht s a « Du n oai, un de 1 principaux Secrétaire! d'Etat du Roi, datee en Mtr à la hauteur de U Morumque, U 2 j Juin, «¦’yj.Retue le sa Août.Mous 1 su», DANS ma lettre du sj de Mai, j’ai eu l’honneor de vous informer, qua j’attendais le rappoil que le Colonel Myers appoitcrait de U Martinique avant de venir â une détermination finale tone liant l’expédition contre cette lf.e.11 revint le 31 du pafic, et appotta pour nouvelles, que les Planteurs avaient témoigné beaucoup de conroncc, fi nous voulions delcfti-Ore immédiatement, quoiqu’avet trô* peu de force, et le 6 de ce mois il ar-n va ici une deputation du Comité i met médiane, pour demander uiftaïu-ment du lecours ; dilant qu’ils étaient alors eu potlrffion de quelques polies lit, important, et que fi nous y venions feulement avec 800 hommes, nous encouragerions à fe déclarer un grand nombre de Royalillct, qui ne dcfi-ja.cnt que l’arrivée de* Anglais pour cet eflet.Ces repié(entaiton* m'ont induit à entreprendre l’expédition, etl’Admi-rai, qui a containment acquielcé i toutes les demandes que je lui ai faites poursvaocer le fcrvice dans lequel nous étions engagés, avait préalablement contenu de recevoir i bora de U flotte telle parti a des troupes qu’il pourrait commodément tranlpoiter, cl parce moyen épargner de grands fiaix de Iranfport.l.cs troupes embarquèrent en conféqucnec le to, et arrivèrent vis-s-vis de Cafe Navire le II.L’Officier qui commandait les Royaliltea prapoU aulfitôt d’attaquer U ville de St.Pierre, dont il dit que nous poumons nous emparer ailcment, et quQÜinlluencc des Marchands y était ailes grande pour procurer U loumiflton du relie de Lille, a l'exception feulement da Q s fort r'5 J * Chmniftt, fort Bourbon alone excepted, and that there wa* even a probability that this plaie Mould vety loon lurrciuter lor want uf prov liions.The French Engineer* were all confident in the luccef* of this plan.Willing, tluicfore, to fhew how ready 1 was in furpert of thcii eaulc, | ordered the eiil regt.to land on the 14th at Csie Navire, and there took poll, which enabled the officer who commanded the invalids to n hi* force its the neighbourhood of St.lierre; he arrortliugly moved, »r»l 1 landed the rcfl of our force*on the 1 fith.ami joined him at a very Utetij jioll vvîthtn aliout five milles of St.l’ictre.The Bittifh troops confided of the Cicnadters, Light Infantry, and Marines front the Beet, with the Carolina b!***, coip», atrun.iuiig in all to about 1100 men : The Corps of Uoyaliili was Cud to be about 80c.This force was thought to be perfectly adequate to the tervicc ptopoied.NV’ewere retarded in our opeiatioo* by the tnfh.ruhy of binging up the I;* pounders to their flat :on;, where they did not rinvc tib the r;;h in the ah ternorn, \vh 11 the enemy made an attack upon ore ol them, but were very loon driven b*ck by the pickets ol the light niUn'iv ; but 1 un furry fo fay with the lot* of Capt.Dunlop, and three n-.tn el the Royal Amen, cans.rJ he plan v.c had concerted was the stuck t i two t.tte.ic» winch vie -fended St.bietrr, the taking of which would mimedL'.tcty put u> in ;vl-iellion of that town.The morning of the iHiu was the tin.e fi'rd, u.i we were to move forward in two columns, the c ite corr.ttmg of the Hn-tilh ttoop*, tlic oilier «-I the np.lilts, fut this |uiit:c the Inept mil put in motion be for?day break.Hut unfortunately fume *tarm living t#k» cn place among the invalids, they began, j,4 uuftake firing on i« ims •her; and their commander being Icvcrcly wounded, on the meat ton, bn troops were immediately difcor.ccrted, would t.t Inborn to the ronin ui of any of the otheroffterts, and indantlv iciiitd to the pell lion, which they had marched.This conduft fhongly proved that nu dépendance could 1* plated en them, and the attack again ft St.I'irtte trufl itdeî) «avcleen mi lcd on by the Biitilh troojf, to which their number* were mi equal; and at tiny luckily were not yet engaged with the cnemv, they.*» etc ordered irnmeen .¦’tely to return to their former js-• 1, fiom which they cmtuiked mi ilie 19th; sndthe si ft regiment lit wile cu.oaikrd tn.:n ti.cit joil on the siA, the navy, at ufnal, giving the mod toady alhlLir.ee.As the rovalift* would cert, inlv fall a (artifice to the ir.tj bt.blc mal gr.ity of the republican party as foon as we quitted rite libr.J, 11 bonne m a manner incumbent on ut, in fuppvit of the National c!.i«CLi, to civ