The Montreal witness, 20 juillet 1846, lundi 20 juillet 1846

[" TT PO HT UT THR Tome at ae cae a mes ~ - MONTREAL WITNESS WEEKLY REVIEW AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER.VOL, I.MONTREAL, MONDAY, JULY 20, 1846, \u2014 _ TU RAVISVW., ALGERIA, PAST AND PRESENT.(Continued from the Foreign Quarterly Review.) During the struggle between Napoleon and the allied powers, Algiers\u2019 as but litle heeded.In vain did the expectant pirates, Gaze whote some distant sail a lies, Wik al the thirsting eye of prisme For under the policy of Buonaparte comdierce languished almost to inanition\u2014and at a crisis when the liberties of Europe hung suspended in the balance, few vessels cared to cross the sens un.Jess guarded by the all-sufficient protection of an English frigate.But when the fall of Napoleon gave tranquility once more to the world, and men hegan again to bury themselves with trade, and in the pursuit of riches, the piracies committed by the states of Barbary became ance more the subject of remark and indignation, England, which had just chastised, at such \u2018a fearful cost to herself, the great arch-robber of Europe; #ras not likely to permit the petty depredations of a few insigniicant states to remain any longer unreproved, To her, on the constituted protectress of the civilized world, seemed naturally to\u2019 belong the office of externi- nating this ne-t of robbers.Accordingly, in the year 18(6,a discussion arvse in parliament, on the motion of Mr.Brougham, as 10 the propriety of our compelling the piratical governments of Algiers, Tripoli and Tunis, to observe the conventionalities of the Jaw of nations in their intercourse with other states.Up to this period our own relations with them had been on the whole amicable.In the time of Elizabeth, indeed, Sir E.Mansel had conducted thither an expedition, which he mismanaged so much as 10 weaken in some degree the influence of our flag; and Admiral Blake still later had stormed the Goletta, at Tunis, in revenge for some insults offered to vessels under our protection, and ha pre- sentc himself before Algiers, and demanded satisfaction from that city « so.The Algerines bid him do his worst ; and Blake, after having ¢ curled his whiskers,\u201d (his constant custom, it is said, when urritated,) captured two of their vessels, and compelled them 10 sue for peace.These misunderstandings, however, had been only temporary ; and in the reign of Charles I.a treaty had been concluded with them, which was then still subsisting, and had been adhered to on their part with tolerable fidelity.Some, therefore, urged, that, under these circumstances, it was inconsistent with good faith on our part to commence hostilities ; and it \u2018vas, moreover; Stiggesied that, waiving the question of right or wrong, success itself would be doubtful ; for it was by no means an easy exploit to bombard a city in which all the houses were, flat-roofed, and built of stone, after the fashion of Rosetta and Buenos Ayresi ! To these arguments, however, it was replied with irresistible force by the promoters of the Algerineexpedition, that the pirates, by indisgriminately attacking all nations they faucied wesker than themselves, had become kostes humans generis, and out of the pale of ordinary treaties; that we merely owed our own exemption from insult to the salutary dread they entertained of British guns ; that as to the difficulty of the enterprise, it did not become thoee who had sustained the hostility of Europe, to flinch from pmish- ing half disciplined barbarians ; And, finally, that it was not intended to interfere with their adherence to those principles in their foreign intercourse, which humanity and justice rendered imperative on every government.# hese considerations prevailed; in (he summer of the same year a fleet was placed under the command of Edward Pellew, Admira Lord Viscount Exmouth ; and that officer was directed to obtain from the several states of Algiers, Tripoli, and Tunis, if | possible by negotiation, but fhiling that, by force of arms: the unequivocal abolition of Christian slavery ; secondly, the recognition of the Ionian Islands as possessions of our crown ; and lastly, an equitable peace for the kingdoms of Sardinia and Naples, he appearance of the English squadron off the cost of Barbary apparently wufficed to obtain al] these concessions.With regard, indeed, to the article respect slavery, the Dey of Algiers demurred, and suddenly remembering his allegiance as a varal of the Ottoman empire, which had long since become merely nominal in its character, = the necessity of obtaining the concurrence of the Sbini \u201cPorte, ni ; Lond Exmouth, on the dey\"s\u201dfift-dhiwer, which was a point blank refusal, hud vigorously prepared Sidatilities ; tut this latter threw him off his guard.His lordship\u2019s honest Engleh heart was no match for the cuamng of the Algerine, whose only object was to gain time for finishing the defences of his capital.Unsuspicious of this ulterior abject, he even placed a frigate ut his command, in order that the desired permission might be more speedily obtained\u2014and, contenting himeelf with stipulating for à fi sewer to his demands at the end of three months, smiled back to England, where the fieet was peid off.; , n Hardly, however, had this been aecc mplished, when tidings arrived of an outrsge so cruel and unprovoked, that we scarcely know whether to admire the folly or the treachery of the dey under whose orders it was prepetrated.; The town of Bona, to the east of Algiers in the province of Constantina, has from a very early period® been famous for the excellence and abundance of the coral found in the gulf ofthe same aame on which it is situated.These fisheries had been formerly in the bands of the Catalans, then of the Genoese, and afterwards of the French, under whom the \u2018Compagnie d\u2019Afrique\u2019 at one time rivalled in wealth and prosperity our own * Hudson's Bay Company.\u2019 Oregon however in not the only debatable territory in the world, and those coral banks often changed masters, At length, in 1807, England was duly invested by the dey with the seignor- © The coral fisherien of Bons mentioned by Aboulfeds, who fSourished about the year 100 of the Helis, la hip *Deseripbon oo Page do Mogren \u2014 al possession of this fishing station ; and at the time of Lord Ex- mouth\u2019s expedition it was occupied for the most part by Ge- none, Neapolitan, or Sardinian traders, under the Protection of our flag.Upon this defenceloss colony, as soon as the now hated sails of the English fleet had dies peared, the dey of Algiers, with all the wayward folly of a child, poured ott his pent up indignation, Hin soldicrs laid waste the town, masmered many of the inhabitants and enslaved the remainder; and, failing \u2018there, wreaked their vengence upon the English flags, which they tore to ribands and dragged the mire in insame triumph.The commotion excited in England by this burst of foolish fury may easily be imagined, It had at least the effect of silencing and Lord Exmouth set off again for the Mediterranean with the full determination not to be again deceived by his highness, On arriving at Gibraltar, Lord Rrmouth was joined hy the Dutch admiral Van Cappillen, whb had heen ordered by hiv government to co-operate with the British commander, and the combined fleet set forward in compaky for the coast of Barbary, The dey now felt that lie must throw away the scablurd ; and on a frigate appearing in the port of Algiers to take off the English consul, Mr.Macdonald, he placed that gentleman in chains, and hearing to his vexation that his wife and daughter had effect ed their escape in the dresses of milshipmen, he ordered two boats belonging to the frigate which happened to be in the harbor to be detained with their crews.When these fresh misde- meanorn were reported by the fair fugitives on their arrival on board the fleet, they of course added new fuel to the general indignadon, and on the 17th of August, Lord Exmouth anchored his fleet, which consisted of twenty-five English and five Dutch vessels, three or four leagues from Algiers, in no muod to digest any further coquetry on the part of the dey.His lordship\u2019s interpreter, M.Saleme, was immediately despatched with a letter containing the ultimatum of the English admiral.Hie demands were brief and stern ; though not more so than the conduct of his highness fully justified.In addition to our previous requisitions, they comprised sti pulations for the immediate delivery of all Christian slaves without ransom ; for the settlement of the grievances of the Sardinian, Sicilian and Dutch governments; and for ample satisfaction for insults offered to our own.Three hours were all that was'to be allowed the dey for deliberation, and M.Saleme was directed to return at the expiration of that time if no nnswer was previously given.Even this short interval was considered too long by the gallant spirits on board our fleet.«Saleme,\u201d playfully exclaimed an officer of the Queen Charlotte, as the interpreter stepped over the side into his boat, \u201cif you return with an answer fron} the dey, that he accepts our conditions without Sighting, we will kl you instead And that the same ardor animated the whole feet, tieir subsequent conduct abundantly testified.At the expiration of the appointed time, Saleme returned without any reply from bis highness, and at the same instant a light breeze springing up, Lord Exmouth gave the signal for advance.Turning the head of his own ship towards the shore he ran across the range of all the batteries without firing a shot, and lashed her to the main-mast of an Algerine brig which lay about eighty yards from the mole that enclosed the inuer harbor.The other vessels followed in the wake of the Queen Charlotte, and took up their alloted: stations with admirable precision.A dead silence prevailed during these evolutions ; the Alger- ines were taken by surprise, and their guns were not shotted, so that a brief interval elapsed during which the scene must have been one of the most thrilling interest,\u201d This frightful repose was soon broken.The Algerines took the initiative, and a gun fired athwart the poop of the admiral\u2019s vessel began the battle.A furious cannonade on both sides continued for several hours without intermission.The bomb-boats belonging to our fleet pressed forward close under the batteries, and caused immense havoc among the troops which crowded the mole; and, when at last the enemy\u2019s fire became more slack, an explogion ship which had been kept in reserve was brought forward close under the walls, and the devastating effects it produced completed their confusion.The total ceseation of the enemy's fire toward\u2019s the close of the evening convinced Lord Exmouth that his victory was complete, and he therefore drew off his vessels out of gun-shot, and early the next day despatched Saleme with a second note to the dey, reiterating the demands which had been treated so disdainfully the preceding morning, At the same time preparations were made for renewing.the bombardment, but they were unnecessary.The haughty Algerine was effectually humbled, The greatest part of his capital was reduced to es, and his very palace at the mercy of our troops: his hips were burnt or taken, and hia numerica] loss was very great.Under these circumstances no alteruative remained to him.A wes fired in token of his acceptance of the terms offered, and an officer was sent on shore to superiatend the embarkation of the liberated slaves, and the restoration of the immense sums the dey had from time to time exacted from the Sardinian and Neapolitan governments as ransom for their captured subjects.\u201cThe demeanor of his highness on this trying occasion was very entertaining.The most bitter pill appears to have been the apoloey, which we required on behalf of our consul.Seated croes- on his divan, the dey sulkily gave the requisite orders for the freedom of} the slaves, and even the delivery of the treasure; but when Sa- leme hinted that now was the proper time to ask pardon of Mr.Macdonald for the insults to which he had been exposed, his highness shock his head, and pufied his Shibouque in the bis terness of wounded pride.But the English r was inexorable, and Omar at length muttered, tf M.Seleme might my for him what he : \u201cThis is not suflicient,* was the answer, \u201cyou must dictate to the interpreter what you intend to ex- press.\u201d And the dey ut last complied.More than a thousand those disposed to advocate conciliatory measures with the pirates, tl .No.29 slaves on this occasion were restored to liberty, and an they embarked on board the vessels employed to convey them to Europe, they exclaimed in grateful chorus, % Viva il Re d?Ingliterra, il padre eterno! é if ammiraglio Inglese che ci ha liberato di a se- condo Inferno 1» Among them were inhabitants from almost every state of Europe, but singularly enough not e single Englishman.The punishment which England thus inflicted seemed severe enough to have produced caution, if not penitence; but the habits of the Algerines were too inveterate to be changed.Under Ali, the successor of Omar, who dM not long survive his disas- term, they retumed to their old courses; and so early as 1819, a combined fleet of French and English vessels were compelled to ireaten a second bombardment, if their flage were not respected.But from the moment that the last Dey of Algiers, Hassein Pasha, succeeded to the divan, it became evident that even plunder had become a secondary object with the Algerine government ; and that hatred to the French power was now the ruling passion hy which it was actuated, Among the signs which from time to time gave evidence of this hosle feeling was a tax, which in 1824 Hassein Pasha levied on ofl French goods of whatever description ; and as may easily be imagined, the French, the most irascible people in the worid, bore with the utmost impatience these marks of enmity, and eagerly longed for rome occasion for an open rupture.When both sides were thus ripe for a quarrel, an opportunity was sure to present itself, and the petulant ill- temper of the dey furnished a couse bell perfectly legitimate, Upon some trivial dispute with the French consul, his ighness 80 far forgot his dignity and his safety, as to strike him across the face with a fiy-fap he held in his hand ; and this outrage being followed by an attack on some French establishments near Bong, war was declared.A blockade commenced which continued for three years, greatly to the expense of France, hut not much to the annoyance of the Algerines, who being able to draw boundless reso.:ces from the interior, treated the blockading fleet with contempt, and at length fired on the ship of Admiral de Ia Bre- tonniere, which had approached their harbor hearing offers of accommodation, This unpardonable breach of the laws of legitimate warfare put all France in commotion.The national honor had bee outraged in the most open manner, and must be as of enty vindicated.It was therefore resolved, not only to visit authors of this crime with condign punishment, but also to take that opportunity of repairing the recent dismemberment of the French colonial ations, by reducing Algeria itself to a province, and establishing there a permanent French supremacy.This pft- ject pleased every body.The patriot exulted in the idea of rivaling, if not eclipsing the splendor of England in the East ; the ilanthropiat_anticipated the blessings Africa from European civilization; and the ulatist already saw himself d of the rich plain of the Metidja, and the orange gardens of Koleah and , whose fame had even at that time penetrated to Paris, and had there excited a mania for foreign acquirements not unlike that which raged in the days of Law and the Mississippi Scheme.Having thus determined upon the subjugation of Algeria, neither pains nor money were spared to insure the success of the expedition.The minister of war, the Count de Bourmont, with more heroiem than he afterwards thought proper to Jinplay in the course of the campaign, placed himself at its head : and on the 28th of May, 1830, the ariay effected an undisturbed disembarkation at Sidi-El-Ferruch, a small promontory about five leagues to the west of Algiers.As the projects of the French embraced occupancy as well as conquest, and an attempt at colonization made easy,\u201d by the aid of wealth and science, the ingredients of the immense host thus poured forth upon Africa were necessarily very miscellaneous, and even chaotic in their character.Engineers to map out the country ; savane to philosophize on their discoveries; antiquarians to search after Roman relics; farmers, fond of experi- mentizing, to cultivate the land as it was conquered ;- emigrants with their tille-deeds to farms vet in the future tense Érmiy se- eured in their knepsecks, mingled with the more regular elements of an invading army: while crutches for the disabled, wooden legs for the mutilated, and air ballons for the adventurous, bore witness to the foresight and ingéniity of the Parisian war-ofiice.The first military operations on je African const took place on the same day that the army disembarked.A small fort on the promontory appeared to the French engineers to present am obstacle which must be overcame.Approaches were made in form\u2014a storming party threw themselves, with promising bravery, on the breach as soon as practicable\u2014but alas ! parturiunt montes, and the y aspirants for fame received more raillery than raise when there emerged with the garrison\u2014two hens and a itter of puppies ! 20 But more formidable enemies were not wanting, aad soca made themselves felt, though not seen.It was the policy of the dey to allow the French to land, for the sake of plundering their bag- after he should have beaten them ; but it formed no part of is design to allow them to sleep in peace when that landing was effected.As night drew on, the tired soldiers addressed selves to in vain.Continual alarms prevented their closing their eyes.rn mistook their comrades for Bedouina ; .paroal attacks were made from time to time upon detached portions of the line ; out-posts were surprised ; and at length the confinion became so great, sud the casualties so numerous, that if it had been January instend of June, the consequences would have been very serious.It would, perhaps, have been ha for Hassein Pasha if he had pervers in this mode of re.It was suited to his resources, his talents, and his troops, But he had formed an inordinate estimate of his own military skill, and resolved to risk his fortunes in a batde.The plain of Staweli appeared to offer considerable , ass due for this combat, Somewhat elevated above Sidi.which would enure to- 1846 THE MONTREAL WITNESS.opinions 1nd yet had interpreted his words, av t 234 \u2018 Ferruch, it afforded the Mussulmans the opportunity of charging bed.In this the good fathers showed themselves litde scquaint- in the Romish ed with that figere in rhetogic termed ¢ graduation.\u201d * After down hill-\u2014a iderstion of i 1 in the onset ol rit,\u201d in the sense which my ewe ongaiencouligialeg with- troops, each dp OF hin Yugi Ni owe \u2018ane or fortubte oN Slag flat he wpoke accordilig to his.* \u2019 baging made me & vietim to the most painful internal sufferings, ouch ae] The Sevuit Ginliani entered at this moutent, and {tend me at-[eo the most strocies mental tortures, they presented me with a knop of gords, thet 1 might thegewith scourge my shoulders.After having tormented me with & rod of iron, they presented to me a whip of feathers.Mental anguish and corporal suffering will not hear a comparison.Besides which, how could they expect that | whould desire to become my own executioner?The father Giuliani did not, on this occasion, fail to inflict upon me another wearisome discourse, on the duty of mortification, equivalent to, at least, an hour's severe fingellation.When he had left me, I thought to myself,\u2014the Jesuits must be insane to suppose that 1 shall make use of this instrument ; and then followed the idea directed him, apd who degpised \u201cregular mine the Highlanders gt Prose Hoe The French afty \u20aconsisted ofthe divisions, 2ach of which wag, about four o'clock in the morning of the 17th of June, simultancouwsly uttacked by the enemy ; and on onch wing the success of the Turks was at first decisive.Agninst the left the charge was led most gallantly by the Agn in person, at the head of his Janisenries.Urging their horses at full speed down the declivity, and leaping the bagricade.behind which the French were entrenched, in a style which Lord Gardiner might envy, their first onset wan irresistible ; and if it had not heen for the orb in these reflections, Recognising in him one of the two, Who, but # short time before, had done the honours of the hous: and overwhelmed me with civitities, I hoped to be able to obtain, through his means, vome enlightenment on the subject that ve- roased my thoughts, The profound obscurity which reigned in the apartment prevented me from perceiving that he no longer wore the same hiarity-of countenance with which he had received me, otherwise I should probably have abetained from a request which} immediately made, that he would permit the window to be opened for the admission of light and air.Before opportuse aciival of Coneral D\u2019Arcine, with the 29th, the fortune of the day might have been different, and + Flodden had been Bannockburn I\" On the right, to, the Bey of Constantina, by creeping up some small ravines clothed with brushiwoad, ap- th proached unperceived within a hundred yards of the French line, fo and al} but achieved the capture of n park of artillery which was there posted.But among undisciplined troaps there is no surer prelude to ruin than a partial success, and at this moment General Lahitte\u2014 for the Count de Bourmont had contented himself with surveying the action trom th> beach with the aid of à telescope\u2014touk on himself\u2019 the responsibility of ordering the whole of the right wing to advance in echelon, xo as to coop up the Arab army between the two French divisions.This movement was completely suc- ecædul, although the left forgot to act meve'y as a pivot, and advanced simu\u2019tancously with the right.This error, which, with more skilful antagonists, might have been fatal, had in fact a happy result; and the barberians, broken and disheartened, retreated in the utmost disonter.The Eregrh,prmy bivouacked for the nighe in the Algerine camp ; and Fi heje general had pushed on immediately to Algiers, theré 18 fittte doubt be would have carried by a coup-de-main, VV But the Count de Boittmarit' was not a prompt, nor, as we have already hinted, a very couragoous seldicr.The battle of Saweli was fought and won on the 17th of June, at the distance of only four leagues from Algiers, but it was pot till the 28th that the French army was ordered to take Mount Bujareah, the summit of which commanded the capital.This important position was carried in a night skirmish, and rapid preparations were now made for investing Algiers itself.No nation in the world excels France in military engineering; and at daybreak on the 4th of July, the batteries of de Bourmont opened their fire at pointblank distance upon the devoted city, with splendid precision and effect.The dey and his janisaries fought like lions; but the fortifications of Algiers on the land side, erected merely with a view to the rude assaults of insurgent Arabs, were quite unfitted to withstand a scientific attack\u2014and the issue of the combat was not for a moment doubtful.By nine o'clock, the fire from the emperor's fort, which overhung the town, was silenced ; and the French engineers had already broken ground for new works against the remaining stronghold\u2014the Kassaubah\u2014when a flag of truce from the dey announced that he had abandoned the hopeless conflict, and suspended further operations.The terms which were granted the unfortunate old pirate, were more clement than he could reasonably have expected.His personal property was secured to bim, and he was permitted to retire to Naples, which he chose for his future residence.One article of the convention concluded on thia occasion is important ; as it must influence our opinion of the subsequent conduct of the French in Algeria.It is to this effoct\u2014 The exercise of the Mohammedan religion shall remain free : the liberty of the inhabitants of ail classes, their religion, property, commerce, and industry, shall receive no injury ; their women shall be respected ; \u201c re om na hi th to of art fallon.of God, who conducts souls int solitude, that he may speak with them!\u201d So saying, he abruptly left me.the words were finished, he interrupted me, exclaiming in à voice of thunder\u2014 \u201c How! wretched youth, thou complainest of the dark, whilst jou art living in the clouds of crror?Dost thou desire the light heaven, while thou rejected the light of the Catholic faith 1° Though I perceived remostrance would be useless, 1 replied, Know, if you are yet ignorant of it, that I have been sent here by Cardinal Castracani, for three days, for the purpose of receiving instruction, and not to be treated as a criminal,\u201d \u201c Fur three days,\u201d he re-umed, countesiviting my tone of voice, for three days ! that would be nothing.The dainty youth wili uot, forsooth, be roughly treated ; il remains to be seen whether he desires to be courteously entertained.Be converted, be converted, condemned woul; fortunate is it for thee that thou art come to this place.Thou wilt never quit it excepting with the uitence ! Among these silent shades canst thou editate at thy leisure upon the deplorable state into which thou Wace unto thee if thou refusest to listen to the voice al fuits of I remained alone, drogping under the weight of a misfortune, which was the more severe, because totally unexpected.1 stood, I know not how long, like a statue, in the same position in which the Jesuit had left me.On recovering from this lethargy, the first iden that presented itself was flight; but this thought was n saoner conceived fhan abandoned\u2014there was no possibility of ight.T gave myself np to my reflections, which were of the gloomiest character: not a single one could I find calculated to give me the slightest relief.In the meantime the miseries I endured were aggravated by e heat of the season, the wretchedness of the chamber, ecan- tiness of food, and the rough severity of those by whom I was occasionally visited.ment would be at an end almost drove me wild, and the first words addressed to the Jesuits who approached me were, \u201chave the kindness to tell me, if you know, when I shall be Uncertainty as to when this imprison- rmitted leave this place?\u201d One replied, « My son think of hell.\u201d 1 interrogated another ; the answer was, © Think, my son, how terrible is the death of a sinner!\u201d and one said to me, \u201c My son, what will be your feeling, if on the day of judgment you find yourself on the left hand of God ;\u201d the other, Paradise, my son, Paradise \u201d* No one gave me a direct answer; their object appeared to be to mystify and confound me, In to a third, to a fourth, Four sermons a day from the Jesuits on doctrinal divinity were a portion his prison discipline, in which, of coarse, protestant dectrincs were handled very severely, and those of the Church of Rome defended, or at ull events, palliated, besides other means takes to work un his feclings.One evening afler listening to a discourse Bled with dark images of death, I returned to my room, and found the light set upon the ground.T took it up, and approached the table to place it there, but what was my horror and consternation at beholding spread out upon it à whitened skeleton! Before the reader can the general takes this on his own responsibility.\u201d C10CCI\u2019S SUFFERINGS.We have given liberal extracts from this very interesting little book and «muet now pass over the ramainder more rapidly.In his eff rts to clude the artifices of his persecutors, Ciocci, like à young man, thought of enteresting the sympathies of a Jesuit named Miski in his favor, and at last succeeded in obtaining an interview.The Father Misei received me in the most benevolent and courteous manner, and sympathized in my misfortunes.I told comprehend my dismay, it iv necessary he should reflect for a moment on the peculiarities of childhood, especially in 3 Romish country, where children are seldom spoken to excepting insuper- stitious language, whether by their parents or teachers: and do- mestica adopt the same style to answer their own purposes, menacing their disobedient charges with hobgoblins, phantoms, and witches.Such images as these make a profound impression on tender minds, leaving a panic terror which the reasoning of| after years is oftcn unable entirely to efface.There can be no doubt but that this pernicious babit is the fruit of the noxious lant fostered in the Vatican.Rising generations must be rought up to superstitious terror, in order to render them sus- \u2014How can they know whether 1 eniploy it or not?Do they see me?At this thought I looked round to examine if there were not in the walls sume cunning inveation similar to the ear of Dionysius, in the prison of Syracuse.On raising ry cyes to the ceiling, I perceived that, though the ear might be wanting, there was open the vigilant Jesuitical eye, that is to eny, a bole three or four inches equare.| now let certain that all my movements were observed from thence ; but the knowledge of this did not induce me to make use of the discipline.A Scuierunr Masvan, Alphabetically and Systematically Arranged, designed 10 fucilitate the finding of Proof Texts.By Charles Simmons We take a peculiar pleasure in recommending this new work do our readers, as en invalusble * help,\u201d in consulting the oracles of God on any subject of doctrine or duty which come within the range of their teachings, The plan of work is itself (he best recommendation that çan, be given to it.It presents the reader with 600 distinct subj \u201cie arranged in alphabetical order through the volume, under cali which are collated the most appropriate passages of scripture which to prove or illustrate the point in question.It will at once béta, that such a work well executed, must be a labdrsaving expedient, to the student of the Bible, of great value.\u2014 Gaston\u2019s Collections\u201d \u2014a work of a similar character, though much lees perfect in its plan and execution\u2014hae been our manual for more than twenty years; and, in the work of collating scripture txts for preaching or Bible teaching, it has saved us at least three-fow ths of the time, which the use of a reference Bible or Concordance for the same purpose, would have cost.\u2014We would sooner dispense with any book in our library, the Bible excepted, than he deprived of its aid.It is the second book that should be sclected in the formation of a pastor\u2019s library.The Sunday school teacher, and the\u201dBible student, may dedve (rom it aid, in their respective departments, equally valuable and indispensible, The ¢ Scripture Manual\u201d is & volume of 550 large duodecimo which is sold at the invariable price of one dollar.\u2014 atchwan of the Valley.LITERARY NOTICES.(From the New Eaglander, for July.) The Musoxany Exvearsise\u2014a collection of dissourses où Christion Mie sions; by American Authors.Buston : Gould, Kendall & Lincoln, 1846.IF we desired to put into the hands of à foreigner « fair exhibition of the capacity and spirit of the American church, we would give bim this volume.You bave here thrown together a few Éccourses preached from time to time by difierent individuals of different denominations, as circumstances bave ds.manded them ; and you see the stature and feel the pulse of the American church in these discourses, with a certainty not to be mistaken.You soe the high talent of the Ameriean church.We ven.tare the assertion, that no mation in the world has the same amount of forceful, available talent, in its pulpit.The e directuess, scope, and intellectual spirit of the American choreh, is wonderful.It results, doubtless, in a great degree, from the peculiar position of the American mind,\u2014it being restless, impulsive, and kept at a heated pitch, by the newness of that position, and the conciousness of its as yet untasked energies ; and then, from the fact, thatthe social tendencies of the nation have forced most of thiu talent into the two fields of religion and politics, In politics, there is almost an infinite amount of talent at work; and from the pulpit may be selected specimens of eloquence, such as cannot be matched.In this book, the discourses by Dr.Beecher, Prest, Wayland, and the Rev.Dr.Stone him of my resolve to break the yoke which they would force upon me against my will.He spoke to me encouragingly-\u2014I cursed the monks, and he approved ; I waxed warm in the recital of the harshness with which 1 had been treated, and he feigned to be scized with holy indignation at the relation of my sufferings.He was nearly brought to tears ; but instead of tears he sent forth at intervals half-suppressed eighs, as though he would breathe out his tender soul and place it ia my hands.Enraptured with this exhibition of what I teok to be natural feeling, 1 believed I had at last found the thread of escape from this laby- vinth of trouble; I could have believed anything rather than this was a merc scene: being to answer certain ende.1 had not then read the history lof'#e Jesuits, nor knew that the text of St.Paul, 1 Cor.ix.234% F aotraféile all things to all men, that I might by all means save some, Matt becn interpreted by them in the impious sense of \u2014 The -end justifics the means; and that both in Japan and China the Jesuits had made themselves even ilolaters, in order that they might thus entice the people.\u2018The Jewnit advised him to wait ets two cardinale sucecanvely, to each of| whom he avowed what Rome ealie sretical opinions, and under prelenos of ending him for throe days to hear Sbeteinal lectures from the Jesuits, the Inst cardinal hat ho visited centigned him to prison in the menastery of 8.Bustbio.At the door of this monastery he was roosived with a profusion \u2018of eivili.ceptible as to every kind of absurdity; for this terror is the powerful pring employed by the priests and friar to move at their pleasure families, cities, provinces, nations.Although in families of the higher order this method of alarming infancy is much discountenanced, nevertheless it is impossible but that it should in some degree prevail in the nursery.Nor was it probable that I should escape this infectious malady, having passed my whole days in an atmosphere charged more than any other with that impure miasma, priesteraft.At the sight or this skeleton, my limbs trembled ; a cold perspiration stood on my forehead.Agitated and depressed hy the mournful tenor of the sermon, and by the agonizing reflections to which, for days past, I had been a prey, I regarded this spectre as 8 certain presage of approaching death.The candle fell from my hands, and was extinguished.The darkness which followed increased my fear; the skeleton seemed to stand erect, and to extend ; due fers ita arms towards me with a grim amile.| rushed wwards the door, 8nd the consequence is, that the missionary spirit enters large.but a8 I was making my way out hy the fight of a lamp that was|ly inte the character of its religion.; buming at the extremity of the or, F eaw before me anothér| This volume will have à wide circulation.spectre not less Frightlui, the Jesuit Giuliani.Thinking the occasion favourshle, be hastened, without delay, to strike the iron while hot ; and with this skeleton before him, delivered to me a lengthened discourse on death, nother evening, after a sermon on the judgment, a similar of the Episcopal church, are among the very highest exhibitions of logical compactness, and bursing popuisr fervor.We remember to have heard the one by Dr.Stone delivered ; and we thought it then, in point, ardor and grasp, beyond any simliar effort on a similar subject.We see also the spirit of the American church.Wrongs she tolerates, and érrord ake hekis with convulsive energy ; yet who fails to see, that horeyes are on the far off nations with longings for their salvation, und with.some corresponding efforts for their safety 7 It is past and paseo) of American piety, to think of those * stumbling wm dark sadsdistant mountains.\u201d The North calls to us\u2014the South, lifts har voice ; the east stretches forth her bands\u2014and thé.Iyjands of the Sea, over the hills of the West, are shouting their miseries.The present Christian ge.eration, in this country, has been educated into this knowledge ; .COUMUNIVATIONS.SKETCHES OF EMINENT CHRISTIAN LADIES.\u2014Ne.¥V.a.mid of which his perimantose was carried off uwporcelved, scene Was prepared forme ; but this second stratagem lost its effect, MRS.HANNAN MORE.; for I wus now in constant expectation of some « Fratata® or ; : \u201cWe traversed long corridors, tll we arrived at the door of an |other (% called in Rome, vis, the sacred representations em- (Continuad.) Apartment which they requested me toen d they themselves| played by the friars in thelr missions, ta overawe mrperstitions| Mrs.Hssnah More, together with her sisters, removed in + MOB to réti n opening the door 1 found Min a close dark minds, #14 th drave from weak women and hypocrites, declarations Barley Word.eo Weil known as ber residence hy all ier sdmivers.The 4 Hints towards forming the character of a young Privosss;\u201d isn tended for the benefit of the Princess Chatlitts, made its i\u201c 108, anonyrhously, and vas well recived by Royalty ami tire nébilty Shortly afjerwards Mss.Hannah More had a viry severe attaex of Pleuriay, by which she was incapacitated for the labours of the Press about two years.\u2018The sympathy exhibited on that occasion by all room, barely large enough for the Rule furniture it contained, which consisted of a smal hard bed \u2014hard as the conscience of an ifiquisitor\u2014a little table cut all over, and a dirty ill-used chair.The window, which was shut, and barred with iron, resisted sil my effurts to open it.My heart sunk within me, and I n to coxilate on the destiny that was in store for me ; but, notwith- of false companetibn and puerile converiions): The great picture of the universel judgment which was fixed in my room, during my absence, and rendered transparent by means of torches placed behind, vstend of causing! rae alarm, ther afforded me amusement ; for methought | could trace among the countenance\u2019 of the devils and the contlemnad, some strong resemblances standing all my misgivings, I could not persuade myself that the io the Jewaits, After this exhibition, | was doomed to listen to word of cardinal sou be broken.K length tho truth burst another tedious sermon, the condemnstion which would, Ein [ranke end professions, of ber fellow counteymen, show the bigh regard upon my mind, that possibly his words might casity verificd in [that great day, be pronounced: on me for sins which I believed in which she was held.On ber recovery appeared « Calebs in search sybil-like ubout| were not sins, but duties.\u2018 of à uvife,\u201d\u201d designed to pplant the frivolous trash thea prevalen among the circulating Libraries.This werk was ever more gvechonnig a contrary serve, and that there was something them.Had | not made to him an open av Al another time 1 found an instrument of discipline on my of my disbefel 1840 ~ - ived by the public than any of her preceding works.Edition af- a ws printed sod sold, and sill the demand was in- ng.TE wait] treatise on ¢ Practical Piety,\u201d was her next production, which was followed by her # Christian Morals,\u201d both extending over two vois.The beauties of these interesting wo.ks are universally acknowledged, suffice it to say, thet they have even maintained the greatest popularity.These were succeeded by \u201c\u2018 An Essay on the Cha- acter and Writings of St.Paul,\u201d in two vols, A delay was occasioned in sending forth this essay in consequence of à dreudful accident by which her life had nearly been terminated.Her shawl caught fire in her spariment, and on opening the door and calling for aid, on the {op of the stairs, she was enveloped in flames.She retreated to her toem from the current of air, «nd (he fise was s00n extinguished with eut any material injury, other than a great fright produced by the event.Death, that invader of all human bliss, now invades the loved family sircle of the aged sisters.Honoured and lamented they fall into the grave full of years and honour, until the affectionate Martha only is left to cheer her sister in this vale of tears.Nor was she to be apared long.[his amiable woman died shortly after the publication of he: sister's ¢ Moral Sketches of prevailing opinions and manners, Foreign and Domestic, with reflections on Prayer,\u201d and was lamented by al the inhabitants of Barley Wood and its vicinity, among whom her ge- morvsity was proverbial.In 1821 she published ber Bible Rhymes,\u201d 3 work very unassuming in is nature, although containing much that is excellent.lle: fast work,j or rather a compilation from het\u2019 ther works, pn the « Spirit of Prayer,\u201d was sent to the prets jé FTIR passed through four editioss in a year.Ce ged .Her residence at Barley Wood js \u2018afr ba, the scene of her generosity.It was here she received visiters copstantly from all parts; here she administered to the wants of the needy; and perfected plans of usefulness.Men of all opinions met here.Men of every denomination met here, free from controversial scruples, and conversed with one whom they all regarded, (in whatever else they differed), as one of the fold of Christ.Our author has been charged with bigotry, but we think the fact which we have just mentioned is sufficient to refute such an idea.She loved to hold friendly intercourse with John Foster, and with him discuss the various topics of their respective works.Rev.Robert Halt was regarded by her as the most eloquent of all preachers, while she afterwards aitended on the ministry of the Rev.Wm.Jay, of whese preaching she was very fond.That she was warmly attached 20 the Established Church, we freely admit, but she had too much native sense and genuine piety to entertain bigotry in her mind.We bave alluded to her hospitality and kinduess at Barley Wood, but our readers will be better able to judge of her mode of life from the following extract from a letter by Dr.Sprague of New York, « After travelling over a beautiful country, about nine miles, we found, by enquiry, that we were quite near the celebrated cottage, » sight of which, with its venerable inhabitant, was the object of our excursion, atid we soon turned out of the main road, and followed rather an obscure path for nearly a mile, till we reached Barley Wood.We were gratified to learn from the servant at the door that Mrs.M, .5 THE MONTREAL WITNESS, - very perfect, she assured ws she could not now recoliect the titles of ali her wo ks, and having occasion fo safer ta oue of them while we were sitting with ber, she looked up to the book case in which they ware, and said, * I do not remember the title, bu: it is something about Christianity, 1 believe.\u201d She presented me with her ast work on ihe Spisit of Prayer,\u2019 saying it was principally a compilation from her other werks, and was dictated to a friend while she was confined to her bed, and supposed herself near the gate of eternity, to send the work to the pres, though the sale of it should be limited to 50 copies, but 8,000 were disposed of in lew than six months.She also presented me with another work of hers which I had never seen before, entitled ¢ Hints toa young Princess,\u2019 and accounted tor its not having been p inted in America as her other works have been, from the fact that it was deemed inapplicable te our form of government, though she remarked that with the exception of 40 pages, it ap;dioa equally to the education of all females in the higher runks of life.Of the lute Princess Cliurlotte, for whose venefit it was paiticulsily designed, she spoke as a most amiable, accomplished, and promising character, and expressed the hope that she died the death of the righteous.Mrs.M.dissuaded her from learning music, on the ground that it would occupy time which might be employed by her in more important pursuits, and that it was unnecessary, masmuch as she could always have professors of eminence to perform in ber presence.She told us that the place on which she resides had been iu her possession 28 years, that when she purch «sed it, it was in a wild uncultivated state, and that whatever o.namental trees or shrubs we should see in walking over it, were planted by hier own hands.Awe passed round the enclosure, we saw at almost every step some monument of the taste of this wonderful woman.We were particularly struck with the wild beauty of à Druidiea! temple, as M:s.M.called it, made of knots of oak disposed in such a manner as to represent the most fanciful figures.Mrs.M.'s dwelling is a thatehied cottage standing in the d clivity of a gently siopiug verdant dale, and commanding a view of Bristol Channel, and a beautiful range of hills that skirt the distant ho izon.After going over her g ounds, we returned for a shoit time to her chamber, where she had provided refreshment for us, and where she again entertained us by her delightful conversation.On taking leave of her, she exp essed the kindest sentiments with an arr of unaffected humility ; desired me to remember her in my approaches to a throne of mercy, and added, that she attached great importance to intercessory prayer : that she felt that she was a poor creature who needed an interest in the prayers of God\u2019s people as much as any one.\u201d It is exceedingly painful to tum from the pleasing picture of her residence in Barley Wood to contemplate the perfidy that dtaws her thence.She bad been confined to her room about eight years, and the management of her domestic affairs was left to servants who had lulled their unsespecting mistress into petfect security by professions of religion.But her confidence was abused, and the secret corruption that prevailed among them was awful.On the discovery of their vilany she wept bitterly, With a faltering voice she exclaimed, what! Susan unfaithfel, who has lived with me so many years?Yes! And Timothy, whose relations I have fed and clothed?Yes! And Tedde, and Rebecca, and Jane?Yes, all What! not one faithful?The answer was, the whole are fuithless.© Thet,\u201d said the aged Hannah was in comparatively comfoitable health, as we had heard of her havi Hi, and were apprehegaive (hat she might till be too pacs open, Wa were seated for a few moments in the.parleur, the walls of which are nearly lined with the portraits of distinguished men, many of them Mrs.BPs.intimate friends.I sent up my letter of intreduction, and the servant soon returned with a \u2018request that we should walk into the apartment in which Mrs M.was sitting.When we entered the tooth she rose and shook hands with me in a familiar and pleasant manier, which made me forget the embarrassment in which I was prepared fo find myself on approaching so distinguished and exsited a character.She is rathersmall in stature, has a most regular and expressive countenance, and an eye which beams forth nothing but intelligence and benignity.She is now 83 years of age, and for the last five years has been confined to her room by bodily indisposition, except that in the summer season she has been occasionally carried out and drawn by ber servants in a band carriage about ber grounds.She soon spoke of her dear friend Mr.Wilberforce, in con- aexion with the letter which I had brodght from him, and when I told Ber that | had Intely spent a most delightful hour and a ball in his sompany, she replied, that she bad uo doubt it was aa hour and à balf spent near the threshhold of Heaven.She observed that Me.W.was one of her oldest friends, that his writiugs had produced à very benefi- ial effect on the higher circles in this country, and ¢ his prayess,\u201d said she, in my famity, when he is here, are heavenly.\u201d When lsemarked on the beautiful situation of Barley Woadyshesseplied, she would send Ber servant soon to eonduct us ever her litéiesdomatn, and requested that we would particularly notice a narbet that sive had erected in honour of John Locke, and another to \u201cthik ithbty of er ¢ dear friend Bishop Porteus.\u2019 © But,\u2019 said she, ¢yot Wild ist view thi different prospects which I have from my house.) Alter pointing out to us some of the many beautiful objects to be seen from the room in which we were sitting, she conducted us into an adjoining apartment, which was her sleeping room, and pointing to an am chair, \u2018 that chair,\u2019 said she, \u20ac 1 call my home, here,\u2019 looking out of a window \u2018is what I call my mora! object.You ses yonder distant hil} which limits the prospect in that direction; you see this tres dofore my window, directly in range of the hill.The tree, you observe, from being near appears higher than the hill which is distant, though the bills actually higher than the tres.Now this tree represents, to my mind, the objects of time ; that bill the objects of eternity ; tbe former like the tee from being viewed near at hand appear great; he latter like the Nill from being viewsd st a distance appear small\u201d Speaking of the enfeebled state of my health, which was the occasion of my present absence from home, sha advised me to be particularly on'my guard against wadue excitement, \u2018The disciples,\u2019 she observed, ¢ could sleep ia sorrow,\u2019 and she had found that she could sleep far better after a day of affiction, than after an interview which bad caused mvach excit- ment.Her own character through life; she said, (bad been marked by impatience, not the impatience which would lead fier to de peevish towards her servants and others around her, but that whish led \u2018ber to push on à work when she bad commenced it till it was completed ; and te this trait in ber character, especially, she attributed the fact of het Rarigg written 50 much.\u2019 She remarked that she had never been able de quote from her own writings ; that her companions would often reed % her paragraphs from them, and she did not recognize them as her More,