The Montreal witness, 26 octobre 1846, lundi 26 octobre 1846

[" \u2019 ONTREAL WITNESS - WEEKLY REVIEW AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER.VoL.1.THR RAYIRW.DRINKING USAGES IN BRITAIN.dounnat or Tux American Texrkzance Union.New York, Monthly.Se.per annum, To en American, or even « Canadian, visiting Britain, nothing strikes tbe mind more unfavorably then the universality of drinking customs and proeti i ind of soci hich ded.aie a here md that pot alone in tbe kind of society whic catholic principles with the temporance movement, that they It is reck- could secure success.continues to drink even on this side of the Atlantic, but among m.nisters of the gospel, and others eminent for religion and phitantiropy.oned nothing strange in England for instance tha the foremost champion of the Slave in Africa and America, should be engaged in a business which is the Rev.Dr.Cox, of Brooklyn, New York.the practicability of the reform of drunkards was much applau- MONTREAL, MONDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1846, The proceedings of Thursday, the filth, were commenced with the reading by she socretaries of several papers from Montreal and other parts of Canada, giving an account of the progress of temperance and morality in Canada.A resolution was offered, snd very eloquently sustained, by His speech on He believed that it was only by connecting religion on The Rev.E.N, Kirk next offered a resolution, condemnatory of the exportation of intoxicating liquor to the heathen.He enalaving bis own immediate neighbors by thousands und tens of thousands, Spoke well on that subject, and on the subject of missions, and Or ifs few ministers and other leading religious men?are invited to the house of one of their number, to consult about some missionary enterprise, it isreckoned ail right to keep circulating the wine bottle duiing the conference, \u2018These, and similar instances of devetedness to drinking customs, struck the writer very painfully whenever he had occasion to visit the Faiher.land, and the following extracts (rom the letters of the Rev.John Marsh, secretary of the American Temperance Uniom, published in the excellent journal of that association, will show that others receive similar impressions: \u2014 During our visit in London, much of our time was spent in the Evangelical Alliance\u2014s great assemblage of talent, accomplishment, eloquence, and piety.The union there formed by Christians of various denominations on the basis of evangelical doctrine, scaled by Christian love, was most heart-cheering.We looked upon the body, numbering about 1200, with pain only in one aspect, and that related to our enterprise, British ministers and British Christians are still, to a lamentable extent, bowing the knee to that Moloch, which is here annually devouring 60,000 immortal beings.Some indeed have adopted our principles, and are active in eur cause ; but they are fow in number.of the clergy took wine and might call excess, but to a found its way to their surface.(God gesmt that they may have ; we say not to what they Buckingham.address be sent out from this convention to Christian ministers of ull persuasions, and to Suaday school teachers, referred to Dr.Beecher, aud the otber to the Rev.T.Spencer.was seconded by soe thrilling statements from Hon.J.8.The Rev.Dr.Campbell suggested that an One was In the afternoon, Mr.Dunlop read a paper from Julius Jef: veys, Esq., proving thut fermented liquors was injurious to the constitution of man.in Loudon, and one hundred and sixty of those living in the provinces, was embodied in the document, stated, that in about two years he had embodied about seventy thousand youth in tetotal societies, and he offered some resolutions on the subject of procuring more medical certificates.The opinion of about eighty medical men Dr.Grindrod At the opening of the morning's session, on Friday, the 7th, Mr.Dunlop read a paper on the drinking usages of Great Bri.Alas ! tain, which nected most injuriously upon the inhabitants.He had a list of 300.On one small town, of three thousand inhabitants, they imposed a degrading tax of £26,800.Alter the Convention, Mr.Marsh visited various parts of England, Ire.lund, eng Scotland, and his remarks upon what he saw and heard arc to us At the dinner table, én each successive day, most |the ®t interesting portion of his letters, We came lo Bath, a lurge and beautiful city, where we stop- that, without difficulty, it fed to pay our respects to the Rev, Wm.Jay, but unfortunately e was absent, Having made an appointment, we hurried on i to the evil and the i int of thei ree to Bristol, where we were cordially received by some of our el eyes apd preaching that England may \u201cbo converted, and friends in the convention, and some of the most liberal and et doing the very thing which keeps England in the power of Toe vorsary boring active friends of the cause ju the kingdom\u2014friends whe for.for Christian union, and yet taking [warded £150 to London, to defray the expeases of the conven- re their system which is the great fomenter of all strife |tion.Here wo addressed an audience of about a thousand and division, and without which, we believe, wars would cease poeple, in the assembly rooms, N We were thankful that the American New York was received with loud cheering: under the whole heaven.The No License victory in As the anti-sla- mitisters by thefr example, end occasionally by a word, openly very spirit here runs high, we put the question whether they and utrongly rebuked them.Butsber, swt Sess and nor, zad Olte,-and |! asses of such men an (Would ia Bristol license à slave dealer.With deafening shouts Kisk, and others (who were making them fel the power of|license à spirit dealer.their talents, and the depth of their piety), filled only with wa- feeble.Wa thea asked whether thay would Some said, No, but the response was We told them to loek at the subject again, and their tor, formed a contrast to their own, which, could it Le contem- response would be diffèrent, for if their sons must fall into the plate sufficiently long, would inevitably \u201ccompel them to re- [hands of liquor sellers, and be made drunkards, it would be nounce the intoxicating poison, pts left to exclude the slave-holder from the Alliance.We be made slaves.co À violent effort was making worse for them, destroying, as it would, body aud soul, than to They thought if the peeplo here could have not but ask, Why not also exclude the manufacturer, |the privilege of voting, ss in New York, they would soon put vender, and consumer of intoxicating drinks, for which is the [away the spirit shops.On Saturday, the 15th, we were landed worst slavery\u2014that of the body, or that of the body and the from the steamer in Cork, and fortunately found father Mathew soul?Both are too horrid to have sufferance in the Christian at home.| ; i ineteenth cent nd should be frowned upon |out on cmperance excursions.He had that morning returned rega Church in the nineteenth century, and sho: ed upo oy Linmapelasee excursions.Ho bad that morning returned by the Christian ministry.Mr, Marsh cromed the Atlantic 10 sttend the Warld's Temperanoo Con.administered the pledge to 7000 people.: humble dwelling, vention, and though we cannot make room for hia lively aketeh of it, we insert the following paragraphs, chosen almost at randows : \u2014 First in the order of business, a paper was read hy Mr.He is now seldom thers, being almost continually He lives in a very Around his door were à great number of, oor and miserably clad people, waiting to take the pledge.© entered the lower room, which was full.Ina few moments he came in, and cordially welcomed us; but without delay, Boggs, the secretary, giving some of the most striking statistics turned to the waiting multitude (whe dropped upon their knees) of intemperance > among the rest, that, while the revenue of are annually spent for intoxiciting drinks ; that thirty thousand persons go to bed drunk every Saturday night in Glasgow ; that there was a diminished mortality in jails, owing to the absence of strong drinks, etc.ete.A resolution was introduced referring all statistical information to a committee, which brought out several valuable statements, both from Britain and fu nd bim af] we expoct very energetic man, throwing his whole soul into this great movement.and he places great reliance on the rising generation, who, he says, are coming up thorough tetotalers.Cork, which is full of people, many exhibiting marks of great poverty and degradation, but saw no drunkenness.i kere have taken the à public bouse ; and that out of teaniy.four thousand reclaimed a re and what re America.We showed, in particular, how the statistics of Mr.Chipman, and others we had gathered, influenced the elections in license question in the State of New York.Dr.Beecher and John Rutter, Esq., made some valuable observations on the importance of correct statistics.Mr.Hopwood, of York, observed, that, from returns procured by the British Aessocia- tion, it was ascertpined, that every seventeen houses supported characters, four thousand bad joined Christian churches, The Rev.T.Spencer gave in the statistics of London, as presented by Mr.Harris, in his Christian Citizen.then tn Irish, they repeating it after him.them never to violate it, and asked God te bless them, putting his hand upon the head of each, and crossing them in the Roman manner, testants, to their shame be it sf ments.lions, gathered in a period of about eight years ; but nian, the Kingdom is fifty-two millions sterling, sisty-two millions and giving them some kind and mast wholesome instruction, ly propounded to them the pledge, first in English, He then charged e solemni He persuaded us to dine with him, and thus ve us an opportunity to gain much of his acquaintance, We 4; en open hearted, benevolent, and He is confident it is now as prosperous as ever, We walked about 50,000 ledge.Moat of the spirit shops are a, have but few customers.\u2018The Pro- en, hinder him {n his move- Father Mathews roll-book now contains over six mil.\"A resolution was proposed by Lawrence Hoyworth, Esq., of Liverpool, 1 declarative of the fundamontsl principles on which the Temperance Refor.who have taken from him te Poe Et ad thelr mation is basod, upon which several speschies wore made, especially ons by interviews with him, and we accompanied funeral of a youth belonging to bis James Toure, & most uncompromising advocate of tetotelivn.im to an immense nd of juvenile tetotalers, Dr.Campbell, of London, made & lengthy speech, in which mo, thousand persons, at foust, followed to the grave ; all, he 5 condemned severely the spoech of James Teare, on the aid, tetotalers.In the evening he took us to & temperance immorality of the trafic; and said, if it was true, he should soiree, where we \u2018were fotroduced to the mayor, and several Lave to f° home and excommunicate balf bls church.Dr.active friends of the cause, and where we ploasantly spent a Campbel talked as some of the old ministqre in America did couple of hours in peaking and heariag speakers about tom.in 1893, The whole of the foremeon was thus occupied with perance in Ireland and Americs.statistics and kindred subjects.We esnnot close without strongly recommending the Journal of tbe In the sfiernoon the consideration of Mr.Heyworth\u2019s resolu.American Tex Union, pad à bly, in New Yock, ot 61, er, tion was resumed, snd Mr.lowards, Mr.Jones, Dr.Patton, and Rev.B.Parsons, author of Anti-Bacchus, He ably replied to the objection that we put temperance in liew of 1.poison out of the body, not sin out of the soul.The resolution was carried with only one dissenting voice\u2014a most important reyolition for the cause, spoken to by Mr.Clapp of America, iCton copies be taison, 50 coats per anna.DR.ARNOLD.Tetotalism 100k [yy Lire axp Connesroxpance or Tuowas Anvotp, D.D, Late Head-master of Rugby School.After à considerable faterval we ugain recur 9 thie valuable work for the Mr.Beggs, the secretary, read a purpose of showing how religion may be united with school education, a a even sting na scoreuk ofthe progress of trmpêrance I combination the prpies ky of which apse 1 bo abi by he po sent day, No 43 _ \u2014 Speaking of Dr.Arnold, thy author seye\u2014 The spirit in which he entered on the instruction of the school, constituting as it did the main business of the place, may perh best be understood from a particular exemplification of it in Cireunistances under which he introduced a prayer before the first lesson in the Sixth Form, over and above the general prayers read before the whole school.On the morning on which he fim used it he said, that he had beon much troubled to find thas the change from attendance on the death-bed of one of the boys in his house to his school-work had been very great: he though that there ought not to bemuch a contrast, and that it was probably: owing to the school-work not being sufficiently sanctified to God's glory ; that if it was made really a religious work, the transition to it from a death-bed would be slight : lie therefore intended for the future to offer a prayer before the first lesson, that the day\u2019s work might be undertaken and carried on solely to the glory of God and their improvement,\u2014that he might be the better enabled\u2019 to do his work.Under this feeling, all the lessons, in his eyes, and not only these which were more directly religious, were invested swith > moral characcer ; and his desire to mise the general standard of knowledge and application in the school was as great as if it had\u2019 been hix sole object.He introduced, with thin view, a variety of new regulations = contribated liberally himselfto the foundation of prizes and schalas- ships, as incentives to study, and gave up much of his leisure wo the extra labor of new examinations for the various forms, and of a yearly examination for the whole school, The spirit of industry which his method excited in his better scholars, and more or fers in the school at large, was considerable ; and it was often complained that their minds and constitutions were overworked by premature, exertion.Whether this was the case more at Rugby than in other schools, since the greater exertions generally required in all parts of education, it is difficult to determine.\u2018He dbim- self would never allow the truth of it, though maintaining that is would be a very great evil il it were so.The Greek union of the épird yvavaorecs With the doern povoren, he thought invaluable im education, and he held that the freedom of the sports of public schools was particularly favourable to it; and whenever he awe that boys were reading too much, he always remopstrated with them, relaxed their work, and if they were in the u per pari of the school, would invite them to his house in the ball year os the.holidays to refresh them.He had a strong belief in the general union of moral and intel Jectual excellence.And in the vase of boys his experience loë- which divers reasons may be given.One, and a very one, is, that ability puts a boy in sympathy with his tea the matter of his work, and in their delight in the works of grea: minds; whereas a dull boy has much more sympathy with the unerlucated, and others to whom animal enjoyments are all je ai\u201d?\u201cT am sure,\u201d he used to say, \u201c that in the case of boys the tations of intellect are not comparable to the temptations of duil- on > and he plien duelt on \u201c the fruit which I'above all things for, \u2014moral tho: ulness,\u2014the inquiring love of truth [0 along with the devoted love of goodneas.ne But for mere cleverness, whether in boys or men, he had nœ- rd.\u201c Mere intellectual acuteness,\u201d he used to say, in speak ing (for example) of lawyers, « divested an itis, in too many cases, of ail that in comprehensive and great and good, is 0 Ime mene revolting than the most helpless imbecility, seeming to be aircent like the spirit of Mephistophiles\u201d Often when seen in unie with moral depravity, he would be inclined to deny its existenen altogether; the generation of his scholars, to which he looked baek .with the greatest of pleasure, was not that which contained mess instances of individual talent, but that which had altogether worked: steadily and industriously.\u2018The university honors which Mis pupils obtained were very considerable, and at one time unrivalled - y any school in England, and he was unfeignedly delightedh whenever they occurred.But he never laid any stress them, and strongly deprecated any system which would encourage: the notion of their being the chief end to be answered by sehooïf education.He would often dwell on the curious alternations of cleverness or dulness in school generations, which seemed to fle all human calculation or exertion.\u201c What we ought to doris tom send ap boys who will not be plucked.\u201d A mere lodding hes was above all others encouraged by him, At Laleham he had once got out of patience, and spoken sharply to a kind, when the pupil looked up in bis face and sai , \u201c Why der th speak angrily, sir !\u2014indeed I am doing the best that I can.\u201d ears afterwards he used to tell the story to his children, audi æid, \u201cI never felt so much ashamed in my life\u2014that look snd.that speech E have never forgotien.\u201d And though it would ef course happen that clever boys, from a greater sympathy with his understanding, would be brought into closer intercourse with him, this did not affect hia feeling, notonly of respect, but of reveremee.to those who, without ability, were distinguiahed for high principe and industry.\u201cIf there be one thing on earth which is admirable, it is to see God\u2019s wisdom blessing an inferierity of natural powers, where they have honestly, truly, and coitivated.\u201d In speaking of a pupil of this character, be snes said, \u201cI would stand to that man Act in And ; and it wan bis feeling ster he departure of such an one that drew from him the most personal, perhape the only personal praise, which he ewer bestowed gn any boy in his Sermons.(Ses Sermon, vol iii.gp., 358, Thin being his general view, it remains to unfold hie idons of school instruction in detail 1.That classical studies should be the basis of intellecteal! teaching, he maintained from the first.\u201c The sédy &F language,\u201d ssid, \u201cpeers to me as if it was given for the ve purpose of forming the human mind in youth; and the G od Latin languages, in them: % perfect, and at the same me Geel him, he said, \u201c more and more to believe in their connexion, fer im from the inguperable diffculty which must attend a \u201cttrmpt » teach ilology through the medium of heir own ken pil of shine - 346 THE MONTREAL WITNESS.\u2014 language, seem the very instruments, by which this in to be effect-| star to guide the mothibe toi Kn'édéth blissful clime, Is it not her ed.\u201d But a comparison of his earlier and later Jetiers will show | wish tole whero hor habe ts?And will she not strive to pre.how much this epinien was strengthened in Lue years, and how, [pare herself fur its pure society! If the cares or sins of curth in some respects, lg ramrood te pasts of the.fiest arrival at Rughy-he bad altzred or discal of the most contemptible pretiinosses of the understanding\u201d « conver,\u201d Greek and Latin grammars in Englivh, which he introduced goon ster he came, he found were atended with a disadvantage, because the rales which in Latin fixed themselves iu tho boy's wemosies, when learsad is English were forgouen.The changes in his views resulted on the whole from his increasing conviction, that it was uot knowledee, hut the meaus of ny kuowlega which he liad to teach: re well as by his asing rease of the value of the ancient autho, as belonging really to a period of modern civilization like eur own: the feeling that in them, © with a perfect abstraction from those particular nantes and associatio sich ure for ever binssing our judgment in moderu aud dome.nees, the great principles of alt political questions, whether civil or ecclesiastical, are perfectly dis- | cussed and illustrated with entir.freedom, with most attractive elo- | quence, and with profoundest wisdom,\u201d (Sem.vol.ii Pref pe xiii.) From tim.to time, therefore, as in tie Journal of Education, (vol.vii.p.240,) whtere his reasons ure stated a: length, he raise ed his voice against the popular outcry, by which classical instrue- tion was at that time assailed.And it was, perhaps, not without a share in producing the subsequent reaction in its favour, that the one Head-master, wha, trom his political connexions and opinions, would have been supposed most likely to vield to the clamour, was the one who made the most deliberate and decided protest aginst it.2.But what was true of his union of new with old elements in the moral government of the scliool, applies no less Lo its intel- leetual management.He was the first Englishman who drew attention in our publie xcliovls to the historical, political, nod phite- sophical value of phil 1 of the ancient writers, ax didin- guished from the mere ve criticisus and elegant scholarship of the last century.And besides the general impulse which he gave to miscellaneous reading.both in the regular examinations aud by encouraging the tastes of particular boys for gooloay or other like: pursuits, he incorporated the study of Modern history, Modern nguages, and Mathematics into the work of the school, which | attempt, as it was the first of its kind, so it was al one time the chief topic of blame and praise in his system of instruction.The] reading of a considerable postion of modern history was effected without disticulty : but the endeavour to teach mathematics and modern languages, especially the latter, not as an optional appendage, but as a regular part of the school business, was beset with obstacles which rendered his plan less successful than he had anticipated ; though his wishes, especially for boys who were unable to reap the full advantage of classical studies, were, to a great extent answered.BEREAVED MOTHERS.Tue Brrrsu Moruess Magszixe, Edinburgh: W.P.Kennedy.Price Threcpence.We can scaroely recommené too highly the British Mothers\u2019 Maguzine to the attention of the mothers of Canada.The contents of the number before us form un inviting bill of farc, consisting of the following articles :\u2014 A Mother in Taracl; Science in the Nursery; Berved Mothers; April; A Child's First Studies; The Physical Education of Girls; Nolesun Serip- ture Lessons ; Infancy.\u2018The following eminently beautiful extract is from an address to a maternal association, by a lady who signs lierseif * Ann Jane ;* and whois a frequent contributor to the Mothers\u2019 Magazine.1f we mistake not, such writings as those of this highly.gifted lady are calculated not only tu do more good, but to affurd more real pleasure, than all that ever sucd from the pens of many much more eclebrated authors :\u2014 Afflictions are often the instruments of increasing and maturing the fruits of righteousness ; certain it is, they never leave us as they find us; either our hearts are made more holy by them, or they drive us further away from happiness and God.There was one who in early lite was written childless\u2014her three beautiful sons were taken from her in one week! and their places were never supplied.\u2018The little student of seven years was smitten while over his books, the second at his sports, the youngest on his mother\u2019s knee.The deepest Aumiliéy, the most earnest searchings of heart, were the immediate results of] this bereavement ; it dwelt on her mind that for some deficiency in her Christian character this chastisement had been appointed; the language of her contrite prayer was, \u201c Lord, what wilt thou have me to do?\u201d and he told her.She became a mother in Israel; a sleepless untiring benevolence was the strikin, lineament of her life ; and after the stroke of widowhood fell upon her, and she stood entirely alone, it seemed as if every vestige of selfishness was extinct, and that her whole existence was devoted to the good of others ; but particularly to children was she usefi), and was seen, we are told, at the age of fourscore and eight, beautiful through the goodness that never waxeth old.We huve read of a young mother who had newly buried her first-born, Her pastor went to visit her, and on finding her sweetly resigned, ho asked her how she had attained such resignation,\u2014she replied, \u201cI used to think of my hoy continually,\u2014whether sleeping or waking,\u2014to mo he scemed more beautiful than other children.1 was disappointed if\u2019 visitors omitted to praise his cyes, or his curls, or the robes that [ wrotght for him with my needle.At first I believed it the natural current of 8 mother\u2019s love.Then 1 feared it was pride, and'sought to humble myself before Ilim who resisteth, the proud.One night in dreams I thought an angel stood beside mo, und said, « Where is the little bud then nursest in thy bosom 1 I defi'vent to take it away?Where in thy little harp?Giveit to me?His like those which sound the praise of God in, heaven.\u201d awoke in tears; my beautiful boy drooped like a bod which the worm pierces ; his last wailing was like the sad mule from shattered harpatrings ; sll my world seemed goue ; till in my agony T listened, for there was a voice in my souly like the voice of the angel who had warned me, saying, * loveth « cheerful giver.' I laid my mouth in the dust and said, Let my will be thine; and as I arose, though the tear lay en my cheek, tiicre was à smile also, Since then (his voice has been\u201d heard amidst the duties of every day,\u2014methinke it says continually, * The chicerful giver, the cheerful giver * \u201d Il there not be seeds of goodness sown In the softened heat of a mother thus resigned 7 Her thoughts and affections God |ing in fadeless Netuty, watered by 0 bt sec jo title hand ain the victory, will OB sysop debian por #h rdud.To thic-use of reach po the skies, and bo guided by the dherub vaice Latin verse, which he hes been accustomed to regard as + one | which : am becoming,\u201d he said.\u201cnm my old age more and imore a dren in a form that shall not be injurious to then, so as to pre paps, \u2014* Oli mother, cume to me 1 And how important that ste should present the subject of death to our chil.vent-the feag pf death, if posstblo, fram taking possession of thpie litle mids, and then we shall not be uffaid to mil to them! of going up to dwell with gentle Jesus, which is fae better \"| when they are sick, and we may fear the sickness may be unto! death.' I know a teader mother who feels deep regret at this moment because she was unable to speak to her sweet little dying child of the place 10 which she was hastening.\u201cMamma,\u201d said the dear litle girl, * whore am [ going!\u201d Her mother\u2019s stricken heart was too tall to allow her to talk of the golden city, and the bright companions she was about to join ; wl it may he she lost some soul-chocring woris which might havo becna soluce to her bereaved heart, \u2018he spirit fled to à more congenial clime, and she knows now all she desired or wished below; but the mother mourns the lost opportunit\u201d, But, in onder to give to our children cheering and consoling views of death, ve must correct our own, We must make it the subject of daily contemplation, praying for divine grace to consider it as leading to tha consummation of our highest hope, \u2014the summons to arise and take upon us the nature of angels, as conducting to that end for which we were horn.We have seen and we have read with what calmness the righteous have passed away.Sometimes scarcely a feature has heen changed, ve ua thowght ruffled in the transition.Beda, while dictating from the Bible to his disciples, put Iris hand into the cold haut of death, und searcely felt its chilliness.Herder was writing a lym to the Deity, with his pen upon the lust line, when he passed into his presence.bo not think death is always attended by the extreme agony with which imagination invests it.The principle of corsciousnesa has often fled before some of the organs on which it hus been accustomed to act huve ceased to perform their functions, na the string of a harp may vibrate with a prolonged echo afler the hand that swept them has departed.I once stood by the dying bed of a dear fiend, who appeared te be in great suffering 5 but wo did not expect she would ever tell us how deep or slight those sufferings were.We thought we had heard fier voice for the last time.A few moments, however, after, she opened her eyes, and seeing all weeping around her, she sweetly smiled, and said, \u201cI do not suffer as you imagine : it is dying, but not pain\u2014I am very happy;\u201d and then, with a decp long last sigh, she joined her kindred spirits in the realms of bliss.Yet, admitting that the pangs of death transcend what have heen indured through life, how brief are they\u2014how unworthy to be compared to the glory that shail be revealed! Muy we not even suppose the happiness of] heaven to be heightened by the contrast, as the deep darkness of the shadowy vale yields to A day which knows no night.Pascal shid, \u201cthe glory of our faith shines with much greater brightness, by our passing to immortality through the shades of| death.\u201d We might go on to sny much more, for the subject grows upon us as we proceed ; but we fear you will go hone to weep again and say, * Ah, it is all very true ; but my sorrow is too deep, to allow me to take any comfort.\u201d Well, take one more instance of a mother\u2019s grief, and say, if you can, that your sorrow equalled here.One little sentence you may easily remember andrepeat to yourselves, when the floodgates of sorrow are opening.| hear you anxiously ask, \u201cwhat can that, sentence be 1\u201d Simply this, \u2014* There stood 8y the cross of Jesus his mother.\u201d You have never stood on such a spot, to see a child die! Where did she stand?By the cross.Could she reach her son\u2019s dying lips, to moisten them?No.Could she whisper a word of comfort in his ear?No,\u2014she stood by the cross.Who can describe that mother\u2019s sorrow?We have seen a mother watch the dying ngonies of a kind, a dutiful, an affectionate son\u2014an only son ; but he lay on a downy bed, and she wes not a widow, like Mary.Dear friends, let us, in our brief probation, live near the cross; then shall we think lightly of tho sorrows of earth, and joy in the thought, that, clad in robes of glory, we shall meet those to whom we have given birth, and nurtured sud borne upon our prayers in the midnight watch, and at the early dawn ; remember, too, that earth has uo sorrow that heaven cannot heal.\u201c Bear up\u2014despair not,\u201d says a sweet poet, for There is a land where beanty cannot fade, Nor sorrow dim the eye, Where true love shall not droop, nor be dismay\u2019d, Aud none shall ever die! Where is that lund\u2014O where 1 For | would hasten there.Tell me\u20141] fain would For | am wesried with beavy woe ! The beautiful have lelt me all alone, The true, the tender, from my path have gone! If thou dost know that land, O guide me with thy band ; or mm bardened with eppressive care, And Tam weak and (earful with despair.Where is it! tell me where.Friend, \u2014thou must trust in Jim whe trod tefore The desolate paths of life ; Must bear in uicekness, us fl» meekly bore, Sorrow, and pain, and strife} Think how the Son of God Th: se thorny path have trod 3 Think how longed ta go, .Yat tarried out for ince, the appointed woe, Think of Hee weariness in places dim, \u2018Where no mith comforted, or cared for + Think of the blood-like sweat With which His brow was wety\u2014 * Vet how lie prayed, ungided and sions In Mat great agony,\u2014\u201c Thy will one: \u2018\u201cPriend | do not thon desi, Clulst em Mis benien of hravers will bear thy prayer\u201d Boreayed mothers ! look up to the sinless land, whers the bisds that were blighted bythe chti blasts of earth, are bloom.the river of life which rises near the eternal throne, and gladdened by the cheering beams of the Son of righteousnes; hie shings forth in cloudless glory to make giad the city of God,\u201d You shall meet them where there is neither shade of infirmity, noe sigh of penitence, nor fssr, of change.Look up to that better land where all tears shall be wiped away ; and, whan In your heart's bitter wallings, you ask for sympathy and courage to go forward, \u2014think of that tr ti ! 1846 \u2018 COM UNTICATIONS AND ORIGINAL ARTICLES.SMPTE ILQOTRARIONS No.11, 1 cooeluded say last while on the satfect of salutation.One mode frequently i: th 1a the sacred writings is still to be seen every day in Jlindostan.\u201cHe fell upon his neck and kissed him.\u201d This salute of is more expressive of affection than respect, and is used among relations and intimate fribnds after they huve been some time separated fiom each other.They embrace leaning on each other\u2019s neck, and mutually kiss first one cheek and then the other, using at the same time some endearing or affectionate expression, as Homera Balie, (my brother.) & Two women shall be grinding at a mill,\u201d &.All the wheat used in India is made into flour by two women.\u201d The mili-stones are, I should think, fiom twenty inches to two feel in diameter, They squat on the ground on each side of them, holding a pin fastened near the circumference of the stone, which they use as a crank, while one of them feeds the mill with ber Jeft hand with handfulls of wheat through the eye of the upper stone.Hence arises tho cummand in the Mosaic law, which forbids taking in pawn the uppor or the nether mili- stone\u201d for money that might have been borrowed.Such a proceeding would, for a very small consideration, deprive the family of the means of subsistence.Taking the hint, some captains of Indiamen took ese mills and wheat to sea with them, and ground the flour required for (he ship\u2019s use daily.This prevented the possibility of sour or musty flour often fuund in all countriss, but more especially in the tropics.The flour so ground is afterwards bolted in a seive, by hand.This we find must have been tie case in England formerly.Sir John Falstaff, in depreciating the Holland shirts Dame Quickly made for him as filthy dowlas,\u201d\u201d adds: «[ gave them to Lakeis\u2019 wives, and they made boulters of them.\u201d I have learned lately that a steam grist mill has been established in Caleutta\u2014the only wheels, except cait wheels, I ever heard of being employed in our eastern empire.1 may edd that in ail rude nations where labour is of litle value, and money of great, the same kind of mill has obtained\u2014it is exiled in the celtic language a quern\u2014and I believe is not unknown in the highlands of Scotland, and in Ireland, at this day.« My sheep know my voice and follow me.\u201d This is a beautiful allusion, and is utterly lost on us occidentals.Our Saviour often compares Limself to a shepherd; but our ideas of driving, not leading sheep, entirely differ from those of the orientals.With us the shep- Iherd walks in rear of the sheep, forcing them forward by meaus of his dogs\u2014in fact, by intimidation.In the East, the sheepand their keap- ers are {riends, he knows every sheep in his flock, and calli each by his name, which they know as well as our dogs do theirs; he walks ia front of his flock, talking to then ali the while, and makes companions of them.I may here remark, that the sheep is a kindly and affectionate.animal, and that as a practical Canadian farmer, I can call them to me as far as my voice can be heard, which no man on my farm could, however well he imitated my voice ; they \u201cknow my voice, and will not follow a stranger,\u201d ¢ Eating with nnwashed hands.\u201d This is not so finical an objection as we .aight suppose.Asiatics (Chinese excepted) eat with their fingers, and it has often surprised me to ses a native compress a hagd- ful of boiled rice into a bolus, and plunk (you will undeistand the werd) it down his throat with the thumb of his right hand\u2014his left, while eating, being kept behind his back.Forks are of very modem date\u2014they were introduced into England by Tom Caryat, the podes- trian traveller (¢ the single-souled single-soled Odcombean leg-streteh- er\u201d) in the reign of Janes the first, and like all new inventions, met with the ridicule of the wits of the day\u2014Ben Johnson included.Some of his friends (?) called him furcifer, literally the carrier of a fark, but figuratively a scoundre! or gallows bird ; he, however, took it in good past, and called it «a pleasant quip.\u201d I am old enough to recollect (some half century ago) when old people in Scotland always ate their fish with their fingers, and insisted that they had a superior flavour devoured in this primitive way, than eaten in the modein mode with a fork.\u2018The origin of so, to us, horrible à usage, arose from this, that in their.early days when you asked your friends to dinner you thought that if you provided them with meat and drink, you did all that was incumbent upon you; the guesis brought their own knives and forks, which the gentlemen carried in à pocket such as thatin which a carpenter carries his rule, and the ladies, - who wore in those days no bustles, but in lieu thereof a pair of pockets of the size and shape of saddle-bags, in some corner of thege magazines; and having no change of implements, had they fitst ate their salmon wilh these, it would have given an unpleasant flavour to their mutton thereafter.« Strong drink.\u201d We find throughout the Bible a discrimination , made between * wine\u201d and ¢ strong drink.\u201d Some commentators suppose from this that as.distillation was known to the Arabs at sa early period, the Jews borrowed it from them.This explanatios I : consider by no means netemary ; in fact, it is begging the question.- In the East the sap of the date palm, (which the natives call tarry, and which we Europeans, with onrusua) tendency to transmute eastern words into onr own language, \u2018call toddy) when drank in the morning isa cold and pleasant beverage, but at night, having undergone the! process of vinous fermentation, becomes an highly intoxicating drink, on which I have seen the native heathen make themselves as beast Te druak as any Christian (?) gentleman could desire to be on rum ox brapdy.| With this fact before us, it is unnecessary fo suppose.that they bag=; rowed tbe means of intoxication frem the Arabs or any one.elsy, a ing they had it af thai own doors.Besides all this, it is possible they 4 might bave underelood makiag and using opinw, whigh produees-vone;, effects in the east (ban.spirituous liquors do in the west, and which + not coming unter the prophatls prohibition ie dhe Mussulman, nor the > caste probijtien 10: the: Mindeo; ia used: to: a\u2019 great extent by: blip those parties.eee \u201coi Tu Qe* mi: te HN atid a sal RECOLELECHIONS'OP HAV Lew os hoe Cima LU MS area aN rorv va fibn.Cotas i adie Ax near as T could caleülätés the population of, Caba 1h TSB wih bY million and # balf of soule, of wich the whites mors tian equplied! the slaved in number while slaves apddree bincks, toget , excotde ha whites) which da ee are dmwn upwards, The glorided spirit of the infant is as à dhort sentence, \u2014* Frere stood by the cross of Jesus Ms mother,\u201d * b 1 dlah Islands.In Jamaica, fot instance, if I remember tightly, 4 1846 proportions were 85 slaves, 10 free blacks, and 5 w hundred ; there is, therefore, litile present probability of Cuba, like the other West India Islands, falling entirely under the control of the African race.There is a large free emigration of whites to Cuba (as well as & forced one of blacks) of which [ saw an example in a ship from the Canary Islands, as inconveniently crowded with wretchedly Poor emigrants, as if she had been freighted in Londonderry or Sligo.\u2018These are perhaps 501d\u201d for their passage, as Germans to the United States were formerly, for I heard people say, « If you want a cheap wife, you may buy a Canary girl for thirty dollars!\u201d JUDICIARY, Without entering upon the composition of courts | ean state, that supreme judicial powers, both civil and criminal, are vested in the Captain General, and certain judicial powers in the olcaldes, and cap- talns of partidos (rural districts).A supreme court, or court of appeals, is held at Principe, in the centre of the island\u2014the capital containing & miserable population of 50,000 souts.In Spanish conrls, all proceedings are in writing.The testimony, however verbose or immaterial, must be written down, both question and answer, with a long formula to every separate deposition, and not only the pleadings,\u201d as the writen interlocutions of our lawyers are technically called, but all the arguments of the barristers, which are delivered viva voce in our courts, and the decisions of the judge on \u201cpoints raised,\u201d so that the writien proceedings in some cases that I was assured had been forty years in court, would make a large eart load, which I can readily believe, for [ onee looked over a case, only fairly commenced, and the proceedings already filled three great books, containing about five thousand closely written pages.I did not learn that Spanish judges, like Lord Bacon and some others of note, actually sold justice (or more properly injustice), but I was told they sometimes recefved handsome presents from sultors, which is very much like it ; for even among ourselves the ends of justice are not best advanced by too good an understanding between the judge and one party to à dis- pete.If anything, however, can excuse gratuities to a judge, it certainly should be when a suitor asks him to «take Up\u201d à case of forty years standing, or to «look into\u201d a cart load of written proceedings, and seek for truth hidden beneuth such a mass of contradictory verbiage.Criminal proceedings, on the contrary, are so admirably prompt that no one can complain of the law\u2019s delay or its uncertainty; for the Havana authorities, not placing reliance on our proverb, which engages that if sufficiency of line, or, vlgarly speaking, ¢ rope enough,\u201d be extended to a rogue, he will assuredly « hang himself,\u201d prefer in sailors phrase, to «bring him up with-a short tum.\u201d The prisoner, when arrested, is immediately waited on, in jail, by an escribamo (notary), who takes down his confession, with the depositions of the witwesses, who, that the ends of justice be not defeated (as they often ure with ts) are, if persons of dubious residence, confined also in prison.These depositions, duly certified, are laid before a board, presided over by Don Juan Jose de Ja Hita, Capitan de Infanteria, who, upon their merits, without seeing accused, accuser, or witnesses (who are aot confrouted), proceeds to passsentence.For minor felonies public flogging on the spot where the deed was committed, and a certain\u2019 number of years presidio, or bard labos fn