The Montreal witness, 5 septembre 1857, samedi 5 septembre 1857

[" rene XTNESS, COMMERCIAL REVIEW AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER.VOL.XIL MONTREAL, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1857.CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.Canadion Press, page 561,\u2014Public Immorality.\u2014 Presbyterian Union.\u2014The Wellaod Railway and the Western Trade.\u2014Canadian News.British Press, page 562 \u2014What the Catholic Church has Accomplished in Europe.\u2014Cheap Ocean Postage.\u2014Oause of the Failure of the Atlantic Telegraph.\u2014The Malicious Outrage in Dooegal.\u2014 British and Foreign News, .American Press, page 863.~Nova Scotia Correspon.denco of the New York Times.\u2014Ths Tract Society in Trouble.\u2014 American News.Witness Editorial, page 564.\u2014Continuation of British Nows.\u2014Ths Provincial Agriculture! and Manu- facturiog Exhibition \u2014Public Amusements.\u2014The Inlian Tnsucrection.\u2014Two Men Killed by a Bear.~The French Canadians in Illinois and the Hie- ratchy.\u2014The Hersld on Quack Advertisements.Editorial Notices, &r., poge 555.\u2014 The American Tract Society.\u2014 American Items.\u2014 Commercial Review.Literary Review, page 566.\u2014The London Quarterl: Roview.\u2014Lessona from Madeleine Smith's Trial, \u2014Subsidence of Coasts.Poelry, poge 857.\u2014The two Paths.Messenger Department, page 551\u2014You Dare Not!\u2014 Mount Tabor.\u2014Dying Wife to her Husband.\u2014 Good for Eril.\u2014A Story of the Battle-Field.\u2014 Sandwich [slands.) Canadian Press.PUBLIC IMMORALITY.(From the Christian Grardian,) Th rapid strides which our country has made of late, in the development atleast of public im- moralily, are satfisiant 10 excite sarious alarm in 139 minds of all wh) bsliave that a due regard for the moral precepts which Christianity enjoios, is tas only safeguard of public secarity and material prosperity.The acanes with whioh we are becom- mg sadly too familiar during the last few years especially, are by n° means calculated to inspire a very high dazres of fhopa for the future, uuless present asp-ets and tend+ncies are changed for the ter by a speedy re-sction upon the agencies that are now working disorder and ruin.But the moet alarming fenture of the times is, the impunit with which \u2018he worat of crimes can be committed, and the security upon which a certain class of of.fendars can reckon from the consequences of their evil deeds, so far as a proper administration law is concermed.We bare frequently referred to the demoralizing inflience Popery is exerting in the affairs of our country, and every fresh develope.ment ofthat eystem, shows it to be a grasping des- ism, and adverse to all that is essential to the 23 interests of the community.How far ite power for oril, or what is the same thing, the promotion ofits own selfish designs, has been felt in the Legislatare of Canada, the proceelings of that y for (ha last fow years, affurd ample proof; and the criminal jurisprudence of our country bears equally canclusive testimony, that Pupery regarde neither haman laws nor justice in matters which involve its awa interests.he disclosures that heve recontiy been made in connection with the railroad operations, deeply implicate certain persons in respectable positions, as pasties in transactions which, if the penalty of the 4Ws against such praclices were inflicted, wonld consign them to a place in the penitentiary, or to Boing othar kind of punishment ; and yet, so far from auffaring the just reward of their deeds, thay Tetain their positions in society, and are apparently regarded with the respect accorded to those whose claracters are unstained by any departures from the Pb of propria.y, and upright and honorable Sonduct, \u201ctig & aufiziently unfavorable indication of the state of public sentiment, when the administration of law is sn lax as to allow the guilty to go punished ; but it is sadly wores when the per- Krators of acts that should load them with ever- ting infamy, are regarded in no worse light than \"ooessful, though perhaps not very sorupulous Speculators on a Jarge scale ; and take their rank influence in the commuaity from the pecuniary Tesults of their iniquitous deeds, rather than from a 3ams and character soquited by upright, patriotio aad honorable conduct.ere are but few of our readers who are at all liar with the events of the last few years, or wt months, who will beat a loss 10 call up some 9 the practical illustrations to which these remarke ®t, and which bear evidence too conclusive, and ; ing of the national disgrace which thess sins aYolve, nalass there is an earnest effort to return ® ways of truth and righteousness.The first be P inthe desired and necessary reiormation must n in the selection of men of integrity to com- bose the Lagialature of our country ; men who or I sacrifice moral principal to the interest of w itical party, and who will use the influence of bod and power not merely to enact such laws as ri ential for tha public 3 but also to see .a : © laws are faithfully administered without re- thes bo Person, or parties, or creeds.It is high © that every person who has a voice in the man- tement of civil affaire, shonid (es! that be has à onal responsibility and concern in these maiters, \u2018at his\" voice shonld be heard in direct refer.ot to the inflaense which it may be made to pon the interests of public morality aad no res] patriot, and much less the Christian citizen, can be guiltless who allows his party association to disregard the more important and commanding requirements of that Christian morality which is the only sure basis of a netion\u2019s highest good, All other considerations should ba held as only secondary 10 the coatrulling influence of that wisdom and knowledge which ia the stability of the times, snd the strength of a penple\u2019s salvation.\u201d PRESBYTERIAN UNION.(By a Minister in connection with the Church of Scol- land in the Turonto Leader.) Preaby teria divisions in Canada are not matters of actual grievance but of sympathy.Perhaps this was the case even before 1854; certainly it is so now, There is a Canadian Church ia connection with the Scotch Establishment, because of affection for, and sympathy with the * Old Chdrch :\u201d there are many in Canada who glory in the stand taken at Edinburgh in 1843, and they connect themselves with the Free Church ; and there are also many descendants of seceders of à mor@ancient date who find (hemeelves in totaily altered cireumstances in Canada\u2014a country in which the Church und the State are essentially separate.It is of course natural that these sympathies should continus to be cherished.But can any Preshyterian reconcile it to his conscience to injure on account of them the cause of Presbyterianism itseli?With everything in common,\u2014with nothing to keep them apart, \u2014is it too much to hope that they will ere long form a strong and united Canadian Charch ?We do not write as theologians; we write as politicians, interested in the progress and happiness of the Province, Time was when Canada occupied a very different position in the mind of its inhabitants from that which it occapies now.It was once very liitle better than a mere station.People came here to make money intending to go home toEngland or Scotland to spend it.An absurd opinion was prevalent that Canada was not fit for permanent residence.Provincial exile was to be endured for as short a time as possible.[t was customary to scoff at and deride every thing Canadian.Perhaps all this showed narrowmindedness ; but it was to some extent justifiable.Our rulers| were thea mere agents of the Imperial authorities.Canada was a barbarous outpost of the Empire.When home sympathies in this conntry.But à complete change has taken place.The Province is beginning to assume & national aspect; and Presbyter- iana should take cognizance of this.We want to see the different branches of the Presbyterian Church, not Scotch, English, or Irish, but Canadian; and we hope to see them one Church instead of three.Unnecessary ecclesiastical divisions do much to weaken a coun'ry.They caure heart- burnings and jealousies.They keep apart many who should act together in a national spirit.Pres- bytetians are not only strong in nuinders in Canada, they have a fair share of the wealth, the energy and the respectability of the country.It is unfortunate that an influential religious body should be divided by absurd prejudices.If we were Presbyterian theologians, we are convinced that we would wish above all things Presbyterian union.But as politicians\u2014as Canadians\u2014we desire earnestly the morging of Preabyterians in one national Canadian Church.THE WELLAND RAILWAY AND THE WESTERN TRADE.The Hon.Mr.Merritt having called the attention of the Quebec Board of Trade to bis enterprise, to facilitate the transit trade between Lakes Erie and Oatario, that Board has commended the project 10 the support of the citizens of Quebec.The Quebec Chronicle, in the following article, explains the ground upon which the Welland Railway Company ask the co-operation of Quebec :\u2014 In the first place, it is shewn that the immense and rapidly increasing trade of the Western States centres upon lake Erie, whence it takes either the direction of the St.Lawrence, by the Welland Cenal, or is carried to New York, over the Erie Canal and New York railways, For several years, the movement of Western produce continued to increase by the former over the Iaiter route, and, in 1853, it actually exceeded that by the American channel, having reached 6,468,000 bushels,agsinst 5,425,000 on the Erie.Since this period, however, the gradual and constant introduction of a larger class of vessels than those navigating the Welland Canal has diverted the trade again, in favor of the New York routes.A table sppended to tbe map published by the Welland Railway Company, ard which is also to be found in the Report of the Board of Works for 1856, fully explains the case.At the ave rates of freight, twelve and a half cents per bushel, from Chicago to Buffale, the following appear tobe the comparative earnings of the two classes of vessels :\u2014 Gross Ropts.Expenses, Nett.Large Vessels, 600 tons.$3505 .$905 00 .$1600 Son: \u201c 300 % .$1237 50 .$T37 50 .$ 500 Diffarence.\u2026.81267 80 .$167 50 .$1100 This difference on à cargo of 20,000 bushels is five and a half cents per bushel.To prove that these data are correct, we are next furnished with a Cire oular from the Secretary of the Company, exhibiting extracts from the official trade aud revenue returns for 1856.During that year, the total move ment of tonnage to and from Lake Kris, by the this was the case it was fair enough to carry out| ff, \u2014 American channels, was 6,634,000 tons, of which 4 022,617 had bean carried by the Erie Canal, and the remainder by railway ; while thers had been conveyed bothways, on the Wailaad Canal, but 976,656 tons, and on 1he St.Lawrence only 594,755 tues.\u2018To remedy this eneg'al state of things, the Welland Railway has been commenced, and is now in a fair stale of forwardaess, and if the transportation betwesn the Lakes can be affected atthe prices stated in the prospectus, namely thres cents per bushel, we conceive there witl be no difficaity in regaining for the St.Lawrence route a portion of the immense trade of the Western States.Once afloat on Lake Ontario, we are satified that the leng:h of our inland water communications, against which no artificial channels can successfully compete, will secure to us the larger portion of these shipments ; aud as the harbor of Quebec affords,\u2014 | at lsaat during six months of the year,\u2014euperior facilities for sea-guing vessels, we are confident that British enterprise will promptly provide abundant tonnage, in screw steamers, for the traospor- tation to Europe of the products of the Western world.CANADIAN NEWS.SCHINNEAR ÎCEBTRO sUPPOSED To BE Lost wWiTu ALL ON Buann.\u2014Tne achooner \u2018 Iceberz,\u201d* sage the Osweg» Times of Monday, with a cargo of coal from Cleveland for Kiugston, left the Welland Canal oa the 12th, since which time noihing has been heard of her, and it is supposed she is lost with all oa board \u2014probably in the gale of the 17th.P* The « Iceberg?\u2019 was built at Kingston, last spring, by Dr.Rie, who intended to art out with her next season for tha Arctic region, in search of Sir John Fraoktin-\u2014 Herald.Ter MruiTanv.\u2014Mr.Blenerhassett of the 39:h, one of the trio who hava disgraced their profession and the country whom they serve, has been committed to jail, failing to find bail, to appear and answer a charge of assaulting a bailiff in the exe-! ction of his dity.Another officer who claims to\u2019 hail from the 63rd regiment, snd has been going it very fast for some time back, has been arrested by his creditors and 8 now in jail.\u2014 Transcript.SH00TIKe WiTR INTENT TO MURDER.\u2014 On Friday evening, last past, a man named Hagan, the same sagan who was last tried fur he murder of Cor- rigan at St.Sylvester, was brought to town aud committed to prison, charged with the crime of Shooting at a French Canadian farmer, named Turcotte.From what we conid learn of the circumstances in connection with the affair, it appears that Hagan had made a conveyance to Mr.O\u2019Farreli, his counsel on the occasion of the former trial, of all right and title to a farm, of which he was proprietor.This farm was purchased from Mr.O'Farrell by the French Canadian farmer above mentioned, and on hia proceeding to take possession of his purchase, Hagan committed the crime for which he is now in custody.Will this litle incident tend to give greater plausibility to the report of the Coramissioners of Enquiry 1\u2014 Quebec Gazette.OPENING oF THE NEW CHURCH AT OmiLLia.\u2014 Weare much gratified to learn that the new Church (St.James\") at Orillia, was opened for divine service on fast Sunday week.The service was performed by the Incumbent, the Rev.T.Read, assisted by the Rev.Mr.Brough, of London, and the Rev.Dr.Adamson, of Toronto.The Church itself is a very handsome building, being built of stone,in the early English style, with a high pitched roof and narrow lancet windows, the roof internally being open, showing the frame work, which ia of ine stained ond varnished.Both the East and est windows are of stained Slane, the former being given by Dr.Bovell and Mesars.Brown, of Toronto, and the latter by a few members of the Congregation; both are very beautiful, and add greatly to the chaste and elegant effect of the interior.The East window is said to ba the finest specimen of stained glass in British America, the emblems and devices being so perfect.\u2014 Barrie erald.U.P.Cuomct.\u2014The United Presbyterian Church in Galt was opened for Divine Worship on Sabbaib lest, by the Rev.William Ormistown of Hamilton, who preached forenoon and evening to crowded and attentive audiences.Hundreds of people anxious to hear the prearher were unable to get within the doors.The collection ou the occasion was £22, \u2014 Reporter.U.P.Divinert Hazc.\u2014Next session of the Hall will (D.V.) be opened in Gould Street Church, Torento, on Tuesday, 20tb October, at 7 P.M., the Synod\u2019s Committee on Theologioal Education will meet the same evening at 8 o\u2019clock.Itis hoped that Presbyteries having students under their inspection, will endeavour to arrange their times of meeting for examination, &e., so as to allow students to be present at the begioning of the Session, and not reqnire them to leave till the close, an the second Thursday of April next.\u2014 Canadian U.P.Magazine.Mone Paresrs.\u2014 The Catholic Citizen says that the following batch of new priests, have lately ac- rived in Canada, sent out by Dr.Charbonnel.\u201d For the diocese of Toronto, Rev.Mr.Labaudy, Priest ; Rev.Mr.Coyao, Subdeacon; Mr.Juhel, in minor orders ; Mr.Gibbon, lonsured ; Me.O\u2019Shea, layman.For the diooese of London, Rev.Mr.Fra- ohon, Priest; Mr.Wasserau, in minor otdera ; Mr.Gerard, teasured ; Mr.Wagner, tonsured.For the = diocese of Hamilton, Rev.Me.Funken, Priest Rev.Mr, Lauseier, Sabdeacon ; Mr.Glowaski, in minor orders.Arpaxss To à Pairst.\u2014The Rev.J.Byrne, à Roman Catholic priest, on the occasion of his re- \u2018moval (rom 'he township of Renfrew to St.Joseph's | College, in Ottawa city, was presented with an address by the Protestaut inhabitants, in which they congratulated him npon his successful endeavours in allaying the hostile feslings which hitherto exiet- ed between bis church and the various Protestant derominatior.s to which the presenters belonged.His Rrverence, in reply, said that there was in Canada the materials with which to build upa great nation : the mildness aud politeness of the French, \u2014the bravery and generosity of ihe Irish ;\u2014the persavering industry and economy of the Scotch, \u2014(but he forgot to say something of ihe pecaliar qualities of the English) would, if wisely cemented, make Canada one of the most flourishing and powerful nations of the earth.\u2014 Kingston News.Saszati DesxcraTion.\u2014A correspondent of the Christian Guardian at Wardsviile writes thus in regard to the annoyance caused by Sabbath traine on the Great Western Railroad :\u2014 [ have no wish to make an article for the Gaurdian, but to enter my solemn protest against this continual Sabbath dese- |eration on the Great Western.Week after week we are unnoyed in this way.Notwithstanding the warnings and the promises which have bres made, | yesterday, the Sih instant, at least two trains passed on this line; one a large and beavy freight train «red Bothwell stalion about noon going west.It wanythiag but pleasant on leaving the Lord\u2019s house on the Lord\u2019s day to see or hear such.Your voice bas been often heard on this matter, and [ hope you will continue to lift up the voice until those in power and authority are made to feel.\u201d Tue Late GALE 1% TRE GULP.\u2014 À subscription for the relief of ihe families of the Fishermen lost in the late gale, has been opened in this County, by some humace persons, and a handsome sum already realised, It has been a sad calamity, and we trust the generous and bumane in other parts of the Province will contribute to the relief of the widows d orphans caused by this dispensation of Providence.We learned in the early part of the week, (that sixty-three persons we:e ascertaived to bave been drowned.The destruction of the boats in- j volved & heavy loss of property.~Mramichi Gleaner.Svicipe.\u2014A School Teacher by the name of W.G.King, was found dead in his bed, on Tuesday last, in the township of Oneids, about three miles from this village, Coroner McPherson held an in- quest on the body, and the jury broughtin a verdict, + That the decersed, W.G.ing, died between Sundey evening last and Tuesday afiernoon, in the house occupred by him, in consequence of a poisonous dose of morphia, which was administered by bis cwn band ; and further that the said i morphia was purchased at the Drug Store of A.C.i Buck, in Caledonia, and that the package contain.|ing said morphia was properly labelled \u201c Poison,\u2019 {as the law directs.\u201d e deceased was addicted to iniemperance, which probably was the cause of | pis taking bis own life.\u2014 Caledonia Sachem.; Tae rave Bank Romeary 1x New Brunswick, \u2018=[t hus come to our knowledge that, some four mouths ago, a bank robbery to the amount of $100,- 000, in notes and gold, was committed in one of the sister provinces.The directors thought it the most prudent course to keep the matter quiet.They, therefore, sent to Buffalo for a detective officer, who went quickly to work and ultimate) \"succeeded in tracing the crime to some of the cri- { minals engaged in the act.By this process, nearly the whole of the money has, we understand, been recovered ; and will, when demanded, be paid (over tu the owners.We are not at liberty to give details at present ; but we must say that the officer who performed this service for the bank deserves the very highest credit.\u2014 Toronto Leader.Daixxixo sy Command !\u2014 The Militia authorities should inquire into the proceedings of certain {officers at St.Marys, in the County of Perth, who, {if the local papers represent the case correctly, richly deserve a repriciand to say the least.Several parties were fined for « disobedience,\u201d because they refused to remain on the ground to drink the health of their colonel! We quote from the St.Mary's Journal :\u2014¢ William Mcintosh was charged with disobeying orders.He said that be bad obeyed all the orders of the Captain, until the { Captain informed him the business of the day was finished, whereupon he thought that, if such was ,the case, there conid be no further possible use for him there.Accordingly he left the ranks, whea he was called back by ihe Captain, and informed that the company would be immediately dismissed after they had, drank the health of the Colonel and the other officers.He said he did not want any liguor, and went off.He was fined 1s and costs.© were not until now aware, that the Militig law, with which the Coalition biessed the country, vides punishment for those who decline te Sok whiskey in honour of their officers | If fines can be im for disobedience to such orders, and we might add, such officers, it is high time fot the blio to consider the matter.So fac as we can judge, the present Militia law und ite whiske: \u201ctrainings\u201d are a nuisance.Little knowledge is imparted likely to be useful either in peace or war, On the contrary, muoh valuable time ie evil habite are induced sad the whole community injared.\u2014 Globe. 562 THE MONTREAL WITNESS.British Press, WHAT THE CATHOLIC CHURCH HAS ACCOMPLISHED IN EUROPE (From the London Peet.) The present condition of Belgium, Naples and Spain, respectively oflers a very instructive lesson to the student of political philosophy, and furnishes a siriking commentary upon the workings of the Church of Rume and the effects of her system and elensions upon the prosperity of nations, In Bagram intrigue hus nesriy overihrown the of the kiug:tum, and only 1he fact that they ure constitutionally guverned bas kept the Belgrans from the aiter«ative of revoiutiun or blind eubjee- tien to priestly domination in the matter of testamentary bequests.In Naples a concordat binds fast the hotd of the Church upon the institutions, sach as Lhey are, of the couniry, and robs libeny of the single ray of hope thai remained to bless it.In Spain the grandeur and energy of 1hat once ai nation are gone, and bad government and |; ios politicians prey upon an apathetic and divided people.Thers is à common principle at the root of 1hese lhree evils aud forms of evils.Wa shall not find it in their modes of goverument, for they are different ; nor in tbe personal character of the sovereigns, for tbey are too diverse to be com ; uor in the accidents of buth and race, for they are wholly unlike.But we shall find it in the daugeruus poliical element that Rome baa infoeed ioto ber modern theology.The Roman Chureh predomtoates in the three countsies.li is the religion of the S:ate in two of them, and of the majority of the people in the third.low, there 8 no evil more injurons te 1be welfare of a country than the existence of an in- finential budy uf men, like the Roman priestnood, : urogating 10 themselves and their hieraichy a pre- osdence over all secular authority, inculcaling principles subversive of the civil rights of the people, compassing by intrigue what they cancol schieve by miimidation, aud undermining public morality by propoundiog luoes notions respecting the obliga-ion of promises and tba boaes of ci izen- ship.oe pretentions of the Church of Rome in the matter of supremacy invariably lead 10 mis chief.Eicher they enslave a nation in servile concession, as in Naples, or provoke open rebellion, as in Belgium.The ascendanes of the Romish priesthood io Belgiom has been known for many years.\u2014 The revolution which gave to that country its present Constiintion placed à check for à while upon their intolerable ambi iun and arrogant assestions uf influence.But time has helped (hem, and, litle by litle, by private and personal influence or by intrigues at elections, they have succeeded in packing the house of Repre-entalives with a majority of their own nominees.Uur readers know to what ject this maj.iriy has recently devoled itself ; they will remember, too, the effurts made rome mouths which called forth the Dod M \u2018erhæger at the upening uf the Chaasber, ose have Created \u20ac cong ro premion on the minds of the people, and precipitated a contest between sacer- dowal supremacy and the rights cf the States snd the people, which only the wisdom of the King and the provid nt terms of the Constitution succeeded inqueeling.Wberover Romanism is the established, religion of the cudnlry some precautionery mea- | sures bave usually been taken against opiritual| oXaction ; aod i' bas been found necersary 10 prohibit corporate bodies from accepting testamentary bequests beyond a certain limit.This probibitieg, though ofien taciily acquiesced in by the upholders! of the worldly ambition of the Roman Sce, has always been most repugnant to theis real feelings, 30d they have praportionately labored for a repeal or defeat wherever it has prevailed.In following out this aim at Brussels the Romanists have overreached themselves.They bave gone t© fast.\u2014 The people have detected under this project de lof agrest blow simed at their national iodepend- ence, à growing desire to enrich the Church by underhand means, and a steady efurt to cast over board the resiraints which ihe State for pru tential 10 106s has imposed upon the Church.The triomph of tbe Ultramontane party was but momentary, \u2014 The instinct of patriousm came to the rescue, and public opinion\u2014right io this case\u2014riumphed.\u2014 Toe Belgians bave for years acquiesced in ih discipline of the Romish Church, and the prieats have held undisputed sway within ihe domain of private and nal influence.Bat the torn in the tide 29 at length come, and the Belgians prove themselves not quite the weuk and docile people they were represented.It has been usual to point 1 Dat Kingdom asa set-off against Spain and lily, and is an instance of a thriving community with a Roman Creed.But Belgium is now added to the Countries that have been wise in time, and have resisted.before it grew 100 strong, the onward march of the Unsram.ntane movement.Spain, on the other band, exhibits a striking iBustration of s kingdom which, though possessed of unbounded natural advantages, has jost all, or pearly all, by ber blind submusion toa Church that worldly, a theology that is immoral, and a Jriestbood ibst is intriguing.Her intellectual reedom is porniyzod, ber national resources are de- ; and though once the est State in Bae, «be is reduced to little more than a nominal existence smongst the great Powers.Naples, again, is sneber instance.Ireland, nearer beme, is Dot withoat her lessons.In ali these we learn the seme ireib ~ that Romanism, however inuocu- oùs es a faith, is, as 8 power, inimical to liberty, free government, and 10 the prosperity of States.The interna} affairs of the smatler countries rarely attract the attention of the world, but when great principles ave involved they become matters general interest, aod especially to us who have encountered similar dangers, and maintained a successful stand against encroachments which had their origin in the middle ages, and bad never bron modified by the ox of later times.The course takes b the Belgians must win the sdmiration ! England, 26 that of the Kiog bas deservedly won the regard of his sabjeca.ions of Rome, what- over their form, must stayed, or the cause of liberty cannot be upheld.Ail experience, as well ae a priori reasoning, shows that Roman aggression and national prosperity are the antithesie of each other, 80d cannot co-exist.CHEAP OCEAN POSTAGE.(From a Leadon Paper) Cheap pos/age is the blessing that should accompany the rolegraph.It would be as great a buon to the inhabianue of both lande ns the telegraph will be to the statesman and capitalist.By the tele, raph and cheap postage combined all classes would denefited, and to an incalcuiable degree.It is true, à reduction in the rate of pcsiage would not leason the time required for 1he interchange of letters ; but by dimimistiing their cost it would in- cresse their frequency and lengih, and would extend the advantages of epistolatory communication to multitudes who are now prohibited from enjoying them, À reform has long been needed, and ublic opinion has repeatedly pronounced fn ite favor, bere is nothing which would have a more beneficial effect upon this country, and its North American colonies, bpon our relations with the Uuited States, and upon commercial interests and the interests of peace throughout the world.Should the postage of letters from towna in Britain to towns in North America be reduced from one shilling, at which il now stands, to threepence, the benefits that would accrue to our trade with America would be incalculable, and the effect the reform would have in promoting kindliness and friendship between the two siter nations of the Noith American Continent, Canada and the United States, and their common mother, would be greater than cau readily be imagined.Of all the thousands of emigracts who annually leave our shores for foreign homes, by far the greater number go to America.In the ten years ending with 1852, the total number of emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland was 2,142,686, of whom no less 3 number than 1,909,541 went to Canada and the United Stares.To most of these emigrants the shilling rate is abeolutely destructive of correspondence.A few are able to write once a quarter, or once à year, to their friends left behind in the old country, but the majority never ssed home more than ons leiter, if that ; and being in à country ont very dissimilar (rom their own, with English laws, langonge and religion, they soon become Gimly attached to it, and alienated from the country they left.To à very great extent these ill effects would be obviated by a\u201d cheap postage.A new and constantly increasing correspondence would arise, and would knit together the iwo lands in bonds firmer even than those which community of speech, literature, and laws, is of itself able tu produce.That this reduced postage would \u201c pay\u201d has, of late years, been abundantly demonstrated.It woud pay, even though the enormous subsidies annually paid to the companies who undertake to carry the mails by their packets should continue, although if the service were thrown open to public competition it would be performed quite as well for far less money.An additional argurgent to all those which bave hitherto been adduced Bn this point, may be found in the fact that during the last ten years the number of letier: that have passed between Great Britain and tbe U.S.have.without any reduction of postage, increased fourfold.This fact will show how great an increase might be expected if a three- peuny rata were substituted for the present shilling one.We say a threepenny rate, for we object to making postal reforms by helves.The benefits that accrue from them are greatly enhanced by making the [ull reform at once.The colonial six- penny rate is & great boon, and is found to pay ; but bad the rate been reduced still lower, as we trust it will some day be, the benefits conferred by the reform would bave been more palatable, and the Post-office would bave been sooner reimbursed.Hence, when the American rate is reduced, We trust the largest possible concessivn will be made, and it is oor hope that the electric telegraph scheme, which to the regret of everybody has failed for the hour, will notonly be prosecuted with redoubled zeal, but will be accompanied by demands for that which cen much more easily be effected, a Rowland Hill postage reform for America and England.CAUSES OF THE FAILURE OF THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH.(From London News.) The first attempt to connect the New World with the Old by means of the Submarine Telegraph has proved a failore.In this result there is much cause for immediate regret\u2014none for permanent discouragement.The Atlantic will not be annibileted this year, but the success of the great| s excariment is only postponed for a season.Our readers will remember Lhe elaborate accounts with which we have from time to time presented them, of the marufa:ture and stowage of the 2,500 miles of cable destined 10 stretch from shore 10 shore along the bottom of the Atlantic main.They will uot have forgotten the report of that characteristio meeting at Valentia under the genial presidency of Lord Carlisle, when every topic of allusion aud amplification that could Hou ly be pressed into the service was lavishly devoted'to the purpose of speeding the greal enterprise on its wy with sp- propriate rhetorical embellishments.The original plan of laying down the cable had been (hat the &$ Agamemnon®\u201d and \u201cNiagara,\u201d each with half the length of cable on y shonld proceed to an agreed point in the mid-Atlantic, effect a jur.ction between the two detached portions of the line, and thence steam in opposite directions, eastward tol Ireland and westward to Newfoundland.This plac was abandoned and it was determined that the entire length of the vast coil should be spread along the ocean bottom from west to east in one continuous operation.From Valentin harbor the great ships set forth, the American fri # Niagara\u201d having the task sssigned her of ¢ paying out\u201d the first portion of the cable.She was waited on through the ocean by the « Susquehanna ;* the famous * Agamemnon,\u201d her partner io the great enterprise, was attended in like manner by the \u201c Cyclops\u201d and the \u201cLeopard.\u201d The first start was an unlucky one.À fracture took place at the distanes of less than occasioned vas speedy paired: andi 8 I i was speedily repaired, and the five I vosoels again on Baturday, the &b of August, ugo san.: 1! Into the Atlantic, Till tbe Monday \u2018 thus following all went on usly, The weather wes favorable, the miohirery worked admirably, a depth of 2,000 fathoms hud been rvached, and communications with Valentin were kept up with- oul interruption.On the Monday evening a bosvy awell set in, and a powerful under-curreut was ex- rienced.This increased through (he night of onday and the early morning of Tuesday.At about 34 o\u2019clock on the Tuesday murung it was found that though ihe verse] was only making some thie or {our kuots an hour, the ogble wue ying out five, six, and sunutimes even seven boues At this rate it was obvious that the quan- ty of wire ou board would be exhausted before the Newfoundland shore was reached.It became necessary to tighten the strain on the cable, and this wae cordingly done til the pressure reached 3,000 pounds.This was a1 3} on the Tuesday morning.There was a heavy swell running at the moment thet the full increased prwer was thus ut on the break ; the aiern of the \u2018 Niugara\u201d was low down in the trough of the ses.Asshe rose on the back of the waves tbe extra strain thus occasioned was more than the strength of the cable could bear.It guve way uuder the pressure, and, parting at some distance from the ship\u2019s siern, it sank down like lead through the mighty waters on that portion of the telegraphic plateau between Ireland and Newfuuundland, where the Atantic reaches its maximum depth of not css that 2.000 fathoms.At the time of the severance the + Niagara\u201d bad made from 260 to 280 mites in a direct course from Valeatia harbor, and the length of the cable that had been let go was abont 380 miles.It is remarkabie enough (hat à somewhat similer failure has hitherto atiended almost all these aub- marine enterprives in the first iusiance.The pre visions of sciswce ure extraordinary, but they cannot quite dispense with the leschings of experience.The general opiniun amongsi those mast quatified to form a judgment sppeqte to be, that we have learned enough in tuiv first ussay «0 render the success of the next attempl morally certain.Two important points have been decisively seat rest by what has already been achieved.The uupural- leled iength of the cable, aod the vast depth to which it was sunk, have presented no obstacles io its telegraphic woking ; until the final disaster oc - curred, messages were flashed with the most perfect success mlong 2,500 miles length of wire, a portion of which was submerged to she depth of very ueaily two miles in the ocean.Another point relates to the rate ut which the cable can be paid out.It has been conclusively proved that there is no obstacle to laying it down at the rate of fiva miles per hour, in the greatest depth of water tha! exists on the proposed line of submersion, between Ireland and Newfoundland, The pricipal defect appears lo be in the \u2018 paying-out gear,\u201d the ma chinery by which the cable is delivered from the ships deck into the ocean.Another difficulty to be overcome in sinking a cable of such length to a depth so great\u2014a ditficulty which has probabl been more fully demonstrated by the resulia of this experiment than it could have been by previous calculation\u2014is the great force of the under-cur- rent.While the direct course of of the \u201c Niagara\u201d was only about 280 miles the expenditure of cable was about 350\u2014a difference which a priori could scarcely bave been calculated upon.forthe next venture every circomstance of (bis kind will be taken faliy into calculation ; the mechanism for passing the cable into the water will no doult receive all those improvements of which it is aue- ceptible, and, if the time be so fortunately chosen as to secure three weeks of favorable weather (a circumstance by no means immaterial,) there can be no reason whatever for despairing of ultimate success.THE MALICIOUS OUTRAGE IN DONEGAL.(From the Armagh Guardian.) We have printed elsewhers what appears to usa mont righteous presentment of the Grand Jury of Donegal, levying on a barony ia that county a sum of £1,300 for a \u201cvery malicious injury.A more exlended report than the one to which we refer a pears in the Derry Sentinel, aud we may use it or the purpose of making a few observations.Happily for us in this and other northen districts, the police arrangements are so complets and efficient that outrages of this character seidom cocur, and even \u2018when they do they are limited to a building or a single animal in some isolated spot.We never, however, find the population either a party to, or mpathising with the person or persons by whom the outrage may have been perpetrated.Least of all is an offence of this class committed on settlers, as such, or for the purpose of ratifying re- ligioue animosity or pany strife.Fre scampe; whoever they be, ute actuated by the grovellin motive of revenge for some imesginary debt of labour vnrequited, or some relation of property which they vainly believe inequitable.s Bat the Donegal outrage doss not appear to belong to either of hess clusses.It seems 10 vocal ascene which we should expect among a horde of savages, aod is the physical and fiendish development of that unmeaniog enmity towards the Sas- tooaghy come from wheres he may.Look at its b festares.Here is a land in many places wasie and uncultivated, whose people if they not poor or ever complaning of piveriy\u2014 whose soi oontinusily remind one of ould frolend and the glories Brian the Brave\u2014wbo are constantly nailing anion the avarice of the landlords and the spaiby capitalists; and in answer to whose mourning the British Parliament passed an Enoumbered Estates Act to relieve embarrassed proprietors and introduce wealthier ones.Yet, no sooner do these wealthier ones make their appearance than they ste subject to all manner of annoyance, very ofien serious lows § the murmurs become still Jouder, the abuse of the Saxen is greater, and if his person escape, his property is victimised.Now we don\u2019t sey this 1s characteristéo of all Iraland\u2014iudeed, We should not wish it to be infer- re .uat itis cheracteristio of any part of Ireland except where Ribbonism dares tu ishop w.God and bis Church.Pro Delleres Limsolf shu, .Although accustomed 10 hea, state many things contrary to truth, we d surpassed himself in the art of falsehood hon bo the effrontery to state that the ground of the Church of Bt.Anne is not worth above 350.A ground of eloven acres in the midst of a flourishing town ! Whe Catholic in Illinois will not blush at such decepin for interested ends ! \u201cFriends and Brethre Canada, the Bishop decei imposed upon our Chul r the Bishop of Chicago 0 in the United States auc Tee Jou when Be 8874 (hat he rch an riest whi à not spesk & word of French, only because be cout el find any French priest.There were then five of the la in Chicago, as the Bishop admits in a portion ol kp letter where he contradicts himself, But the object being to lay bands ou our Church property, those firs priests were prohibited from ministering 10 us, and even baptising our children, under throat of Enterdic- on.Many of us can certify as witnesses to the fact, that when we bad our own priest, the Bishop extorted once from him the sum of $100 from the smal salary we raised ourselves ; and that he was interdicted until be could pay the sum.We accuse bim therefore of simony\u20141bese bundred dollars being the sum paid to 1 wove un unjust interdiction.(The character of the priest being the same before and after the payment of the extorted sum.) \u201c We accuse here solemnly the Bishop of Chicago with having practised a sacrilegious commerce by telling sand from the consecrated ground of the Come.cilities for displaying specimeus afforded by the im- The bear that really killed these men, viz: strong litle accustomed to economy and seli-resiraint.mense freight depot of the Grand Trunk Railway, so driok,isslayiogits victims in every part of Canada; and Under these circumstances it is not surprising that handsomely granted for the purpose, will equal or per.00 Person seems disposed to interfere.After these men oar bullion leaves ua as fast as it comes.hile the possessors of fixed incomes have suffered year by year from tbe steady advance in the cost of living and the pressure of the Income-tax, the; multitude have escaped that tax, and bave, at the same time, enjoyed constuntly increasing ease.Accordiog to the accounts from the United States\u2019 and Canada, it may be greatly doubted whether manual labor in those countries obtain a return equal to that now atiainable on this side, and, with the harvest tha.is promised for the present year, there is good ground to believe that the limit of this condition bas not yet been ieached.\u2014 London Times\u2019 City Article.TextiLe MATERIALE.\u2014The three great articles of manufacture, silk, cotton, and wool, are rapidly lisiog in price in Europe, and doubts are entertained whether the supply of any one of them will be found equal to the demand.Wool is selling at from 42s to 45¢ the 10dd of 28ibs.; and the greater part of the ciip, which was on the sheep\u2019s k a month ago, has already pessed into the bands of the speculater or the manufactarer.Inp1a.\u2014Oa the Centenary of Piassy, the Delb.mutineers had given out that they would fight al! =.and the literally did so; they came out al 6 A.M., and fought till 7 P.M., leaving between, 420204 500 dead.\u201d We Jost thirty killed and sighty wounded.They have upwards of fifiy guns of large calibre in position, and fire them with great ision.It 18 believed by the authorities at i that the mutineers muster 25000.Our Farepeans up to the 23d of June, were little above 1,500, but by the 28th they would amount to about 5,000, and with them Barnard hoped to do it handsomely ; bat we are still without news beyond the 27th.Almost all the Dawks, except to La- bore, are cut off, and there have been no telegraphs Sor a long while, All the signallers were murdered al Indore, and that old woman, Baiza-Chase, is at 1he bottom of the Gwalior revolt, and the bas been ing hard to incite the Kolupoor and Sattara .oh \"end the Deckan Sirdare.She is supposes to worth two millions sterling, snd to be sending bet money in every direction.Captain Honger- ford holds out in the fort at Mbow with his European company of artillery, but all bis drivers have mutinied aod gone of.There will be no more native drivers bereafter.What is to be done with all the officers of the late Benga! army no one can ventare to suggest.I believe that by the end of the year we shall beloug to her Majesty, and that bly the armies of the three presidencies will Be formed into one, so as to get Bombay and Madras troops to the north, to show what discipline is ; otherwise Bengal will be filed with Europeans a natives smployed for police only.We have deserved all that bas come upon us for unfaithfulness ; and, if Lords Eilenborough and Lansdowne spesk the voice of England, we sbali lose India, and that deservedly.Bravia 18 Amznica \u2014 ProTestant Remon.STRANCE FROM Fnance.\u2014The Protestant Christians of France Lave resolved to addres a remonstrance 10 their brethren in the United States, on the and- ject of slavery, It has alrondy Y i including those of the ministers and re of 579 churches of all denominations.Tus Cuerzas ar Sr.Pzrznesvac.\u2014Letters from St.P-tersburg state that (be cholers is declining.Oa the July there were only 149 cases under treatment.From October, , up te the beginning of Jaly last, not fewer than 30,620