Witness and Canadian homestead, 27 juillet 1927, mercredi 27 juillet 1927

[" WITNESS and Canadian Homestead JOHN DOUGALL & PUBLISHERS.BON, VOL.LXXXII.NO.30.MONTREAL, JULY 27, 1927.82nd Year SUBSCRIPTION RATES INSIDE FIVE CENTS A COPY THE WITNESS is working through | its readers in every province, and they through it, to o Lavd & Coa The Week\u2019s Outlook Honored Guests ANADA will be honored this week by the arrival of three distinguished visitors.The sons of the King of Rag.land sre always welcome\u2014lor they are also the sons of the King of Canada.Prince Edward of Wales we know well Prince George, his younger and more retiring brother, we know not quite 20 well.But both are certains of an enthusi- astie reception, which will only be exceeded when the elder prince comes on his honeymoon, or better still, for his wedding.The present visit !s historic for another reason.For the first time a British prime minister visits Canada, the eldest British daughter nation.Ex- premiere we have welcomed.Premiers to-bs we have received.But never be- fors have we welcomed the actual and responsible bead af the existing British government.Mr.Baldwin, in coming to Canada at this time, pays us an appreciated compliment in our jfubiles year.It must have been as difficult for him to get way as it was for our own prime minter d the t important Im- Sor be ey tn Bisfory immediately after the most exbausting of the always- exhausting Canadian election campalgos.\"Not only is the political situation in England anything but calm.Britain is par ticipating In an fmportant naval conference at Geneva, which cannot be allowed ta collapse without serlous moral consequences.For the British prime minister to visit Canada at such a time is a high compliment indeed.Let us hope that Canada will not, ia the exuberance of her welcomes, make the visit more exhausting than refreshing.Baldwin, the Man T is safe to say that Canadians admire Mr.Baldwin, the man, as much as they reapect Mr, Baldwin, the prime minister.It is difficult jo examine photo &rapha without receiving the impression of kindiinees, capability, and above ali, of goodwill.It is Impossible to read even the most cursory record of his life without wondering whether, indeed, divine providence did not advance such & man at such a time.One, of course, cannot And such a record in \u201cWho's Who.\u201d That iittle outline obviously censored by Mr.Baldwin himself, tells us practically nothing except that he is exactly as old as the Dominion ot Canads, was educated at Cambridge, had two sons and four daughters, and has sat in parliament for nearly twenty years.The real Baldwin is revealed in incidents which do not And their way into these volumes.We cannot detall them hers.But one is typ- lcal and must be mentioned.Mr.Bald win during the war had seen One of his sons lay down his lite for his country.What should be his own contribution?Au Financial Secretary to the Treasury he became convinced that Britain's rap tdly growlug war debt was a burden which might crush the very life from the pation unless (t was lightened.As a statesman he saw no means for dealing with the burden, which amounted to one fitth of the accumulated wealth of the nation.But he determined to do bis share.One fifth of all his very coneld- erable riches he sold.He sent, anonymously, the proceeds to the national treasury.It was not till months later that the identity of the sender became known, much to that seader's sanoy- ance.Later he settled the terms of the Anglo-American debt payments.Histery will write the true verdict on those payments, But when that history comes ta be written the Baldwin directness and Tefusal to haggie cannot be described other than as worthy of the great people he represented.His later rise to the prime ministry has been called a mys: tery.But the secret lies in the fact that, at a time when industrial and class struggles threatened to engulf the nation, Mr.Baldwin was one of the few leaders whose character and record was a universally accepted guarantee, at least of goodwill, In the troubled days \u2018ahead.Geneva Waits for London OTH of the English delegates to the Geneva disarmament conference have spent the past week in London.It ls an open secret that several prolonged cablaet sessions have discussed ways and means of ending the deadlock.It is a foregone conclusion that British atateamanship will exert every effort to prevent the collapse of the conference.Far more important than any ratio In naval strength is friendship between Japan, the United States and the British Empire.Nowhere is this fact appreciated so keenly as in London.A prophet would not need to be at ait bold to baz ard the prediction that the British delegation will return to Geneva with express orders to secure an agreement, regardless of what the \u201cexperts\u201d consider the minimum requirements of naval strength.Bulld and Welcome IEUTENANT Hobson \u2014 who ever hears his name now?\u2014had, at the close of the Spanish war, a minor throne on the American Olympus near the footstool of Admiral Dewey, after whom every family in the unica named a pup.He got thers by reason of a brilliant escapade in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba.It wag from that momentary altitude that he gave forth the oracle that the Japanese were preparing to invade the Unlted States, and that the United States was hopelessly unable to defend its Pacific coast.It was mot at all an original dis covery.That country bas In Its most popular press enough purveyors of flap- doodle to rob any oue, however great, of originality in paradox.The country was prepared to shiver, and when that bolt fell trom Olympus at the bands of a deity of such proved recklesness, shiver ft did.And ever since It has retained a sufficient asubconsciousness of Japan's liability to go stark mad to excuse any amount of expensive swagger on the part of its sea lords.Of course, that ia not the only thing that makes the United su want a big navy.There is also the dissatisfaction that Mrs.Joues, whose husband has a miillon, feels at Mrs.Smith, whose husband is embarrassed.having a more costly car than hers.But, as Lord Grey says.why not let he United States bave all the ships she wants to pay for® They are not going to fight against the British Empire.If they should ever unfortunstely be at war it would be on the same side.So why not let the United States pay for policing the seas?Great Britaln has borne the cost of that, on mankind ln general, long enough, Long Live Which King?HEN kings die a period of mixed emotions is usual.There ls sorrow for the departed monarch and joy at the accession of the new ruler.But when there exists doubt as to the identity of that ruler Lhe situation may be troubled to the polot of civil war.Ferdinand of Rumantia\u2019's passing fs no exception.The dead king was a patriot through and through, as courageous as kingly.It is impossible to read hig will without realizing that he was also a great mas.He exhorts Carol, the prodigal prince but loved 208, to abide by his own renuaciation of the throne.Indeed, lt almost seems as if Ferdinand prolonged by months, and by will power alone.his own life of torture for the sole purpose of averting a crisis.Whether that crisis will materialize remains to be seen.Young Michael is king, sup ported by a board of regents.His father, Carol, the natural heir to the throne, remains io Paris with the latest of those women who cost him the kingdom.But Carol has openly declared himself king.Whether he will persist in the attempt to regain the throne, !n the face ot his dead father's exhortation.is an important question for his country and for Europe.Rumania is surcounded by neighbors \u201cwho are smarting at her annexations of their territories\u2014annexa- tions legalized by the Versailles Treaty.\u201cFor Lack of Knowledge\u201d ING FERDINAND was » victim of that flourishing modern scourge\u2014 cancer.The ravages of that disease are gradually and quletly reaching the level of a menace to civilization.The world has made gigantic strides restricting the activities of the grim reaper in the past sixty years.The death rates have been lowered enormously sivce Confederation.Yet it must be remembered that progress has been made chiefly along iwo avenues.Infantile mortality has been greatly lowered, owing to the increased knowledge of the necessities of saaitation and proper handling of bables.Methods of combatting disease epidemics have been gen- orally applied with almost marvellous results.Because of these things it is trus that the average expectation of life has been lengthened, since Confederation, by something more than ten years.But in the same period what might be called the diseases of silent disintegration have increased enormously.The death rate from cancer alone bas increased no less than six fold since 1850.The death rates from diabetes, according to a statement read at the recent American Medical Assoclation conveation never Incressed so rapidly as since the discovery of insulin.This, of course, is not the fault of Dr, Banting's epoch-mak- ing discovery.It arises from the fact that so many more persons are afflicted with the disease that even insulin cannot keep pace with the attacks.Sclen- tists have not yet got to the root of these diseases of organic disiutegration.But all are agreed that wrong methods of living are primarily responsible for these bodily aliments of mankind.The great opportunity for the physician of the future is im teaching people how to live\u2014 not in attempting to patch up the machine after it has broken down, \u201cMy people are destroyed for lack of know- isdge.\u201d The world is woefully weak in Its knowledge of man's need of sunlight, fresh alr, regular exercise, and proper feeding.New Zealand Accused N one respect Canada was lucky that no German territory lay near her shores at the time of the armistice.The rest of the British nations secured vast sarees from the defeated enemy.Thess, of course, were not out and out annexations, but territories held by virtue of mandate from the League of Nations.In some cases these mandated territories constitute real burdens to their administrators.Just now New Zealand i busy detending her government of the Samoa group of islands.It has been vigorously criticised by certain visitors.One of these Is an American journalist.No one would be inclined to pay any attention to his charges of oppression and impending revolt were it not for another fact.Sir Joseph Carruthers, a distingulshed Australian statesman, publicly declares that the administration of Samoa Is un- Just, un-British and disgraceful.That is a charge which the New Zealand govern ment cannot dismiss lightly.Of course it will be accepted with the atrictest re serve by those familiar with New Zea iand\u2019s model treatment of ber own Maozl population.A Distinet Dominion EW Zealanders will specially resent this charge coming from the oeigh- boring British dominion, There is © good deal of rivalry, not always .good natured, between the adjacent British communitiea.Only a few weeks ago New Zealand trade Interests protested to Washington against the use of the term \u201cAustralasia\u201d New Zealand is a separate and distinct British dominion, and, as Mr.Coates s0 emphatically pointed out when in Canada, la no more a part of Australia than of this country An Australian Fears OME Australians bave certain habits which annoy the New Zeslanders.Indeed it must be contessed that some of them sometimes anvoy Canadians.Mr.McCormack, premier of Queensland, after being !n Canada for almost a wee%, really fears that we are heading for ru nexation to the United States! We ire, it seems, such friendly neighbors.Toat, of course, is true.But, as Mr.Chamberlain so hotly declared in the British parliament two weeks ago, friendships be tween two peoples do not mean enmities or broken allegiances with others.When our distinguished Australian remains fa Canada for another week or two be may loss his apprehensions.The truth is that anti-ennexaton sentimemt Was Revef, fn all our history, so strong as now.Asad anti-annexation bas atways been a potent force in Canads.Indeed, as one writes recently put it, a good part of pioneer Canada was born for mo other reason than to be British.Certalnly the motive force behind the much later Confeders- tion movement was the realization that matured colonies are easily annexed.It our visitor remains long enough he may witness the opening of the \u2018Peace Bridge\u201d across the Niagara river.The British Princes, the Vice-President of the United States and the Prime Ministers of Great Britalo and Canada wliil all partt- cipate, The ceremonies will open at Buf talo, But they will close significantly at Brock's monument on Queenston Heights There two nations will give visible evidence of thelr true relationship\u2014the one just as determined to remain separate as when {t paid the price in blood a century and more ago\u2014ths other content im that separation which it formerly cos tested, and even proud, in a brotherly way, of the development under tt.Mr.Perron on the Warpath N bis crusade against speeding, Mr.Perron, the Quebec minister of roads, is cheered on by the chorus of the whole press, evidently the safety valve of a high pressure of feeling on the subject He ts hounded on to much more drastie measures than he proposes.The Montreal Gazette would not be eatisfled with imprisoning à man convicted of driving under the Influence of drink without op tion of n fine.It would make his punishment eternal.\u201cOn conviction such crimivals ought to be forever debarred from renewing their licenses.\u201d It counts this as tempering justice with mercy, as obviously such persons are .utterly un fit to drive.In à condition of society which promises to require every ons to drive, it would be indeed severs to be put beyond redemption.How that paper, which blooms all over with incitemenis to drink, would define being \u201cunder the je fluence of drink\u201d we do not know.Ne one who has been drinking at all should be absolved in case of misadventure.A man takes out à girl or two for à Sunday afternoon drive and treats them to a glass of something.None of them are Arunk, Sat the driver who ress late TwW& WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 27, 1087.somebody oa the way home may rightly be assumed not to have been (be same man he was when he started out.We have known men rendered incapable by the firet glass of beer.But these are not the most dangerous.It is those who do not know that they are any the worse.Mr, Ford told an obvieus truth when be said there is no room for automobiles and drink in the same comntry.Mr.Perron belongs to the goverament that par- veya the drink Limits of speed are ail very well if there is any effective pro cess of euforcement.There are conditions in which speeding is harmless, as on a reach of straight road fo broad day- Nght with mo side roads abatttag, and mot even @ Bicycle in sight.What ls weeded more thaa rules is discretios.Many a youth on a frolic josss discretion without any drink, and in cass of barm should suffer for it, but a drink, large or small, is premeditated indiscretion, and should be in Itself condembatory.The Hen's Great Day F It ie true that \u201cevery dog hss bis day,\u201d as the old proverb tells us, 1; is equally trae that every ben has her Gay.The lowly ben will receive ber just deserts on Wednesday of this week, when the World's Poultry Congress opens in Ottawa.This gathering, which will be the largest and most influential assembly of poultrymen ever brought, together in any coun! is the third triennial meeting of the International Associ ation of Poultry Investigators and Instructors.The first meeting was held at The Hague six years ago, the second at Barcelona and Madrid in 1934.Neither of these first two congresses quite suc- oseded attaining to the dignity of a world affair, interest being mostly confined to the continent of Europe.All iz- dications, however, point to the certainty that tbe present congress at Ottawa will truly merit the term \u201cWorld\u201d Poultry Congress.Over ten thousand delegates from more than forty countries are expected to attend.Thousands of birds from every continent and clime will be on display.Many countries are sending tunique exhibits of exotic native fowls such as are seldom seen outside of exhibitions.There will be large Brahma cocks weighing thirteen pounds or more, and diminutive bantams weighing only as many ounces.Japanese bantams with talls eighteen fest long will be shown, together with their cousins from India who have no talls whatever, While the Japanese bave gone in for the artistic in poultry raising, the more utilitarian Canadians have developed the world's champion layer, who hails from British Columbia, and has & record of 351 egxs in 866 days to ber credit.Bbe is being brought from the coast for the occasion, and will perhaps be found giving pointers on a hens chief business In life to her less industrious sisters.The results to Canada of such a conference meeting within her borders cannot but be beneficial to all concerced.The six thousand or more foreign delegates will go home with a better appreciation of Canada\u2019s potentialities.Many Europeans will come under the impression that they are visiting a wild, asemicivilised, semi- settled colony, and will be surprised to find a uation.Buch spreading of knowledge about Canada is bound to be beneficial.The more functions of this nature we can have the better it will be for Canada.Canada\u2019s Markets HEN it in ones appointed task to find fault, anything will do.That is, anything will do if it will only go dows wth the crowd.Here 1s a speci men from the Patrie, a Conservative, and therefore a protectionist organ, very intelligent when not on party duty.Per haps it does not underestimate the intelli gence of its readers.It has heard that Mr.Robb, the finance minister, had, among other matters, been to Greece to see wbat he could do to open that market to Canadian products.Presumably there was special occasion for that particular errand.One would tbink that If there was anything that the most oon- firmed scold could not find fault with it would be an effort to extend the markets for our overSowing harvests.But even in this the minister seems to bave sinned against protection doctrine.\u201cWhat te Canada going to gain,\u201d tbe Patrie asks, \u201cby selling à few more barrels to the Greeks, when he bas left our own mar kets opsn to foreign producers!\u201d Appar entiy thon, the best commerce for Can- pda is 20 commerce of slik We mest asither buy ner sell abrend.Let Canade live by swcking her own thumbe.Let us soe !f we cas eat eur ows cheeses and fish, and 30 enjoy our lolation.Above all things, let us not buy from anybody.Such is the reesoning of high fmmoce and ita faithful disciple.Admit that any commerce is desirable\u2014and no country grows rich without commerce\u2014it la an oternal fact that commerce ia exchange.It we will not buy we camnot ssll.That la perhaps too deep a proposition for the Patrie to think out; or at least it thinks it is for Its readers, who are presumed to bave nothing to sell abroad, or anyway do uot know what becomes of their butter and cheese beyond Montreal, Thea again, the Patrie asks: \u201cWhy did Mr.Robs not go to Niwioundiand to try to consolidate Canada\u2019s trade position in tbe ancient colony?\u2019 Well, why did he not æ te Bermuda, or Demerara, or Tteland?If that question means to secure markels there probably Canada has already all the Newfoundland trade she well can have.If she has pot, Mr.Robb could take there 20 other argument than reciprocal offers.If consolidation of trade menns the opening of our markets to the Ascient colony, the opening of our markets is the very thing for which the mia- fster is rebuked.Ideal finance would seem (0 be to exclude foreign goods by making us pay more for goods made in Canada.js that course im the peopic'a interest, in the country's interest, in the interest of our natural Industries which are in competition with the world, asd which it taxes and strangles, or is it in the interest of those who want to get labor cheap and sell dear to those whom they oan bold tributary?Is that the way to keep people in the country?What Cansée wants fie producers, not people who have to be subsidised at other people's cost to stay here.Taking Canada es a whole: to sell our surplus abroad makes ber richer, and to buy abroad makes her no poorer, as she gets better value for the same expenditure than she can st bowe.We are sot writing this for the benefit of the Patrie, which probably knowe better, or for its readers, who are restricted to ench pabulam, but to show the sort of arguments our simple people are plied with.Progressive Libersiiom IFTEEN million dollars was, accord ing to a London despatch, the price paid by a Liberal group in Kngisad to continue the control of the Datly Chronicles in the interest of Mr.Lloyd George, the menagement being under bonds to continue its support of Progressive Liberalism.What calls itself Progressive Liberalism might best be described as a sort of compromise between Liberalism and the pronounced movement toward socialism which distinguishes the present time.Liberalism protects every man's liberty to paddle his own cance, sink or swim, as an inalienable buman right and as yielding the highest economic result.Socialism belleves in community control.Curiousiy enough.no country ia the world is more iroaciad agaiast anything looking toward soclalism than the one which first iatroduced universal awlirage.But Ît js fair to say that compromise between these two iéess a pormai.No boundary has ever been fixed between the services that can better be performed by governments, national or munictpal, and those best left to Individual initiative.The post office has always been the king's business.Express tranaportation, a more modern Institution, bas been carried on by private companies.The old main roads were the king's highway.The modern railways have been, \u2018for the most part, privately owned.There is always a borderland of dispute.The Question is always open in detail as to how tar it.is good either for the man or the community\u2014indeed, how far it te possible-to compel service that is not spontaneous, as it largely has to be where it is every man for himself .There is no escaping the fact that increased facil! ties of intercourse requite increased pub- lle regulation; that the more business functions are organized and the more competition gives way to combination and monopoly the more the public interest needs protection.These are contributory causes, but the great spiritual movemeat of the day is an inward conviction in man tbat he ls not himself slone\u2014that he is only himself at his greatest as an Îtem or an atom in the life of his com- mubity, bis nation, and the human race.As an example in tune with what we see everywhere, all the new develop ments of the new Irish government are in the direction of patersalism.There wes a free feild for moders development «ed probably no one quastions the wisdom of tu taking that turn.Buch being the course of the wind, the statesman has to trim his sails to it.Enthusiasts should note, however, that the mills of the gods grind slowly.Evolution is a tentative process.Boclalism cannot come in with « rush.The Moscow Cheka % the very reverse of popular rule.Mr.Cosgrave Ands himeelt forced by anarchists te bring in bills abolishing the referendum and even abolishing in political cases trial by jury.It is bard to find on earth « population fully At for seif-government.But Britain is obviously ready for some forward steps.It le in ench ques tions as bringing the nation's productive land isto productive use, in securing the mations ooal product to the natiof, tm making full wee of the somewhat scanty water powers, in erganizing the complex of railways to naticos) ends, that Mr.Lioyd George would overstep the old Lib eral maxim, that that je the best government that goverss lamest and asserts the nations right fm essential Interests as paramount over Personal property.A Bargain In Convistion NOTHER curious study raised by this transaction is how far convictions are saleable, or can be put is bondage by a private deed of asle.The aise of this bargain puts it in the category of such transactions ag the purchase of Alaska from Russia, which cost the pur chasom just half as much, or Disreeil's purchase of Egypt's controlling shares in the Suez Canal.In the purchase of the newspaper no fault is to be found with the transaction, as what the administra tion = beund to is what its readers have long looked for in the Chronicle, though K Is not pleasant to think of any creedal bondage.The question is, what has been bought?The purchase price implies something vast.The paper may be worth that sum, ylelding, say, ode or two mil lion dollars annually.Either that, er there are noble people in England willing to sacrifice enormous sums for the maintenance of views which they bold te be for the good of the mation.In that case -| it is highly honorable public service, ous of the highest uses of money.That is, if, us in this case, the contributors have no ages of their own to grind, A large proportion of periodical publications depend on subsidies of one sort or another.It is easy to understand generosity of this sort when there are personal or class interests Involved.We have had in Cane ada some exposure of that sort of thing, and the: liquor interests being now at bay, ail aoe its advocacy blased all over the advertising colmmns of the press, and more subtly in the news and editorial columns.Still the paper in question could not have an income beariag any relation to the purchase price, unless & had an immense number of attached readers.Readers in England are not, for the most part, bound to thelr papers by subscriptions, and can drop them any day at pleasure.Still, as the British Liberals have few papers to choose from, they are fairly tied up te those they have.An old poam says: \u201cYou oan seal the mountain ageing.You can chain the eagie's wing, but you cannot chain the mind; God made it to be fres.\u201d But time was when John, while assuring his circle that he did not pin his faith to the Times, bas confidently echoed day by day the views and it set forth for hie guidance.It is a fairly consistent rule that as a man readeth in kis paper, so is he.Juat think, then, of à job lot of kaif a mil Mon of the most capable, independent and speu-minded thinkers of the netion being clandestinely deaded over in seme aotary\u2019s office asd dulivered to mew bands at thirty dollars apiecoo Of course, not one of the half million but would take great umbrzge st the bare eugpostion that his mind is in any auch bondage, but each wonid probably admit that such was largely the case whi readers in general.Tranafers of owmer- ship are menant for some purpose, and as a rule the purchase of the habituel readers is not always in the public interest.It is the part of a good general to taik of smccess, mot of fallure.\u2014Sophecies.Xaow thyself.\u2014Solon of Athens.Fixed to no apot ls happiness sincere.\u201cTis nowhere to be found, or everywheray \u2018Tis never éo be bougbt, but always tres \u2014Pess.The Canadian FI OR several years discussions concerning the flag have agitated the editorial columns of the Canadian press.This year the subject has occupied more space than uewal.Naturally enough.Few nations are born without a flag.Indeed, more than one bas been born because of ome.But Canada is sixty years old.Yet there ia even à dispute as to whether or not she has a flag of her own.There is a further question as to whether the ome she widely but unofiicislly recognises is the best possible.Anyone whose opportunity or duty it waa to make a systematic survey of press opinion om this subject would discover that the Canadian journals hold two general views of the fleg situation.The one section either declares or infers that Canada has no flag specially and unmistakably her own.TWis section deplores that fact, and urges steps to correct it, The other agrees that Canada lacks an inâi- viduni banmer, but professes to belteve that the attempt to supply the deficiency is a disloyal cowspiracy to haul down the Union Jack.Neither of these conclusions will atand in the light of undiaput- able facts.Canada hes « flag.Walk into amy department atore from coast to coast and sek for a Union Jack.The request will be promptly met.Ask.in the same store, tor \u201ca Canadian Sag\u201d The merchant.without a question, will produce the flag of the Canadien merchant marine\u2014the British red ensign with the Union Jack in the etaff quarter.and the Canadian cont-ofarms MW the scarlet feid of the banner.Unofficial but Accepted THES fact is that, while no parliament or government has sver autherised à distinctive Canadian flag for general use, Canadians have flown the flag on land from the long.long dygone days when Sir John Macdonald authorized its use at sea.Macdonald himeelf, whose Canadianism was as robust as his passionate British patriotism, fiew the banner of his selection on ail Canadian public build.Ings.It te the flag that was as natural ly hoisted over the Canadian High Commissioner's office in London, as it was, memerations later, over the Canadian le gation at Washington.Insumerable instances of quotations might here be reproduced to prove that the world in general and Britain in particular long sisoe accepted Maocdosald's banner as \u201cthe Canadian fag.\u201d But a few examples will suffice.When a tablet was to be designed to mark io London the spot where the Fathers of Comfeder- ation completed their work, the unofficial but recognized Canadian flag was given the bonored place in that rouse monument.When Bernard Partridge drew for \u201cPunch\u201d his classic impression of Canada at Ypres, he depicted his hero, facing poison gas and deadly fire, but still bolding grimly his Canadian flag.Whea France's best artists collaborated on that mammoth painting which com memorated, at the Pantheon in Parls, the allied war effort, they included the Capadien red emsign as unquestioningly sa the Union Jack, the maval white ensign, or the blue banmers of Australia and New Pesland.Those writers deny the manifest facte who assert that Canada bas no fag.Editors may seek to becloud the issue in thelr editorial pages.But the news columns and the advertising pages tell the true story.Nothing funnier, in this connection, has occurred than an incident of two years ago.Within & few weeks of the time that the Toronto Telegram was telling its readers that there was no Canadian flag, it carried on its own front page a photographic illustration of the Canadian women's athietic team.About to set out for England the ladies are shown wearing maple leaves on their costumes and carrying a gigantic Cana dian ensign.Tt is trus that parliament has never legalized a Canadian flag.But people do not always wait for parliaments.\"God save the King\u201d was originally a partisan song, In the days of strife between the monarch and the English barons.Bat it filled a nationa] need.The people adopted it Yong before the English parfament acted.Likewise with our Canadian song, \u201cO Canada.\u201d It has never bees sanctioned by parliament.But popular approval has made it what it is.What remaina for parilament la the case of the anthem, as of the 8.ls lo recognize what already exists, and to improve and standardise the usage.A Despleable Lie BUT it Canada has a flag which needs to be perfected, that fact Implies no disloyalty to the t'nion Jack.Britons, wherever they /re in the Commonwealth, are now, and should always be, ready and willing to fly the Union Jeck.But they deliberately misrepresent the truth wbo say that the demand for the staadardising and perfecting of the existing Canadian fiag is an attempt to \u201chaul down the Union Jack.\u201d Australia did not havi down the Uslon Jack when she gave that honored symbol the honored position in her own national blue evsign.Nor did New Zealand haul down the Unlon Jack when, simost a geaera- tion ago, she did likewise.Argue as one will, harangue as ons may, yet the British Empire is not now, nor ever can be again, a single nation.It is an amazing paradox\u2014a Commonwealth, an alliance.or a company of individual and distinct nations.It is ae inevitable as natural that the people of these Individual nations should demand banners truly symbolic of their Individual existence.The surest way to guarantes thet the Union Jack will never be hauled down Is to la- olude it In the various national banners of the Empire.Every Man for Himself VW HiLE it is despicable and false to infer that the desire for a distinctive national banner Implies disloyalty to the Sag of Empire.and while it is true that Canada already has n flag, yet it ls indisputable that that flag could be so improved as to be made more beautiful and inspiring.Macdonald's Canadian Mag is ideal in all save one respect.The Union Jack is (no its proper and honored position.The scarlet body of the banner {is Identical with the orifamme, the famous French flag of the middie ages.Tradition says that was the flag wbich flew at the mast when Jacquas Cartier ealled up the maj- estio St.Lawrence.it was that flag which he planted where Quebec now stands.But it the body of the banner thus symbolises both the British connec: tion and the Preach contribution to Can- adlan life, the distinctive Canadian emblem on the bazner undoubtedly should be improved.Bir John Macdonald, a year alter confederation, adopted for Canada n great seal 1a which the shield.or coat-of-arms, was compased of the combined shields of the original provinces of the dominion.it was this shield which, for the want of a generally recognized Canadian emblem, was originally placed on the Canadian banper.Unfortunately the Canadian comt- ol-arms was changed as often as a new province was formed or admitted to the dominion.The result was an amasing conglomeration of birds, beasts.fishes, and whatnot.Finally the Melighen government in 1921 ended this situation by officially approving the present Canadian coat-of-arms.\u2018This Is an adaptation of the British seal carrying merely the English and Scottish lions, the \u2018Irish harp, the French fleur-de-lys, and a aprig of maple leaves.Before that time.however, a truly amazing array of Canadian fags had come into existence.With nothing official to go by, Glasgow and other flag makers had sent to the dominion a bewildering variety of Canadian banners All were identical as to the Union Jack and scarlet fleid, But it was every man for himsqif when it came to the coat-of- arms.Some had wreaths, some had pons.Some represented only the orig: inal four provinces, some snytbing up to the nine.Some topped the whole\u2019 with a crown, Bome surrounded the emblem with & maple wreath.Others threw in the shamrock, thistle, rose, and lly.A few carried a beaver.Bome stamped the shield on the plain scarlet field.Some gave it a white background.leat is The Golden Maple Leaf Now the fact that the maple everywhere recognized as the Cans- dian emblem\u2014as unique and indisputably Canadian as it is beautitui\u2014needs only to be stated to be accepted.It was the emblem automatically chosen to adorn the garb of Canadian athletes whenever they contended at Olymple games against the world.Every Cana- diana soldier wore the maple leaf on his collar.Every Canadian soldier's grave contains two golden leaves.Every Cana- dlan soldier's wooden cross in Flanders\u2019 field is marked by one.Tue suggestion of the Witness for the past thirty years, echoed lo the past two WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTRAD, JULY 27, 1927.Canadian press, fe just this: On the present flag, place a prominent single maple leaf.Let that leaf be goiden In color, symbolic of the woods in all thelr autumn splendor.Iæt that leaf replace the hundred and one varfeties of the coat-of- arms now used which, however ex.The Gloom cellent In design, can never compete popularly used Canadian with the single maple leat tor Canadian: fsm.beauty or Inspiration.Authorize that flag.(Guarantees (hat the Union Jack will never be torn down by per pstuating it in this banner, which every loyal Canadian, of whatever origin, can admire and love.of Wealth By \u201cSenex.\u201d N the authority of Nicholas Murray Betler, who after hls own fashion rails at it, it is safe record the observation th « riot of almost fantastic progr and prosperity, a sad tone of pessimlem pervades the literature sod puipita of the United States.An unholy thing is pess!- miem; it is the converse of faith \u2014that faith which under all conditions sess things working together toward ultimate good.It is diasstrous to morals as well as to faith.World Wide reprints an article by \u201cQuo-usque,\u201d in the British Weekly.which sets forth to account for (ble.He quotes arn American, William Lyon Phelps, as asking: \u201cWhat shail we say of a prosperous and rich nation whose prosperity and wealth are accompanied by an epidemic of suicides?\u2019 He quotes an American returned to his country after a winter in England as wondering whether his country had gone crazy.He finds the pace terrific.He gasps at both the scale and the cost of living, and the weys of getting money at any cost.He finds lots of excitement, but very few genuinely happy people.\u201cWe have motors, batb-rooms, telephones, and ait other mechanical accessories to an extent undreamed of in Kurope: yet I do not And the people who enjoy them any happier.\u201d The English writer, who has just returned from the United States.sympathetically sets forth in juxtaposition from bewildering statistica the two apparently correlative facts; on the one hand, staggering prosperity, very generally shared, as when, on the openlag of a new mine.the applicants for employment arrive in thelr own cars; on the other hand the awful awakening to the fact that, concomitant with all this drowning wealth, with the perfection »f every luxurious device for comfort, for luxury, for reckless pleasure and for thrills\u2014morals, hope and home happiness are giving way, He quotes words he heard In a New York pulpit: \u201cWe have money enough to buy everything but the peace which passeth understanding.\u201d.We in Canada live in & country that soaks in things from a contiguous homogeneous but vastly larger mass, eo that apart from natural sympathy with a neighbor's joys and sorrows, what exists there is eminently our own concern.What !a this cloud of horrors that threatens us?The picture drawn Is a lurid one.Take, for instance, in New York: \u201ca restaurant, still crowded between aix and seven In the morning with pale, dull.eyed young peoples In evening dress, who have spent the night in dancing and drioking.\u201d What theo! Such things might be put down as necessary specks on happy and wholesome conditions.But what of the statistics?Twelve hundred suicides, largely among students between the ages of fiftesn and twenty-four.Eighty per cent.of all crimes committed by boys and girls under twenty-two, forty per cent.of the unmarried mothers, achool girls averuging sixteen years of age.\u201d Reticence here is a crime against the young.\u201cDivorces are increasing fin an arithmetical progression which, should it continue for eleven years more wonld mean that every marriage would thus end.\u201d It is to be hoped that these are rerk- less statistics; but they are warning ones.Neurotic conditions are, no doubt rightly, put down to the \u201cwhirl of new 1dens.\u201d except that it is rather, for the time being, a whirlpool of destructive nagations-a dance of death in whose hurly-burly every time-honored moral bord and conviction is snapped.I what path does hope lle for us and for our neighbors?No injury without a remedy is A maxim of law, far more true In the great world of moral rights and wrongs.\u201cHow much does your re ligion mean to you?\" \u201cQuo-uaque\u201d quotes à famous nerve specialist as asking a bewildered patient, adding.\u201cThere is one class of people [| scarcely ever see in my consulting room\u2014the people who believe and practise the Christian religion.\u201d Here is & statement whick will go home where the general and not too reassuring declaration of Bishop Anderson, of CANADA AT YPRES Bernard Partridge\u2019s classic representation of the Canadians withstanding the first poison gas attack at the Socond Battle of Ypres.The cartoon ir reprinted from or three by a growisg section of he Pusch.of 1946 THRES the Methodist Episcopal Church, that \u201cwe muet hark back to vital religion and downright godliness, or we are lost,\u201d would pass for a pious formulas.Noth- Ing more trus than that the one cure for the worlds sore is godliners, it we can only find out what that le, For the occasion there may be a weakness in the phrase \u201chark back\u201d let us remember that it iv a war-excited, school sophistl cated generation with which we have to do, a generation negatively instructed in religion, a generation ov which the aspirations toward a heaven of jeweled crowns and golden harps and everlasting bliss and rest, which as the hymns atili used testify, captivated the sighteenth century, have no grip\u2014are Indeed a suggestion of reality which only confirms unbelief.Thoss Walpurgie horrors, which our police raids and our courts continue to reveal, are the use the devil makes ot the spirit of adventure which is strong In normal youth everywhere, aud which In the divinely-implanted Impulse sub limely appealed to by the Master, whea He said: \u201cWhoso doth not bear hie cross and follow Me cannot be My disciple.\u201d The Great War left the world morally scarred and rent, but made one {hing plain, namely, that youth has lost none of that native spirit of self-devoied adventure which can rush on death for au appealing cause; !f the \u201cflaming youth\u201d of the present juncture, gorged with pleasures, is to be brought into the eer- vice of the Kingdom.it must not be by offers of luxurious bliss, which is no heaven to people trained to strenuous endeavor for the highest of achievements, still leas to those who bave had a surfeit of \u201cthrills\u201d and almlessness.[t must be by herking forward toward the better day by way of the holy war ia which It is at thelr peril that they fall to enlist.The fact la that to earthly vision the Celestial City is that New Jerusalem which bas \u201ccome down out of heaven,\u201d where it was, In the times to which the preacher, but not the prophet, wonid hark back-\u2014-the Jerusalem that ls to fill the whole earth.He is blind to the signs of the times who does not see In the contentious waves that vex today the whole surface of the human ocean, the surge from beneath of that subconscious sense of bro- therbood which.as we are frequently taught, is the essential correlative of the love between God and man.[It is the divine Spirit moving chiefy in the sub terranean sirata, a striving of the world\u2019s common soul toward it koows not what In all these malign teverish tossings, Fellowship ig the constant beckoning figure which the children of men must follow in the dark over wilds and waates till the night is gone.WW HAT has all this to do with the ants nomy between material prosper ity and hunger of soul, with which we started?\u201cHow hardly shall they that have riches enter into the Kingdom of Heaven.\u201d Dickens has a character who never found his soul till his proaperity gave way and he found himself dispossessed of everything which he had valued.Till then be was a lonely, bun- gry.unsatisfied being.With Dante, wealth pursued for its own sake Is a garment of lead upon the steep ascent to heaven.Spent for one's own sake, it leaves the soul naked and bankrupt.The only use of material advantage, like the only purpose of life that has any value, or sat.lafaction, or hope In it, is what is spent in the service of others.This truth fe commonly recognized to the extent of considerable gifte to public causes, often added to when they no longer belong to the giver.The rich man who does not obey this rule suffers post-mortem condemnation.He who does is duly lauded by saint and sioner.He has his reward, also largely post-mortem.As the Sav- four said, it is not easy to co-ordinate weaith with the whole and unreserved service of the Kingdom.To the poor the good news is proclaimed, \u201cBlessed are ye poor; for yours is the Kingdom ot God.\u201d These sayings apply aa much to nations as to men.They are not so much condemnations of wealth, though that [s continually slight, as pity for it, as ite relations with the Kingdom ia which we found the only real values are so largely negative.Nevertheless, even with na tions all things are poreible with God.80 while Canada glories in and gives thanks for her great past and for greater prospective material prosperity, let us remember the words of Virgil: \u201cIt is God who has given us Lhie comfort,\u201d lest we forget (hat Ît Le to our undoing it we do not use It to the utmost la His aervice, that le, in the service of His chide of every race ané color WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 27, 1987.A Rum Ship of Long Ago A True Story by H.J.L.Wooley, B.D.A word that does no honor te our language today se the word \u201crumehip,\u201d a name now COMmMON]Y used to designate a strange type of craft found in all waters contiguous to the US.A.The rum-ship bas a bed reputation; it is classed as the outlaw and buccaneer of the seas and is being hunted wiih increasing vigilance dy the armed ships of the American govers- ment.Even the friends of King Rum do mot come to.the defence of this dierepu- table craft, but wash their hands of the whole pasty business by declaring the rumabip to be the child of prohibition.Smash prehibition, they say, and rum-row will disappear as naturally as tbe morning dew before the rising sun.Probibi- tion has put armed ships on the Great Lakes tor the first time in over & hundred years.which may lead to serious consequences.All the lawlessness and crime waves, we are told, are the outgrowth of this modern nwisance, prohibition.se the rising generation might be led to be- Meve that King Alcohol never gave us much trouble till we tried to handcuff him.Like the Western Indian he was friendly and docile untit coerced and then be got dangerous indeed.But we raise a protest againet auch spurious reasoning and make bold te say that rum has always been the curee of the seas, and If the whole story were known it would be found that many a stout ship Bas gone to rest forever on the grest ses bottom because rum was in the hoid.Our firet witness in support of this contention is the good ship \u2018\u2019Hacket\u2019 which went to ber doom on Lake Huron uesrly a huadred years ago for the above men- Moned cause.It was not by intention that she was made a rum-ship; she was chartered for a more honorable purpose.but tie rum Inside her decks got inside Ger crew and a drunken crew is gerous with a ship as a drunken with an automobile.It was in November, 1828, that this atout schooner of the lakes, commanded by her owner, Captain John Hacket, was chartered to assist in removiog the Bri- tah gerrison from Drummond leland to Penetanguishene; for « boundary survey bad been made and Drummond Island was declared to belong to the United States.The military authorities bad eent the brig Wellington to do the moving but she could not carry everything sc the Hacket was chartered to bring what remained.On her was placed military stores and equipment, including two span of horses, four cows, twelve sheep, eight hogs, har- Bess, household furgiture, ete.Her passenger list included a small de- wachment of soldiers, a number of ¥French- Canadian voyageurs asd hall-breeds besides the crew.They were rough, but brave men, made hardy apd enduring by the rigors of the wilderness.They were men of loyal and true hearts and though they anticipated happier times at the new post on the main land, they had view- od with a tings of bitterness the hauling down of the British flag from the remparts and the handing of the keys to the American officer by (heir trusted commander, Lieutenant Carson.They obeyed when bidden to shake hands with their late enemies, but at the same time thought bard toward the members of the Boundary Commission, who had so generously agreed that Drummond Island should be transferred to another flag.However it was pot theirs to resson why, so they went about the work of moving with the ealm consciousness that they bad stood loyally for the flag when the call came and now they would turn away from the old camp ground to enjoy all that the change might bring to them.That fourth of November morning was ill and gray, when the Hackei weighed anchor and shot out with a bound into the white.capped wastes of Lake Huron.The good ship bad weathered many a rough on these inland seas and doubtless would bave delivered her cargo and crew safely at the new post on Georgian Bay had it not been that Jim Fraser, the fort tavern keeper, had been taken on board that morning with thirteen bar rels of whiekey beaides other odd bits of Hquid dynamite.Jim was a wily merchant, used to trading with all manner of men, and knew the power of a few free drinks to enhance big business in his line, #0 no sooner had Drummond Island faded into grey hare and windy cloud sheet on the western horizon, than Jim tapped a barre] and called all hands to have s last drink to \"Awid Drummond.\u201d This had the desired effect, it was like the prover bial taste of blood to this motley crowd; they came for more and still they came with their shillings and pence.nodding assent to Jim's opinion that a man surely needed something bol on euch a raw day.By night the lake was lashed into bole- terous waves by lhe increasing wind, while a driviog rain added to the general diecomfiture.The storm without and the aleohol within put the good old ship Hacket at a decided disadvaniage.Had It not bevn far Jim Fraser's wares she might have stood np trim and true to the gale but as it was she sigsagged over the waves as if trying to foil a submarine.About midnight danger loomed up right ahead, but the lookout wes pot at his post and no one saw nor cared, until a treat crash and a thuoderous jot sent the unsteady crew sprawling in all direc tions.\u201cYo, ho! in port at last,\u201d s thick voice called out and someone started a stified cheer, but the fact was that they were far from port and had met with a fatal disaster.The ship had foundered.Yes, \u201cThe good ship Hacket lay hard and fast, caught without hope on à hidden rock.Her timbers thrilled as nerves, when through them passed the spirit of that abock.\u201d The crew, though in an advanced state of intoxication, ecbered considerably in the presence of their peril, and scon had the Ife boals launched.They knew that land of some kind was near and that their only chance lay in reaching it through the boiling waves.Almost as if by mir acte they made land and scrambled up te safety on the beach.The only part of the cargo they succeeded in saving was the thirteen barrels of whiskey and this they carried to a eafe place and then huddled together and were soon oblivious to the world's mead strife.There they lay in a drunken sleep till morning broke and then roused one by one and looked around, scarcely remembering anything that had happened.Then a plercing cry trom Plerre Lepine brought them all to their feet with a bound.\u201cMe wife and chil,\u201d shouted the excited French-Canadian.\u2018Where are dey?Dey on ship yesterday, now dey Bot here) and, sure enough, these brave and fearless men had disregarded the traditional law of the sea of women and children first, and had left their only lady passenger and her babe behind, alone on the sinking ship.All night they had apored on the beach, unconscious of her perll, nor did they hear the loud bang when the big cannon crashed down a hatchway, right through the ship's bottom, siaking her below her deck.Ashamed and horror strickem, they launched a boat and a number of the crew made their way over the bumping billows to the wreck and then a joyous shout came back, for tbe woman and child etill lived, to the wild joy of Pierre Lepine.This bardy daughter of Lower Canada had wrapped her babe in a seaman\u2019s blanket, strapped it to her back and then bound herseX securely to the swaŸing mast, where she clung thromghout the rest of that awtul night.She almost died from the experience, but through the kindness and attention of the remorseful crew she gradually recovered snd lived to raise her child to womanhood at Pene- tanguishene.When the shivering men began to take ioventory of their cargo, they found that practically ail was lost except the thirteen barrels of whiskey and one horse which bad managed to swim ashore, where it gelioped madly up and down, wbinnying for Ite missing mates.Wiliam Soloman offered a large sum to anyone whe would bring the horse to Penetenguishene, but the ice formed before it couid be attempted and the poor animal perished.The island where this wreck occurred was Fitzwilliam, the most southerly of the Manitoulin group.but is better known by the name of Horsa lelané, eo named in memory of the stranded horse from this wrecked rum-ship of long ago.What became of the whiskey?! Did it perish with the horse?No, alas! John Barleycorn does not depart the earth eo peacably.In eome way unrecorded it reached Penetangu'shene without losing any of its ancient power and formed part of Jim Fraser's stock in founding the first tavern at the new British base.Let ue not be deceived.Intoxication shail remain what it slwaye has been, a source of corruption and dapger.There ls but one course we can safely recom: mend to the youth of our land and that is total abstinence.WHAT DOES THE AIRMAN HEAR?He hears very little while his engine runs, but if he were in the car of a bal locn, or his seroplane were still.and no other sound came near to interrupt, a fiy- jong man could hear the crowing of a cock « mile below, or the sound of a church bell, or sometimes the shout of & man.The report of a rifle and the bark of a dog have been heard 6.500 feet high.The noise of à train has reached 8,200 feet, and a railway whistle has been heard nearly two miles away.A man's voice bas been heard distinctly 1,800 feet high, the note of a cricket at 1.500 feet, the croak of frogs at 3,000 feet, the rolling of a cart at 3.286 feet, and the beating of a drum at 4,660 feet.Tt ie the Vitle leaks that sink the ship, and a little here.and a little there, soon mounts into s large amount, just az the pennlen make the dolin.e.A VISIT TO POMPEI At the office of Thos.Cook & Som in Naples, we secured a guide and started for Pompell, the once buried city, lecated not very far east ol Naples.The trip was made partly by carriage, the rest of the way by electric train.The city of Pompeti was once « prosperous city of twenty to thirty thousand population.The same was founded $08 years B.C.and about 300 years later de came completely Romanized, including sins of the moat repulsive kinds.The city was partially destroyed by an earthquake in the year A.D.63.For some time the city was completely deserted, but a little later on it was rebuilt.In the year A D.79 #t was totally destroyed by an eruption of MR.Vesuvius.Much of the debris has been removed but there was still a great portion of the city covered with fifteen or more feet of ashes when we were there.The probabilities are that the work of excavating te atill being carried on.We spent three honrs or more in going through the various partg of that unfortunate ctiy which for nineteen hundred years was covered with ashes and lava.It is marvelous tc note bow perfect some of the frescoes, mosaica, and paintings look after being buried in ashes and lava almost two thousand years.The beautiful carved columns, the fine sculptures, and the construction of the buildings and living apartments, prove beyond a doubt that men in those early ages had acquir- od a high standard of art and architecture.Many of the works of art which were found while excavating are carefully preserved in the museums.It is from these relics that one can get an idea of the nature of the domestic life of the peo ple in those early ages.In the museums are to be seen tools of various kinds, cooking utensils, jewelry, locks, keys, etc, otc, also the forms of men and women as they appeared at the time when they -were found.After having gone through the principal parts of the excavated city, and having bad the privilege of seeing much of its fine architecture, statuary, etc.we went near the base of Mt.Vesuviug and took a good look at that noted volcano, from the crater of which came forth that voluminous eruption of ashes and lava which completely buried the ancient city of Pompeii in a comparatively short time.Ob our return trip to the city of Naples we passed through sections that were still burled beneath the debris which had gush- od forth from the crater of Mt Vesuvius at the time of its eruption.\u2014Youth's Christian Companion.THE SORROWS OF A LIBRARIAN To the London Times and all its thou sands of readers Dr.Hagberg Wright, the famous head of the London Library.confides the sorrows caused him by those who use his ipstitution.The reader, It would appear, is à sorry rogue.He makes pencil notes on public books, he draws pictures on margins, be makes dog'a ears, or he annexes the volume outright.Still sadder is the fact that these bad habits are not confined to ordinary portals.The good and grest of the literacy world are the very worst offenders.Car- Iyle when he differed with an author used to scrawl op the margin, \"Pah!\" or \u201cYou fool!\" and he did this without In the least troubling to reflect whether the book he annotated belonged to bim or pot.Many of those which he borrowed from the London Library are profusely annotated.It may be argued in extenuation that he thereby increased their value, This was Coleridge's excuse when he wrote to Charles Lamb, \u201cYou will not mind my having epoiled à book in order to leave a relic.\u201d And Lamb, as everybody knows, rosé generously to the bait and praised his friend's sins in a charm ing essay.The historian Lecky says that Carlyle used to draw asses\u2019 sara on the margin opposite statements which offended him, but Dr.Wright, unable, after a long search, to find anything of the kind, imagines \u201cthat Lecky took badly drawn hands for asses\u2019s ea Bhelley llked to sketch trees.Leslie Stephen's taste ran to monkeys, dogs.deer, and mice, and many of his own books\u2014with which, of course, he had the right to do as he pleased\u2014contain some excellent sketches.As for the common run of readers, honesty ia the rarest of their policies.\u201cThe alacrity to borrow has sever been accompanied by a corresponding alacrity to return.Every library, public and private.suffers.Books are left in trains, in buses, in shops; they are dropped by the wayside, put away into cupboards or cel lars during spring cleanings, sold by executors as waste paper.thrown overboard from the decks of steamers into the rivers or the ocean.A member of the London Library once confessed that he had cast a London Library book into the Pacific Ocean rather than restore it to At.James's Square! Another delinquent of this order regularly hurled bis books, when read, into a river!\u201d And one of the worst offendemn among great writers wi George Eliot, who wrote in apology: \u201cI kept it (Woiff's \u201cProlegomena to Homer\u201d), ever since \u2019 November, because ! wished to read # again and relied too confidently on the unbikelihood that anyone eise would ask for it.Now, bowever, by way of Nemes is, some ardent atudent turns up w wants the said volume.You see 4 wrongdoing strikes the innocent than the guilty.\u2019\u2014The Living Age.THE WILD MAN OF THE SNOWS The Mount Everest expedition a yea or two ago ansounced the discovery of a mysterious footprint in the snow of th upper Himalayas, far beyond the lev where any native tribes were knmowa td live.This was believed to be confirma tion of & sort for the native tradition that a race of wild men lived far up thé mountains where they could only occas sionally be seen.Now from Calcutta comes the story of as Italian named Tombasi, who claim to have seen the wild men near Kabu Mountain while on a photographic expedition.Through powerful glasses he examined a creature which was walking upright, stooping occasionally to pull up roots.Later, when he went to the spot, Tombasi found footprints like those of man.Inquiries showed that no hnma: being of the ordinary sort bad crossed the Jongre Pass.The native stories, which are articles of faith with the Tibetans, Bhutans, Sikkimese, have it that the wild mea are cannibals who live in caves, avoidin parties of travellers but attacking sol tary wanderers.Colonel Howard-Bury, the leader of the Mount Everest exped tion.was inclined to scoff at the et three years ago, asserting that the J endary snow man Is usually a wolf.Th Manchester Guardian suggests learnedl that the footprints of a bird, a bear, or gray wolf can readily be mistaken those of a barefooted man.(Footprim of barefooted men in snowdrifts, for pu os of comparison, are naturally rather rare.At any rate, mothers in High Hima layas bave a fine bogey-man with which to terrify thelr offspring.SAFE MILK IN MONTREAL It would seem as if tourists are not go ing to Montreal this season because of the recent typhoid epidemic.Some tha! do go are afraid to drink milk becau the epidemic was a milk born ome.Th Nationa] Dairy Council of Canada assured tourists that for over two months the pasteurization of milk in that city hes en closely supervised by the Provi cial Health Authorities and to dri milk there is quite safe.To those wh don\u2019t like pasteurized milk, \u2018Cert Milk\u201d, which is now produced for thé Montreal market, may be had at the leading hotels.a A refrigerption service to the set Coast of South America from Vancouver and other Pacific Coast ports will be es tablished this fall and winter, it was an nounced by agents of the Blue Star Line It was stated that there was a large mar ket In South America for perishables.Last year, in addition to vast quantities of fruite and other products, Rio de Jan- etro imported sixty thousand tons of po tatoes.I CARE GRENFELL ABRADOR Naan NORTHENN MESSENG! FUND Ia Wit- ir Amount acknow! news ay ny Lees Total Previous contributions acknow- edad And paid to official $4252 Paid \"+ tor Got Fund 120.08 Total 9702.63 \u2014_\u2014\u2014 Three Friends, ont.20.60 Reader.ont 10.06 A.M.M.20.00 Mrs.H.Avenander.Que.1.90 Well Wisher, Ont.Lee Total IMMIGRANT BOYS Previous Ceptrthutions Acknowledged and paid murçner, Contributions\u201d M, Ont.Total FRIENDLY HOME FOR YOUNG WOMEN AND THEIR BABIES As the Fiscal Year of the Friendly Tiome ends Dec.Biat.\u2026.we are submilting a statement so that our acknowledge< ments wiil cofneld th thelr books.at Amount acknow led ness July 6, 19 less Kxchange Balance of 1936 payments to of- fetal presqurer included, in LE ac.Previous contributions arknow- lodged and paid to efficlal treasurer .1871.20 Reader, Ont.40.16 Total CHRIST À \u201cCOMMON MAN\" (To the Editor of the Witness) Sr, \u2014My soul was stirred with indignation at a statement I read in your excellent journal, that Christ was oniy à commons man.That statement came not from our suffering Chinese brethren, who are standing loyally by their church in these testing times.Did the 60,000 Chinese martyrs surrender their lives fa the great Boxer rebellion for the honor of & common man?Oh, no.They be Leved in the victorious immanuel, who reigns victorious over all His toss and His coming to put down all opposition under His blessed feet for ever.Such statements should have no place in your excellent paper.If Christ was mot God we had better burn our Bibles and tura atheists.I am- confident that the Cuta- esse Christiane will render a good ao count of themselves and thousands of the a will die rather than turn traitor to our Lord.The characteristic of a Chinaman is immutability, and th.stamps their faith.They never backslide once saved.They remain saved for ever.They are stars in the right band of Him whose throne is above the heavens.Was sincerely pray that this bolshevistic trouble will soon end, and cur beloved missionaries will soon be able to return to their God-given duties oùuce more.It was Christ, the mighty Maker who died for man, the creature's sin.It Christ was only a commos man our religion would be a terrible failure.JOHN PUTTENHAM.U.C.Parsonage, Perth Road, Ont, July 22, 1927.Note:-\u2014The words \u201cAs to Christ, He was a common mAn\u201d were quoted from a statement by the Methodist Episcopal group of Chinese in Kianese Province, ia an article, \u201cWhat Chinese Christians Bay About Their Religion,\u201d and were cer tainly not intéfided to dishonor, but rather to honor Christ as partaker of our common humanity.That the saying will not bear the interpretatibn put upon it by our correspondent will be evident a perusal of the whole paragraph, as follows: \u201cAs to Christ, He was a common man, a.laborer, a leader of revolution; but His tp'cit was glory, herolem, sacrifice of His own lite for \u2018right\u2019, resurrection; His doctrine was love; His purpose was to save and to be our everlasting leader.As to us Christians, we are to imitate Jesus, to lift Him up, to obey His commands and carry out His orders, to exert ourselves unreservedly along the lines of His work and thus to develop the power of the people, to release them from oppression, to emphatise the peoples e, to unite the people.to cast down imperial fem, to secure \u2018liberty\u2019 and \u2018equality\u2019.\u201d THE LONELY POET Those who have gone off on a voyage alone know how lonely that moment fis when the ship leaves the port and everybody else seems to have somebody to say good-bye and to wave farewell.Rupert Brooke, the young English poet who gave his life In the war, once went off alone from .iverpool, and he did a strange thing.He was so lonely that he came back from the ship to shore, found a ragged little boy whose name was William, and gave William sixpence to wave to him as the ship safl- od a .; Je ti should catch the eye of William, perhaps he will remember it, and he will be glad to know that he cheered the heart of his sixpenny friend, for Rupert Brooke after then did two great things: he gave himself for England on a foreign battlefield, and he gave our tongue a poem that wlil never die, those lines be- giuning: 1f 1 should die, think oniy thie of me: That there's some corner of a foreign field That is for over England.\u2014y\u2014\u2014\u2014 THE LIGHT OF A DARK NIGHT We have all been told again and again that if men were as clever as glow-worms in making light we could transform the night and turp it into day.An electric lamp gives us about one-fiftieth of the light it should give us if it were perfect \u2014-that 1s to aay, only about two per ceat.of the energy is turned lato light.Ila the firefly, however, the energy that turne to light is ninetysix per cent.If we were as efficient as fireflies and glowworms, forty-five pounds ot coal would do what a ton does now.On a dark night, when objects are only juat visible mbout us, the light which enables us to see them Is equal to that which would come from a candle at s distance of a hundred feet, That is what aclentists call oneten-thoussndtiyofa- foot candle, and on a summer's day we may have five thousand, or in some parts of the world even ten thousand, foot.candles of light, Colonel Charles Lindbergh, of St.Louis, will visit Toronto on August 31, the day of the $50,000 Lake Ontario swimming marathon.He will fiy his mono plans, \"Spirit of Bt.Louis.\u201d WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 27, 192).The \u201cBusiness\u201d of Farming By Frank O.Lowden, in \u201cAmerican Review of Reviews.\u201d In the early days of agriculture, the : farm was really a self-sustaining home and little more.The ploneer farmer could seil the surplus of the things he had produced, primarily for his own use, for enough at least to meet his small cash outlay.In the evolution of agriculture, however, everything has changed.Commercialized farming has taken the place ot ploneer farming.The farmer is à business man bound by the laws which operate in other business fields.His cash expenditures are large., It he is to produce enough of food and | slotuing for the teeming mifilions in the ! industrial centres, he too must employ in | dustrial means in production.The scythe has given way to the mower, the simple plough to the gang plough, the cradle to the powerful eelf-binder, and the flail to the threshing machine.He must empioy fertilizers if he would keep up tbe fertility of bis soil.The social needs of his community have required better drainage, better roads, and better schools, and all these have entailed a further burden up- en him in the form of taxes.He now has « large annual cask outlay.He is a producer uo longer for himself mainly, ut to supply the needs of this industrial age.The surplus which he produces is now the important thing.Cost of production, therefore, has become as vital a questfôn with the farmer as with the manufacturer.manufacturer, can go on producing inde finftely in this commerciti world at less tLan coat of production.It follows that some way must be found, if we are to insure future adequate supply of food and clothing, by which the producers of these prime necessities can secure at least the cost to them of producing those necessities.This is the conclusion which Prof.Fdward M.East, of Harvard University, roaches in his discussion of the problem.He says: The true financial worry of the farm- \u2018er comes from having to plant bis maximum acreage from slx months to a year before he receives his returns, without having any idea of the price he is to receive for his labor.not only has to plant, but he has to plant pretty much the same crops as he planted the previous year, for proper farming means specialization, He is, Therefore.between the upper and the nether millstones.Now, I am sure I can give no cob- crete remedy for this problem.It is too big and involved for offhand solution.Yet it must have a solution, even though it be somewhat imperfect, If the nation is going to make the most of ts resources.Solutions should be worked out by experts.Something can certainly be done to give the farmer a return for his products that is based on the cost of production, as in any other business; and that is all he asks.In the industrial and commercial world we have been undergoing a silent revo lution as to methods of control of production, of selling and of determining prices.of which we are hardly conscious.This has come about in various ways.In some of the important industries there le « single corporation so large and power- tul as practically to dominate the field.It has competitors In a way, and yet, by common consent, this large corporation is permitted initially to make the price.Its rivals in practice follow substantially the price thus made.In other industries, the same result is obtained through the trade association, which has become so popular & device 6f modern Industry.Manufacturers have largely taken the control of prices of their products into their own hands.Naturally, the produce: usually arrives at a price by computing the cost of production and adding what he considers a reasonabls profit.He may sometiniéa err as to what the public will pay and have to revise his price ; downward, but he himself in the first in- siance sets the price.It has followed from this trend that brokers and middle men in all other flelds have heen gradually disappearing.\u2018The produc>r has assumed the burden of naming the price.Should Farmers Set Prices?And so the farmer finds himself in a business world in which the prices of the things he has to buy come to him ready made.He can, of course, refuse to buy for the time, but in the end he must; elther yleld or go out of business.Upon the other hand, when it comes to sell- It must be; conceded, 1 think, that no one, farmer or | He | Ing under present marketing conditions, again he is not Ia position to have a voice.The price which is qffered to him | he, acting as an individual, \u2018must take or go out of business.He wonders how long | he can survive in a world which decides for him what he shall pay for what he! buys and also what he shall receive for: what he sells.He ls groping for some way by which he shall have the same .voice as to the price of his products ; which other people have in determining ! the price for theirs.Nor has the farmer, as Is commonly supposed, any quarrel with the law of ers without an Increase !n cost and some- supply and demand.No one, an far as i know, denies the validity of that law in its influence upon prices.Some of vz, however, deny that it is seif-operat- ing so as to preserve nicely a perfect balance between the supply and the demand.The law of supply and demand Is not vocal.Bome speak of it as though the law If, in some magic way, announced a price.If we examine the matter we aball find that human agencies play sn important part in the operation | of this law so far ae determining the narket price is concerned.Bome one must in the first instance name the price of any commodity.1t does : not come down from the sky.No oracle announces it.Somebody must say what he thinks a bushel of corn or a pound ct lint cotton or a pound of butter is worth today.Who is so fitted to make this first declaration as the producer him- sit?He knows that production cannot go on long unless he receives at least the cost of production.Now, this is exactly the line of reasoning which all cther producers pursue.Their fight for over a quarter of a century has been to name in the first instance the price for thetr product.To accomplish this successfully, they have found it necessary to retain control of the product until it quite or nearly reaches the consumer.They have less and less sold to distrib- uters and more and more to the consumer direct.They have regulated the ; volume of their product which is on the market at any one time, or is offered ; for sale in any particular market.In this way the price does not fluctuate from day to day and from hour to hour.Nor fs it the football of traders who have to interest in his enterprise and who are concerned only with trading profits.Perhaps the most important factor in considering the influence of the law of supply and demand in actually determining prices is this: The supply, as the economists define it, \u2018ich operates in price change \u201cdoes not mean the total stock of goods In existence but the quantity which sellers are willing and able to sell at the former price.\u201d Therefore, whoever exercises a substantial control upon the flow of the product to the market is an important factor in making the price.It is perfectly evident that hundreds of thousands ot individual producers are deprived of this advantage when each acts for himself.What the farmer asks is that he be given the same right to name a price in the first instance, and that he be enabled to acquire an organization which will secure to him the same power to maintain that price which other industries through their superior organisation now enjoy.Under present conditions we have this anomaly: The farmer is not nearly so likely to suffer from a short crop as from a bumper crop.As Professors Ely and Morehouse, in \u201cElements of Land Economics,\u201d recently published, say: \u201cA general good season may brigg a bumper crop, & fact that is heralded by the metropolitan press as a sign of thd prosperity of the farmer and of the nation.As a matter of fact, a bumper crop usual ly brings ruinously low prices.\u201d The farmer is glad when he sees the kindly earth responding generously to hus efforts to wring from {its capricious bosom sustenance for man and beast.His gladness, however, 1s tempered with the bitter thought that maybe those seeming blessings of a kindly Providence may bring him ruin.He is always confronted with this dilemma: If he produce too Mt | tie, men and women and children will be meagerly supplied with the necessities of lite; it he produce too much, the surplus for the time may break the price he receives for his product to a point | where it would have been better for cei | 1t he had let his fie.ds lle fallow throughout the year.Those who tire of the farmer's complaint say that he must adjust his production to the prohable demand, just as Industry doe: While no doubt progress can be made through farmer organizations better to coordinate supply with demand, he cannot avold the occasional surplus.Cooperative Marketing In the interest of society as well as of the farmer, we must contrive some method by which the surpluses of the very essentials of life shall become a be uefit to him who produces them and not a burden.The problem is how to attain this object.It is clear that the individual farmer cannot do it.1f the producers of any farm commodity were completely organised, they might accomplish this very end.Organlzatich of the farmers for the purpose of marketing their crops collec tively is progressing.! believe that some day it will cover the entire fleld.Denmark has shown how, under the most ad- vorse circumstances, it can tranaform the agriculture of a people.Wherever coop- crative marketing [s fartheal advanced, there you find agriculture in fits best estate; violent fluctuations In the markets eliminated; better prices to the produc- FIVE A Veteran Pudre Muses ON QUEBEC HEIGHTS Well nigh a score of years ago vu returning boat from the Old Land tied up at Quebec for a few hours when a party of us went up the heights by the citadel.It was August.The day was glorious and all things beautiful.In the company was a young woman, » lecturer it.à London, England, college who had æcen the best that Kurope offers.Looking out on the great view there came from her lips the thrill of uplift, and \u201cI never saw anything like this\u201d We had no time to think of historic associations.That privilege was granted me ia ister years.in that hour of which I write we Lad more than mind could grasp in the panorama opened up before ws.Two things 1 note on which | marvel greatiy\u2014why distance lends enchantment to the view to the exclusion of the close at hand equally good and maybe better\u2014 and why the phrases s0 often heard and sung, \u201cthis dark world,\u201d \u201cbarren wilderness,\u201d \u201cdreary waste,\u201d \"vale of shadows\u201d \u2014and a variety more?I am wondering it the most skilful optometrist could rectify eyes beholding thus?| fear the .trouble 1s deeper down.The wise man says that out of the heart are the issues of life.Come then with me, ys gloomy mortals, to Quebec heights, or open wide our lite to nature unfolded and unfoiding at youg own doors, and this will be your song: \u201cFor the beauty of the earth, For the beauty of the skies, For the love which from our birth, Over and around us lies, Father unto Thee we raise This our sacrifice of praise.\u201d NEW BRITISH DOMINION Sir Edward Grigg, Governor of Keays Colony, bas arrived In London to discuss & plan to unite the colonies of Uganda, Tanganyika, Rhodesia, Nyassa and Kenya into a self-governing federation om the African and Canadian plan.This will add a new Dominion to the British Bm- pire.sumer; an approach to standardization of product; a more intelligent effort to adjust production to probable demand; a finer and more satisfying community life.It is doubtful, however, If the cooperatives of the staple farm products are ever suficient!y organized to take care of this ever-present problem of surplus unless some way be found by which the cost of handling the surplus is borne equally by all producers of the particular commod- fly.It the producers of any farm pro duct are only partly organized and attempt to take care of the surplus, the producers of that commodity who are mot members of the cooperative réceive full benefit of the improved price without bearing any burden incident to the sur plus.Soivers of cross-word puzzles will lose no time in oblainiag a copy of the \u201cAc.rostie Dictionary.\u201d just published by G.Bell & Sons (Portugal St.London, W.C.3, price 3s.84.net).The first and last letters of all words are arranged in alphabetical order, and the solver's eye can thus save his brala much time and trouble.The book, which ts compiled by Ww.Baker, contains more than 40.608 words.Halil did 35 to 169 per cent, damage on July 20 over à ten mile strip two Lo four miles wide just north of Taber, Alberta.Silght damage was also done east of Barons.A commercial treaty between Japan and Germany based on one which wag operated before the World War, has signed in Tokio by representatives times with an actual decrease to the con- the two goveramesis.y WITNESS AND CANABIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 27, 1987.Six-Year-Old Boy Son of Ex-Crown Prince Carol Proclaimed King of Rumania on Death of King Ferdinand.Prince Michael, six-year-old son of for mer crown Prince Carol was proclaimed hing of Rumania on July 20 in succession to bis late grandfather, King Ferdinand.One hundred and one guns boomed a! salute to the boy king at 4 o'clock in the afternoon of his grandfather's death, telling (he assembled multitudes that the boy had ascended the throne.The new King, whose mother was Princess Helen of Greece, was born Oct.26, 1921, and was created heir apparent ou Dec.31, 1925, on bis father's renouncing his rights to the succession.Some time ago a regency was appointed for Prince Michael, the regency connit | ing of Prince Nicolas, a 23-year-old son of King Ferdinand, the Patriarch of Ru- | mania, and the Chief Justice of the Su- | prems Court.These three regents will rule until the young King comes of age.| lonel Bratiano, former premier and \u201cstrong man\u201d of Rumania holds the power.King Ferdinand, first King of Greater Rumania, died as he had lived.fighting stubbornly for lite with true Hohenzollern tenacity.Two of his children, Prince Nicholas and Princess Ileana were at the bedside almost constantly | during the last stages of the King's il}; sess.In addition his own Queen.Marie, | aud his two daughters, Queen Marie of | Jugo Slavia and ex-Queen Elizabeth of | Greece were at the bedside.For many | months King Ferdinand had been in bad | health, His llluess dated back several ; years when it became apparent that he suffered from cancer.The immediate cause of bis death was poeumonis contracted in the high altitudes of Sinais in the Carpathians where he was transfer red recently.The late King's will was read to the Royal family, the Regents and the Cabinet on the day of the King's death.It contained an almost pathetic appeal to Carol, former heir to the throne to re spect the memory of bis father and to refrain from throwing the country into civil war by revolutionary attempts to regain what be gave up voluntarily.Carol.however, apparently does mot frtend to follow his father's desires.Though as yet no official proclamation of his intention to claim the Rumanian throoe has been issued, Carol's friends speak of him as His Majesty King Carol and he himself, in a statement issued at bis father's death.referred to himself as King Carol II.of Rumania.in Paris there Iv a conviction that the regency will not be long-lived, and that eventual 1y the government will have to call back the exile Prince.Though in moat places the rule of Michael has been accepted.riots in favor of Carol have been report- od from one or two places.Under the will Carol is cut off from inheriting any real estate but falls beir to about $400,000 cash.The rest of the Ring's eetate, amounting to about $1- 600,600 is apportioned equally among (he other children.Queen Marle re celves the use of the palaces.King Michael is to keep them up, however, though Queen Marie will be mistress of them until Michael becomes of age.The health of the young king has been very delicate.His lungs are feared to be weak.He was brought up in the Greek Orthodox Church although Ferdinand was a Roman Catholic and Queen Marie a protestant.OCCUPY SUCHOW-FUL Qeneral Chang Tsung-Chang.civil Gov- arnor of Shantung, and one of the lead- lag Northern generals.has reported that he occupied Suchow-Fu Sunday morning.Suchow-Fu is an important raliroad function in the Northern rection of Kiangsa, which borders the province of 8hantung, and If the occupation is confirmed, it would seem to indicate that Chang has succeeded In driving the Na tionalist (Southern) forces of Gen.Chiang Ka!-Shek out of Shantune.A Dally Mall dispatch on Monday from Warsaw said Prince Tachakovako!i.añg eight Czarist officers were sentenced to death on Saturday at Kursk.in Central Russia, on a charge of organizing a coup d'etat for Grand Duke Cyril, cousin of the late Russian Czar.IRISH PUBLIC SAFETY BILL The terms of the public safety bill, introduced by President Coegrave in the Dall on Juiy 20 to dieet the situation ereated by the assassination of Vice-Pre- eldest Kevin O'Higglan, and the general hostility of the Republicans to the Irish Free State, have been made pubilc.The bill empowers the Covernment (1) te declare a state of emergency at any time and to cetablieh military courts to | Venesuela charged that Panama had been Ascends Throne try certain offences; (2) to deport any citizen belonging to am illegal organization: (3) to suppress anti-coastitution- al publications: (4) to suppress illegal organizations, and (6) to extend the death penalty to persons convicted of concealing arms.Further bitter attacks on the Latin.American policies of the United States In general and the Monroe Doctrine in particular, developed at Friday's meeUng of the fifth pan-American Labor Congress and culminated in a defence of that instrument by William Green, chairman of the United States delegation.Mr.Green's apeech served to quiet a stormy debate during which Rickardo A.Martines of \u201cstolen\u201d frem Colombia.In supporting hig own resolution attacking \"Monroe jem\u201d, Martinez denounced the \u201cfrankly imperialistic character of the United States Government clearly and explicitly net forth by President Coolidge.\u201d Hugo Eckener, dirigible expert, has conferred in Buenos Alres with political and financial leaders on establishment of a Zeppelin alr line from Europe to South America by the end of 1928.The Daily Mail's Warsaw correspondent reported that 120 executions had taken place in 10 towns in Ukraine within three days in connection with Soviet secret police activities.Married women, travelling alone, who arrive jn Cuba without official permits from thelr husbands signed by the Cuban consul at the point of embarkation, will not be allowed to land, and wiil be sent to the detention camp at Triscornia.This was announced by Dr.Santiago Cani- sares, commissioner of immigration, in explaining the Immigration decree signed by President Zayas some time ago.The order will be applied to women of foreign birth and citizenship as well as to Cuban women, Expects Success Defested Nicaraguan General Will Never Surrender to Americans, Says Turkish Observer.General Sandino, notwithstanding the defeat with numerous casuaities which his band suffered at the hands of Amerl- can marines and native constabulary at Ocotal, hopes to capture Tiecapa fort, which controls the city of Managua, now ocqupled by marines.An intercepted message addressed by Sandino to his wife, reads: \u201cAlthough they believe me weak, I shail soon occupy the Tiscapa fortress.\u201d \u201cWhoever believes we are downcast by the heavy casualties, misjudges my army, for today we are more impatient than ever to seek out {he traitors of our country, determined to dle if we cannot secures complete liberty for all men.\u201d Meanwhile United States planes reaching Managua, after reconnaisances ia the.Ocota] region, reported a few bands ot | rebels under Sandino at Chilpote, and other concentrations of rebel forces to the southeast of Ocotal.Gen.Sandino.who lead the Nicaraguan rebels against the American marines in the battle of Ocotal, will never surrender and 50,000 troops could not drive bim from the jungle fastness in which he bas taken refuge, Gen.Rafael de Noga re- cently returned from a coast to coast tour of Nicaragua toid the United Press.Many of the Liberal soldiers dud no their arms as reporte y are en Gen.de Nogales declared, basing his statements on per American authorities, sonal observations.\u201cThe only guns surrendered under the Stimson peace plan were old ones cap tured from the Conservatives,\u201d be added.Gen.de Nogales.a chiel of staff of Turkish cavalry during the World War, came to Washington at the invitation of Senator Borah, Chairman of the Sehate foreign relations commitiee, to discue his observations.\u201cGen, Sandino\u2019s attack on the marines at Ocotal was not fly-by-night, flash in the pan banditry.\u201d Gen.de Nogales said, \u201cbut it was à premeditated effort to arouse the people of Nicaragua to the realization of the oppression which they ars suffering as the result of the American militaristic policy.\u201cI visited Bandico after he refused to surrender with Moncada.Sandino is not a bandit He is an educated man with a pleasing personality, and I cannot be lieve the story told about him that he wanted to drink the Americans\u2019 blood.Such a etory is absurd.\u201cSome persons want the American people to believe that Sandino was the only one of Moncada's generals who refused to surrender and that he \u2018double crossed\u2019 Moncada.But that ls not true.Not 30 per cent.of Moncada's men laid down thelr arms.\u201cI was present when Moncada notified hia generals that he was going to give up.Psandino said \u2018Never\u2019 And then he asked all the men wbo were willing to fight lt out to join him.Seventy per cent.of tbe soldiers refused to surrender, retained their arms and marched to Ocotal.\u201d George Plunkett, son of Count Plun- kett, and the nine men arrested with him on & charge of conspiracy in connection with the assassination of Vice-President Kevin O'Higgins on July 10, were discharged this morning, no evidence being offered against them.Striking proposals for the conscription of property in time of war were made in London at the third biennial conference of the British Empire Service Lea- sue.LIGHTEN THR LOAD \u2014 Harding, ia the Brookiys Bagie.Trouble in Samoa New Zealand Blames Prohibition for Dissatisfaction of Whites in Protectorate Trouble which has been brewing ia Samoa, since 1921, when some of the chiefs petitioned the King, praying that the mandate be transferred from New Zealand to Great Britain, is now consié- ered to have reached serious proportions, because of the agitation against the ad: ministration, The present agitation, Premier J.Q.Coates said ts due to a small body who seek to destroy the confidence of the pa- tives in the New Zealand Government sud the Samoan administration.The ari- tation is conducted by a citizens\u2019 com mittee of three unofficial members of the Legislative Cotucil, three Apia mer {chante and several natives, one of whom : stated to be a notoriously bad charac- er.: Premier Coates added that the majority of the natives and Europeans regard the action of the agitators as unwarranted interference with native affaire, eud the leading chiefs, who constitute the uative Parliament, are of the opinion that the dissatistaction of the whites with the prohibition of liquor law, which is considered essential for the natives is part ly responsible for the trouble.One chief has been deprived of his title, two have been sentenced to six months\u2019 imprisonment, snd another has been sen tenced to four months.Premier Coates admitted that the situs tion was serious.While the Government is fully supporting the administrator, its oppouents degcribe his government as militaristic.The strongest criticism has been made by Sir Joseph Carruthers, former Premier of New South Wales, who has just visited Samoa.He stated the island was being governed by \u201csomething worse than martial law, indeed, something resembling Moscow methods.\u201d While expressing no opinion regarding the facts in dispute, he denounced tha deportation of hereditary chiefs without utal, which, he said, had nearly provoked ah armed uprising.\u201cSurely someone in Ssmon has blundered in taking this higb- banded attitude,\u201d be concluded.To Maintain Stand British Cabinet Determines at Friday's Meeting to Continue Naval Conference.: The tripartite naval conference at Ge reva is saved at least ter:purarily and the negotiations there for further limita tion of naval armaments will be resumed.This was decided on Friday at the long- ert British Cabinet Council held since the anxious days of the coal strike last year.The ministers sat for more than four hours to hear the reports of Vis count Cecil and W.C.Bridgeman, First Lord of the Admiralty, on the difficulties which have been encountered at the Ge neva conference and to uiscuss them.It was decided that Viscount Cecil and Mr, Bridgeman, who had returned to London to report on the conference, will re turn to Genéva almost immediately to resume their labors and that they will ' return with the cabinet's full approval of the lines which they have taken hitherto.Little real apprehension had been ex- | pressed in London that the conferences had collapsed.This fear was excluded by the fact of Prémier Baldwin's departure for Canada with the Prince of Wales on Baturday, but it was thought that difficulties might arise within (he Cabinet itself.Friday's council was held in the Prem- ler's room in the House of Commons, Premier Baldwin presiding and Sir Austen Cbamberlain, Foreign Secretary, the Farl of Balfour, Winston Churchill, Chancellor of the Kxchequer, and a majority ©) the Cabinet being present.Despite the length of the sitting, it is understood that discussion was still unfinished when the meeting broke up because various ministers bad political engagements in the country.No official communique was issued, but it was stated authoritatively that the Cabinet approved the attitude of the dele gates and thelr return to Geneva.It is understood.however, that further din-us- sions of detalles are required and that the mtoisters will confer over the week-end with experts of the Committees of Impert al Defence.U.8.Stande Pat The United States will stand pat ia her insistence upon the liberty to build any Kind of secondary cruisers she desires and mount on them those types of guns Lest suited to United States naval necds.according to information received from Geneva, WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY £7, 1987.Royal Party Busy Prinoe of Wales and Premier Baldwin Will Arrive Next Saturday.Crowded hours lle ahead of the Prince.of Wales, Prince George, Premier and Mrs.Baldwin and party durlug their stay In Cana The official program opens with the arrival of the party at Quebec at 10.30 a.m.July 30, and terminates with the departure of Premier and Mrs.Baldwin and thelr party from North Sydney at 10.30 s.m., August 18.They there smbark for home on the Empress of Scotland, which will sall a day ahead of her usual schedule to make the call at North Sydney.From Quebec west to Calgary the two Royal Princes and the Baldwin party travel together.From Calgary the Prlace of Wéles and Prince Georga proceed to the FE.P.ranch.The length of their stay there la still indefinite, but it is understood that the Prince of Wales will visit British Columbla.Accompanied by members of his Government and by the Ljeutenant-Governor of Quebec, Premier King will board the Empress of Australis officially to welcome the visitors to Canada.Premier King will remain in Quebec during Saturday and will take part in the reception at Ottawa and accompany the party to Brockville, Kingston, Niagara and return.Premier King will again jola the party at St.John and remain with them till they sail from North Sydney.The parties of the Prince of Wales and Premier Stanley Baldwin, who left on Saturday for their Canadian tour, each number fifteen persons.Sir Lionel Halsey, controller of the Prince's household, Brig.General G.H.Trotter, Capt.Alan Lascelles and Major the Honorable Plers Legh will be in attendance on the Prince and the party will also include the Prince's two valets, servants of members of his sta and two Scotland Yard detectives.The Prince of Wales and Prince George will share valets so as to restrict the size of the party and no footmen will be taken siong.The party will arrive ta Quebec on July 30.KNIGHTHOOD FOR DR.GRENFELL His Majesty the King conferred a Kaighthood of Order 6f St.Michael and St.George upon Dr.W.F.Grenfell on Monday afternoon at the formal opening of the new $120,000 hospital at 8t.Anthony.The erection of the hospital was made possible largely through the efforts of the Grenfell Association.His Excel lsncy the Governor officiated at the ceremony, the Governor being represented by Judge F.Morris, .The following message was received trom King George: \u201cSixteen years ago on the occasion of the laying of the foundation stone of the Seamen's Institute In St.John's.which bears my name.I expressed my high appreciation .of the work that Dr.Grenfell.and those associated with him, were doing for the sallore and fishermen of Newfoundland.\\ Since thea EF have watched with interest the progress of that work, and It is with very great pleasure | have learned that it is now to be extended by prov'sion of a new hospital at St.Anthony.1 trust that the hospital will prove of the greatest benefit to the peopie of Newfound land.\u201d \u2018The hospital has been endowed to ensure its continuance in the future.The completion of this lastitution was described In a.message sent to St.Anthony by the Prime Minister of Newfoundland as the climax of Dr.Grenlfell's valuable services duriug a period of thirty-five years* among the sick and alling fisher men of Newfoundland.Intensification of the boycott ot United States goods throurhout Latin-America will result from the Nicaraguan situation.dactare Mexican leaders of The Union of Central and South America and the Antil- lea.\u201d This organisation claims to have branches in all Latin-America with the exception of Paraguay and Brazil.it is dedicated to the opposition of what ft calls Yankee imperialism and\u2018 aggression in Latiu-America.Mummies before they got that way auf- fered from about the same diseases that we moderns are heir to.This Information was conveyed to the British Medical Aasoclation meeting in Edinburgh, by Sir Humphrey Rolleston.A mummy dating 2300 B.C., sa'd Rolleston, shows existence of rheumatism, pneumonia and pyorrhes.Bigns of cerebro spinal trouble have now been recognized In the bust of Alexander The Great, said the speaker.Nelson Biswanger.aged 74.rescued yourg Johnnie Langille from drowning after the boy lost his bslance while attempting to walk along the edge of the bridge over Salmon River.Nova Scotl and fell Into the swollen stream.De: pits the swiftness of the current t man swam out to the lad, who was rap fdly being carried down stream, and suc- cesded in hauling him to shore.Bis.wanger is a returned man and was decorated for bravery overseas.KING OF EGYPT VISITS THE.BRITISH CA PITAL King Fuad of Egypt (left) with his staff, in their brilliant uniforms, waiting to disembark from the \"Maid of Orleans\u201d at Dover, where he was met by the Prince of Wales and escorted to London.Licenses Forfeit Quebec Government Cancels 600 Motorists\u2019 Licenses for Speeding Close on 600 automobilists in the province of Quebec bave been deprived of their licences this season and with\u2019 more stringent means being taken to entorce the law against speeding.it is possible that this number will reach 1,500 by the fall, deciared Hon.J.L.Perron, provincial Minister of Roads, in the course of an interview with a Montreal paper.\u201cI will take away the licence of every motorist who drives la a dangerous manner,\u201d he declared, \u201cand there are three classes whom [ will fall on with much force.\u201d These three classes, he said.are people who drive while under the Influence of liquor; young \u201cbloods\u201d of 21 to 24 years old who cannot be refused driving permits, but who use tbe provincial ronds as race tracks, and truck drivers.Truck drivers, be said, are among the most serious offenders.but by (ar the worst are tourists, closely followed by women drivers.Hon.Mr.Perron stated that he had wow nearly a hundred speed traps In all parts of the province and that since they commenced work there had been a little reduction in the number of speeders, but that there was still room for a great fm- provement.\u201cI don't like ppeeld traps,\u201d he said.\u201cWhen ! first me minister, I abolish.od them, but I had to refstrodtce them.The state of affairs on our roads was terrible.\u201d Many trafic policemen are injured by motorists who deliberately rua down the policeman when about to be caught, Mr.Perron said.MILLIONS FYLED IN INSURANCE CLAIMS Successive hail storms during the past three weeks have taken a heavy crop toll in Saskatchewan and nearly 3,000 fnsur- ance claims, involving millions of dollars, have already been fyled in local hall ja- surance offices.Following the storm ot July 19.which ! lashed the southern portions of the province, more than 1.600 claims have been entered, and the number will be materi ally swelled as the result of another storm that swept the Lumsden and Rad- vlile districts late Thursday.At Lume.den many grain fields were levelled, losses reaching as high as 76 psr cent.The hail extended west as far as Buffalo Lake and north beyond Bethune, although crop damage was very slight in the northern areas.Torrential rain feli around Regina.but no damage except lodging of grain was reported fiom nearby farms.London Fillers Sign Contract The contract for the London-to-London filght with Capt.W.R.Maxwell and Capt.T.B.Tully as co-pilots was formally signed on July 20 with Charles Burns, donor of the $25,000 prise.The fliers spent the morning making s further survey of possible flying fields with the necessary two-mile take-off within a few miles of the city.Though they have secured the permis.ston of Hon.W.Finlayson.Minister of lauds and Forests, for leave of absence long enough to prepare for the Aight, fy to London and come back on the first steamship, they left the city a tew hours later to make necessary armngements in this connection.They will return this week to superintend the appointment of the fleld and will be in London when the seroplane arrives from Detroit in about three weeks time.It Is understood that the filers favor the latter part of August for the aight.CANADA HAS 83 COLLEGES Canada had 83 colleges lu operation last year.Of this total, there were 42 affillated institutions, including 31 classical colleges, llttle seminarles and independent non-subsidized classical schools in Quebec, 30 theological, 4 agricultural.2 law, 1 military, L technical, 1 commercial, f pharmacy and 1 veterinary.The total registration of these colleges was approximately 17,758, In addition to 3.039 included with secondary technical institutions, thls registration, accordiug to the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, composed about 5.600 doing work of uni versity standard, 6.200 work preparatory to matriculation and the remainder tak- Ing vacation courses, extension courses, evening courses and the like.Of the students of university standard.by far the largest group were in arts with a total of 3.053.Theology, philosophy, medical and missionary courses and related subjects ranked second with 1164.Agriculture was third with 450.and law fourth with a total of 404.Pharmacy had 144 students, commerce 112, vaterinary sclence 66 and engineering 39.Practically all the studeats of university grade were full time atudents.Test Liquor Act Hamilton Interests Charge Convictions Under New Law Invalid.Several of Hamiiton's prominent lawyers stated Friday that plans were being laid to make a test In the Court of Appeals.and even the Privy Council, of certain clauses of the Liquor Control Act which are held to be unconstitutional.M.J.O'Reilly, K.C., stated that he has inken steps to appeal recent decisions of Magistrate Jelfs wherein convictions wera Imposed uader the Liquor Control Act.Mr.O'Reilly declined to state what | clauses of the act he would challenge, as be was reserving these points until the Issue reaches the Court of Appeals.The clause which the lawyers wiil contest In higher courts.it is learned, Is that which allows a Magistrate or Judge to convict on the assumption that liquor la belng sold.although no direct evidence of such sale is necessary.There have been several convictions here since June 1, where alleged bootleggers have purchased large supplies of liquor and beer ; où thelr permits from Government stores, | and have been sent to jail because they , could not explaln to the satisfaction of {the court how such supplles were consumed so rapidly.The assumption permitted a Judge or Magistrate under the Liquor Control Act la that these persons sold tbe l!lquar illegally.The first appileation by à wife tn have her husband's liquor permit cancelled has been received by Judge Evans from a Hamilton woman, who charges that her husband makes such a disturbence in the house when he ts drinking that ashe caunot sleep.The case will be heard this week.Three sailing vessels were piled up on Cape Cod.a Nantasket excursion steamer and a United Fruit liner had crashed in the harbor, 400 passengers on a Pro.vincetown-Boston ship were marooned all right and the Leviathan, the world's Iurgest steamship, was awaiting clearance weather to enter port July 21, asa\u2019 result of one of the heaviest fogs which ever blanketed the New England coast.Harbor and coastwise trafic along the Massachusetts.New Hampshire, and Maine coasts was at a standstill.Eighty-eight burfat lamas or Bud: dhist priests, charged with opposing Bo- viet administration in the Aginsk district of Transbaikalia, have been xivea fall terms of from one to five years.The offences charged consisted of opposing nationalisation of monasteries and the removal of clergy from oublie offices and © the refusal to pay taxes, Lauds Wheat Pool British Premier Looks Forward With Pleasure to Meeting Canadian Farmers.Premier Staniey Baldwin.io « speech al a rally of the Conservative Association of Lincolnshire at Lord Heneage's seat, Halaton Hall, referred to bis coming visit to Canada.The Premier said: \u201cl am golng to participate in the celebration of the Diamond Jubilee of Con- tederation there, and, | may add, my own diamond Jubilee, too.\u201d (Premier Baldwin was born on August 3, 1867.) The Premier mentioned that he would visit Winnipeg In his tour of the Domim- fon, and said: \u201cIl wonder how many of you have followed what the farmers of Canada have done.For years they were 'moukeyed\u2019 about by dealers and speculators in wheat, but in less than five years the marketing methods in Western Canada have been revolutionized and depression has given place to optimlem.That is one reason why I am going there.I want te be among the optimists for a week or two.\u201cAll this has been done by the farmers themselves.Confronted by the slump following tbe post-war boom, they consulted together and formed a pool of the great wheat-producing provinces and this pool le governed by the farmers.A .year ago they had a membership of 135,000.They disposed of 212.000,000 bushels of graim grown on 14,000.000.000 acres of land, or 70 per cent.of the total crop of the whole Dominion.That gigantic effort, by seit-help and keen work, saved thousands of Canadian farmers from disaster.\u201cA movement like this has its critics, but it Is authoritatively clalmed for it that it prevented the glutting of the market, smoothed out the prices and ruled out the unnecessary middleman.\u201cYour problems at home are less In magnitude, but much more complicated in detail, and I should like to sees them faced with the same organised and cooperative business ability as that with which your brothers in Canada tackied their problems.\u201d Phil Wood, brother of Gar Wood, famous speed boat pilot, bas ordered a Stinson monoplane with which he will attempt a non-stop flight from Wiadsor, Ont, to London, Eng.The proposed flight !s being backed by Edmund T.Odette, M.P., from East Essex, Ont.and Windsor business men.Wood aaid he plans a \u201cWindsor to Windsor\u201d ht, landing as near as possible to the royal residence, Windeor Castle, thus breaking tbe long distance record for a single bop.He will be accompanied by C.A.Schiller, of the .Canadian Government aerial patrol.The directors of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, In a report just issued, approved the proposed Great Lakes@t lawrence waterway project which would transform that city into an ocean port, doing a business of more than $170,000, 000 annually, Plans of the Detroit end Windsor subways compatiy for a twin tube under the Detroit river have been tentatively ap proved by the Windsor city council.Mayor C.Æ.Juckson told the aldermen tbat the company is ready to proceed with construction of the tunnel as soon 2a the necessary enabling bylaws are Passed by the Windsor and Detroit councils.Repeating his successes of randos and Calgary.King of the Prairies, t huge white shorthorn bull, purchased the Frank C.Baker Farms of Hick Mills.Mise.from the Priace of Wales\u2019 Alberts Ranch, wou the senior and grand championship of his breed at the Edmos- {| tou Bxhibition oa July EIGHT \u201cProhibition WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 27, 1987.and Youth\u201d Prize Essay in National Prohibition Oratorical Contest Conducted by M.B.Church.(By Hasel Parkhurst, of Portland, Maine.) The liquor evil is the most cruel, devas tating and monstrous of the many ilis that afiict mankind.Its control and final eradication are herculean tasks.Oue of the ways in which this work can be accomplished is through the eulightenment and enlistment of youth, who, come to the oa tate of maturity and responsibility, will} fight the evil to its death and so rid the world of a frightful curse.The friends of prohibitioa do not dis pute the fact that it is an extreme mes- sure.While no attempt is made to prohibit a man from drinking, the suppres sion of the trade makes it dificuit for him to obtain the beverage he desires.When this difficulty becomes greater than his destre for drink, it is in practice, though not in theory, a curtaliment of his personal liberty.Thomas Jefferson said that the best government governed the least.It is therefore necessary to prove that the legalised liquor trade is en evil so hurtful to the common good in Its physiological, social, economic, aud political effects that the extreme measure of prohibition is a justifiable means of protecting society as a whole.A generation ago the reariug of chil dren was a matter for serious and constant thought, not to speak of prayer, and & child was not considered properly reared wntil his 31st birthday.Today a great many parents honestly beileve that the child should direct his own development, | that he should build up bis own \u201cinhibitions\u201d instead of being afflicted with \u201cpro- hibitiona.\u201d The authority exerted over the child is very slight: the confidence reposed in bim is sublime.This is an aitered situation with new and strange responsibi- Htfes.The appeal of gamblers, of the produc.ars of perverted fiction and drama, and of the perverters of sport is directed to youth.Among the problems of youth is that of how youth may find its place in the modern world.The solution of this is the great adventure.Theres are per sonal probleme of physical, mental and moral efficiency.There is the problem of youth as a citizen.The greatsst part of this problem today is that of alcohol, the Immensity of which puts it In a class by Itself.Its social and economie Implications touch every phase of life.its solution will | contribute mers to social welfare than the solution of any other preblem of our day.The passing of the legal liquor trafic has not ended the necessity of training of youth.Ageold customs and ideas concerning slcobolic drinks die hard.In them ia rooted much of such use of alcoholic liquors as persists.The homes which still hold these ideas tend to set their stamp on the young people who come from them.Habit-forming drugs present a serious situation iu some sections.Both the alcohol and the drug problems are primarily youth problems.Modern scientific investigation is steadily throwing new light on them.Youth has a right to knowledge of these | facts, especially as they affect questions of present day industry.Further, thers are over one million foreign-born young people in the United States between five and nineteen years of age; about eight millions of foreign born of mixed parentage.Hundreds of thousands of these are not long removed from countries where the .dea of personal abstinence, much less of prohibition of the liquor traffic, is almost unknown.Such heve no background for understanding why this nation is trying to abolish the ii quor traffic, or the disadvantages in modern lite of persohal drinking.In justice to their future relations to the nation, we must help them to understand why abstinence from alcoholic beverages is a personal advantage to health and prosperity, and that the United States bas abolished the legal trafic in these beverages and in babit-forming drugs to assist its citizens in achieving health, prosperity and self-; control.; Every year millions of children pase be youd the direct influence of the school.kvery educator will heartily agree with the importance of protecting, through edu- | cation, the children and youth of our na ton against alcohol and kindred poisons.The home has its part of the task but the home Ia often uninformed.God alone knows what conditions would be.with the enlarged freedom which young people now bave, if prohibition wers Lot in existence.There would be an immeasurably greater amount of drunkes- ness and debauchery than there !s now.It fe the greatest possible blessing that prohibition has been a law during (his uustable period when the youth has such vast freedom.It is the breaking down of homes, and parental irresponsibility which create the problem of today and Rot the Volstead Act.The statement that prohibition has produced these conditions is an absurdity.The trouble with prohibition Is not rohibition itself, but that it has not bon given a fair chance.Before there fod be any comsiéeration of a change the Volntead Act there should be an honest and conscientious effort made to enforce the law.In an effort to assail the efficacy of the eighteanth amendment, a tremendove attack ls being made upon the youth of the land.The boys and girls of this gen- station are pictured as drunkards.Prohibition is driving them to destruction.Of course, it ts not so.Ome has only to use his eyea to mee that it isn't.President Richmond of Union College, has testi- {lod that thers is loss drinking at his college than evere before, aud that the average boy today is leading a cleaner life than the average boy of thirty or forty years ago.The reat of us know what is h.ppening outside of colleges.Boys and girls are not reeling along the streets.It is nonsense to say that boys | began to drink only when prohibition came or that prohibition has made more of them drink.Facts are all aguinst such a conclusion.Before prohibition there were hundreds of places where they could get liquor to every one that fe open to them now.In the old days they could not walk a block in some cities without passing a swinging door.There was everything that saloons could do to make them drink and only what parents could do to keep them sober.When (ens of thousands of saloons were wide open and selling liquor to boys, the saloons said nothing about boys drinking.Now that only a few places ate selling liquor to boys or anybody else the liquor interests are making a great outcry about what is happening to our youth.Why this sudden saloon interest io youth?It isn't interest; it is propaganda.The liquor gentiemen seek only to use the youth of the land aa clubs with which to beat down prohibition.A Literary Digest questionnaire re ports that drinking In colleges and drinking by t younger generation as a whole has dec.sed under prohibition, that the tipsy student is as unwelcome as he is becoming unfamiliar, and that the student body of today is of a much higher moral and intellectual standard than in the days of booze and beer.| in estimating the decline ef student drinking, consideration must be taken of the fact that the number of students in the colleges increased from 200,008 in 1918, to 700,000 In 1924.Any accurate { comparison of the drinking among stu- | dents prior to prohibition and now, therefore, must take Into account this tripling in attendance.In other worde, if the percentage were the same now as in 1918 three students must be drinking to the former one.As a matter of fact, how- jever, there are actually fewer drunkards now than in the days when there , were only one-third of the present num- .ber of students.! The college presidents resent the charge that the generation of youth today is looser in its morals than is that ! generation which now site in the Judgment seat and forgets the follies of its {ova heyday of youth, and we are frequently reminded that ome drunk does { not make à campus spree any more than does one swallow make a summer, and | tor the same reason attracts as much attention.I believe, however, that anti- } prohibitionists capitalize such instances iof crime and immorality solely to give |i spit; a black eye.in spite of all the anti-prohibition propaganda to the contrary, the Voistead idea is not ruining the youth of today.In fact, prohibition has made home and | moral conditions much better, especially .Among those iu moderate and poor circumstances.It has brought peace and prosperity to the homes of poor families, so that children have a better chance than ever before.In conclusion may I presume, on behalf of Americar youth, to issue a challenge to the citizens of our beloved country.Shall not every civic organization stand « solidly behind the eighteenth amendment and {ts enforcement?Shall not the pub- Me school, the Christian church, the Christian home, each array itself on the side of prohibition and temperance edu- 1 cation?Shall not every true citizen by {example and teaching, train these that the good already begun by national prohibition shalt go on to a glorious fulfil ment of its promise ?\u2014National Enquirer.LABOR PARTY AND DRINK The following members of the British Parliament, George Lansbury, Dr.Alfred Salter, F.Montague, W.8.Cluse, R.W.Wallhead, Tom Groves, and Wiifred Wel.lock, propose that the Parliamentary Labor Party refrain from the use of alcoholic drink and tobacco for six months, after the passing of the Trades Union Bill, as a lead to the workers of the country whom they onl upog to foliow thelr example.The Social Democrat Federation, In their organ, \u201cThe Social Democrat,\u201d supports this pro posa), and suggests that the 7,000,000 Trade Uslonists, and à few million others should do this as a protest against the Government Trade linlea Bi) Whatever the reamit of such action upon the partioular measure in question, there in no doubt that there woulé be some effect on the bealth and social Life ry worker.\u2014 Everybody's Moathly (Bel HIJACKING IN MONTREAL Two gunmen Iu Montreal sw down \u201cpou an automobile laden with 91,189 worth of choice spirits and wines on July 15, held up Its two occupants and after forcing them to alight, drove away with the vehicle.Bhortly after ten o'clock the same night the car was found wbandoned and empty.The owner of the auto and liquor, Justin Thibodeau, of 4411 Delanaudiers street, bad gone with an employee to obtain more liquor to place In the car, when the holdup occurred.Two young mem rapidly approached the other two smployees who remained with the auto and, producing revolvers, ordered Thibodean\u2019s men to the sidewalk.They stepped In and drove away.When Thibodeau, ladea with bottles, returned to the corner he found bis two em- playees without the car.The hold-up was later reported to the pollcs.The auto was soon recovered and efforts were made to learn the identity of the bandits GOVERNMENT CONTROL DOES NOT BLIMINATE BOOTLEGGING AND HIJACKING.PROHIBITION IN RUMANIA Finance Minister Vintilla Bratiano has announced a prohibition plan Sor Ru mania.Bratiaumo plans a proportional decrease during twelve years, and proposes compensation for wine producers.Spirits wiil be sold only in shops of the \u2018State, in ever decreasing quantities, so \u2018that after twelve years the country will be entirely dry.In the issue of \u201cTruth\u201d dated Jume 1st, we find this comment: So with Prohibition.It is such a fatlure that General Motors bave had to distribute 00 less a sum than $17,400,000 in extra earnings to the embarrassed stock-holders.The company is bit both ways.In the first place, the workers who used to spend thelr money In the saloon insist on buying automobiles, and, in the second place, ths workers who make the automobiles insist ob being as efficient on Monday as other days, and after lunch as before.Protecting Life Have Been 14,640 Fewer Deaths in U.8.From Alcoholism Since Prohibition There have been 14,640 fewer deaths caused by alcobolism iu the six Probidi.tion years in the United States than would have occurred at mormal pre-Probdbition rates of 1910-1917.The average anaual death rate in the pre-Probibition years was 5.2 per 100,000 population.In 1925 It was but 3.6.This ls according to recent tables of the Census Buresu.\u2018This great saving of 14,640 lives bas occurred desplte an increase in alcoholic mortality occurring In some States since the sharp drop of the first Prohibition year.This reaction due ence, which induced drinking, bas needlessly cost the country about 9000 Hves that might have been spared had purposeful sbetinence and law observance maintaln- ed the sicohoHsm mortality rate of the first Prohibition year.Small pox caused only 70% deaths in the United Biates in 1925; alcobolism caused 3,694.A person wbo dies of alcoholism 1s just us dead as the one who dies of small pox.Yet alcoholism is easier to avoid than small pox.It is significant that the group of States which have showed the heaviest percentage of increase In alcoholic death losses since 1920 Includes those commonly known as \u201cwet\u201d strongholds.Alcoholism is an ab solutely preventable cause of death; it still is killing an unnecessary number of ejti- sens.Prohibition is designed, among other objects, as a protective health measure.\u2014 H.R.Francls, In \u201cMelbourne Spectator.\u201d TEMPERANCE IN ENGLAND GAINING The temperance cause in England and Scotland is gredually becoming more powerful, total abstinence ls growing in public favor, the great drunkenness in evidence a few years ago is no longer seen.These were statements made In Halifax by J.McG.Mcintyre, Most Worthy Beribe of Great Britain, in addressing the National Division, Sons of Temper: ance of North America in annual session.The speaker, who was reviewing the temperance situation in Great Britain, declared that the greatest danger in that country today is the drinking of wine by young women, This is on the increase.\u2018Other apeskers at the meeting were Mrs.H.D.Newcombe, Halifax, Worthy Patriarch Mayflower division, and Rev.W.8.Loring, Avondale, N.8., Grand Worthy Patriarch of Nova Scotia, Mr.Lor ing asserted that the beat solution of the liquor question was education to organization of the tMegal traffic and to the ridicule of Prohibition and total abetin- What Doctors Say How Well Known Medical Men Look on Liquor Traffic Dr.Chas.A.Mayo, interpationaliy known surgeon and President of the American Medieal Association in 1917 made a state ment at Montreal on October 18th last in regard to alcohoi, as follows: \u2014 \u201cAlcohol bas no place in medicine.It js 8 narcotic, not a stimulant, .Whatever happens to us as a result of the Volatead Act, I am convinced that the next menora- tion In the United States will be better for that contentious plece of legislation.\u201d Buch a stetement by so eminent a wan should surely carry conviction to thoughtful minds.Dr.C.A.L.Reed, Cincinnati, Ohio, past president of the American Medical Associa.ton\u2014\"The tendency of aleodol Ia amy quantity is to produce more or less congestion of the blood vessels of the stomach, «nd of the intestines, and it long continued, of the liver and kidneys.\u201d \u2018 Alexander Lambert, New York, Pres.of American Medical Association in 1919\u2014 \u201cEight months ago I gave up the nee of aleohol and nitrogiyceria la treating pnew- monia in my division of Beilevue Hospital (there are four division), and used those drugs by which he obtained « rise in blood pressure.After three monthe, wèen each division had from 125 to 137 patients each, I found in thase cases where alcohol had Deen used, the death rate wus 10% bigher them where drugs that ralsed the blood pressure were used.\u201d Dr.John B.Marphy, Cticago, a past president of the American Medical Asscoin- tlon\u2014\u201cI do not consider apirituous liquers at all necessary in the treatment of die se.\u201d Dr.J.H.Musser, Philadelphia, another past president of the American Modical As- sociation\u2014\"In the medical wards of the Penneylvania Hoepital ! bave found that in acute as well as chronic disease we can do without alcobol.It does barm rasher than good.\u201d Dr.Hertcourt, Director of the Scientific Review\u2014\"Alcoboi, even in the doses that some would styie beaithful, could very truly be the cause from diminishing the re sistance of the organism to Infections dis- canes.\u201d - The President of the British Medical As sociation, Mr.R.QG Hogarth, CBE, F.RCS.speaking on July 23nd, said: \u201cIt was bis belief that a great deal of intems- perance has been caused by the very easy and flippant way in which doctors ordered alcohol, but Dow, he thought, the profession wag more conscious than ever that it ought to be most careful la prescribing alcohoi in discase.\u201d .Sir Victor Horsey, England's greatest neurological surgeon\u2014\"No one who das closely investigated the actions of aicobol in recent years prescribes alcohol.everyone will feel relief when it is abolished.\u201d Prof.Metchinikoff, Pasteur Institute, Paris\u2014\"Alcohol bas a barmful action on the phalocytes, the agents of natural de fense against defective microbes.\u201d Dr.Arthur Deaa Bevan, Chairman of tha American Medical Association\u2014\"More than M out of 106 prescriptions written for a plot of whisky are bootlegging preserip- tions and are a disgrace to the medical profession.\u201d The folowing resolutions were passed by the American Medical Association at the Annual meeting in New York, June, 1917: \u201cWhersas, We believe that the use ef alcohol as » beverage is detrimentel to the human economy; and, , ite ues in therapeutics 20 a tomis or stimulant or ss a food hes mo scientific basis; Therelore, be it TEMPERANCE OUTLOOK BRIGHT IN NOVA SCOTIA A Government control platform will defeat any party iz Nova Scotia declared Dr.H.R.Grant, secretary of the Nova Scotia Social Service Council, in addressing the King's County branch of that organization receatly.Dr.Grant stated that the temperance outlook in Nova Scotia was never brighter, that law enforcement was dally improving and that the temperance peoples of the province were well on the way to having the finest probébition organisation for educational and campaign purposes that exisis ia Canada.MOVES The National Temperance League bas re moved to ita new house, No.33 Bedford Place, Russell Square, London, W.C.1.These sow quarters thus become the hepdquarters of The Scientific aad Mjucational Temper.anes Movement By W.J.Gibson, in The poltfse supervise carefully the laming and outgoing of visitors.| © we left the ship our passports had be handed up to a police official, who on board, and from whom they to be retrieved on our returs.Some the police wear a grey friese uniform unsmart appearance, and the belt was ually awry and the tunic rumpled.At of the busy street crossings ia Pera stood to see how traffic wes regulated.n the centre of the croasing was the po- man in control.He was & smail man an anxious manner, distinguished by large red pith helmet and a red belt d armliet.Ja his hand ke held aloft a tle baton, striped red and white, rather pend\u2019 a very diminutive barbers ls, and by a twirl of this he gave per- ission to each vehicle to proceed.1 missed the street dogs.They used have & picturesque place Iu ali travellers\u2019 accounts of Constantinople.One membered their lively descriptions of © rival canfne packs that had the city uartered Up into exclusive beats, the its of which were strictly obeerved.Il have vanished.Those im authority lecided some years ago that the dog ould be tolerated no longer.eported together to one of the smaller da and left there to perish.As eise- fu the Near East, there were many ples of the contrasted mixture of and new: a string of motor cars a rough wagon drawn sluggishly by a m of oxen with great, apreading ns, or between the shafts of a moderna we see a horse with Its neck adorn- by the string of lucky blue beads that over the Near Bast ward off the evil ye and other sinister influences.One of the strange places we visited as an underground cistern of enormous Imensions which was intended fa an- lent days to store & supply of water for je oity drawn from a twelvemile aque- uct.The cistern as originally construct- la the time of Constantine was open the aky, but was vaulted over by or- rt of the Emperor Justinian.The water hes far futo the black distance, the ws of pillars, of which there are some undreds, supporting the roof, seem end- ose.The usual stories that haunt such derground lakes are told\u2014of people go- afloat on the waters smd being un- 6 to find their way back to the point nce they started.The place, with ts chilly atmosphere, damp smell, and im perspective running out into the cknees certainly leaves a weird and gilte plonsant impression on the vis- tort Wearing of the Fez The people In the strests are quits estern in appearance; thers is nothing t the mystery and variety of Cairo or zepdria or Jerusalem.During the wo days wa apent in the cky I été not à aingle man wearing the red fes t we had come to regard as so racteristic of the Moslems, and only res women were noticed who wors the It was interesting to ses how ect.That the new Republic should uble about what men wsar oa their ds may be a wonder to some, But he prohibftion, I understand, had s good esl more in ft than a mere attempt to odernize the fashion of headgear.As ng aa a Mobammedsn wears a fes he an in making his devotions touch the ound with his forehead fn orthodox E But to wear a hat with a brim now prescribed prevents this; in other Vora, the abolition of the fes is cignif- sat of the secularizing attitude of the for Turkish Government.In one of our rives we passed near & native schaol, nd the drone of the children reciting loud came to us clearly.Some of them ere coming out, and lined up to see us s, but I am afraid it was jeers and ot cheers that speeded us on our way.e little lass, more plous or more patri- tic than the others, stepped forward and t at the gisours, Among the figures sing, especially on and about the uays, the hamals, or porters, particular.y caught the eye.They seemed able to vy huge loads, and gave one the fm- ession of a hard life of sweating tofl lding à bare subsistence.A good fes- ure of the city was the relative absence t beggars: There was mo asking for ims about the entrances of public plac- , ag In Cairo and Jerusalem.Though ere was occastonal Begging oun the sot, ft was on a very restricted acale compared with the universal whine lor backaheesh that echoes through Palestine, and Syria.: Stamboul From the Sen Tie beautiful and romantic appearance of the Turkish city as we saw it from the sea proved deceptive.Whea one enters In behind the grandeur of the brave front, closer acquaintance briugs disillu- ton.There, IN mean and narrow streets f wretched dwellings, swelter sad wel ter the poor sod the submerged lower Plass that coastitutes an Important part WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 27, 1927.Scenes in Constantinople \u201cInverness Courier\u201d of these hundreds of thousands of people.What is needed la that a city of such noble position, a natural ceatre of great trade and the link between two contluents and two diverse civilisations, should have correspondingly efficient administration and just government.But these are just the two public qualities that bave in the Ottoman Turk\u2014aod especially in modern times\u2014beea conspku- ous, as I! have indicated before.by their absence.As time gives the new Republic an opportunity to show Its quality we shall ses whether it le able to break away from the oid dad tradition of Incompetence and corruption.The narrow, fll-paved gle for existence in the small booths or shops and tiny workshops, and the alr of geuernl dilapidation and sordidneas everywhere apparent, have & depressing effect on the visitor.Many of the hous- os are of wood, badly warped, with doors off the straight, shutters askew, and generally in bad nesd of painting and repalr.\u2018The setts with which the streets are paved are frequently out of place, and driving by unsklitul hands would be a terror of bumpiness, The Mohammedan burlal- places we passed wers in a lamentable state of neglect, and the pillars at the head and foot of the graves, elaborately inscribed with Koran texts, lay aslant or had failen out of place.Bxtraordinary contrasts were frequent.On one side of à street might be & beautiful and aub- stantial building wits fine marble frontage, and facing Ît across the way another or unpaved | streets of Stamboul, the apparent strug- | with eracked siucoo and broken plaster.One structure [ poted of modern plaster and stucco wag borne substantially alot on aucient granite pillars.Altogether one is better to gala am impression of Stamboul from tbs outside.The Bazaare We, of course, visited the world -fam- ous Damaars.A network of narrow, paved ways, suggesting underground tus- nels dimly lighted, stretching in seemingly endless vistas, opened before us.Sometimes the low vault of the roof raised ltself into & dome.We were told that at night the individual boothe wre not closed up or secured.Only the outer gates are locked, and watchmes patrol the alley-ways within.The slippery cobbled footway descended and ascended be tween lines of small opes booths, where was displayed an (immense variety of strange goods to tempt the customer.One of the sections we passed through was devoted to amtigues of every imaginable kind\u2014Eastern jewellery and bijouterie, rugs and carpets, lulaid weapons in amasing profusion and variety.and other similar classes of objects, the produce of many ages and of various lands.The method of buying, as ia Calro, is the Eastern one of leisurely bargaining, which seems to be ths piquant sauce that in the East is required to give ita proper flavor of commerce.On our second morn: ing we visited some of the moders ba saars la the Frankish quarter of Pers, to the heights of which we were carried up by a short underground rediway.Here were good streets, narrow according to Western ideas, but reasonably tidy and well kept, with modern shops, clean and well tended, having an excellent display of all kinds of goods, and run on the Western business principle of fixed prices.Balboa and Panama By a New Zealander.We made a party, and hired a motor, of which there were nearly a hundred parked and waiting slong the street at the end of the wharf.We agreed to take It for two hours at three dollars an hour, the driver, a nigger, undertaking to show us every place of importance in that time.We drove through Balboa, and this place is new and very beautifully laid out.It is not so much a town as à park, with all the bulldings, suck as the administrative offices of the American Government, the canal offices, clubs, Y.M.C.A., several fine hotels, and many other fine bulldings and private residences, all built on beautiful lawns with avenues of palms, groups of flowering shrubs, and low hedges of the same.The two outstanding flowers are the bougain- villes and the hibiscus, the former in saveral shades of magenta pluk to bright coriss, and the latter all a bright red.There are many other Kinds of course, all beautiful, but thess two wera evidently the most populär, and were certainly very lovely, being masses of color.There are no business streets in Balboa, and as Lhe ground is undulating with gentle rises and shallow valleys ail beautifully kept and watered, and the buildings with | wide spaces between them are placed! advantageously for effect, the drive through this part was very enjoyable on a lovely morning.Passing through Balboa we crossed the American Canal Zone into the city of Panama, and here is where we got our treatest surprise.We found it was a city of 90,000 inhabitants, and, being the enpital of the Republic, had many beautiful public butldings, Government and municipal, and many fine private resi dences.The hospital is built close to the water in separate blocks, with the breeze off the bay blowing through and around.The streets are all narrow\u2014 just room for two cars to pass.There are tramlines in plenty, and out to the suburbs for eight miles.Our greatest surprise was the fine roadways.Of course, in Balboa, the new American city, we expected everything of the kind up to date, but here in the native city and out to the ruins of old Panama, eight miles an& a quarter, we drove for two hours, all the time over bitumen paving.The only exceptions were one or two in the old quarter Paved with brick, and these were quite as smooth and good.The bricks must be very hard, for we saw none broken.Of course, the trafic is all motor traffic, cars, lorries, etc, rubber.tyred, excepting some light carts drawn by mules.Theres ave some fine shops and large stores showing quite high-class goods, but all suitable for tropical use, and for the Spanish tastes of the people.Another surprise was the number of motor cars.The natives are, of course, a mixture of Spauish and native Indian, and very proud and haughty they look-\u2014 the better class ones\u2014as they are driven along.They looked almost with oon- tempt at the heterogeheous lot of Buro- ponne being driven about from the ship.Of the 90000 people in Panama City, over 10,000 are Jamaicans.Our driver was one.They are, of course, full-blood- od negroes, who have migrated here since the canal was opened and during its oow- struction.All laborers aad usskilled workers on the canal are darkies.We were driven all over, saw the markets, tb .churches, including the cathedral and one famous church, where the al tor 1s all gold, and was removed from the old cathedral in Old Panama, now in ruins.They are all the usual Spanish type, very garish, with highly-colored pictures, effigies, and groups of figures, stained glass windows and gilding.We saw the bull ring, where they have bull fights two Sundays a month.The different legations, including the British, are very handsome buildings, and all group.«d round one square.There is & very fine statue of Balboa, the first man to cross the isthmus and see the Pacific.It is a bronze figure of a Spaniard with his feet on a large globe, supported Atlas fashion, on the shoulders of four mer of different nationalities.The whole stands 40 ft.high, and looks out over the Pacific.They have several other statues, including one to De Lesseps, ons to Boll var, the liberator of these Republics from the Spaniards, and others.We were driven out to the rulns of Old Panama, the city built by the frat Spaniards\u2014mostiy priests, I think.It is eight miles and a-quarter out, ove: bltu- men road, smooth as glass.There are the remains of the Presidio (the fort), & convent, a monastery\u2014rather a cathe drai\u2014the date of which, on a part of the wall, ts 1640, and other buildings all in ruins, and many of them overgrown with the Dative bush and creepers.One of the things which strike one is the abundance of the electric lighing everywhere.The wharves at Balboa, magnificent concrete wharves and sheds, with steel doors, are beautifully lt up by lights from concrete pillars, and from the shed walls, all deflected downwards.The sea front of Panama and its wharves ts we passed up were & blaze of light.The canal has concrete columns with electric lamps on each side about every 40 ft.or 60 ft, though no vessels are taken through after dark.I think either # or $ o'clock is the latest hour they admit any to pass through.It must be dark, of course, before they get through the other end, and the lights are required lu such cases.WHY 80 MANY SMITHS! According to estimates of a statistician, there are 1,304,300 Bmiths fa the United Btates, end 1,034,300 Johnsons, Brown, Willlams, Jones, Miler, Davis, Andersons, Wilson and Moor follow in the order named.This relstion venies in different cities.In New York, for instance, Cohen is second to Bmith and Schwarts fifth In Chicago, the Johnsons are more numerous than the Smiths.Meyer occu- ples third place in Clocionati, and in Boston the Sullivans claim second.The estimates were prepared (rom army and navy enrolment files and ere based on à population of 112,000,000.In early times, one name was enough.Apparently, when surnames were chosen, more persons took thet of the orafteman them any other, but the reason Is not plais.An other riddie is why John's con se far outstripped James\u2019 soa or Phillp's son.\u2014 Popular Mechantos HON.ERNEST BLYTHE The Irish Minister of Finance, who has undertaken the duties of Vice-President of the Irish Free State, in place of the late Kevin O'Higgins, wbo was recently mum ered.EXTRACTS FROM IRISH LETTERS The people in England went wild over the Eclipse.Of course it was a wonder ful thing, but I think the crowds wemt ruore for a wild night of 12 than for any\u2019 thing eise.Amusement places, dancing, theatres, dining rooms and, of cou public houses got leave to stay open night.! am glad the astronomers had a flue clear morning for their work; they hed made such elaborate preparations.A\u2014\u2014 was in Wales at the time.A party went up a neighboring mountain to see what they could see.It was such a dreadful wet stormy morning they could not see anything of sun or moon, it became black for a few seconds.The path of totality was only thirty miles wide, so it was not visible, except as à partial eclipse, from this part of Ire land.B\u2014\u2014 went up to Tic Noc in a motor car with two friends.They cal} ed for her at five o'clock in the morning There were crowds of people up there and hundreds of motors.They could net see anything, the clouds and mist were so thick.Everyone (except a few sem sible people) went eclipse-mad.All the Murtello towers along the coast, Bandy cove, Beapoint, and the rest, had parties up on top with telescopes, but alas! 1 see by the papers you had great re jolcings In Canada over the Jubiles.You have à great country with wonderful re sources and money to develop them.IR is well to have such a good friend as England in case of emergency., We have just come in from our f» vorite walk.That Is train to Shankill, walk round the Kalty Gallagher moun tain, into Enniskerry and home by bus It is a long walk but most of it is through country lanes and over flelds.A native showed us @& lovely short cut, across two beautiful flelds, the hills em three sides and the remaining side opem to the sea.1 don't think the Coun Wicklow can be beaten for scenery.prefer it to either the Welsh hills oe Scottish lochs.When we came into Eu niskerry we heard a \u201cstop press\u201d Sum day paper called.We thought that the Countess Marklevics was dead, as we had heard that she was ill, but we were shocked to hear that Kevin OH! wag shot this morning.It is re that the Countess died today, too, se that is the passing of two famous people.HOW TO CELEBRATE 70TH ANNIVERSARY?How does one celebrate the seventieth anniversary of a wedding day?\u2018That fs the question which Sir Philly Hutching is considering The sizty-sen enth anniversary of his marriage found him at his pleasant country home neat Camberley.\u201cWhen we had been married 4§ years we bad our ruby wedding day,\u201d Sir Phittg tolé me.\u201cThat wes two years ago.but my wife and I are quite at & toss how to celebre: our seventioth anniversary, if we sho ses ft in three years\u2019 time.\u201cThere seems no regular way of cele brating an event of that kind, for the Tes son that people so seldom live to be mar ried 70 years.However, we abal see.\u201d One result of the long married life of Str Phllip and y Hutchins !s that anniversaries have been so many that they no longer creste any excitement.In the pear] fishing sections of Japaa one of the uisites of « bride is that she bo a g diver, This is because girls m an early age are trained ts ive for pear)-bea: ng oysters snd other forms of sea life used in ma! ear shells.These diving women wear glasses and have baskets around their walsty ta diving lor \u201cmother\u201d oysters, by the time are twenty.they supposed to be béept WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 27, 1987, TO CORRESPONDENTS Enquirer.N.B.\u2014Canada now ranks third as a gold producing country, with Fouth Africa frst and the United States second.Canada\u2019s production in 1986 was nearly $38,000,000.Mamie P- \u201cne of the few areas containing ex\u2018 \u2018ve lithium depos!ts of possible comme .al value within the British Empire is located In south-eastern Manitoba.Reader, Que\u2014James G.Blalpe, the American statesman, was born on Jan.SI, 1830, and died on Jan.27, 1883.KE.E E.Ont\u2014The British Colonial Empire, Including all its colonies and pro tectorates, etc, is roughly (wo millon square miles, with a poputition of 50,000, Robt, H.Peterboro.\u2014 Important deposits of magnesite are found in the Grenville district In the Province of Quebec.Mag: nesite ia ueed largely as l'nings for steel making furnaces and In the manufacture of cement.May M.P.E, !\u2014There are 5,000 roses.Including 500 varieties and some beautiful Old Country bushes In the Stanley National Park \u201cRose Garden\u201d at Vancouver.Thomas Macl.Hamilton \u2014Our word \u201cballot\u201d comes from the French word \u201cbat hotte meaning a little ball.Voting by balls dates from the time of the early Greeks and Romans.Sob ot Scotland.Northern Ontario.\u2014The poem \u201cMarv Queen of Scots\u201d was written by Heuory Gisesford Bell (1805-1874) poet, historian, member of the Scottish Bar and Bberiff of Lanarkshire.He was a close friend of Sir Walter Scott.M.O, L.\u2026.Man\u2014The cheetah, used fn India for hunting.Is the fastest animal living over a distance of 200 yards.The greyhound is our fastest dog.There is a record of one of these bounds running s Quarter of a mile in 35 25 peconda.THE CANADIAN ROCKIES R.R.Sask.-\u2014The exploration of the Rocky mountain region of Canada goes back to the famous expedition of Alexander Mackenzie In 1792-93, when be travelled through Peace River pass on his way to paint that memorable inscription on the shores of tbe Paclfic\u2014\"Alexander Mac- Kenxie, from Canada, by land, this 32nd of July, 1793.\" CANADA'S FARM LANDS Rita M., Alberta \u2014The average value of the occupled farm lands in Canada, Jo- cluding both imnroved and unimproved Jand, as well as dwelling houses, barns and stables thereon, was $37 per arre in 1936.Value was bighest In British Columbia at $80 per acre and lowest in Baskatchewan at $25 per acre.INFERIORITY COMPLEX Mary J.Omntario\u2014The inferlority com plex is a disease of the mind In which the afflicted one Is under the misanprebension or delusion that he is mentally, socially and physically inferior to his fellows.It is a purely psychological allment.THE ENGAGEMENT RING Amy T.8, Ont.\u2014 An old Roman custom decreed that on completion of an engage ment to marry, the man should give the women a plain iron ring as a memento of the contract.This came to be made of gold.and was exchanged at the ceremony, but another ring was still g!ven to bind tbe contract.To differentiate this from the plein gold band tt was set with a email stone.These rings were placed on the third finger of the left hand.because it was Delteved that this finger communicated directly with the heart.SECULAR MUSIC Marion M., Toronto ~The latin from which the word \u201csecular\u201d is taken simply means \u201cage,\u201d as when we speak of some thing going on \u201cfrom age to age.\u201d In this way it applies only to the world and to worldly things.Thus in one church a seculsr priest means one performing his functions while still living in the world as opposed to the monastie priest who is cut off from it.Secular music then la the ordinary music of the world, Its opposite being sacred or church music.V RDS SUPPLIED Here in t em asked for by Irene T.St.John's.ii has no title but is Section of a fine section division, \u201cLyrics of tove and Sorrow.\u201d of Paul lawrence Dunbar's \u201cComplete Poems.\u201d Vv.There are brilliant heights of sorrow That ony the few may know, And the lesser woea of the world, like waves, Break nolselessly, far below.1 hold for my own possessing, A mount that ia lone and still\u2014 The great high place of a hopeless grief, And | call tt my \u201cHeartbreak Hit.\u201d And once on a winter's midnight 1 found its bigheat crown, And there in the gloom, my soul and I, Wee, lng, we sat ve down.But now when [ seek that summit We &.5 two ghoate that go: Only two shades of a thing that died, Once in the long ago.So 1 ait me down in the silence, And say to my soul, \u201cBe stil\u201d 80 the world may not know we died that night, From weeping on \u201cHeartbreak HI\" \u201cA lover of the Witness\u201d forwards this poem by Eugene Meld for \u201cTomboy.\u201d SHUFFLE-SHOON Shuffie-Shoon and Amber-Locke Bit together, building blocks; Shuffie-Shoon is old and gray, Amber-Locks a litte child; But, together at their play, Age and youth are reconciled, And with sympathetic glee Build thelr castles fair to see.\u201cWhen ! grow to be à man,\u201d So the wee one's prattle ram, \u201c1 shall build a castle.so\u2014 With a gateway broad and grand; Here, a pretty vine shall grow, There, a soldier guard shell stand; - And the tower shall be so high, Folks will woader, by-and-by!\" Shufle-8hoon quoth: \u201cYes, I know: Tbus | bullded long ago! Here a gate.and there a wall, Hers a window, there a door; Here & steeple wondrous tall Risetb over more and more! But the years have levelled low ; What ! -bulided long ago!\u201d , 80 they gossip at their play Heedleas of (he fleeting day.One speaks of the Long Ago | Where his dead hc\u2019es buried lle; One with chubby cheeks aglow Prattleth of the Byandby; i 8ide by side they build their blocks\u2014 Sbuffie-Shoon and Amber-Locks.\u2014Eugene Field.The poem \u201cCurious\u201d quotes from je entitled \"You and You,\u201d and was written by Edith Wharton in November, 1918, and published in Scribner's Magasine in Feb- rusry, 1919.The Boston Sunday Puet re printed it shortly afterward.There are eigbt}-eight lines, beginning: Every one of you wan the war\u2014 You and you and you\u2014 Each one knowing what it was for, And what bis job was to do.and closing, O sllent and secretly movisg throng, In your fifty thousand strong, Coming at dusk when the wreaths have dro,'t, And streets kre empty, and music stop't, Bliant:y coming to hearts that wait Dumb in the door and dumb at the gate, And hear your step and fly to your call\u2014 Every one of you won the war, But you, you Dead, most of all! The poem, abridged, is imcluded in an anthology of prose and verse, \u201cIn His Presence,\u201d published by Hall's Bookshop, Boylston street, Boston.It may also be found In the \u201cPoems of American Patriotism,\u201d published by Charles Scribner's Sons, 1933, 10 a collection chosen by Brender Matthews.The poem is dedicated to \u201cThe American Private ip the Great War.\u201d These lines for \u201cGirl Guide\u201d are by Visa Cust, and were sent in by \u201cAnother Girl Guide.\u201d MY PRAYER O God, my God, where'er Thou art, Keep my beloved in Thy beart: Fold In Thy heart, that heart so dright, Cheer him with Thy most gracious Mght.And since Thou mad'st forgetfulness Let bim forget whate'er's amiss, Forget whate'er Thou find'st amiss.And since Thou mad's remembdering\u2014 Remember every lovely thing: And then, my God, lean down and see And in Thy love remember me.Peter Peters, Ottawa\u2014This rhyme for children was written by Mary Hannah Krout many years ago.After the death of hew friend and neighbor Gen.Lew Wallace, Miss Krout completed his works from his notes.She died !n June last at ber home in Crawfordville, Indiana.LITTLE BROWN HANDS They drive home the cows from the pas ture, Up through the long shady lane, Whete the quall whistle loud in the wheat felds That are yellow with ripening grain.They find in the thick, waving grasses Wirre the scariet-lioped mstrawbecry grows: \u2018They gather the earliest enowdrops And the first crimson buds of the rose.They toss the bay in the meadow; They gather the elder-b.oom white.They find where the dusky grapes purple In the soft-tinted October light.preparing his meals, and also a book of « - 4500 M1.B8 ACROSS OCBAN ALONE IN SMALL BOAT He carried a log, They know where the apples hang ripest And are sweeter than Italy's wines; They know where the fruit hangs the thick.ost Om the thorny blackberry vines.They gather the delicate sea-weeds And build tiny castles of sand; They pick up the beautifui sea sbeils\u2014 Fairy barques that have drifted to land; They wave from the tall, rocking treetops, Where the oriole's hammock t awings, And at night-time are folded in slumber By a song that a fond mother aings.Those who toil bravely are strongest; The humble and poor become great; And from these brown-banded children Bhall grow mighty rulers of State.The pen of the author and statesman\u2014 The noble and wise of the land\u2014 \u2018The sword and the chisel and palette Shall be held in the little brown hands.Mary MacG, Glengarry\u2014Here is the hymn you ask for, reproduced from an old coo of the Witness: THE LAST HYMN The Sabbath day was ending in a village by the sea; The uttered benediction touched the people tenderly; And they rose to face the sunset in the glowing west, And they bastened to their dwellings and God's bieesed boon of rest.But they looked across the waters, and a storm was raging there; A Nerce spirit moved above them, the wild spirit of the atr; And it lashed and took and tore them, til they thundered, groaned and boomed, And, alas! for s vessel In this yawnisg gulf entombed.Very anxious were the people on that recky coast of Wales.Lest the dawn of coming morrow weuld be telling awful tales.When the sen had spent ite passion end should cast upon tbe shore Bits of wreck and swollen victims as it bad done oft before.With the rough winds blowing round her, à brave woman strained her eyes, And she saw along the blilows à large ves wel fail and rise.Ob! It did not peed a prophet to tell what the end must be For no ship could ride in safety near that shore on such a sea.Helpless bands were wrung for ssrrow, tee der hearts grew old with dread, Add the ship.urged by the tem; est, to the fatal rockshore sped.Then the pitying peopis hurried from thelr bome and thronged the beach: Oh! for the power to cross the waters and the perishing to reach! \u201cShe has parted in the middle! Uh, the ball of her goes dowa! God bave mercy! Is His beaven far to seek for those who drown?\u201d Lo! when next the white, shocked faces looked with terror on the sea, Only one last cMnging figure os a spar was seen to be.Nearer to the trembling watchers came the wreck, tossed by the wave, And the man atili clung and floated.though no power on earth could save.Could we send him a short message?Here's a trumpet, shout away! \u2018T'was the preacher's hand tbat took it, and be wondered what to say.Apy memory of his sermon, Firstly?Sec ondiy?Ab, no! There was but one thing to utter in that awfui hour of woe.Bo he shouted through his trumnet: \u201cLook to Jesus! Can you hear?And: \u201cAy.ay.sir,\u201d rang the snawer, o'er the waters, loud and clear.Then they listened.He is singing, \u201cJesus Lover of my Soul,\u201d And the wind brought back the echo, \u201cWhile the nearer waters roll.\u201d Strange, indeed, it was to hear him, \u201cTill the storm of life is past,\u201d Binging bravely from tbe waters, \u201cOh Te ceive my soul st last.\u201d He could have no other refuge.\u201cHangs my bel dess soul on Thee,\u201d \u201cLeave, ah, leave me not,\u201d the singer dropped at last into the sea; And the watchers, looking homewsrd through thelr eyes by tears made dim,\u2019 Suld: \u201cHe passed to be with Jesus in the singing of the Hymn.\u201d WORDS WANTED Mrs.R.McP,, Manitoba, asks for the words of a song she beard forty years ago, entitled \u201cThe Upper Ten.\u201d RB.M.M.Ont.:\u2014Could someone please | give me, In your paper, the words of an «id poem which | heard trom my mether in childhood.[It is on the second coming lot Christ, and some words run after this Thomas trake, an Englishman, aged 64.has just compieted a 4,500 mile journey fashion, if | remember:\u2014 from Charleston, South Carolina, to Plymouth.Eng:and, lo his 35-foot Norwegian pliot boat, \u201cPilgrim.\u201d He did everything bimsell.and never missed a night's rest.When he allowed the boat to run before the wind.tures of customs offi \u2018als to prove that he actually accomplished thie feat In fifty-one days.The above picture was taken as the boat waa tied along.For it may.be In the eveninr side the dock at Piymouth and shows the daring seaman insel { \u201cLet your door be on Lhe latch, In your room And the lights be burning low ! in the gloom, i will come.\u201d MIND sopy OUT FISHIN' A feller isa\u2019t thinkin\u2019 mean-\u2014eut fishin\u2019; His thoughts sre mostly good and clean \u2014out fshiw\u2019; He dosen't knock his fellow-men, r harbor any grudgas then; feller's at his finest wbee\u2014out flshin\u2019.The rich are comrades to the poor\u2014out fishin\u2019; AU brothers of a common lure\u2014out fable\"; The urchins with the pin and string Can chum with millionaire and king; Vala, bide Is a forgotten thing\u2014out A feller gets a chance to dream-\u2014out 8°; He learns the dennties of a stream\u2014out fabian\u2019; Æu' he can wash his soul Ia afr \u2018That isu't fou! with seifieh care An\u2019 pan platn end simple face\u2014out A feller has no time for hate\u2014oat fishin\u2019; @ isn\u2019t eager to be great\u2014out fishin\u2019; \u2018a lan\u2019t thinking thought of pelf, Or goods stacked digh upon a shelf, But he is siwaye just himself\u2014out Askin\u2019.À fallers gled to be a friend\u2014out fwhin\u2019; A holon.hand he'll always leund\u2014out n°; The brotherhood of rod and line A® sky an\u2019 stream is always fie; Men come real close to God's design\u2014 out fishin\u2019.A teller lent plotting actoties\u2014o} free\u201d: He's ouly busy wkk his dreems\u2014out fahin\u2019; His livery ix a coat of tan.His creed to do the best he can, A tellers siwaye mostly mes\u2014ouwt Sehin\u2019.\u2014R.L.Saville HEALTHY RABBITS The rabbit In eaptivity im eubject to many aikwents, some peculiar to it.This so the chief thing is the housfng.his matier sven today, whea appliances are so numereus, is usually treated im a mast slipshod way, a sugar-box seemingly meeting all tha wishes of the owner\u2014 à wire-uettine front, and a place of eid tarpaulin for à rain and wind screen, while the sanitary conditions are left to look after themselves.it is really a matter of amezement that rabbits kept like this do not suffer from evem mors complaints than those that do afflict them, and that they thrive at Thess homemade hutches are far small, no matter what breed is kept, the rabbit Le à very active animaf, and to lock It up in a prison, In which It can hardly turn round, is Httie short of criminal.Like every other creature, It beods.and ought to have, some exercise.The chist things to De guarded agalust pre bad draloage, unventiiated and damp batches, the latter 1s an especial peril.= will be acknowledged when it {s remembered that the wild rabbit lives in & dry and sandy locality.For bedding purpos- os clean straw Is by far the best.The outer run should be well littered with pine saw-dust or peat litter, and provid.od with a gratîng io one corner for draiîn- age purposes, The cleaning out of the hutches 1s made comparatively easy, for it is the custom of the rabbit to reserve one part of his premises for what the Spanish eaphosnlously call the \u201cPuiacio N 1756 THE SCORH EARL OF LOUDOUN RIVED TO TAKE COMMAND OF THE BRINSH- AFTER NUMBERLESS QUARRELS _ VATH THE VARIOUS COLONIAL ANEMBLIES COMMUTICES AND TAOOPS, HE MOVED HS ARMY TO THE FOOT OF LAKE CEORGE\u2014 BOYS\u2019 PAGE To FORT, WILLIAM HENRY- WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 27, 197.SOUL SERVICE de las Neocesidades\u201d cessities\u201d).Now as regards feeding, for this with fresh air are the two great factors in keeping healthy rabbits.Don't run away with the idea that cheap food and any sort of greemstuff will do for them.for that way certain loss lles.Low-grade bay and cara and mouldy vegetables must be shunned, and the \"best Is the best\u201d must be the motto of the successful rah.bit, breeder, 00 matter with what object he is keeping these animals.Plenty of awest hay and dry clover, with plenty of flowers with it, should be given.Oats are the best grain for rabbits, and far to be preferred to elther wheat or maize.(\u201cthe Palace of Ne- Whether cabbages are good (or rabbits is, and always has been.a moot point with fanciers, permonatly, a consider that the coarse outer leaves of this vegetable are fit for nothing on this earth but the fursece, and that the giving of anything but the best and tenderest parts Is bad for the vabbit, and make the hutches un- Plemsant \u2014 A.M.8.TWO PATHS The boy le now seventeen years old.He bas completed his highschool course and has begun to work his way through college.He is a good boy.honest, in.dustriows, emergetic; but whea Le meets an acquaintance, whether man or woman, old or young, he Las always the same gresting.a short, sharp \u201cHello.\u201d There is never any \u201cGood morning\u201d or \u201cGood evening\u201d or \u201cHow do you do\u201d \u2014ouly the crisp \u201cHello.\u201d Ia the same tows is a young Irishman, rod-headed, aud with à brogue that with owt close aitébtion makes him difficult to understand.He is the local menager of & chain store.Every customer who onters hia domain is greeted with » grave but pleasant \u201cGood morsing, sor,\u201d or \u201cGood morning, ma'am\u201d; and when the trade ix finished there le always \u201cIi thank you, sor,\u201d or \u201cI thank you, ma'am\u2019; never just \u201cThanks\u201d e¢ \u201cThank you.\u201d The boy doesn\u2019t know it, but he has started on a path whers the going is hard.Following it through life, he will mise many little vistas that would rest the eye and mitigate the upward toil Hs gives little in the way of courtesy, amd he will get litle im return.Being of good character, be will probably succeed in attaining at least a reasonable suceess, but the wheels will always squeak and grind for lack of the simple lubricant that costs so little.The young Irishman.though he, too, may not know it, ie holding old customers and making new ones merely by the touch of Old-World courtesy that he brought with him and still keeps.\u2014The Youth's Companion.OSTRICH DIES OF INDIGESTION The inquest into the death of Joshua, the noted ostrich ot the London Zoo, exploded the superstition that ostriches can digest anything.They can merely swallow anything.The table of contents of Joshua's giz- gard included two gloves.one marked Percy Sands; two handkerchiefs, two yards of twine, a plece of wood, a four- inch nall, which is declared to have beem the cause of Joshua's demise; a lead pen- cit, à piece of copper wire, a photograph- fc film spool and a metal-backed comb.The x00 authorities announced that Mr.Sands and other owners of the property Joshua grabbed could have their belongings returned by identifying them.This Canada of Ours MARQUIS de MONTCALM (continuad).S Rim SuRPRTUNS QUICKNESS wo ener Ys ALL THE TROOPS IN THE COLONY, MONTCALM GATHERED TOGETHER A FORCE OF EXCEPT THOGE GUARDING TICONDEROGA, 5000 MEN AND AT YWIOREUKS SUGGESTION MONTCALM CROSSED LAKE ONTARO AND WENT 1 TICONDEROGA: LEAVING DE LEVIS [ATTACKED OSWEGO, AUGIOM™,I758.IN LES IN CHARGE THERE, HE RAPIDLY AND SECRETLY LEST FOR MONTREAL.THEN FOR FORT FABNTENAC \u2014TRAVELLING ONY MID NIGHT.THE ROYAL MINER The Prince of Wales descended the Haig Coal Mines, Whitehaven, England, recently, zode in the miners\u2019 tub, and also handled a pneumatic pick.He is here seen about to go down the pit ln blue overalls.ree A MESSAGE ON A FISH At a meeting of the Zoological Society some months agp Mr.C.Tate Regan, of the British Museum, exhibited a photograph of a small Indian Ocean fish which looked as if it had an Arabic inscription on its taf.The story is Interesting, The fish was bought for & penny in the Zansibar market, and the purchaser.who was going to eat it, cut off the tall and threw it to the ground.Another man picked it up, and calied out that ft had writing on lt, and.fndeed, on one side of the caudal fin was written in old Arabic eharacters: \u201cLaillaha Tisiah,\u201d \u201cThere ls no God but Allah\u201d; and on the other side, \u201cShani-Allah,\u201d \u201cA warning aent from Allah\u201d Major H.R.Cartwright, commandant of Police at Zanzi bar, who sent the photographs home, reports that the news caused great excitement.The fish, regarded as sacred, changed hands meny times at rapldly- increasing prices.until 5,000 rupees was offered.As a matter of fact the supposed inscription is due to the Irregular breaking-up of two posterior pale bands which run across tbe tafi sod happen to simulate Arabic charscters.STAMP NEWS Ching and Formosa Current Chinese stamps are becoming more eomplicated for the collector by reason of precautions now being taken to prevent the purchase of stamps in one province where the exchange ls low for use in other provinces where the ex- changs ls high.Since 1915, writes Fred J.Melville in the Daily Telegraph, all the stamps used in Chinese Turkestan or Siokieng have been overprinted with an inscription !n black or red consisting of ELEVEN DOUBLE MINT \u2014 easy to remember\u2014and hard to forget, once you've tried It.Keeps teeth white, breath sweet, aids appetite and digestion .- 4 a, nt After Every Meal BETTER STAMPS FOR LESS MONEY Collector's Ouifit 10c, 500 Different 3éc; 1006 Different, 00e: 1000 mixed 2c.Wonderful mets nt $-10-18 Books for Stæmp Coi- ., etc.E RHEAUME, Dept.10, 2918 Cartier @t, Montresi, Canads.Wartemburg 120525, is 3 soproval E car 9% only 140 to spplicants.MIDLAND STAMP CO., Towa Ave., lewa City, lows.cents.column.Last year the full set of twenty denominations was issued to Yunnan with a horisontai overprint of five characters meaning \u201climited to use in Yunnan.\u201d Now there comes another set with a very eimb lar horizontal overprint (the second and third characters from the right befos changed) for use in Kirin and Hellung- chiang, which are provinces of Manchuria, where the dollar is considerably lower than the Shangha! dollar.As there are eighteen provinces in Chima proper, and another left in Manchuria, there ie still plenty of room for expansion of these overprinted aeries.Chinese stamps of ali kinds are much in evidence just now, and the new handbook by Captain H.R.Oldfield, lately hon.secretary ot the Royal Philatells Society, on \u201cStamps of the Treaty Ports of China and Formosa\u201d (Londou, Sef Pemberton and Co.; price 45.6d.), # of permanent ns well as topical Mmntersst The stamps of the Tresty Porta were long under a ciond, they have been out lawed from the leading catalogues, and so forgotten by the ordinary collector who looks no further than the catalogue for guidance.But the stamps, many of which would not have been issued but for the boom in stamp-æelling fa the \u2018nineties, wore always interesting, sed are now old enough to be respectable.Captain Oldfield, who had no good word to say of them !n 1897, has now written a bookful.mostly in their favor.He does not see why they should afl be barred because a few of them wers promoted more to provide food for collections than as means of prepeying malls.The stamps of Hankow, Kewkinug.Chinkiang, and Amoy were lesued by the municipal authorities, those of Chefoo, Ichang.Foo- chow, and Nanking by local committees, and those of Chungking and Wuhu by private individuels, but all of them, in \u20ac greater or less degree, and more particularly Hankow, Amoy, Foochow, and Chiu.klang, were legitimate and bona-8de postai issues actually required ard used to five Chinese characters set in a vertical; secure postal services.By J.8.Morrison and Maud Morrison Stone (Copyright).bd Ww.v = ï DR THAN A WEEK THE FORTS WERE SMOLDERING RVING.THE GARMSONS FALLING PRISONERS OF THE FRENCH.ALL OF LAKE ONTAMO WAS NOW FRENCH.EWS DID NOT TRAVEL SO PAST AS IT DOES TODAY AND ALMOST BEFORE THE CAUTIOUS LOUDOUN HEARD Of THE DISASTER, MONTCALM WAS BACK IN TICONDEROGA.THERE THEY FACED EACH OTHER, DUS IN WE'D CALL IT, EACH WAS WAITING FOR THE JER , TO Move.WHEN WINTER CAME, THE FRENCH RETURNED TO QUEBZC AND TE ENGLISH TO NEW YORK.% \u2014 JwsiLva WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 27, 1087, IMPORTANCE OF PURITY IN SEED VARIETIES (By L.H.Newmaa) The importance of using aeed which fa pure aa to variety is measured to a cons!derable extent by the purpose for which the resulting crop lo intended.If the crop in question is to be used for feeding purposes, especially on the home farm a altght mixture or even a considerable m:xture of other kinds or var) ties may not be a serious matter so long as these varfet'es or kinds mature with the main crop and possess high productivity and quality.There are a number cf varieties on the market which will, therefore, not: be particularly objectionable if mixed to some extent with the main crop.On the other hand it is a risky bueiness to continue the use of seed which M not at least pure.In the firt place, most districts are particularly adapted to certain vart- ties, which varieties, one year with another, are likely to yield better returns than are others.To allow an admixtur of varieties which are of a lower order ts to run the riek of reducing the value of the crop.Even ripening in a crop of grain js something which practical men recog nixe to de & maéter of very conaiderable importance.Where seed contains a miz- ture of other varieties which do not mature in the same length of time as the main crop, there fu liable to be a lack of uniformity in ripeness of the crop ented.Such a condition may reeult a reduction in the value of the maid erop.- Where impure varieties are used for any considerable length of time certain undesirable types Included fo the mixture may increase in proportion to the better types for various seasons.They may, for instance, mature a little later than the prevatlling type and thus cause the harvesting operations to be delayed tutil they become sufficiently well metur- ed.By the time the better type may be dead ripe and may shell out considerab- 1y in the handling.In the case of wheat grown for milling prrposce.purity of variety is particulariy portant, as fu this case uniformiy of ripening hag a direct bearing upon the commercial grade.Thus where there is a difference of even a few days in the date of maturity of different types in the wheat fleld the later types may be sufficiently prominent fn tbe sample to cause a reduction of at least one grade.The practical importance of purity of variety is coming to be much more widely recognized than ® once wma, although there iu still plenty of evidence that it does not receive the attention that ft should, by a considerable percentage of grain growers.Absolute purity, of course, fe difficult to maintain on an extensive, scale, but if an honest effort be made to use seed which is kncwn to be at least relatively pure very considerable losses may be avoided.THE TURNIP APHID (Ry R.P.Gorman.Fredericton) Aphids, or plant lice, on turnips are not usual pests in New Brunswick but occur occasionally.At present, a number of flelds in York county are badly infested and tbere is the possibility of a more or less general outbreak this fall.The aphids are small.soft-bodied, suck: fog insects which cluster on the undersides of the loaves and feed upon the plant juices.When abundant, they cause the leaves to show purple blotches; next, curling of the edges; and.finally, yellowing and death.The numbers of aphids present on a single plant is sometimes very great and eo much of the juice is extracted that the plant quickly falls.A generation of aphids only requires a week of time.and each female may give birth to twenty-five or more young in that per- fod.Thus, the insects increase very rap Mdly and ns fleld will become heavily infested in a few days.Growers of Swede turnips will be well advised to watch their flelds for the first signa of the insect.Individual plants elunted in growth and sickly in appearance are commonly the firet sigos of the insects work.Purple blotches on the upper surface of the leaf fudicate the presence of large colonies oo the under surface.The pulling and removal of these weak and infested plants at once will aid in preventing -the spread of an infestatiom.When a whole field becomes infested, ft 1g dificult to save the crop without Immediate resort lo the use of insecticides.These must be applied In such a way as to reach the underside of the leaves and retatively | sisike the insecte, killing by contact.Preparations of nicoline are the most eftec- tive.either nicotine sulpbate spray (1 pint to 100 gallone of water plus three pounds of soap); or nicotine dust (4 pounds of nicotine sulphate mized in 96 pounds of hydrated |! .Kerosene emulsion or soap suds may be used.\u2018The dust reaches all parts of the leaf when put on with a hand or power duster and is more rapidly applied than the spray, The rows should be dusted from both sides and special attention given the leaves abowing purple blotchea\u2014 The Maritime Farmer.LATE TURNIPS The eoil for the late turnips, like all of the root crops, should be a sandy loam and very fertile.It takes from six to nine weeks for the turnip to mature.After the early crop of aweet corn has been removed.pull up the stalks.cultivate the soll, and apply a little well decayed ma- pure.working it well into the soil.Then ow the turnip seed in rows twelve (nch- es apart, and about one inch in depth.Thin the plants to about two inches apart in the row.There is no advantage in having the turnips large before storing them away for the wiater; the large turnips are usually tough and full of fibre.Such varieties as Aberdeen, Purple Top.White Globe, and White Milan are good keepers and will mature before the severe frost.even it sown In late July or early Auguat.CORN TIPS Corn when small may be cultivated deep.later deep stirring cuts off many roots and but few more weeds are killed or little more moisture is saved than by shallow cultivation.A spooutul of fertilizer appliéd to the hill may give corn a good start.but later fertiliser should be spread over the whole surface of the land.as the roots extend soveral feet from the plant In all directions just below the surface.Acid phosphate 1s a good fertilizer for corn.used at the rate of 200 pounds to the acre.FRENCH CANADIAN CATTLE AT CAP ROUGE (By Gus Langelier) The herd of French Canadian eattie ai Cap Rouge Experimental Station has been accredited since September 1922, has won 224 prizes at the Provincial Quebec Exhibition during the last four yearw, is headed by four bulls of the AA or À class, does not contain a female with two or more lactation periods which has not qualified for Record of Performance, and has deld at different times the production records for two, three, and four year old classes.To achieve this haa, of course, required good care and feeding, but the corner stone of success has been due to breeding, and to the rigid selection made of strong bealthy animale, as it is obvious that & cow cannot stand the etrain of heavy milking it she 1s siok, or a heiter cannot develop into a strong cow if her vitality has been sapped at an early age by a bad attack of scours.Though this herd, which generally numbers about 75 head, ue used for experimental work in the breeding, feeding, houveing and management of dairy cattle, one of the aims js to distribute good stock at\u2019a reasonable price to farmers and dairymen.The cost of barn room, care and feed hes gone up faster than fe price of milk, and animals bred on production lines should be bought, not for the smallest possible sum of money.but rather ao that they will bring the largest possible revenue for the amount expended.A good dairy sire is one that incresses the milk or fat yleld of kis heifers over that of their dame, at the same age and under equal conditions.To do this, be must be bred right, snd the trouble fs that he cannot be picked by outward signs.Unless a proven sire is bought, and there are very few indeed for sale.the next best thing le to purchase a good calf or young bull from a well known herd Everybody will have the opportunity to do shls at the annual sale to be held at the Cap Rouge Station during the week nf Beptemvber 26th next.It interested, ¢sk to bave your name placed on the Hst of persons who will receive further details later on.Quality butter can be produced in the summer time only !f proper care is given to the cream from which it is mannfac- tured.COW NERDS SALT Dairy cows should have all the salt they want.The quantity comsumed wilt vary with the kind of feed and the sise of the animal.Experiments have shown that ordinary cows in milk will require about one ounce of asit a day.Heavy producers should get a much greater amoust.Some dalrymen mix the salt with the grain mixture, incorporating from one to two pounds of salt with each 160 pounds of the grain mixture.In addition, sait ie provided ao that the cows can have access to it and take more it they desire.Stock salt can be purchased in several forms.In cake form, sait may be kept la each feed box in the barn where the animal cas lick it, or it may be placed in convenient places in the yard or pasture.The salt should be in some aheiter- ed place to prevent the rain from dissolv- fog it.WORK HORSES NEED A RATION Feeding of work horses is a problem facing farmers during the summer months.Many farmers will carefully de termine whick of the feeds availabie for his dairy berd will furnish a well-bal- anced ration more cheaply and forget that similar principles apply to the feeding of work horses.In many instances, according to Dr.G.8.Weaver of the State College extension service, South Dakota, 10 to 40 per cent of the usual teed bill may be saved with no injury to the horse and even à benefit to the animal by proper .attention to the ra t'on fed.The horse is no different from other animals in that the ration should be res- sonably balanced in regard to protein, carbohydrates, fats, should be remembered that a horse on heavy work requires twice as much pro- teln as the same horse when on light work.The more severe the labor of the horse, the larger must be the supply of nutrients.The stomsch of a horse bas a capacity of 19 quarts while the stomach of a cow may hold 26.7 quarts, so It is evident that & horse st hard work cannot well derive most of its nourishment from.roughage.Since the ration must not have undue amount of roughage, this necessitates & large proportion of concentrates high In energy content.When horses are severely worked, the roughage ration 1s cut down and the concentrates increased.The standard ration of concentrates for the American horse conhists of two-thirds oats and one-third ear corn by weight.Every Saturday night, wheat bran is substituted for the oats.The horse is aliow- ed about two ounces of salt a day but this is never mixed with the feed.Oats \u2018is the most keenly relished of sil the concentrates by all classes and ages of horses.It is the standard of excellence with which other concentrates are compared.Oats ard the safest of all feeds for the horse.in part because the hull, though of low nutritive value gives such bulk that not enough of this grain can be eaten at one time to cause serious trouble from gorging.On account of the hulls, there is likewise less tendency than with corn for this grain to pack in the horse's stomach.Next to oats, corn is the common grain for horses In America, but if corn alone 1s fed as s concentrate to horses.It must be supplemented with some kind of a hay that is high in protein.A ration of corn and timothy or prairie hay is deficient in protein and the ration can be improved by substituting legume hay instead of timothy or prairie hay.but when oats is fed, timothy or prairie hay is more valuaBle.Timothy bay is the standard roughage tor the horse throughout the United States.The freedom from dust of good timothy hay commends it as a horse feed and it is an excellent roughage for animals whose sustenance comes mostly from concentrates.A reasonable allowance of timothy hay is one pound daily for 100 pounds of animal.Properly cured legume hay je usually more paiatable than other roughages, so if horses are given an excess amount of legume hay, there is some danger that they may consume too much.Legume hays are suitable to balance corm or other concentrates low in protein.Legume hays, if they are properly put up so that they are not dusty, may be fed advantageously to horses.BALANCED HORSES WITH SORE NECKS: PREVENTION AND TREATMENT (By David Gray) When {arm borses have been allowed to get fat and soft, and the collars which at at first are soon going to be too large and more or leas sore necks will oceur, usually mors.Sometimes it seems that all we can do to prevent sore necks is not enough.although & good deal of grief can de avolded by keeping the Inside of the collar clean and free from sweat and dirt, frequent brushing and washiog of the necks, Personally 1 have tried the ordisary awast nada.both the thin fait olls and fiber.It and the heavy quilted pads, with Mitle or no success, although it's the logical thiog to do as the neck shrinks and the collar gots larger.#1 have learned that it helps a lot to study the Fine of draft on the bames, as the line will not be the same on all farm implements.If the bitch is too high the point of the sboulder gets the abuse and if the hitch is too low the top of the veck may suffer.These sores on top of the neck seem to worry .he horse and the driver most of ali, Clip Ping the bair away from the top of the neck will help some, as then the mane will not roll up under the collar top.! think one of the greatest and most hw- mene things ever invented for the farm horses is the little truck which goes us- der the tongue of the mower or disk, or any implement which bears dows om the mechs, and takes a lot of the wear and tear off the necks of the team.The method of having the doubletrees under the tongue helps considerably also.One farmer tells what | consider a pret ty valuable experience In working dis own teams.He, like the rest of us, is familiar with the great annoyance and sometimes costly experience of having to fay up a valuable horse right in the busy.season on account of a sore peck.He had a false coller made the same sise and shape as the ordinary felt awea! pad, but tostead of felt he used heavy smooth leather and the false collar was closed at both bottom and top.This false collar fitted next to the horse's neck and under the regular collar.It was held in place by a breast strap running to the belly band.In this way all the friction was distributed over the surface of the tales collar and not on the animal's neck.He reports that he has gone right on working the horse and the sore has been heal ed at work, with the ald of the ordinary salves and washes.Of course we can as sume that a farmer with horse sense enough to figure that out will also know the value of keeping the neck and the false collar clean.It sounds reasonable to me and 1 would say, as Hiram Dobbin might put it.\u201cHe has discivered some thing good.\"\u2014Ottawa Farm Journal.AVOID OVERHEATING ANIMALS The vital processes of the animal body are of such a nature that they can only be carried ou in & normal manner when a certain degree of temperature is being maintained.The source of body heat is the food which, as well as the tissues themselves, slowly combines with the oxygen of the air.The regulation of the temperature is largely brought about by the heat given off by the skin, the lungs, and that carried away with heat given oft by the skin, the body wastes.The ekin js the most important of all beat regulators in many animals, and to a large extent it does this by the for mation of sweat.When the moisture evaporates it abstracts heat from the surface.If the air ie hot and moist.the evaporation of the sweat is retarded, and heat js being retained dy the body.This is not particularly serious as long as the animal fa at rest, but when the muscles are at work more heat is produced and when a hot, humid atmos phere prevents its prompt removal, trouble is likely to be the result.This is what bappens when borses become over heated in the fleld, and when bogs are * being handled or shipped during hot, humid weather.For that reason, horses should be worked cautiously duriug the hottest weather, be given plenty of water to induce sweat and plenty of resting periods in order to dispose of some of the surplus body heat, Hogs should not be caused to exert themselves, on such days and when they show signs of distress, should be cooled off by means of a hose.Cessation of sweating in horses and rapid breathing of awine are danger signale not to be neglected on hot days.À film producer in Berlin who caused two horsea to plunge over & precipice, as a result of which their legs were broken and they had to be destroyed, has been heavily fined and forbidden to exhibit the film.\u2014Our Dumb Animals.STANDARD CORRUGATED IRON RED'S STANDARD NEAVY CRATES Every Sheet Stamped SIZES: CTE 8 and 10° x 397 28 G.73 ibs.per square 26 G 63 ibs.por square F.0.8.MONTREAL Imported direct aad manufactured by GEO.W.REED & CO.LTD, 87 St.Antoine St, Montreal.so 08 BALCONY GARDENS Where there Is a balcony, and boxes or tubs can be used, thers is a good op portunity for plant cultivation.If it is stone color or dull bronze the flowers will be seen to better advantage than against bright green or some other pro- mounñced color.These houss gardens are too oftem crowded with plants In bright red pots or huge green trough-llke boxes.packed together as if the less air and light they bad the better.A far finer effect !s obtained by a few raised in or.pemental tubs, baskets.or vases, says Donald McDonald, F.L.S., in the London Telegraph.Then It is often desirable to have the main plants for the centre of such vases grown in pots and plunged 1p soil, moss, or fibre.Where this is not convenient means may be taken to plant out those that last in bloom throughout the season, The advantage of the former plan is that when a plant becomes shabby it can eastly be changed for another at its beat.In this case the pot ln which the plant is grown should be several inches smaller than ihe vase or basket, s0 that earth may be put in round the sides, where little trailing plants may be planted to droop over.Shrubs for balconies are more and more in requisition, and for town there is scarcely a better plant than the Euony- mus.It forms a compact, well-grown shrub naturally, needs little, if any, interference with e knife.Its glossy n leaves, often flaked with pale yel- w, invest Ît with a distinctive charac ter.Its green relation ia equally effective.The sweet bay is a favorite tree when grown as a standard or pyramid for ornamenting a- verandah or balcony.end so are standard ivies, while the box and the yew are available cut fato all kinds of grotesque figures.Ths bamboo makes another g-od balcony plant.both in ite narrow and broad-leaved forme, and the bolly also béars as smoky atmosphere well; the yucca, with its leathery leaves.is another valuable plant.There 1s now such a variety, from the plain green: leaved to the gold and silver striped.that a selection of these alone are orpa- mental all the year round.Large examples are a little expensive at firet.purchased in tubs or large pots, but with attention they will grow on, without removal, for years.Among coniferous plants, thujopeis borealis .Is well suited for n town climate.even better than the Lawson cypress in its many forms.Both thess are employed as balcony plants.together with the common cypress.The veronica is a good evergreen for tub culture, and tbe myrtie in warm and sheltered positions is always esteemed for ite fragrant foliage.Palms and drac- aenas\u2014barder kinde\u2014and aloes are effective and striking in summer erranze- ments, and eo are hydrangeas, funkias.and agapanthus.Many varieties of the clematis family have proved themselves valuable and ornamental for their pro- Mic blooming all the summer and aut- ump.The Virginian creeper fe the fast- est-growing creeper that can be selected, and it does quite well in a town climate.As an evergreen climber the ivy stands unrivalied.and is now so plentiful that no one need want fop good plants, either an atandards or for training on walls or over railings.CENTURY AND A HALF OF PLEASURE \u2018We cannot afford landscape gardeners por expensive palms or Imported shrubs.and most of ua have but little time for much work among our flowers, but shrubs once set out will bloom in their season for years with a very little care.also perennials will continue for a long time to bloom year after year.I know of a yard which cootalns an old fashioned red peony which has been blooming there for 160 years, writes ¥thel Knapp Bailey, in the \u201cNew England Homestead.\u201d It was planted by the owner's grandmother in her early girlhood, and is still giving pleasure to her descendants.What other gift might she have bequeathed to her children and grandchildren which after a century and a half would have still been giving pleasure and happiness to the reciplents?BROWN CANKER OF ROSES The so-called brown cacker disease of roses je said to be very prevalent this year, and the American Rose Society has issued a reprint of a study of this trouble which was made by Miss Anna E.Jenkins in the American Rose Annual.Its presence is indicated by branches dying back after growth has started.It does not necessarily follow wh&n a plant dies back tbat this trouble has set in, but It is well to examine the wood for the ominous pur- ple-brown blotches which indicate brown canker.If it Is found, all aftected wood should be cut out and burned.Then the plant should be sprayed with bordeaux mixture or with one of the prepared sprays on the market, the latter being eas fer to use.The material should also be sprayed over the ground and this practice should be followed every two weeks until v.inter, dusting on the alternate week with WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, SULY BF I.M Massey dust.It is not wise to become much frightened over the warning against brown canker, but garden makers will be wise to keep an eye out for its manifestations.SW188 CHARD Swiss Chard is a splendid plant and bas many friends.It belongs to the beet family but does not form much roots.The leaves are almost insect free, very large, and are used for greens, While thia is a big point in their favor most chard jovers declare the thick wide stems apd mid- riba, often nearly as large as the rhubarb stalks of the large types, is the best part ot them.Using the leaf for greens and the stems creamed like asparagus, or pickled, gives double value.The leaves can be pulled continuously from the time the first are ready until frost.It is a very rapid grower on good soll; it produces enormously all summer long, standing beat and drought well.Poultry raisers are using it to supply summer greens for thelr flocks.Washing Soda Treatment Reader.\u2014Try what is called the soda treatment for the rust on your snapdragons.Dissoive one and a half ounces of common washing soda in à gallon of cold water, add a little soap to make it stick.It leaves no discolored foliage and is not so hard on the spraying apparatus as the copper eolutions.It 1 gainst black and blight on asters and del phinium.Tablespoon Measures Pussied.\u2014 Yes, it Je dimcult at times to get help from the folks who talk of \u201chup- dreds of pounds per acre,\u201d but if yon THE MASSEY.HARRIS CORN BINDER is a powerful FOR FULL PARTICULARS MASSEY-HARRIS CORN HARVESTING MACHINERY The man who buys a Massey-Harris Corn Binder and one of the New Massey-Harris No.6 Ensilage Cutters has dependable equipment for harvesting his crop.\u2019 THINTRER Cutter, handles the com without mutilating, has a wide rT: range for placing the band and adjustment can be made ; instantly, without leaving the seat, and Is comparatively light HT] in draft.1]: i THE MASSEY.-HARRIS No.6 ENSILAGE CUTTER ie the HTT new type, low speed Blower with high capacity.It is made i In two sizes, 12 in.and 16 in.Smaller size has a capacity of UT 6 to 12 tons per hour; the larger, 12 to 20 tons per hour.! Alemmite system of lubrication is used on the Massey-Harris HT No.6.Conveyor ls metal; Flywheel has six fans and thres | knives; the machine is controlled by safety type Lever and HHT the Gears are shielded.i ASK YOUR LOCAL MASSEY-HARRIS AGENT T1 ~~ ot 2\" map ùÙ 1 translate \u201chundred or bundred and fifty pounds of bitrate of soda to the acre drilled in alongside cabbage rows in two applicatons,\u201d Into tablespoons.you make it about a couple of tablespoons sprayed round each cabbage away from the stem.Lady's Thumb D.Macl.\u2014Lady's Thumb (Polygonum Persicaria L.) is one of the Smartweeds, common all over the country, especially in low flelds and meadows.The seeds of this weed are common in clover seeds.Like many other weeds it is a nuisance, harboring Insects, particularly plant lice and fungus diseases, such as mildew.smuts and rusts, Lady's Thumb should not be permitted to seed.Plante in clover crops or garden should be pulled by hand or cut before blooming.By cutting the plants two or three times during the season for a few years, this pest can be eliminated even from waste places.Squash Bug Those who grow squash are very fami.tiar with the rather large brown bug.% Inch Sn length called the squash bug or stink bug.In fact those who grow mel ons, cucumbers and pumpkins are equal- 1y familiar with this insect.The squash bug plerces the leaves, stems and vines, sucks the juice and le very likely to carry the infection of diseases such as wilt from plant to plant.At the present time we lack a remedy either as a repellant or one that will kill this insect.There is, however, a habit in their lite which our older gardeners have known tor years.That la.the squash bug at night seeks shelter and will craw] under bits of board placed in the fleld.It you care to catch the larger inse place = few bits of boards or shingles around the vines, simply throw them around here and there.In the early morning, visit these traps and turn the boards over.Of ten from 40 to 50 squash bugs will be found clustered on.the under side of these traps.The insects can be jarred from the boards into a bucket of water on which is floating a little kerosene or kerosene can be sprayed om them.A number of growers have tried nicotine dust which is the remedy for moat sucking insects.80 far as is known.even the strong 3 per cent.nicotine or ag it is sometimes called \u201c7 per cent.nicotine sulphate\u201d has not killed this iosect.Another way to kill the insect is to find the clusters of large red eggs which are deposited on the leaves.These can be crushed or destroyed.It will also be found that dusting with picotise as recommended above or epraying with a mixture of half pint of a 40 per cent.mlco- tine solution in 60 gallons of water, dia: solve and add 2 pounds laundry soap or 1 pound calcium caseinate for a spreader.will have a decided effect in reducing the number of tbe young Insects, The University of Vienna celebrated the thirtieth anniversary of the admission of women to full rights with men in the famous university.ABSORBINE art Red Biralned, Au Men Drmpbangiiy Pol gil, Fisi , Boils, Tes Steps mess A allays in Heals Sor La, éradses, Boot Chafess ile n Doss not blletar er remove the hair and horse can be vor Plesaant to vse.#260 à dottie, delivered, Deserfbe your case gr ps Inetrmetions and A tres.Ino., 104 Lymane Bidg., Mentresl, Gan.+ w.F.vOURG, 10% of Prisca Edward Isiond fes Bsache*s are fenced with Made-to-Order English Special Fox Netting.Galvanized after being woven.All sizes In stock ORDER NOW BRACE, NCAT & COMMY, Limite Summerside, P.E.I. World\u2019s Poultry Congress Opens at Ottawa POULTRY EXPERTS AT OTTAWA Dr.J.R.Mohler is Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture; Mr.IL.B.Kitbourne is Otsirman of the Boaré of Governors of the Uniteg States kgg Society; Hon.H.R.Lewis is President of the Nitiomal Poultry Council of the United States.Thame three outstanding Jeadess ia the develop ment of the poultry industry wif give im ortast addresses at the World's Poultry Congress and take an active interest (n te numerous sessions.beid this week at Ottawa, July 37h, ta August 4th.Forty-two countries will be oficialiy represented at the Congress.and special camp sites and parking locations dave been eet aside for them.as well as xccommodations arranged fa the hotels and boardiag houses.The Congress ls being Approximately ten thousand delegates from every country Im the world are expected, At this show, which is to be the Gnest ever stagad ta any part of the world, papers will be read by many of the world's most famous scientists, and educational exbibies will be staged by a number of the esuntr ae participating.Most {oteresting.perhaps, of the 10,000 birds on exhibition, Will be those from India sed Japas.of these countries are showing seme of their peculiar mative types of pomitry.i Poultry Sanitation By Caric Harding.The intensive methods of medern poul- but the most virlle eventually give ia try keeping require something more than sad cause the mortality rate for the a gamers! respect for cleaniness.It is) flock to be unnecessarily high essential that the principies of sasita-| is eur country we have ie have houses tion must de thoroughly understood asd that appear to be somewhat crowded as practised in order to ensure success the bodily heat given off by the greater Diseases are dus to specific organiems namber of birds helps to make besrndle that are present everywhere and whidà |the freesing temperature of the winter increase at a torrie rete when condi-'monthe.Except alomg the shores of the tioas are suitable to their development; Pacific Ocean our birds are virtually and overcrowded poultry houses that are prisonems fer one-half of the year, and dark and damp, that are Iacking in venti: during the rest of the tweive months we latte and where the dropping doerds camnot always give our birds untimited and floors carry nocemualated filth, pro- | range to romm over.hence the necessity vide the most favorabie conditions for for a greater vigilance as regards the these evil and destructive microbes to sanitary condition of our houses and the multiply «0 such an extent that the dirde grouné around tbe permanent houses.are overpowered by (he numbers of the Dropping Boards enemy and are unable to withetend the There are those who are not is favor attack.They fhen cease laying and all lof dropping boards being used and the reason assigned is that the birds are roosting in the odor during the night.We would potnt out to these that H the dropping hoards are cleaned dally and this can easily be done if one inch mesh wire is etitched under the perches and the boards sprinkled with sand or powdered.gypsum after cleaning.Do not on apy account sprinkle siaked lime or wood ashes over the boards ee these sub stances help to liberate the ammonls im atead of sheorbing #.The wire preveats the birds trampling in the droppings and the gypsum absorbe the obmoxicus am- mooia that rizes from the droppings.We think this much more sanitary than allowing the droppings » fall oa the ground te be trampied into the iftter on the Soor.Floor Litter The sxponss of [frequently changing the litter is the cause of the litter mot being changed as often ne it should be to keep the house fu a good sanitary com- dition.In this connection we would cite KING GEORGE AND PRINCE OF WALES SEND EXHIBITS TO WOALD'S POULTRY CONGRESS Among the exhibits sent from Great Britain are a number of prize pigeons ov ned by King George, and some chickens from the Prince of Wales\u2019 famous farm 11 Cornwall.The above picture shows.tte two Royal bird feaciers, n group of the King's prise pigeons, and s pure-bred Bu \u2018 Orplugton heu.\u2018The pigeons were photographed im their left at Sardriegham.§ a case which was brought to our mo some of litter gift stendtiy declinsé to less usuel produotiom After wae placed I.the house production Ean to increase, but it was another night before it had resumed daity ogg yield.His loss was mble, and simes ali other conditions as favorable to production of egge that month as they wers both belore after, hs had an expensive experience due to neglect to provide litter for flock.It pays to practise ssnitatiss.Reoste and Walle All the equipment within the howse\u2014 drinking fountains, tronghs, hoppers, should be frequently scalded with water good dninfectant has beem added, In addition to being thoroughly rinned daily.The roosts and walis should be kept cleanly with limevashing aad the iîme should be mixed with crude carbolic acid.A rather more expensive method of dealing with roosts and walls as far as material Is concerned.sithough economical as regards the poultryman\u2019s tithe, is the use of a disinfectant paint of which there are many on the market Roosts treated with a disiniectant paint can be washed clean, and need repainting only ouce or twice a year.Sunlight and Atr We have endeavored to show in previous articles the value of sunlight as a preventive of rickets and as an ald te growth of chicken ;it is also of great ime portance and value as a germicide.Few discase germs can survive exposurs to Hii ¥ 3 ia drying up any dampness that may be menacing the health of the flock.Plemty of pure fresh air makes the house dry aad hetps to keep the fowls in good com dition, so that they are the datter able to ward off attacks of disease organisms.Cleaning Schedule We are afraid tbat there ars a goodly number of poultrymen who start \u201ccleas- ing house\u201d when there is nothing else te do.That le & sad state of affaire, for poultrymen who take a real interest in thelr work always have something te do.With such It means that \u201ccleaning house\u201d is never really accompitahed till sometime after it should have been done.It is better to lay out a program of work aad follow it with the same comscientious obedience of the housewife who washes on Monday, etc.\u2014dividing her working time so that nothing is put oÆ or missoû from the cleaning schedule that she has mapped out.Those who begin poultry keeping with new land where fowl have not previously been Kapt and with new, well-located and designed buildings have perfect samitary conditions to start with.Whether they remain so will depend on the degree of cleanliness observed.When we resifse that the disemse organisms are always with ws and that we must prevent thelr mulating so that they hecome danger aumerens\u2014when we understand that om epidemic of one kind or another is possible at any time, if we fail to follow the simple rules of cleanliness and sanitation, we shall bave attained a knowledge of the necessity of sanitation that should compel us to give it the thought and consideration it deserves.Those who enter the ranks of poultry industrialists without striving to be thoroughly sanitary in all thelr work are doomed to failure\u2014they cannot make successful poultrymen.LATE MOULTERS One way to deal with the timid, naked, mouiting bens 4hat persist in crowding into the neeta at night or other places where they are not wanted instead of golng on the perches, is to grab them by thelr necks and throw them out.With a jittle practice they can be thrown clear across the house A much better way however, is to handle them gently and place them where they can spend the night comfortably.A clean, freshly littered broody coop, if there is one in the pen, is a good piace for them.It will aave à lot of trouble, too, to have the nests fixed eo that they can be closed at night.Moulting hens sometimes roost in the nests because they are not able to get up on perches that are too high for their partially bare wings; but more frequently they do it In order to hide from other fowls which are apt to abuse them, The best way to handle late moulters is to have a separate pen for them.It should be kept considerably warmer than the regular layicg quarters, for hens without feathers naturally are less able to stand cold than those that are fully feathered out: and hence more liable to develop colds, Toup, bronchitis and pueu- monis.Keep them comfortable and you will bave fewer losses, more eggs and better breeders.The late moulters are likely the best hens you have\u2014give them a chance.° DIRECTIONS FOR CULLING liing is more easily done it the flock has been properly fed.A flock of 100 hens that is laying 60 or 60 eggs à day Is more easily culled than a flock that is out of production.The differences between the good layers and tbe board- ors are more easily seen if the flock is laylog and has been given & belanced ration.In culling the flock there are five de finite things to look for.The first of these is body changes.The high-produc- ing ben will be wide between the pelvic bones, while the low-producing bird is narrow.The pelvic bones of the bigh- producing bird are thin and in the boarder they are thick.- The abdomen of the good hen is wide and pliable apd the vent in large, white and moist; the comb is large, plump and bright.The abdomen of the cull is narrow and hard, the vent is yellow, small and dry, and the comd is amall, dry and shrunken.A second major point to \u2018ook for in culling is the pigmentation of the eye ring, vent, beak and shanks.which in the good hen wiil be white, while in the poor bea they will be yellow.The early moulters are the ones to cull out and sell.Keep the late mouiters.\u2018The type of hen to keep is the one with a wide back, deep body, wide breast, tull bright eye, and with bright, active appearance.Sell off the hem with the narrow back, shallow body.thin breast, dull sunken eye, and dull, lazy appearance.ROBIN HOOD AND HIS MERAY MEN The love of Robin Hood and his followers for the greenwood that sheltered them is paralieled these modern days in the enthusiasm felt by those whose vacation ileal is found In forest havens, The Highlands of Ontario abound in wonderful woodland vacation spots.Lakes and streams afford joyous aport for the angler.Greenclad bill and dale invite the hiker.Batbing., boating, golf and other sports are provided for.You have your choice of many fine resorts on Lakes of Bays, Muskoka Lakes, Kawartha Lakes, the 30,000 Islands of Georgian Bay, the shores of blue Lake Huron, or you can rough it in the wilds of Algon- quia Park, Nipigon or Timagamt Forest Reserves.Full detalls of resorts and particulars of train service may be obtained from any Canadian National Agent.or from the City Ticket Office, 230 St.James Street, Main 4731.DID YOU?Did you read the offers made in lam week's \u201cWitness\u201d by the advertisers us ing space in this paper! As mentioned before we only approach firme of the highest stauding for their copy, and the greatest care ia taken to exclude all fraudulent advertising.You can, there fore, be sure of obtaining good service from these firms, and we trust that when you are wishing to purchase you will seek their advice.Their offerings (his Fpek are worthy of your notice - WITNESS AND CANADIAN PRESIDENT OF POULTRY CONGRESS Edward Brown of london, England, President of the World's Pouitry Congress, which will mest at Ottawa on July 7th, 1937.Mr.Brown will celebrate his fiftieth year in poultry husbandry next Year.EGG COLLECTING Twice a day is not too often to collect the eggs, and if trap-nests are employed they must, of course, be visited more tre- quently and regularly.The constant and regular collection of eggs Is necessary fn any case, and more particularly when the hens are laying freely: otherwise if, as gonerally happens, two or three birds use one nest the eggs are liabe to become fouled.In this event they must be sponged, an operation which removes the bloom and depreciates their value as re gards appearance for marketing.Moreover, If the eggs are to be used for setting they are not improved for that purpose by being subjected to the continuous heat of a succession of hens occupying the nests one after another.In à warm apell of weather this is quite sufficient to start embryonic develop ment.On this account It is also essential to keep à sharp look-out for the first signe of.broodiness, and at once to remove the fowls showing this incubating tendency\u2014either for use in sitting or for confinement in the broody coop.On the general farm, where fowls are allowed full Hberty, nests should now be looked for in hedge bottoms and otber likely cover; but on no account should the eggs discovered In such eltuations be included in those sold for table purposes.Such a procesding may not always be brought home to the individual offender, but the possible inclusion of any but ab solutely new-laid eggs helps to weaken still further the already difficult position of the English egg trade.Fully 76 per cent.of all poultry ship ped from the farm to market are not fat enough to kill.The boarder bens tbat are culled out of the flock this summer should be fed before being sold.Usually five to seven days will fatten a grown fowl, Quality of eggs produced on the farm can be improved by merketing the egsa twice a week in hot weather.The egge should also be kept in a dry, cool, well ventilated place.11 you put by little to little, and do =o HOMESTEAD, JULY 27, 1927.FARMERS\u2019 WA display at a cash-with-order rate of (wa cent 40c per Insertion).KIX rcnseculive insertions mule rate for s'x insertions one dollar).A n worl.When replies charge of twenty-five ce FIFTEEN NTS & SALES ADVERTISING RATES.\u2014('nder this heading advertisements vil be Inserted without .er werd per Insertion (minimum charge will be xiven for the price of FOUR (minis winher or single a8 one \u2018etter is count sed in cure of the \u2018Wlinexs\u2019 Office, an additions\u2018 8 should he in the \u201cWitness\u201d Office not later than «ifiralloB In following Weekly Edition.-opy for Insertion fn these col Friday mornt to serurs proper POULTRY __ CéoHOoRNS in st Leghorn Cockersis $2.00.registered $400 palr 1 Ir 4750.Guaranteed.HARRIS BROS, enr_Riv : LIVESTOCK boûs For Bale\u2014Redbone, Biuestick and Aire ate Hitudes and trained do from registered sok Triced reasoname.GBORGE B.GREER, R.R.1, Mab ont.ad\u2014Bargain to Close Estate.Fine stock and all, near Stanstead.RB.W.A Hans e $180 Acres; Halton Co p Included and immediate situated close to gtatloi did cut stone dwelling; all modern con- venlences; nd lawns; large basement barn, *| silo, hen-house.gi large orchard; ffteen acres bush.gravity flow of water to all bulidings.crop aione from some of the best P.K.Isang stisins.Prolific Breeders.$400.00 per pair.wii ranch foxes on shares for parties buying my foxes.All foxes inspected and tattoo marked pa adian Nationai I Recor Registered \u201cSliver Black Fox Pupe for Fail Delivery.Write for prices.etc.AYBHORE FUR FARM.Hamilton, P.EI 30-8 \u201cGOATS Driving Goat\u2014Offering a welii-broken, docile Individual, Bom ing for the youngsters.Treated \u2014 eventualy no obnoxluus JON'T B.FISHER, New Holland, Pa.RABBITS 0 Ehinchilla Fabbite\u2014Guaranteed Pure Bred Ped! reed stock, all ages.Write for prices.¢._KPNT, New Hamburg.Ont._ 2-0 Registered Chinghl abbits.\u2014Wa Supply a market for ali the young you raise from our stock.Illustrated booklet with full information, 10°.GREY DAWN FUR FARMN, Box 17, Woodroffe.Oniarin.29-0 mel).\u201cpoète u.ubling for Afty cattle and fifty sheep; ce- Chinchitia nt allo: twenty acres hardwood, \u201cPoly Von rester Tee ent: orchard and nat rat s ; at - .MER a ren ae for Hock or dairy.Bux 4, ness Pres For Rak Tow pure Alaira wis Xp ALTER PEU AN © Borsetorin ew pairs ska pp! VAL - town, Fox pups.RWID BROS., Bothweli, Ont._tf.Ont.\u201d orn Registered Silver Biaok Foxes.An 28 Acres\u2014Best Fruit, Full Bearing\u2014Near Grimsby Beach.Income about $4,586.Easy Terms.W.J.ELLIS, Beamsville.Ont.Farmers\u2014If you are tired of the hard winters and want a longer growing season with cheaper land d a more productive soil.state that is first In 3 « broomcorn, second .second in grain sorghumns and second In cotton.Prosper as a fruit rower, & déiryman.a truck farmer, ly- 4, our growing markets.For free Sega Oklahoma's Opportunities.\u201d write to = homans.Inc., (Hiate Chamber nf Commerce), 200 Medical Arts Bulldin Oka, T\".4.A.80 Acr Unimproved jown of Amaranth, Oklahoma i chicken or For e .Apply Box an.-¢ Lonuon, Ont.miles from Lon.Te don; 2-story brick house: garage: bank barn, WILD ANIMALS Catch from 45 ta 60 foxes in fram 4 to b wseks' time.Can teach any reader of thin newspaper how to get them.Write for ticulars.W.A.HADLEY, Stanstead, MISCELLANEOUS TRAPPERS! INVESTIGATE! Ny Guaranteed Methods for Fox, Coon Mok Trapping.C.M.DECKER, onto don, Que, Cloth Remnants\u2014We are offering a wonder.fui trial assortiment nged In remnant length: | and necersary purpos and \u2018Misses\u2019 suit lenat dress le men\u2019s shirt t Also odd places of all kinds.Money cheerfully - led 1f not entirely satisfactory.Big I bundles at 91.90 82, $3 and 95 postpald.\u201cThe oe Store.New Glesgow.Que.te P, LOOKI Learn Barber trade, All the intest methods taught, Onl ten mets pd quired, Success ansured, osltion - teed.Spec lal, amen se course 315.In .Vaughn Lawrence.Montreal! r Behool.nest ood baron at ia ae oo tarte.Write CAPT.ALBERT JONSSON.Boston Creek, Ontario.for fuil information, 30-¢ Wanted; à Retlabl to bulld my house.0.Bex MI y L 28-14 Agents Bell Gase à Cants a Gallen\u2014Un i alien Commission.Your address on vans, hd Juke.Guerenters product.Free tie- are à roof.EF] 3 AJesandris.p DRSBVRE COMPAXT, \u2014_\u2014 UATIONS VACANT Agente\u2014If You Like and Shrubs, Wh; not se them?Make a business of It, Part time or fw] time.900 varietien of proven Red \u2014 Tag Nurwery Products.Caah ev.often, it w\"! quickly become much.Equi ment and Instructions free, Wate to: Hesiod.MINION NURSERIES, Montrea cow \u2014_\u2014\u2014 =e MALE HELF WANTED TT Firemen, Brakemen, Beginners $180, Late MACHINERY \u2014 8280 Monthly (which pociilont.Srite Goer For Bale\u2014One George White Threshing Outfit way Asenciation, Witness, Box 29-4 in good condition; tractor engine.30 bp.For 3 HELA\" = full particulars apply LM.\u2018 - hie son heard Bunderland PO.\" \u2018Ont.or Phone 42.24-6| etre \"Che ni duening, Riesnnier Aus Pyar A: Aub Rubber Bertin fie naw x spy ie ft: onto Jn ie.Roma for definite informa- > c ft, 6° y \u201d at will lead to Incat ler £ Pp YH py Be be re ar misting en o location either Jf t sizes In proportion.also largest stock in Canada of ow and used rudder and leather belt- Ing, motors, pulleys, hangers.shafting.machinery, etc, TARSHIS & HONS, Limited.450-W Ml Btreet.Montre: 19-6 MACHINERY WAN Wiñvéxt chine: In asonatde price.CHARLEM PRICE.Stony Plain, Alberta.2:7 Saw Mii Cast Iron Frame, $426.Oas Tractor, 25-40, $145.Two rieam tractors Wateroue Co.twin oylinder, $560 to 3450.35-80 separ- ntor, Awitman Taylor, $650.36-60 Uondisan, 3325.Or trade any of this machinery for 49 or 50 barrel four mill.Apply to Box 42 Winnipeg_Heach, Man.Cann 29-4 ______MoToR oe Fanyard Piston Rings Fit Worn Cylinders and save regrinding.Guaranteed for 16,000 miles, PANYARD PISTON RING CO.5 Front St \u2026 Toronto.Theuffeur- Driven.1_condition first clans.Will accept seven hun- Thorncliffe Ave.Tor- ole Bight Sedan Paint and mechanical Cost seven thousand, and deliver.22 POULTRY BOGS WANTED \u2014 We Want Strictly e Chickens, Fownln, OW Butter.Prompt { Write free price lot.SOR 8 ANGLOW a \u2018So.Lamited, Montre Que heae Appl.s Ns BL Tome oÂPPlr JOHN KAINS, Box FH FARMS TOR SALE Mo Acres Bordering on Lake Champlain, Bwanton, Vi.with stock and tocla worlh 58.000; to close estate will sell for $16,500.J.FARRELL, Admr., Swanton, Vt.U.K.A, For Sale\u2014808 Acres, Broken, Join Townsite of Heward, Sask.$80 fenced, two outbuildings, good water.W.H.IRVIN, lleward, Sask.3-7 §-4 Section Carman District, with or without equlpment: & fine farm: good bulidings, good water.W.KING, Carman, Man.R.À 2, 30-7 80 Acres\u2014About Half Tn High State of Cui.tivation, halance in wood and pasture, well fenced.drulned, rea! good bulldings, close to factory, stores, churches, school, blacksmith.fine location, never rented.rural mail.Telephone.\u201cA bargain.\u201d With or without stock and machinery, Write for particulars.GEO.C.WA FER, Northfield, Ont.0-4 § Acres Waterfrontage on Vancouver is A within one mile of schonl, store, post office and rafiway station.About ane acre In small fruits in full bearing.For further pariicu- Jars.pobiy BROWN, Bowser P.O, Vancouver ni 0 m\u2014#0 Acres, ick Mouse, Barns, Excellent h, on provincial highway.along Lawrence River.Bargain Lot No.4C and Lot No.8, in Feurin Man of Hinchinbrook, Cn.of Huntingdon.con, Ing of 126 acres.more or iess.About acres Are in prime state of cultivation, ba - ance In pasture and heavy sugar bush, with a wealth of various other useful ti ri brick house and eultable frame outbulidings with plenty ef wa:er.A farm centrally wel located in od social environs: but 4 mil from Hun! on, a noteworthy town: int nected by Chsteauguay River and 2 rai susely developin long commercial m chanical Ifnee: the Iminediate vicinity church, 2 schonia, 2 dulry factories, -arriage and blackamith shops.and store, which aiso delivers the De mail.The Dewitiviila G.T.R.station 11-2 miles distant MATTHEW G Ad M teck oss bo Brick m truel ot y door.ri house, yw driving shed, barn 100 x 44, stes| sianchlons and water bowis, elle, gas engine and - - Two never-faillng wells and w Brhool on farm.Fonsession In fall, remscnable.JOHN JACKSON.R.R 6, - say, Ont.n-e Good Farm In Township Fitzroy, on 8th L 2-4 mile from Kinburn village.near seh churches, cheese factory.ppiy te.THOS CAVANAGH, Kinburn, Ont.29-4 Acres\u2014 Stock Grain Farm: 4 ie 280 from Galt on county road; good land; buildings: abundance of water; get particel from owner.JOHN MARTIN.171 Bal Avenue.Hamilton, Ont.-¢ r Springs Farm_\u201459 Acres\u20147 Miles from itchene ne land; fine building»: right and easy terms.For further deus t.99- state of cultivation, sugar orchard.ngs and runnl water.Easy terms.Apply WALTER ALLEN.Owner, 116 Fairfield 8t.St.Albans, Vermont nd Five Mites from Queen Charotte Clty, 12 Acrez under cuitivation, 200 tn hay an - ture, halance in cedar.Best of land.Modern 7-room house, gond barn and wood shed.Local market for all products.Quarter cash, balance over 6 years.@ per cent.J.A.poler & CO, $90 Richarde Bt, V novus sr, Fruit District Farm, 8 Acres Good orchard, 19 acres excellent tillage, '» pasture and wood land.Modern house, 14 rooms: 1 good barnm, other buildings, good repair.Very centrally located.Priced - vonably.Apply G.I.STARRATT, Paradies, Nova Be A 19-46 Vita ry and Acreage.New, Modern build vas ar pass Ideal home.Good in- con H Iowa.89-4 For o\u2014P.home and locatio: near Pentt INBON, West BUSINESS OARDS ern system, Success assured.\u201cEarn while ou learn.\u201d MOLER BARBER (COLLEGE.stabiiahed 44 years.914 St.Lawrence, Ma - real.ARTISTS SUPPLIES re Rend fur catalogue.LIMITED, MBI Cotens Ave Colleges Avi wi INVESTMENTS ment In first mortgages upon Improved farm and city property inimum fund placed $300, Interest eight an ne per cent.(\u2018or - Ei.LE v.BUCHANAN, Alta.13-34 \u2014 dence Invited.Barrister.Edmon: EDUCATIONAL The De Brisay Method is the Meoyai Mead 2 Latin, French.German Sgants .Th mail courtes ACADEMIE PE BRIBAY, : a rictiy Eight Hour r) day; large, new, comfortable home; .curriculum, requires proiminerr two years\u2019 high school.MARY'S HOS.Ht.Apply CLARENCE CABTLEMAN, Morris burg, Omt - PITAL, Detroit, Mich, Class AACS, jo ducted by the Sisters of Charity, Di hes WITHESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 27, 1087.Who Was to Blame?(By Aa Oié-Fashioned Lady.) 4 know eometting wes the matter the ment | entered my brother-in-lew's -yard and saw the cbildrem's faces ite and sosred.es they stood facing pair father.What terrible thing can ve happened?thought I.It wes net necessary for me to inquire, their father turned Immediately and xplained the situation.\u201cDo you see theses threes eggs?\u2019 saked he Im an awfui tone.\u201cWell, the twins Sele these, yeu, actually stele theses from my chicken house, and put them under the old black hen thal had made a neat wader the currant bushes.Think of the peice of egys, and see what they've wast: yor Aa the children crept of, my brother law called after them, \u201cNow, if this ppena again, remember that I'm going give you a good tsnoing.\u201d i Turning to me, he added.\u201cI never that I sbould be disgraced with uch dishonest, lying children.They sald first they didn't know anything abôut Mess three cogs.\u201d + 1 sald nothing, se 1 walked on out to his prise birde.! wee too trasy think- og I recalled that my nepbews bad poafided {a me how much they wanted to reise some Httle chickens and their father would not let them own a single one.\u201cWe haveo't a single pet, ard Grandma ays Father had lots of chickens when was our age, but he won't let us reise any dear little downy chickens.\u201d I could stiil see the tears that gathered ia their eyes as they told me this.\u201cYour father's d'rds are eo very fine,\u201d I replied.\u201cPerhaps.he'll lot me give vos some common little chickens for Kas er.\u201d But their father did not wish any birde on the place except his own.He hed no Sime to build a eoparate pen and would trot let me bare @& done.So the matter was dropped by us older peopie, but not, ps it proved, by the children.Now, as | walked beside the angry and disappointed father, I wondered whether he realised that a little time spent in fencing in a separates yard would bave saved the children and him the unbappé- ness they were suffering.The love of chickens oud of ownership, inherited from their father, had made the temptation to take the eggs greater than they coulé withstand.But, who was really to blame for their wrong-doing?That week-end, we went to the shore.The conductor came to ocolfect the fare.I paid mine.My brother in- law handed in two tickets\u2014one for him- sell and ose for my sister.\u201cHow old are your boys!\u201d aakod the ponductor.\u201cFour,\u201d immediately replied the father.The children crowded forward to oor rect the mistake but their father instant ly silenced them.Their mystified faces seemed to say.\u201cOan Father 30 soon have forgotten our birthday cake with the six candles?\u201d When Cousin Fred met us at the ste- n, he muet, at once, sawing each child igh in (he air and ask their age.He always did 80, no matier how oftea he saw his pet cousins.\u201cSix years old,\u201d the twios sang out.\u201cBut Father forgot, and told tbe conductor we were four.\u201d Cousin Fred laughed.\u201cOh!™ he said, \u201cthat wes to fool the conductor, so he wouldn't have to pay for you on the train.\u201d With widening eyes, the twins gazed fa silence ut their father and at Cousin Fred.\u2014One of a series of articles issued by the National Kindergarten Association, $ Weat 40th Street, New York City.sen BELTS AND BUCKLES While belts are a part of most of the dresses today, they deserve à word as Saved Her Baby's Life had Douglas \u2018Baby Tablets teful customer feels It saved er Baby's \u2018Please send me One Doi- r'a worth of your Douglas\u2019 Infant Tablets.y baby ia thirteen months old and she had convulsion à short time ago.I happened Jour Infant Tablets in the em, and I believe they Plenso nend the Tabiets as aible as we have two children in y and 1 feel safe when I have your know they are for babies.Mra.Om We re a te have some of house.mo used | .saved her life.soon as samples on req! an accessory, for never have they been so varied in form, never so intricately buckled.The woman who accepte a banal belt on ber sport costume must not expect to be called well dressed.Ra ther apend a few precious hours In searching among your old treasures for a buckle you had almost forgotten or material for your belt.If you must buy, there are delightful steel belts made of tiny links of the metal, all pinched together, or leather belts with brass rings and buckles reminiscent of harnesses.Ruckles on plain suede belts are sitver- ed enameled, even jeweled, or for a plain white pique skirt you cam make belt of tiny grosgrain ribbon covering the plain buckle with the same ribbon.All thcse belts may be found separately and, added to a simple dress, which, with its plain- buckled belt, would never have had the least claim to smartness.they give just the necessary touch of originality.PLANNING THE CLOTHES CLOSET It a window is put im a closet there is no musty, dusty smell; clothes are easily distinguished and the contents of the closet are much more easily cared for.Not only should plenty of hangers be provided for every closet, the hangers carsfully bought so es to keep the garment in good condition, but provision should be made for hats and shoes as well.In some of the more completeiy enuipped wardrobes are separste stalls, fitted with doors, for the hats and shoes.It such an arrangement seems inadvis- eble then shelves shouid be built.either Just above aud out of the way of the Gress rod or at one end of the wardrobe to hold hats in hat boxes and others, just deep enough for the length of the shoes.The hat boxes may be covered with bright cretonne or gay paper, and these will add to the charm of the closet.If there le not room for a separate shoe shelf a wooden framework of slats or metal rods may be fastened to the inside of the closet door and the shoes placed in these.A SPECK IN THE EYE When a speck of sand or dust gets \u2018a- to the eye it very often gets fixed in one of the grooves of tbe upper eyelld.The best way to remove it is to take the lashes of the upper lid gently between finger and thumb and draw the lid outward and downward.The lashes of the Jower 1id sweep the offending object out of Its bed, and tears do the rest.When the mote rests on the eyeball, the best way to remove It is to moisten a plece of blotting-paper or the wkite corner of a newspaper and rub very, very lightly over the spot.It is almost impossible to hurt the eye- talt in this way.It is very dangerous to use a hard or sharp-pointed Instrument to take anything out of the eye.TAKING CARE OF WOMEN This is eaid to be an enlightened age, many of us can justly boast fres from any hoary super- Jane Ramsay-Kerr fn the Evening Standard)?We do not all, I admit, still imagine that the food which we do not fancy must be good for us; most people have thrown off the belief that blue eyes are the unfailing Indice- tion of a trustworthy character, and some are brave enough to deny the old maxim that woman is the extravagant sex; but how many of us are really free from the domination of the most pathetic of all fallacles\u2014the delusion that men take care of women?Of course, If you read the phrase, \u201cLooking after anyone,\u201d simply as pero- viding ber with money, I canuot argue the point.Men have pot the entire monopoly of the highty paid professions, but they certainly do have a big advantage over the majority of womed when it comes to earning large salaries.Bat \u201cbetng looked after\u201d surely means having small arrangements which entail thought and organization rather tham expeadi- ture made om one's behalf, and to my mind there is no doubt that women are naturally more fitted for such detalls than the lords of creation, Men do not take care of women.They love them, spoil them, load them with gitts, and cannot live without them, but since the poor dears do pot know how to take care of themselves why, tn the name of fortune, should they enjoy the reputation of boing able and willing te take care of women?DON'T THROW AWAY THE CORK A collection of odd corks te & very handy thing to have in the howse.Their obvious use is 0 tale the place of those service In a variety of ways.A largesined cock nailed to the floor behind a door will keep the door from opening too wide and perhaps damaging a plece of furniture just bebiad St To clean knives apply bathdrick or other knite polish with a cork and you will got a brilliant polleh.H your window rattles wedge in & thin plece of cork amd the noise will at onoe ceass.When not in wee Lhis \u2018wedge coulé be fixed under the window ledme by a small nail or large drewieg pin so that it is handy when needed.They make {(ascinating toys.and ail o0Tts of games cau be played with them.Different colored feathers may be stwok one in each cork, and if put in a basin ot water, or in the bath at Ddath-thme make wonderful boats.Painted different colors, they make good \u201cmen\u201d for \u201cninepins\u2019 They are alse good as building bricks apd much less nolsy than the veual woodea kind.To the digger hoy who is allowed to handle a pocketknift a few large corks are @ veritable treasure, for be can carre such delighttul little dgures and houses from them.PACKING A TRUNK Do not pack a trunk before wiping out the interfor with a damp cloth.It may not look dusty, but it is not worth the risk of spoiling light-colored clothes.A little eau de Cologne or levender water will dispose of any musty smell.| Packing is en art.Remember the golden packing rule: \u2018\u2019Heary articles at the bottom, daintier ones at the top.\u201d All iboote and shoes should be mounted om | trees or have toes stuffed with paper.Stockings can alec bs packed fn shoes to save space.M a heavy coat has to be packed, do not fold the collar.Fold over from the trem, leaving the upper part straight agd flat.See that the slenves are folded straight: the pockets empty, and buttons firmly sewn on.To pack a dainty frock lay It oat flat on îts face, fold over the sleeves, insert a slip of tissue paper, and fold from the hem to the size of the top of the trunk.Place a roli of tissue paper between any necessary folds, and do net smooth and pat down folded garments.This only causes creases.Place all frocks at the top of the trunk.If fur is packed, carry « small steel comb, and comb the fur out \u2018after unpacking.Furs cannot be shaken .out too often.Sponge bags, books, tot ;lette accessories, etc, should be packed !away from daïnty clothes.Remember needle and cotton, but do not carry sews ing accessories haphazardly.A rollup \u201chousewife\u201d case ia useful The mackintosh should be strapped outside the trunk, or carried separately.Never try to cram articles in at the last minute.Have everything collected tuto one spot.Then start to pack.To pack loosely is almost worse than too tightly, Cor articles tumble helplessly about.Immediately upon arrival unpack the best clothes, shake out and hang up.POLISH LINENS Much of the best hand-woven limen available &t present is being sent from Poland through the committes which has been working to ameliorate the condi tions In Eastern Europe ever since the war.The Polish pensant himself grows the flax of which the linen is woven, the thread being handspun by his wife and daughters, and woven by them on hand- looms, many of which have been provided by the Relief Committes.The linea fs then made up and embroidered in gailyr and the farm glad at once.(3) We believe that the best fertilizer for any tofl is à spirit of industry, enterprice and intelligence.Without this, lime and gypsum, bones and green manure, marl and guano will be of little use.\u201d Each life, male or female, and at any age, is worth $1,000 to the community.Lieutenant-Colonel Fremantle declared st a session of the Maternity and Child Welfare Conference in London.Even at that low estimate the Joss of 50,000 ba- bles was equivalent to the loss of the value of $50,000,000 a year.\u201cIf one of you girls gets a prize don't sniff at another girl who doesn\u2019t, because the other girl mey be Home Secretary one of these days.\u201d said Sir William Joyn- son-Hicks, distributing prises at the Southern Provincial Police School at Redhill.\u201cI never used to get any prises at school, so they gave me the Home Office,\u201d he said.\u2018Learning lessons used to bore me, as it does all boys and girls today, but now I can say quite truly, I am glad that they made me learn when 1 was at school.\u201d SORE THROAT H OR ELOP AND REQUIRE SUS- AINED TREATMENT BEFOI IT 18 OVERCOME BUT | TREATED AT ONCE MUCH INCONVENIENCE ao BUFFERING MAY BE AVOIDED.4 OLD AND RELIABLE REM 18 FOUND IN D8 THOMAS\u2019 ECLECTRIC OIL The Montreal Witness and Canadian Homestead\u2014$2.00 per Year.Since 1845 the Witness has been recognised througiioyt Canada, as the lead! national weekly, ited by JOHN REDPATH DOU- GALL.\u201cThe Week's Outlook,\u201d & regular feature 3e n clear and complets commentary on world and national affairs.Also a regular weekly depirtment In the interest of Prohibl- tion and Bo:'al Reforms.Besides its splendid News Features it riments, all members of the family, and to all walks of life.Its Market and Stock Reports are falr and trustworthy.Its splendid Short and Serial a8 ome Department, Young People's Departments \u2014 cover a wide range of human interest.Ite Queries and Answers on all subjects, including Agriculture, Veterinary, Peultry, etc, and ita Farm and Garden Departments are greatly prized for thelr practical and timely hints and information.The Partnership Policy of Publication The Witness is truly \u201cTha People's Paper.\u201d Each reader Is recogiized as responsible for the extensiôn of the Witness circulation in bis own environment.39 per annum.ON TRIAL to NEW eubscribers, 4 mos.âkc.WORLD WIDE Canada's Landing Weekly Review.All the best things in the verid\u2019s greatest journals and reviews, reflecting the current thought of both hemispheres.busy man\u2019s PB Nothing lke it anywhe: t the price.t lteratly \u201ca fesat of reason and a of soul,\u201d Almest every article you want to merk and send to a friend, OF put away among Your treasures.91.60 à year.ON TRIAL to New Subscribers, one year, only $1.35, POSTAGE Ne extra postage 18 required for Canadas, New.toundiand, British Isies or Mexico.us Witness .».60 cents extra World Wiée .Northern Messenger OTHER FOREIGN COUNTRIES Witness or World Wide.« $3.08 emtra Northern Messenger .3187 outre TWENTY THRER Rt.Hon.L.C.M.8.Amery, Colonsat Secretary, stated fa Commons (hat withdrawal or substantial modification the rubber restrictions scheme was com templated.Xenocrates said that he had often re pented speaking, but sever of holding bis tongue.Apply Minard\u2019s every day and rub it in well with the finger tips.It penetrates and heals.Removes inflammation.A remedy for every pain.PIEE0E LINIMENT Do you auffer with this complaint?If so, send me your name and address aad let me tell you, free, bow I rid myself of Piles by an old family remedy.LEWIS E.RODNEY, Box 260-8, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia.SUPERIOR COURT Province of Quebec District of Montreal No.C-20269 DAME FANNY RAJAFSKY, of the City and district of Montreal, wife common se to property of Alec Bernstein, of the same place, the said Dame Fanny Rajaf- sky duly authorized a ester en justice in virtue of & judgment of the Superior Court rendered Jume 38, 1927.Plaintif ve ALEC BERNSTEIN, of the same place Defendant An action in separation as to Prop erty has been instituted in thie cause on the 30th day of June 1927.Montreal, June 30, 1927 I.J.CHARNESS, Attorney for Plaintiff.ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION FACTS NORTHERN MESSENGER .Our good old family \u201c\u2018story-wiies\u201d friend, the Northern Messenger,\u201d has been for sixt years a favori ¢ with the Canadlan people.It Eives splendid value for the money, and contri bring & week of Somat\u201d 4 atrens Bay et ily a we content.» temperance cause, AUF of the ON TRIAL \u201c0 New Babecrisora, one veus «© New be 07 2 5% a ctude of mar: ene .8.A elubs of six er address, ONLY 48 centr per copy per For, REGULAR CLUB RATES 1, Weekly Witness - 2.World Wide - - - - - .3.Northern Messenger - - .A great family Club of All .$6.10 Three for $4.25; worth .A GRÉAT FAMILY CLUB No other hy completely satisfy he hots fancy ees an» SPECIALLY REDUCED ANNUAL CLUB CONBIXATIONS Publications.Witaess and perl Wide.for $4.00 essenger .for World Wide and ae f rd qe All Three Publications 10 Thess Splendid Ba: Would lute P we Your I ' \u2018eur Months on trial, enc-third of 4 rd of above Sending Honey No subscription may be paid by leen the cheque bas written clearly i the words \u2018payable at Par Montreal.\u201d Money orders are © best way to send money.Only amall amounts may be sent In stampe eniy In the 1, 3 and 2e denominations.ol jarger denominations cannot be accepted, Address all communications veriptions te John Dougall & Er sub.partments are specially organized prompt care to money letters, JOHN DOUGLALL A SON, Pudlichers, .Witness\" Bldg.Montreal TWENTY-FOUR FARMERS THE GRAIN MARKET Average Cash Prices For Week Ending July 28 Winnipeg Wheat Opera High low Close No.1 $1.61% $1.63% $1.61) 31.617 No.3 1.57% 1.60% 167% 1.58% No.3 152% 1.56% 1.52% 1.63% No.à 1.38% 1.43% 1.37% 1.38% Track 159% 187% 187% 1.55% Oats 2 CW 6444 65% 6444 65% 3c ow 61% 62% 614 63% Fosd 59% 60% 59% 60% Track 5444 82% 62% 62% Barley $C W.AS 91K ATK 91K 4 C.W.83% 884 82% REX Feed 13% 764 70% 3.704 Track 887% 88% 283 84% Flax, No.1 1.98% 1.94 1.93% 1.93% Rye, 2C.W.1.04% 104% 1.00% 1.00% Montreal: \u2014Argentine Corn 98.to $1.02.No.$ C.W.Cals steady at 73c, No.8 C.W.Oats steady at 70c all week.Millteed carlots, bran $32.35.shorts $35.26, middlings $42.26, per ton.Toronto: \u2014(ood Ontarlo oats §5c¢ t.o.b.outside points.Good milling wheat $1.38 to $1.38 in carlots fo.b.outside points.American corn No.2 31.15%.THE DAIRY MARKET The undertons to the cheese market was strong and prices closed %c per Tb.higher than a week ago with every fudication of them going still higher in\u2019 the near future.according to the pric .oa that have been paid in the country.Western No.1 white and colored was quoted at 18%c to 18%c per Tb.and eastern No.1 grades at 18%c to 18ic per Ib.on the various country cheese boards.No.1 unpasteurized butter sold at 3314c per Ib.and No.2 grades at 32%c¢c per ™.Cables received on Saturday reported the English markets weaker with finest New Zemland creamery butter quoted at 157s per cwt.COUNTRY PRODUCE The prospects are that there will be a normal crop turkeys raised in the province of Ontario this year, while the crop «f chickens may possibly be 10 per cent to 25 per cent inrger, according to latest advices received.Sales of selected turkeys weighing ¢ to 13 Ts.each were made at âTe to 49c per B®.: green ducklings weighing § to 6 Ma.at 3% to 35 c per Ib.: domestic WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 87, 1W/.MARKETS ducklings hing 5 to § fos.at 3%c to Ste per Th: selected ducks weighing § to 6 bs.at 26c to 29c per Db.; pou-fed Keess weighing 9 to 12 Thu.at f7e to Sc per Y.: selected geess weighing 8 to 12 Tha, at 26c to 28c per Ib.squab brofiers at 4te to se per TD.: selected broilers at 38c to 4fc per Id.; selected chtickens at Sie to 37c per D: milk-fed chickens at 3c to ¢3c per 11.and se lected fowl at 22c to 32c per To.\u201cFinal sales of fresh extra eggs In cer- | tons were made at {0c per dozen, and {in bulk at 38c per dozen.with firsts at 25e, and seconds at 32c per dozen.The | storage egg situation fn Canada is more | favorable than it wes generally anticipet- ea, as stocks are only about 153,000 Cozen larger than a year ago.| With carlots of new Ontario white potatoes arriving more frequently, the local market for potatoes is now more or less subject to daily change, with prices varying around $2 to $2.06, bulk, extrack, Toronto, delivered.Demand is moderate and incoming supplies ample to meet re- j quirements.POOL INTERIM PAYMENT initial Price For 1927 Crop $1.00 Per Bushel The farmers of western Canada who \u201care members of the prairie wheat pools will receive a total of $27.000,000 during .the present week.| E.B.Ramsay.secretary of the central selling agency of the western pools, announced an interim payment on wheat, ' xmounting to 20 cents a bushel on durum, 16 cepts per bushel on the higher grades and 10 cents per bushel on some of the i lower grades.Of the total.Saskatchewan farmers will recelve $17.825,000; Alberta, $6,600.000.and Manitoba, $2,696,700.No payment is being made at this time on coarse grains.but a final payment will be announced soon, Mr.Rameay sald.Mr.Ramsay also Announced the foll.wing as the initial prices for deliveries on the new crop (1927).on basis Fort William: Nos.1 durum and northern wheat, $1 per bushel; No.2 C.W.oats, 34 cents per bushel: No.3 C.W.barley, 50 cents per bushel: No.1 N.W.flax, $1.50 por bushel; No.2 C.W.rye, 70 cents per bushel.THE BRIDE OF QAPPELLE (Continued from page 22.) springing at ws.which we would have killed, but we did not wish to arouse our toes and end our mission without gaining all ths information we could.so we ran off.We felt sure that there was something of great value in the lodge, slse Piskwa would not keep à bear to protect him, so we decided to watch our opportunity to discover the meaning of the strange protecior.On the following day we killed a buffalo.and that we might not be attacked we alept by turns ta the bluff during the day and sallled out at night in search of news.We waited in our hiding place till it was n- tensely dark, and went forth again among the lodges.and seeing the lodge fires burning, we concluded that our foes had been Informed that there were strangers near, and they were on the watch.Golng to the further end of the camp, we crawled close to the lodges, and listened to the conversation.\u201cKesik is safe.\u2019 sald an old man, \u201c*The Sioux will try to steal her.said another, \u2018but ! will die, rather than see her carried to the Sioux camp.\u201d As tbe young man was narrating his story in simple fashion, tbe head chief and his companions listened eagerly to every word.and when the Sioux was mentioned they bent forward and fastened their eyes intently on the speaker, as {f they would read the rest of the story in his heart, before he had spoken it.They did mot interrupt him.however, with any questions.but allowed him to proceed, and he continued.\u201cWith the name of Kesik upon our lips we crawled from lodge to lodge, and wherever we listened we heard that name.\u201cShe Is a gift from the gods, said one.\u201c'And all our prosperity is due to her, and it we lose her the gods will be angry and darkness will settle upon us\u2019 \u201cWe discovered that Kesik ls the dau- ghler of Piskwa.and that the people guard her night and day, and they sometimes call her the White Princess.If we can slay ber, we shall be able to de feat the Crees in battle.but If we can capture her.and have her in the Sioux camp, the prosperity of the Crees will, foliow her, and we shall bocome the most powerful tribe on all the plains.\u201d When the speaker ceased his compan in nodded assent, and the chiel.havin them for the resort them, When they had gone the head chief, addressing the company, sald: \u201cWe must possess the child of the gods.Think over this question, and we will discuss it at another time.\u201d The report of the healthy condition of the Crees spread among the tribes, and along with It, the fact of the presence ol a white child In the camp.who was recognized as a gift from the gods, and as the people talked around the lodge fires about the mysterious child, many were anzlous to look upon her face.but were afraid to make the journey or seek an interview, lest thelr curiosity might be misinterpreted, and they should be held captive by the Crees.About seventy-five miles eastward there was a band of Snake Indjans, who had heard of the White Princess.and were anxious to see her, but they were afraid to visit the Cree camp.So eager were they to get a glimpse of the maiden, they despatched two young men with gifts of fur to Plsk- wa, accompanied with a request that they might be permitted to send = deputation of their wisest men to pay thelr respects to Kesik.When the young men arrived on their mission.and were shown to Piskwa's lodge and had delivered their message, they were conducted to the lodge of one of the minor chiefs.where they were entertained.Piakwa was too courteous and dignified to reluse, upen his own responsibility, such a request, yet he felt that the tribe must be con sulted, as everyone claimed bis dangi- ter as their own.and he dared not de cide hastily upon so important a matter, besides thers was no legitimate reason for making the Snake Indians their in veterate foes.Accordingly he summoned the chiefs to a council, and when thes had assembled In his lodge, he presented the request .of the chiefs of the Snake Im- dans.\u201cSend the young men home.and tell them to mind their own business.\u201c said Makeyo, the war chief.\u201cit always pays to be courteous,\u201d said Chowek, whose words were weighty through a noble example of sterling hou- esty and bravery.\u201cThere is no need of embittering the Snake Indians, and thougb we have nothing to fear from them, because their numbers are few and they are dispirited through starvation and disease.yet there can be no harm in receiving the deputation, and some day we may need them.\u2018 There waa a frown on Makeyo's face, and he muttered: \u201cWe are mot womea.Wa are men who fenr not any fou Keak A GREAT Growing Company E total life assurance in force by the Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada today exceeds the total life assurance in force in all Canada in all companies before the war.On December 31st, | 926, it amounted to $1,256,490,000 or an increase over 1925 of 23%, SUN LIFE: CommANY ANADA MONTREAL Public Co.of Montreal lsiand Power (Carrying warrants to bond) Montreal Tramws: y, Montreal Light, t & Northern C: Power, Ltd.Northwestern Utilities, Ltd.Ottawa & H Co.Toronte Quebec London, Ont.INVESTME Federal and Provincial Government Municipal Security offerings witl be submitted on request Manitoba Power Company, Ltd.Company with 31000 Montreal Tramways Company, Ltd.Preferred Lid.7 Power Corporation of Canada, Ltd.6 We invite your enquiries for investment service NESBITT.THOMSON & COMPANY 145 St.James Street, Montreal NTS Utility Stocks 7 707 7 7 700 6.229, Ottaws Winnipeg Hamilton belongs to the tribe, and we must protect her.\u201d An old feud which had existed for several years between Makeyo and Chowek was renewed in Piskwa s lodge, and the two chiets exchanged some angry words, and the contest between them was likely to end In a bloody strife, but Chowek was angious for peace, so he arose and left the lodge.After the council was dismissed the young men were summon- od by Piskwa and informed that the Crees would be glad to receive the deputation from the Boake Indisns, and with this promise the messungers hastened to bear the news to the council.Before they departed Piskwa gave them a boauw- titul birch canoe, painted with native symbois belonging to the tribe, as a tokea of his esteem for the chiefs of the Snake ludians.(To be continued.) The Montreal \u201cWitness and Canadian Homestead\u201d is printed and published at No.322 Craig St.W.in the City of Montreal.by Joba Redpath Dougall and Frederick Eugene Dougall, both of the City of Montreal.Bubacription raté 32.00 à your.ww "]