Witness and Canadian homestead, 6 janvier 1932, mercredi 6 janvier 1932

[" \u201cles WITNESS : and Canadian Homestead JORN DOUGALL & BON, PUBLISHERS.THE WITNESS is working through its readers in every province and they through it, to Tn ake (am oda a lore & ue.The Week\u2019s Outlook Whooping Up HOOPING up broke forth anew with the Jjoy-bells of the new year.Assurances that we are just on the eve of better times \u2014yes, of prosperity before unknown, have filled the welkin.The speeches of the captains of industry and the magnates of finance have beamed with pleasant visions, and news columns have studiedly suppressed every admission that conditions were still growing worse.The \u201crainbow\u201d supplements, the \u201csunbeam\u201d columns are always welcome no matter how stereotyped their tone or how sparing the evidence behind them.They are well meant on the part of those who quite understand how large a part imagination plays in shaping the actual conditions.Though the paeans and promises of this year are the counterpart of those which cheered us a year ago, we are still glad to be cheered.The shouts need to be the louder as the causes still go on, as securities go on sinking, and general insolvency 18 knocking the louder at the door.There is a distant gleam of hope in evidences that, however the truth may be scouted, the cause of all this trouble is forcing itself on the most obdurate and the most determinedly blind, namely, the segregation and practical annihilation of the greater part of the standard which is still the measure, near remote, of all transgctions.Even those nations which have lett the gold standard have to measure their currency in terms of it.True, à moratorium for debt payments js in effect for some months yet.But gold has to be gathered against its.termination.But the great cause of gold segregation today is tariffs which shut out goods in payment for needed supplies.These are at their very highest today.More promising of results is the breaking free from the present standard of one country after another.That, indeed, means international chaos in the meanwhile and financial dissolution in the case of some, Whither it may lead, It is hard to say.Many minds are probably bent on the creation of a standard more fixed than gold has proved to be.Meantime the process is terrible.Every country finding the remnants of its available gold being swept up to feed the maw of those that have been, refusing to buy abroad, have found themselves forced to alam their own doors against imports, lest they should owe more gold than they can Pay.So creating a general stoppage of the world\u2019s international commerce.That, of course, cannot last, Something must come of it, and that soon.Prospects are fine till the gold jam bursts in seme way, it may be & way that will make the hoards value- we VOL.LXXXVII.No.1.The Yellow Peril APAN has entered Chinchow, China's last stronghold in Man- churla.In her progress toward this culmination, she has encountered just enough of resistance to create unquestionable conditions of war, insistently as she repudiates that.The Chinese have maintained this testimony at considerable cost of life.They have been largely shot down whenever they have made a stand.The notable fact has been that resistance on their part has been vain from the first.Japan has asserted herself not only in that part of Manchuria which twenty-six years ago she wrested from Russia, but also in the part which at that time she conceded to Russia, not having then the strength left to continue the war.She now announees that her invasion will not halt till it has driven the last Chinese opposition beyond the Great Wall.+ .HAT perturbs observers is the fact that the Great Wall, now only & boundary line, may not end the matter.Chang the expelled Governor of Manchuria, announced that in ordering retreat from Chin- chow, he did a0 in order to make a stand at the Great Wall; thus proclaiming that he believed that Japan's ambition did met-emd theres What makes this suspicion natural is that Japan, in a similar jingo mood sixteen years ago, sent demands to China implying a purpose to take control of that country as a whole, and presumably in course of time to amalgamate it with the Mikado's empire.Japan has also made much - of an anti-Japanese outbregff\" at Tlentsin where she has a concession.In view of the fact that within the memory of the present generation Japan conquered the Chinese empire without difficulty, in view also of the above revelation of her aggressive mind, she is of all foreigners specially hated by the whole Nationalist movement in China.Japan has never falled to show her teeth in China when her haughty nationals were assailed by Chinese irrespon- sibles who are everywhere, and are quite beyond the control of the Nanking government.What makes this view of the matter very serious Is that there is nothing in sight to hinder Japan, while still professing to respect China's integrity, marching on to the other end of that anclent, but now disintegrated empire, until she confronts six hundred miles of France on the Tonquin front, fifteen hundred miles of Britain at the Himalayas, and about five thousand of Russia at the Altal mountains.\u2018This \u201cYellow Peril,\u201d is one of the clouds which hang over the world's horizon at the new year, India's Danger BLACK cloud, highly charged _ with electricity, has buzst upon the new year on the arrest of the mystic prophet Gandhi, followed by a host likewise pressing for martyrdom.Such disquieting action is a last, and very unwilling resort.Those who know India know à people far more under the Influence of notions than of intelligent considerations; and Gandhi commands the unquestioning imitation of such a people.He & à MONTREAL, JANUARY 6, 1932.natural leader of the tribe of Sakya- muni, the Buddha, and may well hope to go down to long generations of history as a worshiped demigod.He reached the mountain top of divine opportunity.He saw the kingdoms of the earth at his feet and he succumbed to the tempter.No more could he see what was best for India.To follow that gleam, to which he knowingly shut his eyes, he would have had to sacrifice his own greatness and the worship of an unnumbered people.Self-deceived he tries to think of himself as still a martyr to a holy cause, while he Is only a consummate and elaborate poser.Smiling lovingly and benignly going to prison again, indeed, to palatial comforts as compared with his wooden bed In a ragged tent, to where he will be out of the way of the millions whom he cheerfully commends to a sharper martyrdom in the pursuit of an impossible order and a phantom freedom.He cheerfully adds another merit in the eyes of this and succeeding generations.He knows well enough that the fulfilment of his program would throw India into immediate Internal anarchy and into the arms of invaders, against neither of which evils could his group of lawyer politicians make even a show of resistance, (GANDHL knows that whatever uni 87th Year.SUBSORIPTION PACTS INSIDE TWO DOLLARS A YEAR describe anything more paltry than these discussions of the prospects of this and that party in relation to popular likes and dislikes.Virulence against all foreign relations so diligently promulgated twelve years ago by protected privilege, for the purpose of precluding Woodrow Wilson from a renewed ascendancy, has continued 80 to work in a very receptive \u201cculture\u201d as to call for a rivalry between politicians as to which can profess the greatest scorn for overseas interests.Meanwhile in the press of all the nations is a moaning concurrence in the conviction that the cause of the impending collapse of the world's immemorial, but now manacled, system of exchange and the lone hope of release from a crash rfi the world's commerclal system are in the United States.To the world\u2019s suspense comes the off-hand reply of the Secretary of the Treasury to a press enquiry: \u201cThere will be no trip to Europe this winter\u201d; in other words, the United States will not participate even unofficially in the projected war debts conference cf European nations.It was further explained that the United States intended keeping aloof on the ground that the conference is primarily concerned with reparations\u2014obligatiors from certain European countries to others\u2014European war debts to the United States being transactions be- - Inéia-tans, she owes entirely to®\\twoem individual nations, a distine- the British raj and that whatever national aspiration there may be in -her, is of British birth.He knows that Britain, having created this im- perlal order, is responsible for its maintenance and, with the utmost concurrence in the desire for self- government, cannot in honor lay it down.But he is so obsessed with his grandiose vision and with the worship of a people that, however unwillingly, he is bound to precipitate a reign of terror only to bring about a eontinuous condition of devour- Ing conflict far more savage than that which has in the same name of nationalism, made China the helpless prey of brigandage for twenty years, with a very uncertain fate before her.It will he a good thing for India if the firm hand of the government, responsible under Providence for its well-being, can assert itself against this allurement of Satan.It is impossible to prevent brutal methods in the pitiful clashes that wiil follow.We may now look for the American reporter describing for the joy of the Thompsonites, the atrocities of Britain.There is no doubt of the genuineness of Britain's desire to give India self-government to the utmost extent that may be possible, indeed, she is sure to seek to go further than is possible.The Epicentre ERHAPS the biggest earthquake in the lap of 1932 has its centre at Washington where case-hardened contempt for the woes of the nations sits, apparently all unconscious, on the world's safety valve, determinedly ignoring its relation to the threatened explosion.The year opened there with the absorbing sense that this is the presidential year and that no other interest involves portents of equal moment.The despatches burst with surmises as to who will be the next president.In the presence of great responsibility it would be hard to tion almost too fine for perception.But the theory that there is no connection between the two is as dear to the United States partisan poll- tician as the cherry tree legend is to Big Bill Thompson of malodorous memory.BRITAIN, the party chiefly looked to to make good to the United States the losses of the Allies, might likewise disclaim any interest on reparations, as she also had no territories ravaged, and might as well leave Europe to fight it out for ali she cares, were it not that under the Young and Dawes plans, the allies\u2019 payments to her come back on Germany\u2019s making good her liabilities to them.Her Interest is.in having countersigned the liabilities of allies in the war\u2014allies, by the way, who were fighting America\u2019s battles as well as Britain's\u2014who had exhausted their own credits and whose payments to her creditor have by those Amer- fcan-made plans, become dependent on German reparations.She, long ago made plain that she was asking nothing from her allies of the vast advances she had made them from her own resources\u2014only, as she must, enough to pay debts incurred beyond her own means on their behalf.Is it unnatural that, having at length come to the end of the gold resources in which she has had to do the paying, she should make her own payments contingent on what she can collect.Also, that she should enquire into the moral quality of the debt.Whether, for instance, the United States, being in the war at the time, the debt was incurred, has not her own moral lability with regard to the cost of winning it; also whether that debt is rightly payable in money rendered by the creditor about two and a half times more costly than 1 was worth when the debt was incurred.* .THE United States says, through the resounding voice of Mr.Borah: \u201cBefore RBurope asks us to reduce or TWO postpone its obligations to us, let it set its own house in order by reducing is armaments\u201d Armaments by the way, that, rightly or wrongly, the nations consider vital, while the United States goes on increasing hers far beyond any defensive need.To that, a not unreasonable and far more pertinent answer would be: \u2018Let the United States abandon a policy that is still day by day increasing the debt undertaken by us by absorbing more and more the remaining dregs of the world medium and making our debt four times, speaking in terms of comparative wheat prices, what it was when we undertook it\u2014a policy by the way that is similarly paralyzing her own internal commerce and bringing down her banks by the score, The Gleam A\" we down-hearted on entering a year over whose cheery face so many clouds hover?Far from it.\u2018The conditions are those of the highest hope.Grand changes are pending and though we know not what, we do know that out of this tumbled world will evolve a new and a better; that over the wrecks of venerable institutions will rise, as we see 50 constantly in our cities \u201cmore stately mansions.\u201d There can be no return to normal.In a world of advance is an ever new heaven and a new earth.There are people who can see no steady light ahead through that unknown and at times tempestuous future, people who, with no assurance and no purpose worth living for, need in the best of times thrills and diversions in which to drown dull care and make life tolerable; and in times of discouragement such need to shut their eyes and be sung to with fllusory cheer.All literature and the very forms of our words for what we call pleasures reveal such to be the mass.There are those, on the other hand, who, apart from recorded revelation, see in the now known history of our globe and in the ever new and startling revelations of the wondrous powers laid up for us in it, and who see in man\u2019s own high powers and in his own consequent responeibility, that he has his own great free part to play.To those who in that faith so cooperate for all men's good, all things work together for good, though the divine purpose in them may be balked by man\u2019s selfishness and sin against his own conscience.The great work will not be complete till after a long, hard schooling of experience men find that the only working rule is tbat called \u201cthe golden\u201d under which each man will forget (deny) himself im seeking the good of all others.Till then, the only satisfaction open to man is in abandonment to that high quest.Another Citadel Falls INLAND, though only thirteen years old as a self-governing nation, is, in some respects, the most modern in Burope.Women have always had their full value in Pinland, and that country has had total prohibition as long as the United States has had it.A referendum to determine whether that policy should continue has resulted in an emphatie mandate against it.Few doubt that Finland would have prohibition continue if she could.The difficulties were tremendous.Finland is a peninsula between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland, with much coast to defcnd, and is backed by a sub-arctic wilderness.She is contiguous to nine immediate neighbors, every oné of which is as good à base for bootlegging as Canada has been to the United B8States\u2014to say nothing of enemies further off.Gov- emment sale, somewhat on the lines we know ou this continent, seems to be favored.It is to be expected that the country will favor the system from which it looked for the most complete results.The lesson of WITNESS AND CANADIAN all these efforts at making peopls temperate by law is that they will avail only in so far as the law expresses the strong convictions of the people.It is very hard to maintain that sentiment in the people so long as every liquor-fed newspaper is full of suggestion in a contrary sense.The Pope's Invitation 18 Holiness, Pope Pius XI, Pon- tifex Maximus, broadcast 2 Christmas card, in the form of a fatherly invitation to all Christians to unite under his authority; or, as he sees tt, to return to the true Church.Sincerity and simplicity run through every lMne of his utterance, which we presume to be ex cathedra and therefore infallible.His appeal to the eastern churches was ecclesiastical.It was a centennial of the Council of Ephesus.At Ephesus those churches had ali, in the persons of their bishops, after much controversy recognized the supreme authority of the Bishop of Rome.Poor Ephesus! It departed from \u201cits first works\u201d its \u201ccandlestick wasremoved outof its place.\u201d People are digging up In a wilderness the evidence that there was once a great city.The Pope espec:ally calls on Protestants\u2014the farthest from the foid\u2014to invoke the protection of the Virgin Mary as me- diater and interceasor with God.The Roman Church is very tenacious of the truth of Scripture.Protestants read the Bible, Why does not the Pope cite its authority in urging this strange faith upon them.It might seam to them that he does not know the Bible.To them this proffer looks like direct disloyalty to the Master.\u201cThere is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, We ought all to be intercessors; but what is a mediator?Not one who pleads à cause with a vindictive potentate, but one who unites man with God; one in whom men ean behold God as the infinitely loving Father, longing for men\u2019s love and loyalty, and who would bear the utmost suffering and ignominy for man's sake.Why should we contradict Christ's testimony with regard to God \u201cHe that hath seen Me hath seen the Father.\u201d Why should we ignore His sufficiency.\u201cNo man cometh unto the Father but by Me.\u201d The Saviour\u2019s Serrew AS to our Lord's teaching with regard to His mother, Protestants find this unequivocal in the gospels.While rejoicing in Luke's beautiful idyll of the motherhood, we must pass on to what Mark declares to be the beginning of the Gospel and note the Saviour\u2019s many grieved references to \u201cthem of his own house.\u201d We find that he never once failed to rebuke sternly any reference to his mother as lraving relation to his ministry or function.\u201cWoman, what have I to do with thee?\u201d \u201cWho is my mother and who are my brethren\u201d (not those who aregwithout) \"He looked round on those who were about him, and sid \u2018Behold my mother and my brethren\u2019.\u201d To the woman who very naturally called His mother blessed, as we all must, He said significantly, \u201cYea, rather blessed are they that hear the word of God and keep it.\" On the cross the Saviour confided his mother to the care of His beloved dis- clple, instead of to her own sons who had not believed in Him.She was not among the women who followed Jesus and who were In a frightened group on the fringe of the crowd at the crucifixion.Mother-like, she was much nearer.Immediately after the ascension, if not before it, these \u201coutsiders\u201d cast In their lot with the despised disciples and were naturally highly honored among them.If Mary is needed as a mediator, why is she not so much as mentioned in the writings that follow?And, by the way, a8 being germane to the papal claim, why is Peter's dominance never so much as hinted at, great as was his ascendancy in the beginnings HOMESTEAD, JANUARY §, 1833.when he opened the kingdom of heaven to Israel at Pentecost and to the Gentiles in the house of Cornelius?Mere that dominance God's law for the Church, thatgreat fact would run all through the Scripture and would not hang on a single figure of speech in only one gospel, whatever that figure may mean.Invocation IF one would ask what is the Protestant tenet on this question, he will find it bluntly stated in Article XXII of the Church of England: \u201cThe Rom- ish doctrine of invocation of the saints Is a fond thing, valnly invented, and grounded upon no Warranty of Scripture, but rather repugnant to the Word of God.\u201d Dr.Dale of Birmingham defined, as the distinctive feature of Protestantism, the free and direct access of the individual soul to God and of God to the individual soul.It ls vain prevarka- tion to say that Mary is not worshipped.Usurping the Saviour\u2019s essential quality as a Mediator between God and man, she more than shares the place In the people\u2019s devotions.Men and women need to feel the throb of the Father's heart and that need is supplied in the person of One who has faced all our temptations and can sympathize with every joy, every grief, with all the longings, the atriv- ings and the failures of humanity, yet in whose whole being men could se God.It Is a rejection of this most divine approach to the heart of man, to pass the pleading Saviour by and turn to Mary.It 1s a denial of God as revealed in Christ.God is Jove.God had been to all nations à terrible judge.To Israel he had been a champion and father of the nation, a possession of the Jews.There were psalmists and seers who rose above that selfish view.The book of Jonah taught otherwise.But the tribal idea culminated in the riot in Jerusalem against one who carried a gospel to the Gentiles This dominant character of God as an angry one who needed to be appeased remained in the Church.\u201cHast thou been so long time with me and hast not known me?\u201d Even the gentle Saviour became the dreadful Avenger in Michael Angelos Last Judgment.So as the plant in the dark cellar turns timidly to whatever light is visible, the starved hearts of men and women turned to her whom they called the Divine Mother.Protestantism IF Romanism must look backward and be changeless, Protestantism must look ever forward to ever greater light.It is not for Protestants to throw a stone at this defective manifestation of faith in a divine love and goodness.In some formulas of Reformed religion, God was painted in just as forbidding colors.The, presence of God in the Church and in the individual souls of men may be a rediscovery of the next revival of religion, which is surely due.The presence of God is not a function of an organization formulated into tenets which harden through tradition into soulless bonds and cankering shackles, It ls a life in a llv- ing organism.\u201cWhere the Spirit of the Lord is, there is Mberty\"\u201d\u2014not bondage to human authority past or present.God is Love.Where, in that next revival, will He find the response for which that love yearns?Will it be among the fixed traditional re- ligionists?\u201cWhen he was yet a great way off his Father saw him.and ran and fell on his neck and kissed him.\u201d But the Father could make nothing of the son who had been ever with him and had counted himself sole possessor of all his Father had.Council And Pepe AB to the Council of Ephesus, fifteen hundred years ago, volumes have been written.The Council was convoked by the Emperor Theodosius II.especially to deal with the Nestorian controversy.Nestorlans whom it excommunicated, held that it was wrong to call Mary the Mother of God.More than two hundred bishops were present.The Bishop of Rome was absent but sent three delegates.When the question of supremacy came up, it was decided (Canon VIII) \u201cThat no Bishop should interfere in the affairs of any province that had not been under his administration from the bishop should make amend, and i he had assumed the government of any other diocese he should make restitutton.The fathers of the Church being very careful that the priesthood should not become an occasion for worldly pride and tem- .the right of each inviolable In accordance with the customs that have always been.\u201d Pope Gregory the Great, two hundred years later had lofty ideals of the authority of the Roman see; but he regarded ihe acts of thus Couneil with special veneration and declared that \u201cHe who would be universal Pontiff becomes, through pride, the forerunner of Anti-Christ\u201d \u201cLet 1t be far from any Christian soul,\u201d he says, \u201cto take a title which would in ever so little diminish the honor due to bis brethren.\u201d International Curreney ENATOR KZAN (Republican N.J.) thinks he has a great plan for equalizing the currencies of the United States and Canada.The present high rate of exchange acts Hke an additional fence on top of the tariff fortifications to prevent the sale of American goods and services in Cansda.He would knock dewn that super-barrier by equalizing exchange, and he would do it by treaty with Canada to appoint a Canadian representative on the United States Federal Reserve Board, the admission of the Canadian banks as members of that Board, and the adoption by Canada of currencies issued by the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States.This, he says, would make one banking system north of the Rio Grande.The Senator seems to be rather keen on peaceable penetration of the Dominion, to the exclusion of British assoclations.Why not suggest one flag and be done with it.The alternative to one currency is a continuance of abnormal disparity, further handicapping the advantage of commercial intercourse.\u201cCanada,\u201d he says, \u201cwill come into this market tg borrow additional money to develop her country.If exchange continues as it 1s now she would receive 80 cents for each dollar she borrowed.\u201d e LS .Is the simple minded Senator proposing a game in currency with loaded dice or \u201cheads we win, tails you lose\u201d?Surely if Canada imports American currency, she gains the rate of exchange as she must lose it when meeting interest or making capital return if the rate of exchange be still against her.If American bankers will only lend us funds on the basls of our y while exacting their currency in return, on the assumption that United States currency will still be at a premium, that would be a pretty effective embargo against further import of American funds.The Senator is at least keen enough to see the disadvantage of a financial barrier while being blind to the greater disadvantage of commercial boundaries which his own party has forced upon Canada and the world.He sees part of the trouble and thinks he sees a cure to the advantage of his country.In view of the fact that the banks of the United Btates are tailing by the score and by the thousands and that their own currency is testering on the brink of & fall, it is not to be wondered at that they would welcome our solid banks as + EE RS SI.GTR pr - re need a common banking centre to establish its currencies as nearly as possible on a common basis.But it must be a capable and politically independent centre of economies, not a condition of vassalage of one country to the mere politics of another.It is a considerable rectification of the balance of trade.The adverse balance has been reduced from a hundred and three million dollars to seven and à halt million.In ordinary healthy trading, there ought to be what is called an adverse balance.That is, the goods received should be worth as much more than those exported as will pay all costs of transportation and handling in the process of the exchange.Unless in the total these .casts are covered, the result is a loss.What is called.a favorable balance means that in our dealings abroad we have given more than we got.That might be generous, but would not mean profit.ances had little weight a few years ago on the party now in power, which was declaring Canada was dying for want of a protective tariff at a time when Canada was selling abroad more than four hundred million dollars above her foreign purchases.Great Britain in her years of greatest prosperity had great trade balances against her.The value of goods as landed on her shores was much greater than the value of what left them.She was thus getting a fine return from her overseas transactions.To this she added a considerable profit from her ocean carrying trade and from her ever-increasing investments that of the United States.to be subsidized to keep i¢ going at all, does not take count of her liners on T has brought about this great change in the Canadian balance of trade?Certainly not a better return for our exported harvests and forest products.They have been in the depths all through the year.It is because we have imported so much less.One good reason for that has been that we have had so much less money to buy with; and in the later months our money has been st a heavy discount where we buy most.Another ls that while our exports were being marketed commonly at a loss to the producer, the prices of our imports, and with them the prices of things \u201cmade in Canada\u201d.have been protected from a like fall by the continually advancing Bennett duties, making it both ways harder to live.The purpose of these duties has not been to increase the revenue or to Increase trade simply to make possible losing businesses.They are hailed as & masterpiece of policy by those who have their hands in the plunder.\u2018They are a great loss to the revenue and an enormous outright loss to the purchasing people.\u2018They have dim- inshed the peoples power.They have reduced the total Consumption and comforts and the \u201cFavorable\u201d trade bal- -the ruler over purchasing - WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JANUARY 6, 1933.total business of the country.While thus paying full protected prices for purchases we received only seventy per cent of what we got the year before for our exports in the previous bad year that brought the government of that day down.We do not in any way blame Mr.Bennett for having hit on evil times.We very much blame him for the promises which befooled the people and for his destructive mode of cure.Canada could not in any way regulate the prices of what we had to sell; but by burdening and impeding the return business we did greatly reduce what we might have got for our exports.The whole business of the country being impeded, the out-of-work conditions instead of being abolished or improved, have become greatly worse.This has been an effect all over the world of the throttling of trade, a numbing process in which the United States took the deadly lead which we blindly followed.Who Shall Rule?INCE Magna Charta parliament has been, in all countries, and under various forms and.names, the palladium of human liberties.Is it stil 20?The Italian parliament answers with practical unanimity to the beck of Mussolini.Without him, it would be a lay figure in full costume with the head left out.In Russia the Soviet is & form; Stalin is the reality.In Germany, President Hindenburg constituted Dr.Bruening dictator in the hope, passibly, the vain hope, of keeping that self-nominated and self-proclalmed emperor, Hitler, out.In England a blank cheque has been given to a small coterie with a blg majority pledged to whatever this trusted group may do.In Canada par- lament is Bennett; in Quebec it is Taschereau.Either of these speaks and it is done.In every case this is 80 with the people's consent.Hitler kicking overboard all pretence of popular liberty, or personal rights, leads the largest and most enthusiastic party in Germany.Everywhere there is a practical confession to the proposition that not more than one man in a hundred has a mind of his own.in a doleful mood for intelligent guidance, in the difficult ways of life, the Preacher said: \u201cOne man among a thousand have I found; but a woman among all those have I not found.\u201d \u201cYeu mustn't find fault with Mr.Bennett; He's a good man and doing his best,\u201d says an intelligent Canadian.Or: \u201cHe's the ablest man we ever bad.\u201d Of course, none of the thousand thinks of himself as being one of a thousand reeds shaken with the wind and bowing in whichever way an interested newspaper press blows, or an interested environment feels.John Bull seldom falls to echo his Times or his Telegraph with full original conviction.Carlyle discovered long ago that men was the \u201ccanning man\u201d the man who can the man who believes in himself and enforces that beMef on others.The saddest and most terrible picture that the world presents today is a group of competent advisers telling the creditor nations that disaster overhangs the world unless speedy action is taken by the creditor nations, replied to by a practically unanimous Congress that neither now nor ever will the United States modify its claims upon Europe.This is not the voice of à leader, for such we cannot call the spume thrown up by a democracy schooled through all its generstions in malice toward Europe.Those, who, to save their privileges, inspired the nation with rage against the League of Nations rekindled a smoldering fire of malevolence which got down into the mould and which is beyond their reach to extinguish now that they see how dangerous it is to the nation itself, and to thelr own interests.(ONE reason why parliaments are 80 pointless is that our system of voting tends to uniformity.It practically excludes the voter with views.He is restricted to a choice between two party candidates, neither of whom he knows, or, knowing, approves.The elected in turn, is not sent to parliament to use his intelligence; simply to follow his leader.His leader's ruling purpose is to blacken the other party or, rather, the other leader.We know of nothing better than parliamentary rule.There is, however, a system that would cultivate more individuality both in the membership and in the voter.That 18 what is called proportional voting.That is a system by which any group large enough in the country can be sure of having its proportionate representation in parliament.Many practical statesmen who would do anything to reform the system, object to this plan on the very ground that it would give the voter an opportunity to have his convictions represented in the nations\u2019 council.It would fill parliament with cranks all interjecting impractical, troublesome questions and with amall parties which by kaleidoscopic changes of combination would keep parliament in à constant turmoil of fretful change.Only two parties are possible in parliament as governments can only rule by a majority of the whole House and can only be removed by a majority of the whole.So reason the practical critics.The question seems to be whether it is better for the people that they should be latent and practically governed by oligarchies and dictators, or whether they should all be busy trying to do something for their country.Neither system would quite save the people from being \u201ccarried away to idols, even as they are led.\u201d There might spring up a growth of purposeful newspapers, each supported by a few people with a purpose.But the power would still be in the hands of those who knew best how to court the big interests and cater to the crowd.Sub-Aretie F Jonah had written a report on his trip to Nineveh via Tarshish, with the conclusion that he was definitely of the opinion that with proper organization that route could be used, the report would have commended itself only to the stormy petrels of adventure.Jonah, though he did not get to Tarshish for which he set out, did get to Nineveh by the kindly intervention of a whale.Flight Lieutenant D'Aeth of the British expedition to explore the mysteries of the Greenland ice cap as a route from England to Winnipeg, though he did not get to Winnipeg or see Hudson Bay, did get back to London with a story that Sinbad might envy.After all the expert meteorological informa- tlon available, the expedition was surprised on the Greenland coast with eighty and ninety mile gales which blew one way at one level and another way, or did not blow, at another level.It would be pretty hard for the best forecasting In London to chart those gales months ahead.These kent on in variable whifts for months together.From the point on the Greenland coast at which the expedition was stalled one of the moths had to go to Tassiasak for provisions and returning, was wrecked owing tg the very brief daylight of almost exactly a year ago.By a miracle of expert management, without tools or materi- al\u2014reduced at length to driftwood, but with the wiiling help of the native carpenter aid the Moravian pastor and indeed everybody, and with measurements from the other moth, that plane was made fit for the terrible adventures before it, when presently the other plane, attempting to land on a promising snow surface came to grief on an invisible rock, hidden by the mow.The gales continued to beset the Journey inland but OVIES are subject to censorship magazines and ridio broadcasts are not.How much more degrading are they than many films passed by the censors?Thie very fact that films are passed as OK.adds to their power to degrade.But who are the censors?And what are their standards, objectives, visions?It is conceivable that a melodramatic production tainted with lust and punctuated with pistol shots might have à note of mother love or moral courage that would appeal to some sin sick soul.It is possible that such a play might do good in some low theatre; but what would be the effect if such a play was exhibited in the Sunday School hall for the delectation of the children by arrangement of the superintendent and with the minister looking on and raising no protest?About two years ago, that happened in one of the large United churches of the Montreal district.It happened again on the next screen night and at least two children were restrained from further attendance.An Anglican church widely advertised a play by their young people in which, before a crowded house, the players smoked and drank what purported to be wine of old vintage, and had a fling at Prohibition.In another Sunday School hall there was a skirt dance of the low theatre type.The rest of the play Was very pretty.We were talking of censorship of the screen, of the radio and of the periodical, but where could censars be found wise enough to steer clear both of prudery and of pruriency \u2014 extremes which have a tendency to rather Intimate association.- .MR.BENNETT'S tariff on magazines was sald to be partly planned to keep out the southern tide of filth that overflows Canada.But the devil in man is not easily checkmated or even cornered.All sorts of lobbying and intrigue began at once to wipe out the duty on page plates so that the magazines could be cheaply reprinted in Canada.And this seems to have been abetted by one or more powerful Canadian publishers who coveted the oppartunity to get profit able printing orders.Anyway the duty on these plates has been removed and these Toronto publishers, who the least, Canada would better do without.As to censorship, if a magazine contains anything unusually obscene and anyone draws the attention of the police to it they may raid the stalls and destroy the issue, And as soon as the raid is announced, secreted or second copiez command a high price.The hot stuff sells like hot liquor to the of the even though it keeps within bounds and Is \u201cno worse than the Bible.\u201d What is the answer?Let the ministers declare it.arity not to speak of vices .° e \"THE chief stock in trade of the news stands is a gauge of public char- acter in any community.For every sort of food there is a stomach.Rats and roaches and lice thrive on fikh.What can be said of human beings endowed with minds capable of enjoying beauty and reason and hearts capable of loving God but who gorge the pestiferous, mildewed, viclous, stinking stuff in these magasines?Let no youth imagine that he can revel in such things without losing his birthright to & healthy mind in \u201d- WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JANUARY 6, 1932.a healthy body.As an opiate they will degrade his soul.Those who by some mischance drink fouled water and contract typhoid have a far better chance of a happy life here and hereafter than those who greedily feed on low magazines, low movies, low radio programs.Let us all pass the word along to any who are in the tolls of such publications that the time to break their loathsome fetlers is now, Why the Sunday School HAT is the use of the Sunday School?is the theme of an article in the London Times Educational Supplement, which, in reviewing three books on the subject, urges the need of it.The discussion reveals that the Sunday School is no longer in England what M was In its origin\u2014a miasion to neglected street children, who would otherwise never learn to read.It is treated as a necessary function of the \u2014 Church.This is an evolution from the days when, outside of achools, public and private, for the educated classes, what education there was for the common folk was given in Church schools, in which the catechism followed the alphabet In due course.The objection these books are written to meet still is that religion is efficient!y taught in the day schools What chance, it is said, has half an hour on Sunday, with possibly an indifferently equipped teacher, as compared with five hours in the week, with one who 1s professionally trained to the task?How different this, from conditions tn most of Canada, where religion has mo place In the school course by whose results the efficiency of the school is tested; and where ff religion appears at all, it does so oniy as an Intruder, appearing to the chil- ~dren as such.Still, according to all © these writers, the head religion taught tn the day school needs the religious application which it is the part of the Sunday School to give\u2014no longer as #t 1s put, In the school language of the day, the \u201cinstruction\u201d of the day school but the \u201ceducation\u201d of the Bunday School; not only in knowledge of the church's beliefs but In training in the Christian life and in Christian worship.Efficiency [HE writers reviewed seem to agree in demanding for the teachers such a training, not only in the subject matter of religion, but In child psychology and the art of teaching, as will save them from doing more harm than good?It is held too truly that children who, not really understanding, do not pay attention, only learn to account religion a bore.It ia held that very many of those who forsake religion, owe that attitude to the mistaken conditions in which they were brought up.One Thing Needful EXCELLENT! excellent! to furnish Sunday School teachers with primers on child psychology and with manuals on religious teaching for all such as can and will learn, \u201cLesson helps\u201d there are in over-abundance, with, too often, the result of using up ineffectively the brief time between the \u201copening and closing exercises,\u201d not commonly spoken of as worship, There is the recording at attendance, the distribution of papers and story books, then the stammering verse by verse through the lesson, the reading of the questions on the lesson leaf, costing no study on the part of the teacher, and possibly answering the same by the same method.Even that much has often served to keep the torch of religion glimmering in regions where there was no other stated tion of religion, with the greal advantage that it is spontaneous.It would be folly to undervalue the extreme importance of the quality of the teaching in the Sunday School.No one who has had an opportunity to observe but will testify to the difference In control and efficiency between those classes led by professional teachers and those where that training and habit are Jacking.But the problem everywhere ts how to make the utmost use of the material available and there can be no readier way to thin out the ranks of such than to mention child psychology or any other pedagogic requirement, The Teacher ALMOST everywhere the weak point about the Sunday School is unfortunately, the teacher.It is never good Christian psychology to belittle the demand on those who are called to service.It is theirs to give thelr all\u2014al they have, but not what they have mot.The supply of teachers varies, not so much in proportion to the intelligence of the congregation as to the spiritual life of the church.Children generally abound.Not so easily found are teachers fit to shepherd them, even where there is no lack for amateur thehtricals.The trouble is in the low reading of the spiritual thermometer.The tendency of the present age is to provide for peoples\u2019 soctal needs.These are needs and should be cared for.Social mirth is good.It is good just in so far as ft promotes the Kingdom of Heaven, as it may very well do.\"P}esed are ye that weep now for ye shall laugh.\u201d Where it is incongruous with that supreme purpose of life, it is unholy; amd we have only one life here to live.\u2018There are persons\u2014one bears them talking from the pulpit or the desk or leading in prayer, who have no sympathetic sense of the child mind, or, indeed, of the vocabulary of many who are not children.There was the old clergyman who explained to the children that the Catechism was a \u201cCategorical synopsis.\u201d It is doubtful if any psychology would ever supply the missing mental contact.We would count more on the natural sympathy of familiarity and love.But of all things one requirement, quoted by one of the above mentioned authors, ie the ruling one, namely that the teacher should believe and feel what he teaches, if he does not want unconsciously to train unbelievers.There is not in all the above disquisitions à word about the teachers responsibility for bringing his pupils to Christ.That is the first and over-ruling interest, apart from which all the machinery will result only in a decadent faith.We read of an utterly illiterate man who had this flame burning In his heart and on his tongue, every one of whose scholars became an eminent and active Christian The Parent THE Sunday School has agajoet it the fact that many parents, such as used at least to admit that it fel to them to bring up their children \u201cin the knowledge and admonition of the Lord,\u201d now assume altogether too easily that what should be their own life work can be satisfactorily looked after by some teacher trying to get their children\u2019s attention during haîf an hour just after the best dinner of the week.On the other hand, it does in a way supply what, without it, would be otherwise altogether lacking.In countless cases, parents who do not themselves go to church, are solicitous that thelr children should go to Sunday School.The achool and the teacher little realise their responsibility in such cases and how much there is In the child's life against them.This is not a parable, but & true story:\u2014A little girl demurs at going to Sunday School.Her father insists and tells her she ought to.Her reesdning is unanswerable: \u201cDaddy, why don't you go, too?\u201d PIONEER PAPERS Disarm By Dr.D.L.Ritchie, breaking up of the old world and the birth of the new, with many alarms and terrors\u2014what are the churches after?Are they still concerned with themselves\u2014their schemes and machinery, their creeds and differences, their quarrels old and new, with the patching up of what they have and the preservation of yesterday with its worn-out shibboleths and vestments, or are thelr loins girt for the service of the Kingdom of God, à day of which is dawning amid storms and fiery threatenings to everything that is not real, human and spiritual?What shakings to their foundations old ecclesiasticisms are getting in these days! Russia is in the foreground with a once powerful church, in a large measure apostate, now in ruins under the heel of a frankly materialistic state of one hundred and sixty million souls.Of course, religion is not dead in Russia.It is struggling to cut for itself new channels.The very enthusiasm of her youth for \u201cthe Cause,\u201d and even the new idealisms of the \u201cGodless So- clety\u201d of more than four million members, are proofs that guns and bludgeons cannot destroy religion, even when ecclesiasticisms have been hurled to the heap.But what a warning Russia is to a church dead to its mission.Mexico and Spain, following her example, have dealt reeling blows to Roman ecclesiasticlam.Germany is in grievous peril.South Africa threatens an ugly breach between her churches and the people.Even Italy under her Fascism, and in spite of treaties and understandings, armistice and covenants between, Mussolini and the Pope, is In a state of ferment.In the New World, the nations large- 1y free from the bonds and burdens of political relations between Church and State, express their revolt by indifference to creaking ecclesiastical machinery.Everywhere, in one form or another, there ls dissatisfaction and distemper, acorn for, or revolt against ecclesiastical Christianity.And yet the world heaves and pants, struggles, strives and longs for a better da, But it cannot be hastened by a church in the rags of yesterday.It must be met by her as a bride adorned to lead the new age.There are those who say that all such revolts against ecclesiasticism are to be welcomed.They would be welcome if their driving power was spiritual aspiration.But when their leaders aim at a materialistic state and a godless civilization, such revolts are full of danger to all that 1a moat sacred and enriching in human life.With the destruction of the case the jewels also may be destroyed.So it was in the French revolution; we have seen it in Russia; it is threatening in Spain; it is the peril of South Africa and Germany; there are evidences that it may be a danger in North America.For what is more plainly engraved on the broad page of experience than that a civil- zation cannot trifie with the sancti- tles of human relationship and not perish?A civilisation prospers only as it strengthers, purifies, enlarges and enriches such relationships.The true security is ennobled life.That is |\" these days of swift change\u2014the _ what is meant by the Kingdom of God.Do the churches see it?* .*\" they are others who think that can build walls against all ths microbes from troubled Europe 88 they bulld tariffs against trade and commerce and human brotherhood.They are the clever fellows who think they can imprison thought, bludgeon visions and deport ideas.They can wall a country round In self security and prosperity.They can put a mental revolution info quarantine.Clever fellows! Of course, such are among the most dangerous men that ever handled human affairs or attempted to lead a church or guide a nation.The only preservation of a civilisation must come from health within, and not by artificial defences and restraints without.That is why one asks so earnestly what are the churches after in these days of peril and opportunity, of change and challenge, of surging unrest and possibility or triumph, or disaster?Clear it is as God who writes in facts can make it, that great as have been the changes in the world since the war, greater changes are knocking at the door.The one hope for the world is that the spiritual and moral forces should take the leadership out of the hands of the man- oeuvripg financial and political alliances that manoeuvred the world into the pit, and, plainly, can do nothing to get it out.More than anything else human relations and affairs need a rejuvenating bath in the common virtues, beginning with honesty and industry and aimple faith between man and man.But how is that to be had if the churches fail to give it?Such fallure means disaster alike for civilization and for them.The Pope recently declared that he could nowhere see \u201cany solidarity except that of pain, suffering and misery.\u201d What a confession for the Head of the greatest church in Christendom to make! Could anything be more alarming to any form of seemingly stable society?Unless something can be done, and that speedily, to break up that solidarity of misery by human ministries and soclal changes, a real Armageddon is at hand.And woe betide all who are at ease in Zion and think that they ean dwell in selfish security.What rivers of the red wine of the wrath of God will flow! Our only hope is à new solidarity of righteousness and mercy, justice and love.And to create it 1s the one and only business of any church of God.T are the churches doing to | disarm a world that is the most dreadfully armed camp mankind has ever known?In sheer terror of what 1s sure to happen a Disarmament Conference is to be held at Geneva next month.The legions of hell will gather there to the last unit\u2014the financiers, the army purveyors, the militarists, the stockholders, the intriguers bent on gain, and all of them voluble with \u201cpatriotism.\u201d Will the churches be there in solid phalanx?Will.God and his Christ get à chance?Will the churches by aheer pressure of righteoumess and love win for him a great victory?Are they already astir, or through thelr supineness or preoccupation with things that matter not a whit, will & great day of God pass and disaster overtake us?Disarmament is the open rond out of our present woe.Are the churches making straight the way of the Lord there?What question could be more poignantly urgent?! \u2019 WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JANUARY 6, 192%, NEWS OF THE WEEK WORLD EVENTS tendent ao! Insurance.taken in Canada when the value of securl- was depressed by the Great War and it has been taken eight times since 1904 in United States.Jan.down, and it was feared Leawy damage had besn caused.At eight o'clock the following cities were cut off from communications: London, Windsor, Chatham, Sarn's, Woodstock, St.Thomas, Eischecer, Gueuph, Stratford, Brantford ang £ \u201cThat & united Christian Church is de- vouldy desired by all true bellevers in Christ as the thing most needed to belp the world out of the mess into.which !t has fallen\u2014 slike In Roman as in Projestant communi- ttes\u2014ls quite true.But that can never be lehed by the absorption af free bodies by a dictatorship which insists on imposing long-reaisted and fully discredited tenets as the condition for union.\u201d Such was the statement on Jan.4 of Archbishop C.L.Worrell, Primate of the Church of England in Canada, embodied in his comment on the enoyolical recently issued by Pope Plus XI.dated Christmas Day, calling for a reunion of Cathollcs and Protestants throughout the world.Great Britain \u2018The Government on Dec.29 announced the personnel of the new directorate of the British Broadcasting Comporation.Lord \u201cOeloford, reappointed vice-chalrman for five years; Viscountess Snowden of Ickorn- shaw, and Dr.Montague Randall, reappointed for one year; Harold C.Brown, appointed for five years to replace Sir Gordon Nalrne (resigned).\u2018The ch: of the board is Rt.Hon, J.H.Whitley, former Speaker of the House of Commons.Great Britain took tbe initiative in at- \u201cAacking the reparations problem on Dec.30 by asking the Eurapean Governmerts to meet at Lausanne, Switzerland, January 18, far a conference which will attempt to tide over the present German economic and fin- «nclal crisis.A denial was issued that the United States Government had made any approaches to Britain for enlarging the scope of the conference with a view to Joining it, or that Britain had sought U.B.participation on that basls.Great Britain's proposal for an international reparations conference sat Lausanne, Switzerland, on J 18, was accepted on December 31 by five nations, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy and Greece.The fact that the principal debtor and creditor nations will be represented, augured decis- ire developments regarding what reparations Germany will pay next year.\u2018The conferment of the title of Princess Royal upon Princess Mary; a viscountey for Lord Sankey, Lord High Chanoslior; the creation of five new baronies, three Privy Counciliorships, three baronetcies and 31 knighthoods are the principal! features of the New Year's honors list made public on Dec.31.The list is interesting, even if it contains few surprises.Among the minor confemnents is that of Dame Commander of the British Empire upon Queen Salote Tubou, Queen of Tongs, the \u2018friendly island\u2019 of the Polynesians.London's underground train workers were informed on Dec.31 by their employers that the end of the year also will terminate existing wage agreements and certain reductions will have to be made.The order applies also to bus drivers and conductors.C.P.Scott, managing director of the Manchester Guardian, died on Jan.1.Ed- tor of the Manchester Guardian for 57 years, Charles Prestwich Scott in recent years was regarded as the most important personality in English journallem.\u2018The London Gazette on Jan.1 announced the appointment of the Countess of Bess- borough te the Order of St.John of Jerusalem 26 à Dame of Grace.Sister Dominions Negotiations with Canadian banks for 82.200.000 to mest the immediate obligations of Newfoundiand have been sstisfactorily ister of the Island Dominion, announced, in a statement on Dec.31.Preméer James Lyons of Australis ane nounced his Cabinet on Dec.31.Hon.Earl Page, leader of the Country » which shared a victory with the Uni Australian Party in the recent general election, on Jan.1 prophesied the Dew Government would bs short-lived.Mr.Page said he feared Prime Minister J, A Lyons\u2019 treatment of the Country Party would not make for a stable Government.While the Country Party would remain loyal to ita pre-election agresment with the United Party, he added, it would not taler- ae the policy whicn apparently originated in Meltourne where there is said to be pronounced opposition to the Country Party's tari policy.Messengers on Jan.1 hurried through the countryside to warn dwellers on isola farms and In little townships in the river vallezs around Port Elimbeth, South Afrios, to retreat to the hills before a flood menace threstening a wide ares.Pollowing four days of abnormal rainfall the Sundey and * Gamtoos Rivers boiled down In flood and banks were burst In several places.Mahatma Gandhi on Dec.29 sought a meeting with Lord Willingdon, Viceroy of Indie, to get Lis advice and help In reaching a pescefui understanding on Indis's troubled situation.\u201cRed Shirt\u201d tribesmen continued to offer themselves for arrest on Dec.29 and 92 into custody in Peshawar.Thirty-two volunteer were arrested at Bannu and some at Kohat, bringing the total arrested in the Northwest Frontier Province in recent days to 1,128.Of these, 250 have been convicted and 37 released after an apology.In & stern warning to extremist Congress leaders and terrorists on Dec.30, Viceroy Willingdon made an appeal to Gandhi to of constitutional reforms, the Viceroy sald: \u201cI venture to hope that at this eleventh hour Gandhi will agree to call a halt to these activities and give the advantage of his powerful Influence to help forward a solution of the problem before us\u2014namely, to secure for the people of India the re- sponalbliity of administering thelr own affairs.\u201d Mahatma Ganda! Informes Lord Willing- don, Viceroy of India, on Jan.1 that he would withhold renewing the civll disobedd- ence campaign of warfare against the Government if the Viceroy would grant him an interview for the discussion of recent re- siriotive ordinances.Subhas Chandra Bose, former Mayor of Caleutts and one of the extremist Nationalist leaders, was arrested on Jan.3 after he had repudiated Mahatma Gandhi's conditional offer to co-operate with the Government for the purpose of preventing disorders in India.The arrest oocurred after he had joined with two other extremists, V.J.Patel, former president of the Assembly, and Jamnadas Mehta, president of the Indian Trade Unions, in & statement urging uncompromising batije for complete independence.Mahatma Gandhi was arrested early on Jan.4 at Bombay for the second time with- In a year and a half and Nationalist India once more prepared a campaign of civil disobedience.President Vallabhal Patel of the Indian Ratlonalist Congress was taken Into custody on Jan.4, with M.K.Gandhi.Both were arrested under a Bombay regulation of 1827 and the warrant s\\ated that they were being removed to Yerawda jail at Poona for \u201cgood and sufficient reasons.\u201d Paiel, shortly after his arrest, appointed Babu Rejendra Prasad, of Debar, to succeed him.The renewed civil disobedience campaign by Indian Nationalists, brought to à head with the arrest of Mahatma Gandhi, drew its firet blood on Jan.4.In a clash between police and Nationalist demonstrators at Allahabad, two men were killed, one of them trampled to death.Many others were injured ang 30 were arrested.Jawaharlal Nehru, second only to Gandhi among the Nationalist leaders, was een- tenced on Jan.4 to two years at hard labor for his antt-Government activities.Rajendra Prasad.who wes nominmed to succeed Valisbhal Patel as president of the National Congress was himself arrested of Jan.4.United States the city has no money Nine soboois were affected by the closing order.Europe Aristide Briand, veteran Foreign Minister.was unable to participate in a mesting of the council of ministers on Dec.31 and his doctors ordered him to take several days\u2019 rest over the holidays.General Paul Gerald Pau, noted French commander, dled in Parls on Jan.3, aged 83.Foreign Minister Dino Grandi was announced on Jan.4 to head Itaiw\u2019s delegation to the World Disarmament Conference at Geneva.The Belgian Cabinet appointed on Jan.4 «& delegetion to the coming International Paul Hyams, Pinance Minlsier Baron Hou- tart and Minister of State Emile Pranoqul.Under a decree of the Ministry of Piln- ance, the Bank of Portugel on Jan.4 wea relieved of the obligation to ensure convertibility of the escudo into gold, which means that Portugal has officially abandoned the gold standard.President Svinhufvud of Finland on Jan The Orient The Canton Chinese Government was dlasolved on Jan.3 in accordance with its peace agreement with the Nenking author ities.Lieutenant-General Shigeru Honlo mith à Japanese ai of 30,000 on Jan.1 wes master of Manchuria north of the Great Wall of Chins.A squadron of cavalry con~ stituting an advance guard of the main foroe entered the outskirts of Chinchow on New Year's afternoon.Culver B.Chamberlain, United States Consul, on his way from leave to his post ot Harbin, stepping from an automobile displaying the United States flag and cost of arms, was assaulted and painfully beaten by three Japanese soidiers on Jan.3 on ons of the main streets of Mukden.U.8.Consul General Myrl 8.Myers accompanied Mr.Chemberiain to the Japanese Consulate where he lodged s vigorous verbal with Consul B.Morishima against what he described as an \u201centirely unprovoked as- mult.\u201d .The deepest apologies of the Japanese Government were to the United States Consul-General at Mukden on Jen 4 for the attack by three Japanese soldiers on Consul Culver B.Chamberlain.At the same time Lt.-Col.Matsui, member of the staff of General Shigeru Honjo, Japan's Manchurian commander, \u20ac the opinion that Mr.Chamberlain was attacked because be had treated Japaness soldiers \u201cag if they were Chinese.\u201d FROM OUR FRIENDS W.R.MOTHERWELL, MP.Abernethy, Bask.Dec.24, \u201831.to put up for this world depression that is hitting us all is no of persons, places, or Anything else.It will be fifty years next June since I began residence on this homestead upon which I have ever since resided called my only home, although my and parliamentary duties for the past griar- ter of à century or more have called me over Canada, and I have never seen prairie agriculture In the condition of distress it 18 in today.I merely mention this to let you know that if old friends of are dropping off your subscription the West it is because they not only the money, but are actually on the ernment\u2019s relied lst with prospects of getting off.In spite of the fact that | b now well t of your \u2018teens, the ool- umns of the Witness are still up to the measure of the best In all Canada.I will be seventy-two myself next month and you were & young man of eighteen whan I was My earnest hope !s that the re Ta gl pliments of the season, but also all gratification that 1s usually associated with & long and useful life faithfully performed.I am enclosing renewal subscription for myself and grandson.\u2014Yours faithfully, W.R.MOTHERWELL.Note \u2014\"The terriv.e and brave 15 no more ours than it ls that of those who, doing their utmost, are with us through the Witness, or otherwise, for the welfare of humanity, in these times of universal crisis.Perhaps fortumately for our further efficiency of service we have not to experience any of the hardships under which so many of our reader friends are suffering acutely.In our personal ne cessities we lack for nothing.The only things we are doing without are ui- ties that would be uncomfortable In a time of such distress.It may be wall to say that any letter appearing in these columns that makes personal reference to the Editor ls inserted by his junior partner without the knowledge of his uncle who, while appre ciating the kind words, very deprecates their publication.But personally I feel that our readers have a right to express themselves occasionally and that it makes not only for mutual Intimacy but mutual understanding\u2014P.B.D.Burgessville, Ont., Dec.14, \"31.« Dear Sirs\u2014Hope you will not consider it an interference for en interested reader to aak this question.Could honorable advertising of honorable firms be used to help your cash balance and still maintain your present standard?W.COHOE.Note \u2014 Tes, Indeed they could.But almost all advertising :8 placed through advertising agencies, most of whom despts the Witness and hate It because of its attitude toward some of their best paying clients, the liquos trafic.Many concerns are wholly unaware that their advertising agents would deprive them of contacts with Witness readers ail over Canada simply out Adventuring through the \"WITNESS for a better world COUPON of SERVICE The Regular Renewal Subscription to the Witness is $2.But we will now accept One Renewal and 2 New Subscriptions All for $2.additional NEW subscriptions pro rata Foreign postage $2 additional per subscription.Bubscriptions for addresses In Greater Montreal fifty cents extra.Renewal subscriptions date from expiry of previous subscription.PERSONAL CO-OPERATION * COUPON of SERVICE John Dougall & Son Witness Bldg., Montreal.Dear Friends: - We are glad to have been able to Introduce at least two new homes to the Witness.and Address Name .and Address .My Name is .and venveu seau se sec eu uen and I am enclosing $2.00 for the subscriptions herewith.\u201ca rrc0en0t0sn0c00s0 ouest enn0c0u 0000002000 rrrereeee se rot Un 0 00 s 000 00010200 100 021000150000 020010010000 00 0008 rrrUts Sa at 00 na 102 000010000000 0000100000 NA 0 100000110000 0000000 SN \u201cee eer ett iiss earasasaiasenr trees ere nrean0 tua os1 110000000000 uneceussa0008 WITNESS AND CANADIAN MOMESTEAD, JANUARY 6, 1988.THE WET PARADE By Upton Sinclair Lod \u2019 Copyright: Abridged by special arrangement with the author.CHIEF CHARACTIARS IN THE STORY The Chulleote family, especially Masars Jay, sweet daughter of à Southern pladter, whose life has been deeply marked by her fathers drinking snd tragio self-inflicted death.Her brother Rooms, promising post.whose wayward life has not yet brought the inevitable consequence.\u2018The Tarleton fan.ly, especially \u201cPow,\u201d member of one of the First Pami- Hes of Virginia; thor-ughly enslaved to drink, father of Kr», general factotum of the family hotel managed by his mother.Jmay Tyra, young journslist, college mate of Roger and friend of Kip.As the clouds of war break over the United States, Roger, with his foot on the ladSer of success, secludes himaelf on an island off the Maine cosst.On his return to New York be and Jerry \u201ccelebrate.\u201d Un- \u201c looking his private Hquor cabinet at the Tarleton House, Roger exclaims, \u201cThat's fanny! Do you put water into your bottles PROHIBITION (Cont'd) Such a question hardly needed answering.Roger took another bottle out of the cabinet.It was supposed to be full of brandy, but the seal had been broken, and there was a telltale hole in the cork.When the cork was drawn, and some of the contents poured into a glass, it was discovered to be of the same color, transparent and tasteless.Three or four more bottles ylelded the same results.Somebody had opened the cabinet, and taken every drop of the liquor, replacing it with aqua pura from the Croton dam.\u201cAs God is my witness,\u201d said Jerry, \u201cI have never touched this cabinet.\u201d \u201cWhat did you do with the key?\u201d asked Roger.\u201cIts , been on my ring all the time.\u201d Roger knelt down and did a little sleuthing.There were apecks that looked like wax on the inside of the key-hole plate, and he said: \u201cSome one has taken an impression of the lock and had a key made.\u201d Kip had been standing by, observing the drinking scene, silent and uncomfortable as always.Now Roger looked at him, and saw that tears were running down his cheeks.He sprang and caught him by the arm.\u201cNever mind, kid!\" he exclaimed.\u201cNobody blames you.I really don't mind anyhow.It's a good one on me.\u201d He and Jerry began to laugh\u2014 though somewhat feebly.\u201cIt makes me want to die!\u201d exclaimed Kip.He could not control his tears\u2014they kept coming, and he did not try to wipe them away.\u201cBut kid, you can't help it! It's no more your fault than mine!\u201d Both Roger and Jerry saw that it was really necessary to laugh, and they managed to find it genuinely funny when they got started.\u201cI'l kill that black Taylor,\u201d exclaimed Jerry.| But Kip would havé no such pretence.\u201cIt wasn\u2019t Taylor,\u201d he said, simply.\u201cIt was my father.\u201d Roger grinned, as if this would be the best joke of all.\u201cYou really think that?By golly, if it was, he's got the laugh on us, all right.Imagine him chuckling up his sleeve!\u201d \u201cHe sure put one over on us!\u201d chimed in Jerry.\u2018The old rascal!\u201d \u201cYou see what's happened,\u201d persisted Kip, paying no attention to their pretences.\u201cThe price of booze has gone out of his reach, and so\u2014-\" he stopped, choked by his shame.Roger took him by the arm.\u201cDon't be a cry-baby, kid,\u201d he sald.\u201cYou're making a mountain out of a molehiil.When a man can\u2019t get a drink, well, what can he do but get one?\u201d \u201cFe might have blown out the gas in his room,\u201d answered Klip; \u201canything but a thief!\u201d Roger's grip on his arm became tighter.\u201cDon\u2019t use such talk, Kip! One doesn't put such things into words.And anyhow, I tell you, you're using the wrong: words.So shut up and let's forget it forever!\u201d \u201cI'll replace it, of course,\u201d said Klip, trying to get control of himself, \u201cAnd thank pou-\u2014I hope you know I appreciate your kindness In trying to turn ft into a joke.I'll get you some more, right away.\u201d This time Roger's laughter was unforced.\u201cBoy! If I have to drink what you buy, I'm on the wagon for Utet\u201d But Kip took à chance as to that.He carried the story to his mother.and she gave him the money\u2014he having none of his own.He went to the dealer from whom Roger purchased his liquor, and explained that some of it had been stolen, and that he felt responsible.The man looked up Roger's old accounts, and they got a pretty good idea of what had been in the cabinet.The prices made Kip\u2019s head swim\u2014but no matter, the loss must be made up.The stuff was delivered, and Roger thought it best to make gp fuss about it; but he set out at once to t \u201caquare\u201d on Kip and his mother.bribed Kip's aunt with a fancy Chinese shawl, and got from her Mra.Tarleton\u2019s measurements; -then, the evening before the Thanksgiving celebration in the family hotel, he sneak- to his landiady's room, and opened the door a crack, and dropped inside a large box, and shut the door quickly and fled downstairs.The box, upon being opened, was found to con- taln an unlmaginably expensive purple silk dress, in the new fashion which caused a middle-aged lady from Virginia to blush even to look at it.But what could she do about it?The name of the dealer had been cut out of the box,and all the labels cut from the dress, so it couldn't be returned; and when she accused the poet of the crime, he looked astonished, and denied it so solemnly that she half believed him.So there was nothing for Mrs.Tarleton to do but to add a lace fichu In the interest of modesty, and wear that costume to the evening celebration.Thus the chivalry of the Old South, which Jerry had so vehemently repudiated! When the poet danced an old-fash- joned lancers with Mrs.Tarleton, and jovially invited the Big Chief to call the figures, it was almost a family reconciliation.\u2014 IN that autumn of 1917, a black storm-cloud arose In the American sky, the revolution of the dreaded Russian Bolsheviks.It became clea) that these revolutionists were gol to make peace with Germany, and release a million of the Kaiser's troops to be thrown onto the Western front.The war, into which America had blundered more or less blindly, took on at once a desperate aspect.And this, of course, brought a new crisis in the problem of liquor.The prohibition fanatics were not content with having banned whisky, but wanted to put through their whole program.While alt the food In the country was being rationed, should we go on wasting grain in brewing beer?So they clamored.There had been a long-standing difference among temperance advocates over the problem of \u201chard liquor\u201d versus wines and beer.The latter contained less alcohol, and therefore were less harmful, and many temperance people had pleaded - with the brewers to cut loose from the distillers.The real evil was the saloon, these workers argued; lf we could have in this country something like the Europe cafe, where men sipped a glass of beer, and read the papers and chatted and listened to music, conditions might be better, and the efforts of the fanatics less successful.But all such overtures had been futile.The tempo of American life required quick drinking, and the tempo of business required quick selling.The saloon-keeper didn't want a customer who took an hour to sip a glass of beer; he wanted one who got drunk in half that time.The policy was to \u201ccrowd the market,\u201d and then use a share of the profits for \u201cprotection\u201d\u2014the buying not merely of the police and the city governments, but of both political parties.By that means the distillers and brewers had piled up an investment of a thousand million dollars; they had ruled the cities for a hundred years, and expected to rule for another hundred.But now, in the midst of the war, when distilling was seen to be doomed, the brewers were seized with a open Jerry's door in the morning, while the young man of the world was helpless, shaving his chin, and yell: \u201cAnother state has ratified the amendment! It a landslide!\u201d The moat hilarious aspect of the matter, from Kip's point of view, was that the first states to \u201ccome across\u201d were precisely those which meant most to the inmates of the Tarleton panic, and threw thelr partners over-\u2014~House.Barely two weeks after the board.The newspapers suddenly blossomed with full page advertisements of brewers explaining that they had come to see the evil of their ways, and regretted the \u201cfalse mental asso- cations\u201d which had caused peopie to class thelr product with \u201chard liquor.\u201d They besought the public to take an interest in \u201ctrue temperance,\u201d and pictured the calamities which would follow total prohibition.What would the stock-growers do If deprived of \u201cbrewer's grain?\u201d There was a desperate struggle in the halls of Congress.The brewing interests had the money, but the fanatics had the votes.They forced through Congreas an act forbldding the use of food-stuffs in the making o! wine and beer; and having got \u2018that, they began clamoring for an amendment to the Constitution, forbidding all traffic in intoxicants forever.The liquor interests, seeing ruin before them.had one of their senators, a gentleman from Ohio named Warren G.Harding, prepare a little joker.In order to become valld, a constitutional amendment has to be ratified by three-fourths of the states; and tie joker declared the prohibition amendment should be vold unless these thirty-six states ratified it within six years\u2014some- thing the \u201cwets\u201d counted upon preventing.Later on the time was extended to seven years, and in this form the measure passed the Senate and House at Christmas time of 1917.It was called the \u201cBighteenth Amendment,\u201d and all the wowsers in the United States now concentrated upon the task of persuading or frightening the state legislatures into ratifying it.HIS dawning of prohibition was the thing Kip Tarleton had been praying for through most of his life, and which people had been telling him he would never, never see.would amount to getting his father back again; and what Christmas present could equal that?Kip might be ever 30 cold to the Big Chief, but even s0, he had not forgotten the playmate of- his early days.In the depths of his heart, he agreed with his mother, in holding John Barley- corn to blame for all his father\u2019s weaknesses; bragging and insincerity, laziness and cheating, you could see these vices come to life in the old man, literally minute by minute, as he poured in the liquor.There were other reasons, too, for Kip and his mother to rejoice at that Christmas present.What a different affair would be the keeping of a family hotel under prohibition! No longer would Taylor Tibbs spend his time trotting round to Sandkuhl\u2019s for palls of \u201csuds\u201d and bottles of whisky and brandy, and to the Elite drug store for doses of bromo-selizer and Seldlitz powders and Hunyad} water.No longer would the expressman be delivering cases of beer from Hoboken and of rye from Kentucky.No longer would there be rugs to be sent to the cleaners, and bedspreads to the laundry, after some gentleman had vomited over them.No longer would the Tarleton ladies have to wrestle with the moral problem of what to do about the board-bill of Mrs.Faulkner, who was up in her room weeping, because her husband had taken everything and gone on a spree.Also, Kip figured that he would now be able to have some friends.No longer would he have to be superior to everybody else! No longer would he have to ait like a dummy and spoil all the fun.No longer would he watch Roger and Jerry drifting to the same destiny as Pow, with the accursed business of \u201ctreating.\u201d Kip\u2019s satisfaction at the prospect was so great that he could not comceal it.Jerry, lamenting the progress of the wowsers, would suddenly glance at the youngest and exclaim: \u201cHe's grinning at us, the little moral demon!\u201d He would grab Kip and throw him onto the bed, put a pillow on his brown-thatched head and sit on It, and jounce up and down a few times, while Kip howled with mock anguish, and promised never to grin again.But he wouldn't keep the promise.He would passage of the amendment through Congress, the state of Missiasippi ratified it by vote of its legislature\u2014I31 to 8.Three days later came a verit- abie alap in the face to the Big Chief Powhatan\u2014his own native commonwealth, the mother of cavaliers and statesmen, home of the F.F.V.\u2019s, proceeding to outlaw liquor by the vote of 114 cowards, with only 21 cavaliers and statesmen daring to say nay! And three days later Kentucky, the blue-grass state, famous for racehorses and Bourbon whisky; native land of Braxton Bragg Gwathmey, retired tobacco-planter, who had the third-fioor front in number 39, and was accustomed to have his liquot sent from home, several cases at a time, and stowed under his bed; and three days after that South Carolina, first state to secede and last to be reconstructed; homeland of Beauregard Fortesque, occupant of the second-floor back in number 37, who gave poker-pasties that lasted from Saturday night until Monday morning, and knew how to mix every kind of eoncoction from \u201chorse\u2019s necks\u201d and \u201cMamie Taylors\u201d to \u201cgolden sltp- pers\u201d and \u201cblue blazers!\u201d So it went, state after state, like a row of wooden soldiers, each knocking the next one down.Louisiana, the home of Roger and Jerry, managed to hold out until the following summer, but finally gave way\u2014by the votes of .\u201chill-billies,\u201d lashed to frenzy by religious exhorters and evangelists; also by the votes of planters who hoped to keep liquor away from their Negroes.Such, at any rate, was the, explanation of the phenomenon which Roger got from his Uncle Daubney.There were in America, it appeared, a great many gentlemen who wanted to have liquor themselves, but didn\u2019t want their workers to have it; with the help of such gentlemen, the wowsers and bluenoses might actually come to prevail! THE GOLDEN JAIL NEW YORK CITY had become à funnel through which a hundred thousand soldiers were poured overseas every week They departed silently, with no one at the rlers to cheer them; they travelled in flotillas, with warships before and behind, and a mosquito-fleet of destroyers weaving in and out among them.They travelled in silence, at night without so much as the light of a cigarette.Presently they were landed in France, and those at home would get postcards nd letters marked \u201cAEF.\u201d and nothing more.The French and British were holding the last German assault; holding, hour by hour, waiving for the American army to go into action.In June began the advance, and the newspapers blazed on their front pages the magical names of Cantigny and Chateau Thierry and Belleau Wood; on inside pages, not s0 proudly, the lists of casualties, beginning as paragraphs, and swelling quickly to columns.Among the earliest was the name of Colonel Edward Pinckney Chilcote, of the 948th Infantry, Lou- islana.One line In tbe official listings\u2014 that was all.-In due course his wife would receive à letter of sympathy from his commanding officer, telling that he had died by shell-fire while holding an advanced line against an enemy counter-attack.From the war department would come a sealed package containing his watch, his ring, his cigarette-lighter, several letters from home, and a locket with a picture of his wife and babies.There was a wooden cross marking his grave, and after the war his remains would be dug out of the ground, and sealed in an airtight coffin, and brought back to be Interred with military honors In the family burial-ground.Such was the story of \u201cColonel Ted.\u201d Roger gave few outward signs of grief; but the gaiet; went out of him, and those who knew him say that he was brooding all the time: remembering every harah and jeering word he had spoken to his brother, the jeal- (Continued on page 16) \u2018n WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JANUARY 6, 1982.BACK FROM JAMAICA The Bapiist delegation to Jamaica (Dr.Rushbrooke and Mr.T.8.Penny, JP.) landed at Avonmouth early in December.The return voyage from Kingston was in the main stormy, with a following gale which occasionally attained a velocity of fifty miles an hour.The beauty and fruitfuimess of Jamaica strongly appealed to Dr.Rush- brooke.who was paying his first visit; but he was also painfully impressed by the extreme poverty of about a quarter of the inhabliants.An important function which he carried out was the dedication of a church at Grace Hill in the circuit of the Rev.A.G.Kirkham and his assistant, Mr.Mornan.The large public meeting which assembled on the occasion had as its chairman the custos, Mr.Clarke, who is an Anglican.The delegation had the honor of being received by the Governor, Sir R.E.Stubbs.In Kingston the Y.M.C.A.arranged an \u201cAt Home\u201d for Mr.Penny and I Rushbrooke, with the Colonial Secretary, the Hon.A.S.Jel, who 1s President of the local association, in the chair.Leading representatives of all denominations were present, including Dr.Hardie, the Anglican bishop.Mr.Penny spoke on YMCA.work, and Dr.Rushbrooke dealt at length with \u201cReligious Repression in Rusala,\u201d answering many questions at the close of his address.The delegates will in due course present their report to the Baptist Missionary Society.Meanwhile it % understood that while some serious difficulties have been removed and others relieved certain questions remain open.Some are of a personal nature, but there are also complex legal problems to which the BMS.and the Calabar General Committee will need to devote close attention during the coming weeks \u2014British \u2018Weekly.HOW A GREAT FIRE WAS KINDLED Offering copies of \u201cThe War Cry\u201d for sale in the Paris cafes, a Salva- tlonist met a purchaser who, turning over the pages and pointing to the pictures, remarked: \u201cNot very good art work this, is it?\u201d \u201cPerhaps not,\u201d replied the smiling Dalrationist, \u201cbut could you do det- \u201cI think I could,\u201d replied the stranger.\u2018 we will be glad to use your talent, sir,\u201d was the t reply, \u201cso come and do it bef you offer any more criticlams.\u201d Spoken half-laughingly, and with Adventuring for the Kingdom no knowledge of the critic's identity, yet the Salvationisi's words went home, A little later a gentleman presented f at our Paris Headquarters and offered his services as an artist.\u201cMy name is Labarthe,\u201d he added.Commissioner Peyron almost jumped for joy; few Prenchmen are not familiar with the name of the great craftsman.So late one night, when the thermometer registered many degrees of frost, the Commissioner and the artist started out to see how some of the Inhabitants of the brillant French capital spent their nights.No more criticizing of The Army for M.Laberthe! In \u201cLe Matin,\u201d a great national journal, there appeared a heart-rending story of suffering, and with the article were M.La- barthe\u2019s remarkable pictures.Many of the citisens had never dreamed that such things could be.As a result Commissioner Peyron's scheme for a huge Hostel for homeless women became one of the chief + topics of conversation in all circles.A large meeting was held in the historic hall, the Sorbonne, and aroused further interest.The famous artist also enlisted the help of an equally famous writer, Pierre Hamp, and together they wrote and illustrated a booklet, \u201cPour La Femme Sans Foyer,\u201d which, bearing our Flag in colors as its entire cover, has given The Army the biggest advertisement it has yet had In France.\u2014War Cry.A GREAT DAY TO BE A CHRISTIAN \u201cWe must believe,\u201d said Dr.W.P.Merrill recently, \u201cthat Jesus knew what He was talking about and meant what He sald; and we must care supremely about His way, and very little about anything else.\u201d \u201cI would gladly see all creeds and rituals put on the shelf, not flippantly, but reverently: and the whole Church of Jesus Christ give itself over to just one thing\u2014the finding and following of the way of life which Jesus teaches.This, indeed, is a.great day in which to be a Christian.The world is losing faith in its other gods.The spirit of science is more humble: big business is less sure of itself; the world is lonely and afraid.\u201d \u2014Christian World.A Man Who Was Greatly Puzzled By William Southern.much in the position of Nicodemus, He wants to believe the right things, he wants to do the right things, but he does not understand.Not all of us are willing to do as did Nicodemus, go straight to the paper place and ask questions.Nicodemus was an unusual character.He was a man of position, being à member of the ruine class of the Jews and holding a seat in the Sanhedrin He was wealthy and well satisfied with himself and liked his job.When Jesus came to Jerusalem and drove the traders and money- changers out of the temple, the story interested Nicodemus.He knew perfectly well that the money changers and the traders were in the temple on terms of graft and had possibly protested just as we who are in politics these days protest against graft and crookedness of our own party when it gets into power.He may have called attention to this very thing, I do not know, but it may well be deduced that Nicodemus was alive to what was going on and was unhappy about it.He knew the hypocrisy and the crookedneas which permeated the whole Jewish management in high places and did not like it.Here was a man, a stranger, who came and kicked up a mighty muss.mm Œur Corner for the Shut-Ins HYMN Eternal source of every Joy, Well may Thy praise our lips employ, While in Thy temple we appear, Whose goodness crowns the circling year, PRAYER O Lord God, our Father in heaven, at the close of another year we desire in the name of our Redeemer to render unto Thee our most humble and heartfelt thanks for all the protecting care and goodness with which Thou hast surrounded us during the past.Surely aocording to Thy gracious promise, goodness and mercy follow us throughout our days.Help us to ren- to Thee the loving service which u art pleased to accept of us for he sake of our Saviour Jesus Christie SCRIPTURE es.MEDITATION I Gor.7:31; \u201cFor the fashion of this world passeth away.\u201d Just à few days After Christmas we saw some broken i By Rev.A.W.Hone and forlorn toys lying disconsolately in a garbage can, symbols of the tran- sent nature of all things.They had their brief little day, and were discarded for new interests and occupations.More and more as the years go by We realise that the fashion of this world passeth away.But there are abiding and unchanging realities, and while chance and change are buay ever, God is wisdom, God is love.Jesus Christ is the same, yesterday, today, and forever.\u201cHeaven and earth may pass away, but His word will not pass away.\u201d Let us build the foundations of our lives upon these eternal verities.Standing at the portal Ot the opening year, Words of comfort meet us, Hushing every fear; Spoken through the silence By our Father's voice, Tender, strong, and faithful, Making us rejoice.Onward then, and fear not, Children of the day, For His word shall never, Never pass away.(ONE night Nicodemus took his cane and his lantern and sought Jesus at the home where he was staying.It may have been in Jerusalem or in a suburb near the Mount of Olives.The interview on the housetop was rather disturbing.It amounted to Jesus telling Nicodemus that he must resign his position of honor and turn about \u2018in his way of living.no longer condone the evil things he saw about him and live right with God.That was a pretty large prescription.It fs in my mind that ver; few men of power and wealth, with high position in the administration would throw away the attainments of a life time.It has been done.In this day it is done when men give up ambitions and positon in order to follow a course they believe to be right.Nicodemus went away from that interview disturbed.He understood what Jesus meant.Yet he loved his place and his power.That the interview was not forgotten is evident from the next mention of Nicodemus in the text.The Sanhedrin was wild about Jesus, the members plotted to get rid of him and were willing to do almost anything to attain that end.Nicodemus protested and said \u201cSurely your law does not condemn the accused before hearing what he has to say and ascertaining his offence™ He did not tell his associates that he had Interviewed Jesus and we are not told if he carried his protest any further.Nicodemus is mentioned a third time in the New Testame.t and that is all the record we have about this man who rather stands out from his associates in the Sanhedrin.When Joseph of Arimathea received permission to take the body of the crucified Jesus ani give it a decent burial he was joined by Nicodemus who brought a hundred pounds of myrrh and aloes and they reverently wrapped the body of Jesus in spices and in bandages according to the Jewish custom of burial.This is about all we know about Nicodemus.There is an apocryphal book \u201cThe Gospel of Nicodemus\u201d which elaborates what John tells of the man.A Nicodemus is mentioned in the Talmud known as Nicodemus Ben Gorion, a man of large wealth and power who lost all his property when Jerusalem was destroyed, but this could hardly have been the same Nicodemus.We would lke to think that Nicodemus became a Christian.JT was hard for Nicodemus to understand what Jesus told him.His entire life had been spent in the consideration of material things.His success, his education and his position as a ruler he couid understand very well.He could put his finger on his bank accounts and knew all the devi ous paths whereby he had attained fortune.Jesus counted these things not at all and turned the talk toward æptritæal, intangible things.Of course Nicodemus did not understand him.We find it very hard today to understand and there are many who refuse to acknowledge that the spiritual is a far greater influence in our lives than the material.The most unhappy men I have ever met are those who have attained wealth and power.They have everything which we call worthwhile and it does not satisfy.The happlest men and women I have ever met have very little of what we call this world\u2019s goods.It is not necessary.They have found happiness in the spiritual.If you should ask one of these there probably would be no clear answer.It is something known but not tangible.It is something you may experience but not explain in our poor words.As I am writing this the depression is bearing down upon the whole world and seems to have reached a turning point.I hope that when you read we will be well on the up-grade.Men and women are saying today that all we need Is confidence.They do not say that we need more money, or more buyers for wheat or more of this and that which enters into the counting room; we need confidence.We all understand what they mean, but few of us have appreciated the fact that confidence is an intangible thing and is a spiritual attribute.By saying that we need confidence and that when confidence returns we will be all right and the depression will disappear we are saying just about what Jesus said to Nicodemus.Nicodemus asked how could a man be born again.I knew a man who had been born again.When I first knew him he was one of the most wicked men I ever saw.He broke the commandments.He drank and gambled and lived his life for his own gratification.Then he came within the influence of a preacher.At fire he made fun of the gospel but there was something which returned him again to that tabernacle.He was born again and is today living a clean, fine earnest Christian life.If you ask this man, what it means to be born again he cannot tell you in words but he loes tell you in his every day life.The standard which Jesus offered Nicodemus has never been lowered to this day.The stock market does not - touch it, it stands as proud and as high in the poorest home as in the place of the wealthy.It is a spiritual standard which Christians know.OMETHING NEW! Systematic Daily Reading Cards REED ROD SYSTEM | Genesls to Revelation How to read your Bible year utes » dey.A PRACTICAL GIPT to Your Priends.COMPLETE SET - PRICE $1.00 FREE Discount to .Doslers.Agents Wanted.saNPIE HERMAN PF.STEINBORN, Distributor Address P.O.BOX W-777, CHICAGO, ILL TELL YOUR FRIENDS ABOUT THE WITNESS and Canadian Homestead Founded by the Inte John Dougall in 1846 and ever since owned and edited by Dougalls Join Redpath Dougall, M.A, LLD., Editeas \u201cMake Conads a Land te Love\u201d Unsubsidized, uncommaercialized, and disinterested the WITNESS is pecullarip Jive to serve and te an independent force mobilixing, leading, focussing «il who are of good intent in the aexpreaston of and in adventuring toward the Christian ideals through all the relations of mankind Wish ampler light and fuller knowledge of truth\u2014\"Let each dey lead to a fairer toe morrow.\u201d \u201cCanadian Howestead® Attractions des its attitude\u2019 and purpose the toses (and Canadien Homestead bids largely for ti interest every mem ber of the family-\u2014in its many departe ments of service and entertainment.Thee gaining interest, it helps to make work effective and life werth while Regular subecription $3.00 à year, Joum Doucair & Sos, Publishen, Withess Bullding, Montreal EIGHT There\u2019s Something In It By Silvia Thorn-Drury.E are living in an age of intense individualism, when personality counts for more than prettiness, and brains, without the ability to \u201cput them across,\u201d are of little use.The watchword of every girl of today who wishes to succeed, In no matter what branch of life, should be \u201cspecialize.\u201d Its not a bit of good being Mary Brown, with a medium good brain, medium brown hair, and medium grey eyes, indistinguishable from Jane Smith, who possesses the same mediocre qualities The thing to do 1s to try and differentiate yourself from all other grey-eyed, stock-sized, fifteen dollar a week girls.Copy the film stars and take a tag! DISCOVER your best point and capitalize it.Be \u201cBig Ben's Little Sister\u201d or the \u201cAlways Punctual Girl,\u201d if punctuality is a gift of yours.\u201cThe Miles of Smiles Girl,\u201d if you have pretty teeth.If your feet and ankles are your strong suit, go all out on shoes and stockings (even if it means one less Our Pattern Service 7414.Girls\u2019 Dress.Designed in Sizes: 8, 10,-12 and 14 years.Size 12 requires 2% yards of 35 inch material.For contrasting material 1; yard is required.Price 20c.7396.Ladies\u2019 Dress.Designed in Sizes 34, 36, 38, 40, and 42 inches bust measure.Size 38 requires 3% yards of 35 inch materia\u2019 together with 7% yard of contrasting material for insert, puffs and belt.If made with puff and long aleeves 43 yards.With long sleeves and without puffs 4% yards.Price 20c.Patrons should allow about three weeks between time cf ordering and receiving patterns * Send 25¢ In silver or stamps for our UP-TO-DATE BOOK OF FASHIONS, WINTER 1931-1832, JOHN DOUOALI & BOX PUBLISHERS, MONTREAL.PATTERN COUPON a evcouree MO.10000 \u2026 give } Measors tp inches J.Misses and Chudren age omly in years rancocsceceusse hat à year), and keep up your reputation as \u201cMiss Fairy Feet.\u201d If you're a good cook, be content with that and forget about your indifferent skating while you boost yourself as \u201cThe Second Mrs.Beeton.\u201d For if you aren't much good at à \u201cdrop-three,\u201d you can beat all-comers at drop-scones! PERHAPS you can't hope to be remarkable for the length of your eyelashes, but you can be admired by everyone for your crisp, white collar and cuffs, and \u201cThe Clean Collar Child\u201d 1s quite a good reputation to strive for! .Your nose may be ordinary, but you can acquire a name for extraordinary tact.\u201cThe Woman Who Always Says The Right Thing\u201d will always be gratefully remembered! \u201cThe Life and Soul of the Party\u201d is such a jolly girl that everyone forgets her rather lumpy figure! HOWEVER ordinary you may think you are, there is certain to be something, whether it's a winning smile, a light hand with pastry, or a couple of dimples, that, if you concentrate on it, will differentiate you from all other girls in your own little circle.Find out your own particular gift, or talent, even if it\u2019s only being \u201cAs Neat as a New Pin,\u201d or \u201cHandy with Your Needle,\u201d and concentrate on it fo: all you're worth.It's far better\u201d to do one thing really well than a dozen indifferentiy.Follow the stars, in fact, and \u201cTake à tag!\u201d It pays \u2014Women's Woekly.BECLOUDED The aky is low, the slouds are mean, A travelling flake of snow Across à barn or through a rut Debates 1f it will xo.A narrow wind complains all day How someone treated him, Nature, lise us, is someiimes caught Without her diadem.\u2014Emily Dickinson.THE WOMAN WHO ACCOMPLISHES A LOT Someone has said and sald well, \u201cKnow today wnat you are going to do tomorrow, and DO IT.\u201d Every housewife ought to write that motto in letters half à foot high, and put it somewhere where she will be reminded dally of this line of action, for we are all 80 apt to drift.One of the famous Forbers\u2019 Epigrams remarks, \u2018\u2019There\u2019s a difference between living and being alive.Which, candidly, are you?\u201d The people who drift and do not plan their work ahead, are alive in a sort of a jelly-fish way.The jelly-fish lives on the beach and is moved about by the tides and currents, but makes: little consciaus effort of its own.Other people are more than alive, for they use their vitality in living In a worth-while way\u2014doing something for others, and in making a circle of joy and friendliness and Inspiration about them.These are the people who accomplish things.And they accomplish them because they plan ahead.If we \u201cKnow today what we are going to do tomorrow, and DO IT,\u201d we can have the satisfaction of living instead of being merely alive\u2014Mrs.E.G.W.in the Michigan Farmer.Temper Tantrums By Ethel G.Peterson.two boys.The older one was lovable, manly and affectionate.His greatest fault was a high temper, which blazed up whenever his will was crossed.If there was no other possible vie- tim, he would take out his ire on his small brother, Don, regardless of the fact that Don might be entirely innocent.He would hit him, kick him, or even knock him down, unless some one interfered.All sorts of arguments and punishments had been tried, but still, if denied permission to go where he wished or to eat a delicacy he liked, or if a playmate wouldn't do as he wanted him to, he became a perfect little fury.Then, the fit passed; he was again a charming youngster.1 DETERMINED to try a new method.So, one afternoon when Jack and I were alone, I talked to him simply about what his temper might lead to when he was grown If he did not learn to control it, and how much sorrow he would bring to those who loved him.He agreed soberly.I warned him that if he ever had another \u201ctantrum\u201d I should put him in a room by himself until he recovered.He would have to stay all alone, for when any one acted that way he was not fit to as- soclate with others.It was a week before Jack offended S'æ years ago I was governess to .again.Then a chum wanted to play tag when he preferred marbles.As usual, Jack's eyes flashed, and he flew at the boy, kicking and pummeling \"him, The lad was smaller than Jack, and might have been hurt had I not separated the two.I took Jack, still screaming, to the house and put him into a spare room, telling him he would suffer worse consequences if he did not stay there.I walked out and shut the door behind me saying, \u201cNow Jack, when you can get along peaceably with the other children, you may come out.\u201d HIE was so angry he literally did not know what he was doing.Por à half-hour he screamed and called, raving everything he could think of against me and his chum.I waited patiently, trying to shut my ears to the racket, and praying the neighbors would do the same! After a while the cries grew plaintive; Jack was very sorry for himself.I knew the worst was over.Presently, all was quiet.Peeping in, I found Jack sound asleep on the couch.When he woke, his anger was gone, - But again and again the fits of temper must be dealt with.After a time Jack learned that I meant business\u2014 that every time he indulged in rages, he must go off by himself.It was hu- millating to leave his pals in the mid- die of a game, or to have Don know he was shut away from others, s0 gradually he learned to control himself.He found, too, that I could not- be \u201cworked\u201d by noise, so screaming ceased to be fun, HERE are two.principal reasons for a child\u2019s tantrums.One is to occupy the centre of the stage.If he learns that the family dread these spells, he'll indulge in them frequently.If he discovers that because the family dread tantrums, he will sooner or later get his own way, the next time he wants something he knows will be disapproved of, he again lies down on the floor and howis.But If tantrums don\u2019t secure what he wants, nor give him any importance in the eyes of aduits, and he knows if he keeps on raging he must do it by himself, without an audience, the \u201cstunt\u201d appeals to him as foolish.Tantrums are often caused partly by too much excitement or nervous strain when the child needs a rest.It is of course essential in curing tan- \u2018trums that adults set an example of self-control.\u2014From a series of articles issued by the National Kindergarten Association, 8 West 40th Street, New ork.The children\u2019s blackboard can be renewed by applying thres costs of à solution of 4 ounces glue dissolved in 1% pints hot water.Add 3 ounces flour of emery and lamp black to color.Stir until smooth and apply with a woollen cloth.Your Son's Voice the clear, pure quailty of - boy's singing voice roughen and he finds it impossible to sing to his own satisfaction either in cholr or at home, there begins a trying period for himself and those about his voice has been an exceptlon- one, he will feel a sense of he will probably try to cover fun of the queer into the fuller, man's voice.He q .During the transitional period a boy is sometimes advised not to sing at all, but to give his voice a complete rest and to avoid \u201crooting\u201d at games or practising college yells.The caution should be, however, not so much to avold malice those Dearie?demands upon his voice as that he uses his voice in the right way.If he produces his tones by means of the muscles in the upper part of the chest, he throws a strain upon the vocal chords that may result not only in a roughened condition of the singing voice but also in a speaking voice that is harsh and unpleasant.How, then, shall he acquire that full, strong, resonant tone which is one of nature\u2019s greatest gifts?The main thing to ensure correct produe- tion of tone is constantly to draw the breath to the base of the lungs first, then when the chest is expanded to produce tones by the use of muscles below without contracting the chez muscles; in other words, all action should be up, never down.The depth of tone depends upon the thickness of the membrane of which the two vocal chords are composed.The thinner the membrane the lighter the voice; the bass volce produces the heaviest tone because it has the thickest membrane.The vocal cords are not, as is often supposed, two perpendicular strings in the throat somewhat resembling those of a violin, but are like two soft lips that lie parallel to each other in the larynx, or Adem'\u2019s apple, and expand or contract to make one tone or another.In a man they are almost half an inch long; in a woman, & little longer.When a boy's voice begins to lose its even quality and sweetness, it is an indication that à wonderful change 18 taking place.If the change is allowed to come about naturally, nature will fully repay the confidence by producing the best results obtainable from the materia) that she has to deal with.Many boys who have enjoyed their vocal studies in school or choir intend to study seriously when their volces have become settled again, but they gradually drift away from musical interests, other things demand their attention, and the desire to sing ends with their boyhood.The result is that we have few good amateur men singers in this country, though the light, clear atmosphere is especially favorable for singling.\u2018That is à decided loss to the home lite, for the value of an interest in home music cannot be overestimated.The bond of music is deep and strong, reaching down into the very foundations of family life, and holding in its sacred harmonies our moat cherished memories.And the sweetest music will always be that \"of the human voice.The gift of song is not as rare as we suppose.What is really lacking is à clear understanding of how to handle the voice in order to préserve and cultivate it.Until we learn that, ignorance will continue to rob us of what is our rightful heritage\u2014sa full, \u201crich, musical voice for both speech and song\u2014The Youth's Companion.Linoleum and oflcloth should be washed with lukewarfn water, then polished with a soft woolen cloth which has been dipped in milk. i the many guests have gone, that is to be stored should be rubbed over with olive oil bet is packed away, otherwise 1 become black with tarnish.Kept this way it needs only to be washed warm soapy water when it is required.A plece of camphor placed in the silver chests helps to keep it from getting tarnished.sEILg Problems of Homemakers Chimney Precautions Dear Madam: \u20141 would like to pass to the homemakers a good idea & man who bulit over our chim- y gave us.There are too many fires \u2014cause unknown.His advice was to à nice quuiet day, remove the them, ten clean the Ë g E = § 2 § Ë 8 2 § knowing that it is as as clean as it can be made.That is a fine idea; I've often peered up a chimney as far as I could and have climbed to the roof to look down, but neither way is satisfactory.Of late years I've been throwing an old battery in the coals when the fire was t or a handful of salt; either will fumes that somehow burn out s00t, leaving only a fine grey ash the pipes.Dried potato skins are to have the same effect.beep Tanning a Help One of our readers writes saying \u201cThank you\u201d for that tanning article which is \u201cJust what she wants; tanning the skins will help,\u201d and several more wrote asking that we give the tions for tanning skins and hides fur on and off.Their letters, coma long way, reached me after the was in the printers\u2019 hands and will need no other reply.In case one missed it let me know and I try to get it for you.Susan Asks and Answers $1 ff y \\ It has been a busy time for all of us.Those who had most were rushed to the last minute trylng to reach those in need not only of food and necessities but-those both little and Dig who needed to feel there was still joy and merriment in God's world.\u2018Those who had little or nothing were busy trying to make something of nothing for the little ones and turn less than bare necessities into a holiday feast.We have all done our best and now it is over and New Year's day is past, and we draw a long breath and start forward and as an old Irish friend said to me, \u201cGod go with us all.\u201d We've big things and little things to do now and while you are all planning your sewing please stop and think\u2014\u201cDid I aend those patterns back?\u201d Some of you who have just received quilt patterns need time to take them off and don\u2019t need to think, but some have had patterns a long time, Perhaps you took them to your Ladies\u2019 Ald or Lodge or loaned them to a friend and had forgotten.Then please try and think of any friend to whom you showed the paper who wrote and asked for patterns and jog her memory.There's our one copy of the pages of a magazine containing the directions for the chair back that has \u201cBide-a-wee\u201d on it.There are a number who want it, and though I've written to the address given my letters are returned \u201cnot called for.\u201d \u201c Vera's Block\u201d or \u201cCross and Crown\u201d Dear Susan 8.:\u2014I am enclosing a drawing of a ult block which for want of a better name I call \u201cCross and Crown.\u201d A few years ago I made & bedspread with a border of factory cotton and rose broadcloth in \u201cGoose Track\u201d pattern.For the corners I made a \u201cWindmill\u201d block with border, 80 when the \u201cGoose Track\u201d was put onto the corner block this pretty pat- - WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JANUARY 6, 1932.Quality has no substitute Tea fest fom the gardens\u201d \u201cVera's Block\u201d or \u201cCross and Crown\u201d tern was originated.As I have not seen a design like it in the Witness I thought you might like it.I am saving all the patterns and pasting them in a book.I have a Double Irish Chain and a \u201cYankee Puzzle IT\u201d done in mauve and maize colors which are very pretty.Greetings to you and all the readers.\u2014Vera Hamilton.Many thanks.It ls a pretty block and would make a handsome quilt.I've called at \u201cVera\u2019s Block\u201d for we have others called \u201cCross and Crown\" and I like to be able to identify the new blocks with thelr designers and the old blocks with the good grandmothers who made them.The mauve and maize quilts sound most attractive.\u201cTroubles and Trials\u201d Dear Susan S.:\u2014Did you ever see à quilt called \u201cTroubles and Trials\u201d?it is very pretty and the blocks are not square but fit together and are made of strips and triangles.I would like very much to get this pattern if you could publish it.\u2014Another Quilt Lover.This is the only one I can find by that name.It does not seem to deserve such a name but might be used to take one\u2019s mind off the \u201cTrials and Troubles.\u201d It is our old friend the honey-comb and might be set together as an all-over matching stripes to triangles, or might have alternate white blocks the same size.A Busy Grandmother in a Fortunate District Dear Susan S.:\u2014The patterns arrived yesterday and I am returning them.The \u201cRising Sun\u201d is so much like my \u201cStar of the East,\u201d that I understand piecing it.I had heard of that pattern being pleced in plain goods of different shades, but did not know the name of same.My pattern has 8 points, 9 rows small diamonds set at widest place, while yours has 12.1 find 9 rows rather small so have used 10.Intend trying your pattern in figured goods using plain broadcloth every other row and with colors all blending.Most of goods bought by pound are figured.Many thanks for those addresses.I intend sending to Winnipeg as it is nearest.Tried getting from G.W.Garment in Edmonton, but they had arranged to let Red Cross have pieces for the same purpose I wanted them.I have pleced two cushions of the \u201cKaleidoscope\u201d or \u201cStars and Diamonds\u201d making 4 stars 8 1-2 in.aquare when done.It is quite suitable.The \u201cStar of Mexico\u201d will be all right for a cushion too.While visiting friends in the East 3 years ago we spent 4 few days with friends who are caretakers for their nephew's clothing store and large factory in connection with the same.I got pieces then of linings and made a lovely crazy quilt.It looks like silk and will wear well.I worked it all in single feather stitch In oid gold sllkine and lined it with brown \u201cTroubles and Trials\u201d farmer\u2019s satin.Last spring my friend sent me enough for another quilt besides light-colored vest linings and I am thinking of \u2018mixing them with plain broadcloth in shades to match.The grandson who was with us is well again and has been at home two weeks.I've been busy knitting, ete, for the children, but hope to get at my patchwork soon.We are having lovely weather.Have had wonderful crops of grain, gardens, etc., this year \u201480 different from our neighbors in southern parts of three provinces.A car of vegetables was shipped from Irma to the drought-stricken district.With best wishes for Success to the Witness.\u2014Mrs.W.H.King (grandmother of 12.) Thank you for the good wishes and prompt return of patterns.You are rich indeed with all those grandchildren to knit for and it is good to hear of wonderful crops generously shared.Warp and Woof Dear Susan S.:\u2014I have a very interesting little booklet with directions for weaving on \u201cThree Simple Looms.\u201d The directions suggest sultable materials for the warp threads, but not for the woof, in weaving rugs, belts and purses.I am very eager to start a purse and I will be very grateful if you can give me some ideas of materials to be used for the woof threads - in purses.Also rugs and belts\u2014 \u201cEager.\u201d Who can glve suggestions?I have seen one bag woven in yarn to match that used in sweater and scarf.A beautiful piece of weaving I have suitable for chair back, cushion cover or table scarf is made of sand colored D.M.C., the whole six strands used as one thread for both warp and woof and the pattern, which is the same on both sides, carried out In flame- colored rope silk.Boys\u2019 Pullover and Shrinking Wool Dear Susan 8.\u2014I'll just drop a line as I am sending in my renewal.Real sorry I can only send in two new names this year.I often wonder if you really know how we appreciate you all.Seems like a real visit to me from each one.I'm a shut-in from Fall until Spring, and oh! the time seems 80 long.I can do a limited amount of knitting as well as reading and many thanks for all helpful hints.Last wintér you told us how to treat new yarn before knitting.I keep each copy, bul was away for months for my health and so many copies were burnt; I'd like if you could tell me how it was done, also how to .take curl out of old yarn I ravelled out, before knitting it again.And I've never found directions for this style sweater for boy of 10.Any time you have room.\u2014(Mrs.) L.Davidson.PB \u2014Nearly forgot to tell you how we enjoy quilt patterns.Bo sorry they burnt so many\u2014L.D.I'm sure we, every one of us, are pleased to think we help a bit in the dark days, and are glad to hear from you.The wool was, I think, simply steamed before winding The ravelled yarn I wind round a shingle or one of those wire stands you turn cake out onto or a clean wire gridiron, then dip it in water and hang it in the air or above the heater to dry.The plain pullover (with opening at the neck buttoning), directions for which I give below, is the nearest I have to your picture, but needs to have a hem instead of ribbing at the bottom and also pockets added.The stitch looks like a sort of modified brioche.Starting the back cast on an even number of stitches, then knit across plain 2nd row knit 1 purl 1 to end, 3rd row knit plain, 4th knft 1 purl 1 to end of row, and continue to desired length.For hem, when you have knit three inches and are ready to start a knit plain row pick up on the left needle the last stitch cast on and knit it together with the first stitch on that needle; pick up next stitch cast on and again knit it with stitch on left needle and proceed until all the cast on stitches have been picked up and knit in.Then turn, knit 1 purl 1 to end of row and proceed with pattern as before.This makes a fine elastic edge and is the style of the loom knit sweater.On fronts you will need to turn back and pick up stitches on wrong side knitting them together with those on needle and knitting off at the same time; unless you begin at the bottom of the fronts make your hem and knit up to middle of shoulders grafting the shoulders with the back.Boys\u2019 Pullover\u2014Size 10 to 12 Years \u2014Monarch Down.5 Balls PoloeTan, 1 Ball Orange, 1 Ball Buff, 1 Pair No.8 Needles.Back\u2014Cast on 74 sts.Knit 1.po.1 1, ribbed knitting as follows: \u2014 Orange 2 rows, Buff 2 rows.Repeat until there are 6 Buff stripes and 7 Orange finishing with Orange.Then with Polo Tan, knit in Stocking stitch (knit 1 row, puri 1 row) untll work measures 16 inches from beginning of work.Cast off 4 sts.beg g of next 2 rows.Then knit 2 sts.together both ends of needle every other row 3 times.Continue until 6 inches from cast off sts.Then cast off 18 sts.on dentre of needle for neck.On one side, knit 6 rows for shoulder.Then cast on 16 sts, at neck end.Continue to underarm, keeping 8 sts.at neck end knit plain on purl rows and in-~ crease at underarm same as decreased at back.Repeat same for other side.Knit to centre front.Then overlap 6 sts.of left side on top of 6 sts.on right side and knit together.Continue to knit down front same length as back.Sleeves\u2014With right side of work towards you, pick up stitches around armhole.Knit 5 inches.Then knit 2 sts.together both ends of needle every 4th row 8 times.Continue to knit until sleeve measures 13 inches from\u2019 beginning.Put sts.on No.10 needle and knit 2, purl 2, ribbed knit- Une same as foot of pullover.Cast off.Collar\u2014With wrong side of work towards you, Polo Tan wool, pick up and knit sts.around neck.Knit for 1 inch.Then knit in ridges for 3 inches with Orange and Buff as foot of pullover.Cast off loosely.Bew up sides and sleeves.Sew buttons down front.rer STOP \u2014 LOOK \u2014 LISTEN Saves Time \u2014 Money.and Cleaning Fluid.Send 1e ad nd -addremetd mvelope for we Tepe ae pois pans and guaran: ADVERTY! 2% Beachdale Ave, - - Terente, WITNESS AND CANADIAN Hot Muffins on Cold Mornings By Madam.OT muffins on cold mornings and hot muffins\u2014for supper, mother! Infact there isn\u2019t any meal they don't fit into when the days are chilly or frosty.With the fires we all keep up in the winter they only take a few minutes ta make and bake.In fact the more hurried the making the better they are.You can put the dry ingredients together the night before or any time it is convenient, and one good cook I know puts her wet ingredients in a widemouthed plicher beside the bowl, In any case mix the dry ingredients to- \u201cgether and the wet, then combine them with a few good turns with a big spoon.I like a wooden spoon.Too much beating will spoll the texture and make great holes in the muffin.Too thin a batter will make a flat spreading muffin, while too thick a batter will make coarse dry muffins.Here is a good standard muffin recipe which you can mix easily and quickly and vary in many waye.Plain Mafans\u20142 cupfuls of flour, 2 tablespoonfuls of sugar, 2 teaspoon- fais of baking powder, 1 cupful of milk, 2 eggs, 2 tablespoonfuls of melted butter, salt.By using this recipe a number of variations can be Oatmeal Maffins\u2014Substitute 1 cupful of oatmeal soaked in milk overnight for 34 cupful of the flour.Rice Muffins\u2014Substitute 1 cupful of left-over boiled rice for 3-4 cupful of the flour.Rye Muffins\u2014Use rye flour in place oi ire while vien TOUR In né ve Jam Muffins\u2014Insert 1 teaspoonful , of jam into the batter after it has been placed in the tins.Bran Maufins-\u2014 Substitute 1 cupful of cooking bran for 3-4 cupful of the Bacon Muffins\u2014Add 6 slices of partially broiled and finely chopped bacon tp the batter, Berry Muffins Add 1 cupful of fruit to the batter.\u2018Then there are muffins made with cornmeal and sour milk.Here is a good recipe far them: Cernmeal Muffins \u2014 4 cupfuis of cornmeal, 11-2 ul of soda, 3 tablespoonfuls of butter, 3 cupfuls of butigrmilk or sour milk, 2 eggs, salt.Muffins like our grandmother used to make are hard to beat for flavor, Spice Muffins\u20141-3 cupful of butter, egg, 1-2 cupful of molasses, 1-2 cup# milk, 1-3 teaspoonful of soda, cupful of brown sugar, 1 teaspoon- ginger, 2 cupfuls of flour, 1-2 teaspoonful of each of the other apices.Apple Muffins \u2014 4 apples, finely chopped, 1 egg, 1-4 cupful of molasses, 11-3 cupluls of cornmeal, 11-2 cupfil of flour, 1-2 teaspoonful of soda, enough water to make thin batter.Heminy Muffins\u20141-4 cupfyl of hom- tay, 1-2 cupful of hot water, 1 cupful of ocxnmeal, 3 tablespoonfuis of sugar, Moinsses Tes Box Céokies Dear Madam,\u2014Could you please \u2018give on your page a recipe far molasses cookies to roll in a roll and slice They are called ice-box cookies, but I could keep them cold enough an ice box for it gets nearly sero in my pantry sometimes.\u2014\u2014Constant Reader.like that too and it 1 soda and add to first mixture.If flour is not sufficient to allow of handling add a little more.Bhape in a long narrow roll and lay in pan in coul place until you want cookies.Then cut in thin slices and bake about ten minutes in moderate oven.You may keep the roll for several days or cook at once as you choose.Half a cup of crushed nuts makes these plain cookies into rich ones.Makes 50 to T5 according to size.Fruit Cookies\u2014Mix together 1-2 pound brown sugar, 1-2 cupful molasses, 11-2 teaspoonful soda, dissolved in 1-3 cupful sour cream; 1-3 tablespoonful cloves, 1 cupful currants, 1 cupful chopped walnuts, 1-2 cupful butter, 1 tablespoonful cinnamon, 1-2 tablespoonful allspice, 1 cupful nectar raisins and sufficient flour to make a stiff dough.Roll out and bake for about 15 minutes at a temperature of 325 degrees F.Spice-Cakes\u2014Mix together 1-2 cupful butter, 1 teaspoonful soda, dissolved in 1 cupful sour milk; 3 cupfuls flour, 1 cupful chopped puffed raisins, 1 cupful currants, 2 teaspoonfuls cinnamon, 2 cupfuls brown sugar, 1 cupful chopped citron, 1 teaspoonful cloves, 2 teaspoonfuls mace, and 2 tablespoonfuls vanilla.Bake in muf- fin-rings at a temperature of 325 degrees F.for about 15 minutes.Pepper Nuts\u2014Stir together one and a quarter pounds of brown sugar, one tablespoonful of cloves and two tablespoonfuls of cinnamon.Stir into this three eggs and a teaspoonful of baking powder and add as much flour as will make a very stiff dough.™ Roll out moderately thin and cut Into cakes about as big as a quarter.These paff up round.Ice the flat side with hard icing.Some add à few chopped nits.Cream Cookies\u2014Beat one large egg thoroughly, mix with one cup sugar, add one-half cup thick sour cream and one-fourth cup sour milk; beat until creamy.Sift together two cups flour, three-eighths teaspoon soda, and one and one-half teaspoon bak- ing-powder.Add to the egg mixture, stir well, and drop by teaspoonfuls on well-greased pans, one \u2018!nch apart.Bake in moderately hot oven.Cover partly or wholly with white icing, and decorate in any desired way with small round red Christmas candies.Cocoanut Wreaths One-third cup butter, one cup granulated sugar, one egg, one and three-fourths cups flour, one-half cup shreddell cocoanut, two teaspoons baking powder, one-eighth teaspoon salt, one egg white, one tablespoon sugar.Cream the shortening, add the sugar gradually and the eggs well beaten.Then add the well-sifted dry ingredients (flour, baking powder and salt), chill the mixture and roll one-eighth inch thick on a lightly floured board.Shape with a doughnut cutter, brush over each cake with white of an egg and sprinkle with sugar and cocoanut.Place on an olled and floured baking sheet and hake eight minutes in a moderate oven.Peanut Cookies \u20141 cup peanuts, 1 cup brown sugar, 1-2 cup sour milk, 1-2 teaspoon salt, 1-2 cup shortening, 1 egg, 2 cups flour, 1-2 teaspoon soda, 1 teaspoon vanilla.Drop from a spoon on a well butiered sheet and bake in a moderate oven.tes and would like to make it.\u2014An- other Appreciative Reader.M is good, and the way to get HOMESTEAD, JANUARY 6, 1952.salt.Pour into this the cooled orange mixture.Mix well and into greased tins.Bake about 1 hour in moderate oven.Mousse Fails Dear Madam,\u2014Could you tell me | what was the trouble with a coffee mousse I made?I whipped a pint cream, then added sugar and a cup of strong coffee, and packed it in R jos and zalt.It frose hard but was full of little slivers or acales of ice and not smooth as it should be, at all.\u2014B.M.W.The trouble was too much liquid.coffee frome into plain ice.Next time make the coffee very strong, then boil it with the sugar to a thick smooth syrup.Use enough coffee to make it black and highly flavored, and and you will have no trouble getting it smooth, Never put any thin liquid Into a mousse; always make it into a stiff syrup.LIVE TODAY Why fear tomorrow, timid Heart?Why tread the future way?We only need to do our part Today, dear child, today.The past is written! Close the book On pages sad or gay; Within the future do not look, But live today\u2014today.\"Tis this one hour that God has given; His \u201cNow\u201d we must obey; And it will make our earth his heaven To live today\u2014today.\u2014Lydia Avery C.Ward.WHAT'S LEFT OVER Left-overs cause the greatest leak in the family food budget\u2014usc all left-over materials carefully.Left-over bread cau be utilized for: bread pudding, brown betty.stuffing, but\u2018ered crumbs; scalloped dishes, bread Micks or croutons, cocos- nut sticks, souffles.Left-over baked potatoes may be used for: salads, creamed, eacalloped with cheese or left-over meat, and Left-over meat and eggs may be used for: meat pie with potato crust, stuffing for vegetables, stuffed bis- cults, omelets, salads, creamed on toast, escalloped dishes, hash and patties.Leftover vegetables adapt themselves well to the following: salads, vegetable pies, soups, souffies, omelets, croquettes, creamed, custards, vegetable loat and escalloped on toast.Left-over fruits are well used for: fruit cup, fruit whip or custard, tap!- oca or rice pudding, sauces for dry cake, and the juice for fruit salad dressing.Left-over cereals are well utilised in: omelets, croquettes, souffies, muffins, timbles, dressing, meat loaf, stuffed vegetables and pudding.A teaspoonful of lemon juice added to butter carrots materially improves™ their flavor.: Left-over mashed potatoes may be used for soup, potato puff, souffle, croquettes, cakes, loaf, shepherd's pie, and hash, > HOT WATER BOTTLE TIPS Never use hot water for washing rubber hot-water bottles, as this Is very harmful to them.The temperature of the water should not be any hotter than you can bear the fips of your fingers in without discomfort.A few drops of ammonia added to the water will keep the rubber soft and also prevent it cracking.When a stone hot-water bottle becomes cracked fill with sand and heat that the water is not too hot.Allow some of the steam to escape before acrewing on the stopper.A rubber hot-water botile should never be put away with the sides resting against each other.Blow a little alr into the bottle and serew the stopper ENAMELLING CHAIRS AND TABLES Directions that will give really good results call for: Pirst coat\u2014flat undercoater.Second coat \u2014 equal parts under- coater and enamel.Third cont\u2014enamel.For the amateur painter it is better to have the undercoater of similar color to the enamel, as imperfections of application wili tend to show leas.If ivory enamel is used, use an ivory underdoater; il gray enamel, a gray undercoater, and 50 on.Where colors are desired, flat wall paint is usually the best material available for use as an undercoater.Enamel should be flowed on with a full, even coat, while paint sheuld be brushed well into the surface.Om large panels enamel should be applied with the grain; then brushed across the grain without refilling the brush, which helps to spread the enamel into a uniformly even coat and cover any skipped spots; then brushed with the grain again, using long strokes clear from one edge to the other.On upright surfaces watcli out for sags or drips at the edges and corners.They should be at once picked up with the corner of the brush.Never brush into the enamel after !t has to set.If necessary to and water, rinse with clear water, and Then sandpaper\u2014with i R & fig ; RESR i | 8 ; E i ï Ë i ¥ § 5 § hours, sandpa; per and dust.We are now ready for the finishing change in the accessories from time to time, the background should be chosen with this idea in mind.No background seems quite so adaptable to the transtent decorations of à room as green.Walls covered with a soft light green wall paper trimmned with a woodwork of ivory and supported by a medium brown floor will be as accommodat- i neves be neglected more practical furnishings. 30YS\u2019 WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JANUARY §, 1533.SERVICE PAGE Tigers of the Sea By Hamilton M.Wright.(SV, will be fighting their old battle with the perils of the Tornadoes raising angry seas that completely submerge lalands of refuge and obliterate friendly coves; swift, worth of Spanish mackerel, kKingfish, red snapper, grouper, yellow tall, sea- bass and other species to Cuba, the West Indies, Central America and the United States.The season gets off to a start with the winter run of the Spanish mack- ere! and the kingfish.As cold weather approaches, the kingfish leave their sumamer haunts along the Jersey coast or farther north and emigrate to the south.The time of their arrival in the Caribbean and their formation .into great schools veries with the years.Sometimes lt is in late November; more often it is in December; now and then they do not begin to appear in fui] runs until January.With the appearance of these great schools the commercial fishing fleet gathers\u2014members of the New Jersey and Maine fieets frequently swelling the ranks of the winter colony of fishermen.Boats by the thousand! I have seen the lights of the Spanish mackerel fleet dotting the