Witness, 10 mars 1937, mercredi 10 mars 1937

[" WITNESS Working with those who are united in good will Vol.XCIL No.10, Established 1048 \u2014though differing in opinion and method\u2014 toward a better world MO MARCH 10, Drake (an aola a land \u20ac bu.Varsity\u2019s Chief Speaks Out | ~The apathy of intelligent R people towards the public af- M fairs of the country is just as | ll fatal as the anarchy of those who are opposed to all government.Indifference is one of À the most baneful foes of any sound *\u2014Rev.Cawon Coor, MA, DD.LLD., Prest- sary Univeasrry or TORONTO.Those who believe the Witness is\u201c working with singleness of purpose for a better world will want to make it more effective by sharing in the seven- year plan to sow the seed of a Christian social democracy in the homes of their friends.Announcing our SEVEN-YEAR PLAN HEN Bir Charles Saunders got the vision of an improved quality of wheat for Canada he started with a few grains selected as best to suit the conditions of the country.By persistently experimenting and selecting the best from each successive crop he went from good to better.And others co-operated by sowing his strain of wheat.Thus Ninety-two years ago John Dougall started sowing the seed of good Canadian citisenship.And in spite of the sowing of tares by many others, in spite of dust storms, rust, hoppers and other pests, In spite of frosts and droughts and hail, the good seed sown throughout the last half (and beyond that) of last century, and thus far in thé present century, tintegh aix off - seven generations of readers, has by a very general consent of thinking people, done much to raise and establish the character of Canada\u2019s family life and citizenship.How offen have we had letters or visits from people boasting that they were brought up on the WITNESS.From Witness homes throughout Canada have come preachers, and teachers, missionaries and social workers, statesmen, jurists and men of affairs, and social leaders in rural and urban life.Who can estimate such an influence, and, in turn, the influence of Witness readers upon their personal environments?Fer Better Democracy SURELY to the Witness and its read- er-supporters this Dominion owes no small debt.An influence like that betters the economic and political as \u2018well as the religious and social tone of Canada, \u2018The Witness clientele is the very core of Canada\u2019s better democracy.Not democracy as tagged by any particular party but democracy as a reasonable, a fundamental principle.And the Witness and its loyal clientele have worked together against great odds, bound together in their common loyalty to a great cause, a great objective\u2014that rightness and peace, goodwill and plenty should prevail as between man and man, nation and nation.With the world of men and of interests at such frightful odds, as now, does it not behove us all, each one of us, to put forth an extra effortto multiply those forces which are most sanely and joyously working for the good of men.Surely those who believe that the Witnees is such a force will at once increase its outreach and its efficiency by getting it into other homes, LET US HERE AND NOW PROPOSE A SEVEN YEAR PLAN TO THAT END is supposed to be a heavenly number.Seven years from now the Witness will enter upon its hundredth year of service.If there is more need for the Witness today than ever it surely should have a larger circulation than ever.Circulation and not money is today the greatest need of the Witness.Hampered as the Witness has been and is for lack of adequate resources, if some benevolent millionaire were (0 plank down & hundred thousand dollars on our counter we would till be dissatisfied if the message we hare to give was not reaching our fellow citizens in such increasing numbers as would more effectively influence the course of our national life.We are about to celebrate the 70th anniversary of our Dominion.Are we satisfied with its development and present condition?During the next seven years great history will be made\u2014for better, for worse! Shall we have \u201ca purpose firm\u201d 40 make the history of the coming seven years read like definite stops toward the Kingdom of God on Barth?A Hundred Theasand Influences WOULD 1 not be a marvellous thing to be able to record 100,000 cirçu- lation for the Witness with which to enter its hundredth year?But incomparably more important would be the multiplied impact of such a paper through those 100,000 homes on the monal, economic, social, political and religious life of our country in these great years that will form the country that our chilaren of today will have to spend their lives in.This is seed sowing time.Shall not each reader begin at once to sow the seed of a Christian social democracy in the most practical way he knows?Figures have a way of mounting with accelerated speed, when ad- \u2018venture ls infectious, The first \u201cseed sower\u201d in each environment to get the \u2018three coupons filled in will have the eaal- est furrow.In the first place, the sooner the new subscriber pays his 38 cts.the more he will get for his money as all such subscriptions siart at once and end at the end of the year.In the second place he will reach his prospects before some one else has approached them with the opportunity.In the third place, the new subscriber's family will be assured of the opening chapters of our new story.Your particular incentive is that you will be doing something to better Canada\u2019s tomorrow.You will be sowing seed that will germinate and bear a crop, seed from which will be sown in still other homes.The trouble in the past 1s that in too many seasons there were not enough sowers to balance the losses by death, depression, ete.A long, strong pull NOW will overcome all that.The publishers offer the best possible seed\u2019 at the lowest possible sample price.That is their share In the distribution of the seed.Yours is active co-operation in planting it Such friends will welcome our NEW SPECIAL ON TRIAL 3 for $1 year-end offer.Every new subscriber- home adds to the effectiveness of your paper, the WITNESS, besides enabling its publishers to give you better value. ba WITNESS and Canadian Homestead, MARCH 10, 1937.WITNESS EDITORS: Jomx DovaaLr, Founder, 1845\u20141870 Jouw REpPar DOUGALL, 1070\u20141034 Faxnenicx E.DOUGALL, 1084\u2014 The pressut Bditor is the sole proprieter.JONN DOUGALL & SON, Publishers, [1 Montreal, Cansda, Cable Address: WITNESS Montreal, Babered ae Becond-class matter July 15, 1986, Vermont, under .the Peut Ofies at St.Albans.the Aet of March 3, 187 (Sec.§20, P.L.and R.).Address all business masters to the Firm fres to reproduce Méditors and commentators are rods quote Witness editorial, Sa ceimomlodgment, The Bditor of the Witness would be glad to receive à marked copy or Page containing any such quetatien.EE The Week's Outlook \u2014_\u2014_\u2014_\u2014_\u2014_\u2014 CANADA THE INTERPRETER F further evidence were required te demonstrate the recognition in official Washington of the need of the closest co-operation between the two great groups of English speaking democracies in this hour of world crisis, # is surely to be found in Mr.King's visit to the United States capital, at the express invitation of Mr.Roosevelt.It is an historic precedent which finds à Canadian Prime Minister openly invited to Washington in order to hear and transmit to other member nations of the British Commonwealth\u2014who will soon all de gathered together in London for the Coronation\u2014the views of the Chief Executive of the United States on the world problems which 80 materially affect both groups of nations.Ordinarily such an interchange of opinions under such eir- cumstances would be masked by stories that the visitor was merely renewing an old friendship, or was on a hunting trip, or that the journey \u201chad no poll- tical significanee\u201d.Readers will recall that Mr.Runciman's talks with the Secretary of State during his calls at Washington last month were discounted in like fashion.It is now known easion.In frankly giving publicity to the purpose of Mr.King's visit, Mr.Roosevelt 1s cutting right across the popular assumption that the\u2019 greatest creditor nation\u2014the richest and most powerful individual nation-can comfortably ignore the troubles of the rest of the world.He is risking angry reminders abou} George Washington's legacy to his country of advice against \u201centangling alliances.\u201d The first president's deprecation of permitting the newly fledged nation to become a pawn in the power polities of antoeratic France of the Bourbons, was something very different from the interpretation placed upon it by amateur and professional politicians in the United States of today.Mr, Roosevelt is concerned with the living present.He plainly realizes that Great Britain and France are left as the only considerable supports in Europe of the kind of national life and political system on which his own country's welfare is based, and that the nearest practicable approach of each to each in defence of that which they hold dear, and have in common, is only the most obvious and elementary course open to common sense.It was U.8.Ambassador Walter Hines Page in London who first spoke of Canada as \u201cthe house of the the ore of the iron heart.\u2014 Adolf Hitler.And to get it he must put humanity in the smelter so as to get rid of AN APPALLING REPORT STUDY of the families helped by Family Welfare Association in Montreal presents a picture that is truly appalling.During the mouth of January the Association assisted 1,100 families.Of these families, unemployment was à major problem in 501.The report shows that: In every 100 families of unemployed there are: Thirty cases of more or less permanently disabling illness; Seven families where lack of clothing prevents the children from going to school; Nine where overcrowding is serious enough to cause immorality or serious family difficulty; .Twenty-three showing completely lost or bedly impaired moral standards: , Fourteen where the children are Tunning wild; Nineteen cases of malnutrition reported by medical authorities.Surveys made by the Catholic Wel fare Bureau and the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies at the same time show similar conditions found by these organisations.All the above families were receiving relief from the Montreal Unemploy- i for work and have confidence in them- ability to work 15s ks i In sixty-six cases the strain of worry over unemployment had precipitated situations that threatened the break-up of the home.In fifty-one others the father had actually deserted, leaving his wife and children (I8 not this a tions?) In ome month there were eighty-four cases of juvenile delinquency where children were either involved with the Juvenile Court or were suffering from deterioration of character and habits presenting ser- jous problems.And so the tragic tale goes on.The \u201cHard Core\u201d (COULD there be any more terrible * indictment of our present-day civilisation?We hear much about a revival in business.The stock market, though given as at all times to mysterious fluctuations is, generally speaking, climbing to higher figures.There is certainly more employment.But according to Mr.Dunning we may expect always to have to deal with a \u201chard core of unemployment\u2019 and part of this hard core, translated into terms of human want and suffering is the subject of this terrible report.Besides this, everyone knows that such reports only tell of the extreme cases, that there are many thousands who are not on \u201crelief\u201d who are suffering from malnutrition, from lack of adequate housing and clothing and from deprivation of social, educational and cultural advantages which are necessary for competent life.The question is: what are we going to do about it?Such conditions do not mend themselves.Are our great men, our business leaders, our social engin- cers to be content to leave such a festering sore at the heart of our civ- illsation?There was once a theory of social economy that counted on a than one oountry show that this \u201cpool\u201d tends to become a morass, which saps the foundation of the proudest structure.The various charity federations are doing a splendid werk in serving the victims of unjusk un-Christian conditions.But there 15 urgent need that such conditions should be rendered forever impossible.Only so can we enter an order worthy of the high name of civilisation.PLEAS FOR TOLERANCE HAT veteran soldier, statesman and philosopher, Christian In name and spirit, Jan Christian Smuts, speaking the other day at his installation as chancellor of Cape Town University, made a notable plea for tolerance.\u201cWhatever may be the outcome of the rival Fascist and Communist systems now contending for mastery in Europe.I would ask you fo believe that their hostility to the principle of racial, religious and political toleration must surely be a passing phase\u2014a symptom of the confusion and unrest of the time.\u201cIntolerance once more is looked upon not as a return to barbarism but as a sign of strength, patriotism and national discipline.Gentle virtues are derided as weakness, inferiority complex and national de- eay.There may be a temporary eclipse, but never again can there be a return permanently to the dark age for the human spirit.\u201d Almost at the same time New Zea- gional Conference of Rotary International at Wellington, NZ.He said: \u201cI see no hope of founding international relationships upon any sort of mechanism.I believe they must be founded on international goodwill and the right international spirit It is there that Rotary comes Contrasting Ideals are two pleas for tolerance uttered in widely distant capitals of the Empire by statesmen of widely differing antecedents.We confess to pride that both were British, one of i ELE : Ë ty.Carlyle mys that \u201cwe are not sent into the world altogether to tolerate.\u201d He would \u201ctolerate the un- essentials\u201d while recognising that there are some things in the world which are utterly \u201cintolerable.\u201d In holding that \u201chostility to the principle of racial, religious and political toleration must surely be a passing phase,\u201d General Smuts implies that intolerance is itself intolerable and that in a rational world it cannot last.Certainly a regime that exists only by repression cannot look for a long life, The moment the strong arm of authority and terror weakens, the oppressed will assert themselves.Sooner or later retribution overtakes auto- dictatorships.The Church of Jesus is international, it is for all men and knows no boundaries of race, or class or color.COMMUNISM AND DEMOCRACY R.TIM BUCK, Communist leader in Toroato and candidate for & for he spoke from personal experience, Buek was an eye-witness of certain phases of the Spanish civil war last He also spent two and a half years im Kingston penitentiary after conviction of membership in the Communist party, forbidden by virtue of Section 98, one of the most disgraceful statutes that has ever disfigured Canada's legiaiative record.It was placed there by the kind of people who would, as those in the Old Testament story Russia\u2019s Section 98 AT the question period that followe his address on Spain.Mr.Buck undertook the defence of Soviet Russia as a democratic state.He held that the Soviet Union has as much right to the title of democracy as has\u2019 Canada or any other capitalist state.The Soviet citizen has the right to vote and to express political opinions, said Mr.Buck.He had in addition economic security, which, Mr.Buck asserted, is more than is assured to the Cans= dian worker.But, he conceded, there was only one party in Russia, the Communist party.No other was tol erated, nor would any activity be tolerated that might cause the downfall of the Government.The situation In Russia was the equivalent of Section 98 in reverse, he maintained.Undey the Canadian statute, agitation in behalf of Communism was & punishable offence.In Russia agitation against that theory was illegal.Mr.Buck proceeded to argue that while Canada prohibition of freedom of expression with regard to Communism was utterly indefensible (which it was) Soviet's Russia's repression is togical and justified.Here again we have an illustration of the oid proverb about the ownership of the ox that is gored.Mr.Buck's defence is that Ruasia\u2019s experiment is still in danger and that freedom of speech and action is à luxury Ît cannot afford.In other words, Mr.Buck tacitly admitted that his claim for the Soviet as a genuine de mocracy was founded on sand, Itisa democracy that finds itself unable to permit ordinary democratic functions.When Mr.Buck was contending against the application of Section 98, he was silent on the application of îts equivalent in the Soviet.Tyranny is tyranny whether practised by capital ist or Communist.The only government that might presume to stifle opposition to its ideas is a government that is clearly infallible.We have not yet found the human government thas meets such a requirement.And when we do, we will not find an intolerable Section 98 in its statutes.Under a righteous government men will find that liberty and life more abundant result from loyalty to what is right.No plea, however specious, avails as an exeuss for denial of fundamental human rights.The regime which seeks to fetter the human spirit and intellect, utters its own condemnation in stronger tones than are possible to its opponents.Soviet Ruasia is still on a war footing, pleads Mr.Buck.Can not every nation make that excuse?\u2018 Tr Se me _ WITNESS and Canadian Hemestead, MARCH 16, 1937, THRAR py MISS MACPHAIL with bombe and machine guns.But ECONOMIC ; SUNDAY SCHOOL AND THE CORONATION Russia considers that she must ; up 10 the trend of fashion, sad vies CAUSES OF WAR UNION CENTENARY ISS AGNES MACPHAIL, MP, the young idea how to shoot.\u201d Besides, N a report on the attitude of the HE year 1937 celebrates the cen- apeaking in Montreal, said that ber government has an economic or- churches to modern problems, the tenary of many great events.À the great \u201cmonarchical show\u201d which will take place in London is one of the few things in the world that she does not find exciting.The Coronation, she held, wherein the \u201cmonarch is the only incident to make the show possible,\u201d shrinks into insignificance beside the gripping problems of this civilization.\u201cI certainly wonder at the patience of the poor,\u201d she said, and expressed her bellef that the unfortunates of the world, living tn squalor, must necessarily Sook askance at Coronation extravagance.The Value of Pageantry.\u2018VE have the greatest admiration fo - Miss Macphail's sympathy with the poof and with her broad public spirit.Bhe is indefatigable in champ-.Joning good causes and exhibits a fine courage in backing up unpopular movements.But we cannot help thinking that she fails to get the right point of view in regard to the Coronation.Extravagance is objectionable, but #0 is extreme parsimony.Though the King and Queen are the central figures in the Coronation they are so ue of the fact that they represent the nation.Strange as ik may seem, there is no class in Britain mong whom the monarchy is more pular, and no class which will take more delight In the \u201cgreat show\u201d than the extreme poor.They would be first 5 g ve might be spent more wisely, but under present conditions there is no doubt that the Coronation will \u201cgive work\u201d and will benefit many thousands of We will not enlarge on the historic significince ar the symbolism of the Coronation pageant.These considerations, perhaps, make no appeal to the modern and matter-of-fact Miss Macphail.They, however, mean much to most people in the British Commonwealth, they are part and parcel of the British genius, indeed, It would be difficult to imagine British people without them.most important consideration is that the elimination of ceremonial would not help the Poor in any way.Not one hungry family would be better fed if all the pageantry of Coronation were eliminated.INFANTRY FOR THE SOVIETS HE Soviet Union has fallen into line with ¢he other dictatorships in putting her \u201cinfantry\u201d on a war footing.The program for this year designs to qualify 200,000 children as marksmen, 700,000 as anti-aircraft defence experts and 150,000 as experts in aviation construction.All achool chii- dren are to be given instruction in marksmanship.naval operations, cavalry, communications, aviation construction or other preparation for war emergencies.The Russians are naturally a very peaceable people.Those who have lived antong them tell of their simplicity and charity.The collapse of the Russian armies in the Great War was partly dus to appeals to their sense of international fra- Moscow more than once proposed to All the nations a program of complete universal disarmament.Russia has no lust for territory.Whatever Trot- 2ky\u2019s ambitions might have been there 1s no desire on the part of the present regime to convert other nations through a \u2018holy (Marxist) gospel with the sword\u201d, or thodoxy to maintain among her own people and, an army is a useful agent for keeping people in the true faith.\u201cA nation in arms\u201d is, however, dangerous both to itself and its neighbors.Some time Russia, as well as other dictatorships, will learn that liberty is a valuable aaset, that fraternity with other peoples is security, that Ideas are stronger than armies and that a young people, healthy in body, healthy in mind, trained to think rather than fo shoot, isa nation's strongest bulwark.RUSSIAN : NON-CONFORMISTS HE Moscow newspaper Pravda is alarmed because a religious revival is striking the Ivanovsk Province, the chief seat the textile industry, 250 miles northeast of Moscow.A cable to the New York Times and Montreal Gazette says that the movement scarcely affects the \u201corthodox\u201d church, but is a \u201cmishroom growth of sectarian groups\u201d The Pravda writer is worried because these groups often carry on anti-Soviet, Trotskyist agitation.The implication is that the \u201cfreedom of worship\u201d allowed by the constitution is being utilized to form clubs, and \u201cclubs\u201d, unless under the aegls of Moscow, are considered a danger to the state.The existence of even a foreign press association is forbidden.Those who have read anything of pre-war Russia will remember the existence of \u201cnon-conformist\u201d sects, some of them of large membership, which were often subjected to persecution by Church and State, Some were given to wild superstitions, others, like the Doukhobors of our North West were on the whole fine, good-living people, though a proportion of their membership were subject to bursts of fanaticism.The aects wore often strongly averse to military service as well as to any other sort of government regimentation.Since the \u2018advent of the Soviet little has been sald of these sects.They have likely been operating without hindrance as long as they did not interfere in politics.As they were not dependent on priests or churches, the anti-God prepaganda of the government was likely to affect them less than it did the adherents of the former official church.The Times and Gazette correspondent notes that in backward districts of Russia there has always been a tendency to run into queer semi-religious excesses.If the Moscow authorities are wise they will allow \u201cfreedom of propaganda\u201d as well as \u201cfreedom of worshin.\u201d Man is à \u201cre- igious animal\u201d and the Russian is peculiarly religious.The best way to combat ignorance is to let in the light.| The way to deal with flagellants and orglastic sects is to permit the fullest possible freedom to preaching of the Gospel and the circulation of the Scriptures.Such teaching would do much for the upbuilding of the State In law and order and enlightenment.The spirit of love and Christianity is sorely needed in Russia today where men \u2018who labored together for years are now engaged in a struggle of extermination.The greatest social experiment of history is in danger through internecine struggle.Even the most praiseworthy effort to promote a new order of things must inevitably fall if God is left out of account.The hearts of many who have for years sympathetically watched the progress of Russia and who have admired her gigantic strides towards a better social order are today sore over recent developments in that country.Just at a time when sympathy for Russia was becoming evident in many formerly hostile quarters, her rulers have elected to shock the world In what appears to be à bid to power, whatever the cost.in good That policy, avhile it may sult loaders, bodes ill for Russia.Bit Nofrontier News Service finds that Increasingly the churches are turning to a consideration of the economic causes of war.Thus, for Instance, the British Christian Council appointed a committee to examine this subject and to make recommendations for common action.A bit later, the Industrial and Social Order Council of the Friends met at\u2019 Elfinsward, Hay- wards Heath, England, to consider the economic causes of war.The report of the British Christian Council recognizes that there are var- lous potential causes of war, but \u201cthe pressure of economic conditions may be the aggravating cause which excites them into action.\u201d These British churchmen do not make the mistake of thinking that the \u201cdissatisfied powers\u201d can be made peaceful as lambs, if only they are givén colonies.Access to raw materials is not primarily through colonies and the inability to buy raw materials is due to the lack of foreign exchange, All of this leads to further complications of which the churchmen declare: This analyais points to the necessity for considering the internal frustration of national economic life, which may precipitate war.This \u201cinternal frustration\u201d is found also in Great Britain with its great colonial possessions and in the United States with its abundant national resources.This \u201cbreakdown within the national frontiers\u201d has led to continuous and bitter unemployment and to a lowering of the standard of Nving, even in rich countries like Great Britain and the United States.The resulting economic discontents make War easier.We may hesitate at the crude generalization: Capitalism is the cause of all wars, but there is much to be said for the judgment that a faulty economic system in a nation's life becomes a festering sore on which other predisposing causes of war are fed.« Furthermore, there can be no rectification of international life that does not deal falthfully with the rectification of internal economic life.The denial of social justice within a nation is the festering sore which makes war seem 30 plausible as a way of salvation.The conference of the Friends was just as realistic.It declared that the forces driving the nations to war were: the injustice of the distribution of wealth at home and the un-Chris- tian power over the lives of others conferred by material possessions, which produces the misery of poverty, Insecurity and unemployment; also the injustice of the distribution of the world's resources.The Minute which was subsequently adopted declared: If there is to be any hope of social And international regeneration, respect for human personality must take precedence over respect for property.We urge that a full livelihood should be, and could be, assured to every man, woman and * child within our own land, and that every nation should be, and could be, assured of the means of life for its people.Among the concrete measures proposed are: to reconsider the post-war treaties; to rescind their penal clauses; to separate the League of Nations Covenant from the Treaty of Versailles; to place non-self-govern~ ing colonies under a revised mandatory system moving towards an international administration and to open these on equal terms for trade to all nations; to remove barriers to international tirade, such as tariffs, quotas, or hindrances to currency exchange.Such measures, the conference held, would make disarmament possible and create a world in which every man could give his best to the common life\u2014with all of which Wituess readers will, in general, be in hearty accord.hundred years ago this year the Empire saw the beginning of a new reign, destined to be one of the most notable in history.Canada experienced popular revolts in Quebec and in Ontario, with remarkable repercussions on Im- perlal development.Another event, though not recorded in history books, has had far-reaching results.For in 1836-37 a group of far-visioned Christian people organized the Canada Sune day School Union.Through all the intervening years the work of Religious Education has successfully striven to adapt itself to the changing needs of the times.At first radiating from Montreal, the influence of the Union affected the provinces of Quebec and Ontario.Today the Dominion is covered with a network of agencies making for the religious development of of needs of our day.The lack of a liglous and moral background is sponsible for many of our troubles \u2018The inception of the Union was a work of faith, and this faith has been justi- fled by the number of lives blessed through the original society.through ils direct successor in this province, the Religious Education Council of the Province of Quebec and to the many related and affiliated bodies throughout the Dominion.From the beginning the work has been rendered possible through voluntary contributions, and upon such support the Religious Education organizations depend as they enter à new century on the all- important work of building up the Church of the Future, .ADULT CHILDREN 6 EAL with the public remembering that the average men- tallty is that of à 13 year old chäd\u201d So Mr.Aberhart, the Premier of Alberta, is declared to have counselled his representatives.Many a sage has given like counsel.And it is proverbial that the children\u2019s sermonette gets right home to the adults.But the problems of today are be- yohd the understanding of the 13 year okis.And truly subnormal is the people who will make no effort in their own and their children\u2019s interest to grasp them, or who childishly take no responsibility for their solution.A great many Witness readers seem to have this much of Etijah*s mentality, that they believe they alone in their imenediate environment are sufficiently purposed to world betterment to want such a paper as the Witness, We know of course that, as we said recently, this side of the Millennium the Witness will never be popular, and then it will not be needed.But we are sure that many who, in more humdrum times took the Witness for a short time and gave it up, will be eager for it today.The long Depression and the world\u2019s still greater dangers, lurking just around the corner, have caused many So we are doubly convinced that many who refused the Witness in times past will be found wanting it today.In these times of world danger sans men and women do not want te come under Mr.Aberhart\u2019s judgment. PHILIPPINE MANOEUVRES EVERAL recent occurrences show the need for close attention to the Philippine aituation.President Manuel Queson has arrived in Washington, ostensibly for a discussion of American-Philippine trade and tariff relations.But he brought with him his \u201cField Marshal\u201d General Douglas MacArthur, which shows that there are other matters on the program.Hardly had these two arrived when the President appointed as the new governor-general of the Philippines Paul V.McNutt, former Governor of Indiana.McNutt has always been a rabid militarist.He has been a guiding spirit of the American Legion, & constant ally of the various patriotic societies and their military preparedness campalgn, an advocate of universal military training, and a bitter opponent of peace workers whom he has attacked publicly.His record as Governor of Indiana shows his ideas of administration.When Strikes broke out and could not be broken, he decreed martial law over the area, suppressed all civil liberties, and dealt with the strikers and their defenders as criminals.Labor has called him the \u201cIndiana Hitler.\u201d Why such a man should be chosen a8 governor-general of the Philippines is difficult to say, except for one reason.He will be a perfect partner of General MacArthur in his program for militarization.Rumor has it that the former governor-general was .rather out of sympathy with the plans of the glorified American general.But with McNutt there will be no trouble at all.WITNESS and Canadian Homestead, MARCH 19, 1937, But the visit of MacArthur and the appointmenet of McNutt have importance far beyond the Philippines.The question to be decided now.is whether the United States shall definitely get out of the Islands or whether it shall establish a naval base there for the protection of American interests and as a jumping-off point for continual interference in the Far East.The policy adopted may mean War or peace in the Pacific.Army and navy are divided on this question, The army is opposed to any ties in the Philippines, even though the Independence Bill permits them.Three former army leaders, Generals Hagood, Smedley Butler and Rivers have demanded the withdrawal of military and naval forces from the Islands.General Rivers has declared in the \u2018Philippine Forum\u2019 that Mac- Arthur's assertion that he could defend the Islands with conscription at a cast of $80,000,000 in ten years was nonsense.The navy, however, wants a naval base in the Far Bast and if it succeeds in getting one, the United States will become just as involved in the Far East as is Great Britain with its various bases.In a recent issue of the Philippine \u2018Tribune\u2019 there is an article on the new Philippine taxes.\u201cWhen the new tax laws went into effect,\u201d says the writer, \u201cthey hollered from Batac to Cebu and points north and south.\u201d But the people were told that they had to pay \u201cfor more progress, for the army, and for other necessary luxur- les.\u201d A year.ago, another Philippine newspaper noted popular discontent with the headline: \u201cUnenlightened - Masses Protest.\u201d Let the Filipinos beware! When their new governor- general gets there, their protests are likely to be met with martial law.Optimism in the Baltic By the Special Correspondent in Riga of the \u201cAlgemeen Handelsblad\u201d (Amsterdam).Together with Poland, the Baltic States share the unenviable distinction of forming the buffer between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia.The serious consequences for them of a conflict between these {wo powerful States have served to draw them closer together.At the same time, as the following article shows, there is a growing conviction that Russo- German hostility is not so deep-seated as it appears.HE axis of peace in Europe is T formed by the countries which separate Germany and Russia.That is the opinion which is gaining ground among the citizens of Eastern Europe.The Governments and peoples of the buffer-States have no illusions as to their position in the event of an armed conflict.They know that their existence is at stake in a .come of the war.There can be no question of remaining neutral, as the belligerent countries could only approach one another over the territories of the buffer-States., the opinion in Government circles is that nel- ther of the powerful neighbors has any immediate intention of attacking ; | GE HaPEraggE Price Ë ! mence the attack.Each time the Marshal added significantly that, once begun, the war would be carried to a conclusion on the enemy's territory.The enemy which Russia has in mind is naturally Germany.Over two years ago preparations for war began behind the Russian frontier.When Hitler came into power in Germany, the uneasiness on the Russian plains was distressingly great.If war had broken out then, there would assuredly have been a revolt behind the Russian Unes.Moscow at once scented the danger and alleviated the regime on the steppes, whilst local patriotism was encouraged by the motto \u201cLove for the Fatherland.\u201d A new constitution, officially called a \u201ccharter of liberty,\u201d was drawn up.In the border States all this is looked upon as preparation for a war.Although Russia now has a very strong army on the Western frontier, it is constantly being reinforced.As on the other side of the frontier, the German army is being strengthened; in the border States the question ls continually being asked whether, and even when, one of the two armies will cease to be on the defensive and will invade the buffer-States in order to reach the foe.The statements of the responsible leaders in Moscow are not particularly enlightening: on the one hand & is sald that war with Germany is immediately threatening and inevitable, and on the other hand it is announced that the Red Army is so strong that nobody in the world would be 80 Tash as to attack K.It is always emphasized that the Red Army will never be used for aggression.From Germany also come similar announcements of peaceable, defensive plans, but, hitherto, with less emphasis.How- | ever, Ît is generally believed that the German army Le still lens prepared for à war of aggreasion then.the Russian.The German army weuld put wp « good show against an attacking Rus- alan force but not until 1938 can it be ready to invade Russia with any chance of success.War Not Inevitable \"[HERE are many people, not only in Russia and abroad, but also in the neighboring States who believe, or say they believe, that a war between Germany and Russia is Inevitable, because the Third Reich intends to stamp out communism.Although this opinlon is well supported by what one hears from Germany, it is not considered on the whole to be the correct one in the capitals of the border States.Although Germans may nn* and it pleasant, ik is a fact that the number of points of agreement between the earlier periods of Bolshevist Russia and the Third Reich is surprisingly great.The Nasi Party in Germany.just as the Communist Party in Russia, has no very convincing majority.Moreover, the Nazi Party is not homogeneous and it has not such a definite doctrine as Communism has.The German nation was unanimous for obtaining national equality and rearmament.National equality i has obtained, and as to rearmament, # has nothing to complain of.The oppressive burden on the taxpayer and the sacrifices in order to reach the goal have rather dulled the brilliance of Germany's new \u201cfreedom.\u201d New slogans have to be invented, or old ones repeated with more force.The former has not occurred, although the latter has: the standard of the anti-Communist crusade was once more raised.Nuremberg was devised to re-awaken the German people, but the effect in the border States was not very considerable since so many simflar explosions have been heard, both from Germany and from Russia.Nobody, then, in the border States attached very much importance to the international significance of the Nuremberg apeeches, neither was anything more dangerous expected than verbal abuse; in fact, it seemed that the speeches were chiefly intended for home consumption.Official expert observers in Russia and in the border ' States do not pretend to believe that Germany, without aid, will be able to attack Russia for a few years.Where is Germany to find allies for an undertaking fraught with so much risk?The Baltic States certainly do not even consider it, and Poland would ndt be particularly anxious for a war on her territory.It is also very doubtful whether Japan alone could be a decisive factor to the detriment of Russia.Fear Banished AT the moment, therefore, the Baltic States are not very perturbed as to the possibility of a well-planned attack by Germany on Ruasta, aithough the military value of the Franco-Rus- sian pact is regarded here as doubtful.Many think that the pact is more in the nature of a wedge between Germany and Russia than a bond between France and Russia.The Baltic States also consider that the violent shouting matches between Germany and Russa were promoted and controlled by the Governments and are not necessarily a permanent factor in the relations between the two countries.Common econothic interests are at present breaching the artificial wall of hatred, which but a few months ago appeared totally impen- States, hostilities between Germany and Russia could, by & \u201cnatural\u201d pro- God Speaks to Christians Many are called to my Kingdom\u2014 All of the human race; These would I bless and nourish; You have a chosen place.Not for yourselves I chose you; You have a work to do\u2014 The bringing in of my Kingdom, Making my word come true.Love is its firm foundation, Love in the heart of man; Love like the love of Jesus, \u2018Spread by the gospel plan; Thinking in human values, Striving for human good, Selfiessly seeking justice\u2014 The justice of brotherhood.This shall leaven the nations, Enter the realm of Greed, Cast out the god of Mammon, Meeting the world's great need.You have à voice in the nation\u2014 Speak with this love Divine! Yours are its laws in the making - See that those laws are Mine! Thus you establish My Kingdom! Thus shall My Will be done On earth as it is in heaven, Wherever soll meets sun! This my will for the nations, Coming to pass through you-\u2014 That nations do unto nations As they would have them do.So shall they dwell united, Sharing rewards of peace, \u2014 Knowledge and art and science, Wealth and the earth's increase.Man shall grow in dominion, Mighty as Adam stood, Wise from the tree of knowledge, Choosing my ways as good.I shall be known, \u201cThe Highest\u201d; Worshipped, \u201cThe God of man.\u201d \u2018This is the task I give you, Purposed ere world began! \u20148.Rogers, \u201cThe most magnificent obsession is the Kingdom of God on earth, Many obseasions are too amall.I don't want people to be content\u2014not with this kind of world.\u201d\u2014Dr.E, Stanley Jones.JEWISH TRADITION AND PEACE Modern Jews are frequently ardent disciples of the ideal of peace.The Nobel Prize for Peace has several times been awarded to Jews.But what is the Jewish tradition in this matter?Abraham Cronbach has studied the subject In \u201cWar and Peace in Jewish Tradition,\u201d a reprint from the Yearbook of the Central Conference of American Rabbis for 1936.Dr.Cronbach has covered both Biblical and Talmudic literature and he finds in these the equivalent of all the modern attitudes from militarism to pacifism.Subjects like \u201cdefensive wars\u201d and \u201calternatives to war\u201d are likewise found in Jewish tradition, though most discussions refer to personal relations and find their solution in sincere religion.Certain ancient sayings have great interest and special significance today.Thus, for example, the following on humility and non-resistance: Be of the persecuted rather than of ee fel gentle an as not hard and proud Laine cedar, reed.Who is the hero of heroes?He who transmuteth a foe into a friend.The God-fearing regards no one as his toe.Better to receive a curse than to pronounce a curse.Among the laudsiions of peace are found such as these: One man was created the common ancestor of all, so that the various families of men should not contend with one another.How great is peace; for oven with regard to war in which swords and lances are used, God said: \u201cWhen you go to vor: Seat attempt peace.\u201d When emiah comes, waa will not be needed, for wars will have Letters THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES (To the Editor of the Witness) Sir:\u2014It is a pity that Mr.Musgrove Norman in his letter to the Witness of Feb.24th should spoil an otherwise good argument by glaring inaccuracies in his statement.This reference to the Scandinavian countries as \u201cpartially civilised\u201d is an insult, and reveals his abyssmal ignorance of the true state of these advanced people.In the first place they stand at the top list as the most literate people in the world.In literature the names of Bjornson, Ibsen, and Esaias Tegner have a never fading lustre.In exploration, Amundsen, Averdrup, Sven Hedin and Nansen are among the world's greatest.It is said that Nansen is the only hero Europe has produced in the present century, and the one man who WITNESS and Canadiana Homestead, MARCH 10, 1937.came out of the last war with his repue tation enhanced.In social progress they are teachers of the whole world.Other nations are sending commissions there to study their economic and social set-up.Even President Roosevelt sent a commission to Scandinavia iu order to get a first-hand report.Unemployment is at a minimum, co-operation is flourishing, there are more rural telephones than in any other land, more farmers have access to electric power than in any other nation; most of the power cites are owned by the state.The rellways, except for some branch lines, are atate- owned.Liquor and tobacco are state- controlled monopolies.Private industries are under state control.The general culture of the inhabitants is the highest in the world, yet in his dense ignorance, Mr, Norman calls these people \u201cpartially civilised.\u201d Pinland is the only European country that pays its debt instalments promptly to the U.S.Better come out of your cave, Mr.Norman and apologise.Edberg, Alta.A.A.Broughton Not in the Headlines\u2014of the Popular Press From the Nofrontier News Service.TOWARD A FASCIST JAPAN Tokyo\u2014Today the military seem to be painting in the final touches in the picture of & fascist Japan.The work of these artlsts began with the - churian incident\u201d five years ago and their task was greatly facilitated with the signing of the anti-Communist agreement with Germany.Events have followed In rapid succession then.First, -there was the army demand for an increase of 312 million yen in next year\u2019s budget.As a direct result of this ard in anticipation of the inevitable rise in taxes, prices of all commodities began to rise.This was immediately followed by various plans for the further inculcation of nationalist ideas.The international front against the Comintern was followed by a rumor that Japan would propose at the Eucharist Congress in Manila the establishment of a committee of Japanese Catholics for common action against Commun- tem in the Far East.With à similar purpose, the Eastern Defence Headquarters, Tokyo, called a \u2018conference of all prefectural \u2018police chiefs to consider ways and means of \u201covercoming the popular indifference to the menace of sples.\u201d The February issue of \u201cBungakki\u201d was banned, because it contained a novel entitled \u201cThe Light is Dim,\u201d opposing fascism.A pamphlet by Yukio Ozaki, liberal politician, entitled \u201cOpposition to Dictatorships\u201d was also banned.A page containing the statement: \u201cWe do not take pride in airplanes and the giving of airplanes to the*army is not patriotism.We hope to change this attitude,\u201d was torn from a book that had been put on sale at the Methodist Publishing House.The 300 officers and cadets of the visiting German cruiser \u201cEm- den\u201d were given a very elaborate reception.All of these measures had a fascist and militarist purpose.The report that General Chiang Kal-shek had agreed with Marshal Chang Hsueh-Liang to follow an anti- Japanese policy has further aided the military clique, as has the increasing The Meur Mines ef Ged\u2019s Spirit in the World through the Oxford Group Christian, Creative, Revelutionary Out to change the world by changing men, * SUBSCRIPTION RATES Weekly 5 cts a copy.3150 a year (ûs.) WITNESS Outleek smbecribers may have The New Witness edition for a first Year em trial fer only $140 (42); er six weeks for 15 cis.(8d.) These rates are good in Nesth Amer- les® and Br.Kmpire* countries\u2014except that in the case of reduced rate subecrip- tions 80 cts, (3s) must be added for postage for addresses in Greater Monts real, or in Australia.vs LJ Br, Sterling aosepted at par.So a not to compromise friends the Outlook is not available in censored countries.John Dounell & Sen, publishers, Montres!, Cateda.solidification of Chinese opinion against Japan.At the same time, these developments have taught the military to move cautiously in North China.Finally, the 1937 edition of a pamphlet entitled \u201cThe Armies of the Empire and other Powers\u201d was issued by the War Office and distributed in 100,000 copies.In it, the \u201cBig Army\u201d reasons are set forth, namely, that the U.S.A.wants to control the Pacific, Britain interferes with Japan's continental policy, and the Soviet Union had adopted a provocative attitude toward Japan.The fireworks started in the Imperial Diet at the end of January.An attack on the semi-fascist policles of the Hirota government was declared to be \u201cinsulting to military men\u201d by the War Minister.General Terauchi then declined to co-operate with \u201csuccessive governments that have through misguided policy .exposed the nation to extreme difficulties.\u201d General Ugakl, conservative militarist with a brilliant record, was refused the co-operation of*the army and Hayashi then became premier.The gloom in radical, progressive and antl-fascist circles is almost complete.The military and the parliamentarians are sharply opposed to each other as regards fascism, while the navy is \u2018trying unsuccessfully to act as go-between.CRISSCROSS HATREDS Budapest.\u2014 What curious results can emerge from nationalism, anti- Communiæn and anti-Semitism was recently shown in Hungary.A meeting of the anti-Communist Committee was addressed by a member of the Slovak National Party, yet not so long ago Magyars and Slovaks were con- sldered deadly national enemies.At the same time, the Fascist Green- shirts attacked and insulted 8 member of parliament, Mr.Fabian, who has, ever since his imprisonment in Russia during the World War, been a persistent fighter against Bolsheviam, Mr.Fabian is a Jew.The labor paper, \u201cNepszava,\u201d declared that the anti- Communist Committee had split into two sections, one of which is a camouflage for Nazi partisans.This group is made up of the Arrowcross and of the extreme Right of the Government party.THE \u201cWEAKENING EFFECT\u201d OF ARMAMENTS New York\u2014That the present excessive outlays for armaments have a \u201cdistinctly weakening effect\u201d on the nation concerned, is the opinion of the \u2018Journal of Commerce\u2019.\u201cBy increasing public debt, lowering the standard of living and cutting down foreign exchange resources, the ability of a country, particularly a relatively poor ane, to wage war ls impaired in some respects by the very piling up of armaments now going on.\u201d This critical view of a journal representing business interests ls carried straight to Industry itself.The \u2018Journal\u2019 warns that the war industries will have to attract workers by higher wages and bonuses and thus the \u201cstability of the prevailing wage level will be disturbed.\u201d Purthermore, the diversion of factories to the production of war materials will interfere with the production of other goods.The atimuus given to the bullding industry by the erection of new war plants will prove \u201cunstable and short-lived.\u201d If large orders for war materials can be placed abroad, \u201cdislocation of the economic life of the country due to large-scale rearmament will become correspondingly less pronounced\u201d Some of these orders will undoubtedly come to America, but .American business is warned that this is \u201cnot the type of trade that may be relled upon to continue and to constitute a lasting addition to our international commerce.\u201d \u201cAN ISLAND OF PEACE AND PROSPERITY\u201d In May, 1937, the new Catholic ca- thedrai in the city of Luxemburg will be dedicated.A document placed in the corner stone declares that the foundation stone was laid at a moment \u201cwhen this country of Luxemburg rises like an island of peace and prosperity from the midst of turbulent times.\u201d Those are proud words, but they describe quite correctly the unique position of the tiny Grand Duchy which has neither war debts to pay for the last war nor exorbitant taxes for armaments in foolish preparation for the next one.GETTING DRUNK OCCASIONALLY The \u2018Peace Record\u2019 of New Zealand is wrought up over the \u201cunrestrained earnestness with which some of the Church dignatories repudiate any pacifist leanings.\u201d The Moderator of the Presbyterian Assembly declared: \u201cI think that not more than two or three per cent of Presbyterians are pacifists.\u201d The \u201cPeace Record\u201d cannot understand thig attitude.\u201cThese same ministers,\u201d it declares, \u201chate intoxicating liquor but do not suggest to their congregations that there may may be occasions when getting drunk may be justifiable, or, on the other hand, vehemently repudiate an accusation of their being prohibitionists.\u2018Why do they not all heartily rejoice at at every gesture toward peace?Do they really \u2018hate war like poison\u2019 as they so often aver?\u201d GERMAN MOBILIZATION ORDERS London \u2014Mobilization orders have been sent to every able-bodied man in Germany.\u201cThe Week\u201d has produced such an order in translation.It orders all men to be ready for departure within an hour or on certain specified days of the mobilization period and to report at designated mobilization centres.Full details are given the men as to what they are to bring along, including 2 shirts, 2 pairs of underpants, 3 pairs of socks, marching boots, a woollen blanket, etc.At their headquarters they will receive a rifle, ammunition, a steel helmet and rations\u2014and they are ready for the front.Employers have also been notified in advance which men will have to be released, so that skilled mechanics, chemists, etc, will be able to remain at their posts.This order is of enormous military importance.Germany is ready to strike at a moment's notice.\" The Orient The Egyptian Government on Mar.7 formally applied for admission to the League of Nations.Reports of hunger riots and warlike preparations of disaffected generals in far inland Szechuan Province were coupled at Nanking, Chins, on March 7 with the revelation that Generalls- slmo Chiang Kal-shek had left secretly for the interior.: A new trade agreement between Japan and Burma was initialed in New Delhi the previous day, it was officially announced in Tokio on Mar, 2 The agreement was understood to be based on a barter arrangement involving Japanese cotton plece goods and Burmese raw cotton.Three hundred geisha girl entertainers in Osaka, Japan, ended their eight-day strike on Mar.6 with ree- ognition of their right to form a gelsha guild, Japan renounced territorial ambitions in China on Mar.8 and extended to her neighbor an offer of friendly dealings on a basis of equality.Taking cognizance of suspicious watching by China, where extreme elements have demanded war against Japan, and economic clashes with other nations, Foreign Minister Naotake Sato in his inaugural address to Parliament promised \u201cA fresh start on the basis of equality\u201d in dealing with China (with whom relations have been strained by reports of Japanese incursions in North China and Japanese protests at Chinese demonstrations against Japanese nationaäis).Economic friendliness, to permit Japanese trade expansion.Reassurance to other world powers, particularly Britain, who have watched Japanese development in North China with growing concern.\u201cJapan has no territorial ambitions in China,\u201d Mr.Sato told cheering legislators.\u201cJapan respects Chinese interests and wishes to shake bands with them economically.That is the only way Japan can expand there.We must do something definite to improve our present unfavorable relations with China, which are highly disadvantageous to both countries.\u201d The former policy of infiltration has failed, and aroused other world powers to anxious watch.WM .A AS our contribution towards getting world wide illumination Inte homes of thinking folk, we offer to send ; \u2019 to the end of 1937 to any New Subscriber for only $1.65 (Regular rate $3.50 a year) service te begin immediately order is received The sooner you act the more you get for this small sum.This offer good anywhere in the British Empire.For other countries re 50cts.additional for foreign post.Seme of the Contents of the Carrent Issue of World Wide BarrisH Work STANDARDS \u2014Christian Science Monitor Barista For PrEsment/ \u2014St.Louis Post Dispatch CURRENT CARTOONS ITALIAN IMPRESSIONS \u2014Richard Freund, The Spectator Bznixo THE LINES IN SPAIN \u2014Cyril Connolly, New Statesman and Nation THE CHURCH Ann THE Won \u2014T.S.Eliot, The Listener Trsr-Ture Truck Farms \u2014The Commentator Inge INFORMATION \u2014Francis Hackett, New Republic TROUBLES Or Frances New Dear \u2014 Francis Delaisi, Vendredi In Torn Marr \u2014Herbert L.Matthews, N.Y.Times Magazine THE EDUCATION Or GOvERNOR \u2014The Nation 182 183 183 184 186 109 190 191 Please send WORLD WIDE to the following from receipt of this order te the end of 1937, for which I enclose moacssesute essnces to cover cost in uccordance with your special offer.and Address Saneeanestees teens sss eset beRIILeLbta buna r Reset nents hrs asses savers.cree cute NOTHER step forward in Can- adisn social measures was taken on March 1 when Hon.Charles A.Dunning, Minister of Finance, presented a resolution for the introduction of a bill to extend tne provisions of the Old Age Pensions Act to blind persons at the age of forty.Rt.Hon.R.B.Bennett, Leader of the Opposition, and A.A.Heaps, (CCF.Winnipeg North) expressed the unanimous approval of the House in a few words, the latter hoping that in a few years the amount (about $20 a month) might be increased.Hon.C.H.Cahan asked if the legal position had been studied in the light of recent privy coun- eil decisions.Mr.Dunning said: \u201cYes,\u201d the Department of Justice had passed on the validity of the proposal.Combines Act Changes Read Second Time \u201cIt is not the intention of this Gov- cond reading of his bill to strengthen the Cambines Investigation Act, \u201cto set up machinery which will attempt the task of the regulation of industry or the control of prices.Price competition is a aesic essential of a competitive system.No Government can or should attempt under the present industrial system in this part of the world to decide what are .likely to prove to be the reasonable prices for countless commodities and services.On the other hand, if artificial obstructions are removed so that competitive conditions may prevail, prices will tend much more readily to conform to their proper levels as determined by the market appreciation of their utility.To effect this needed clearing of the channels of trade it is not considered necessary or desirable to institute any whole- tale series of prosecutions of alleged combines.\u201d *It is its policy,\u201d continued the Min- {ster of Labor, \u201cin this matter to do its utmost rather to clear the channels of domestic trade, and for this purpose to eliminate artificial price agreements, to restore competitive conditions wherever found necessary for the adequate safeguarding of the interests of the public.\u201d \u201cOne of the characteristic features of recent industrial organization,\u201d said Mr.Rogers, \u201chas been the growth of large- seale enterprises of the character of monopolies, trusts or mergers.Obvious- ily a concern of that kind may find it possible either to completely dominate a particular market or to exercise undue control over prices, but at the same time there may be nothing of the character of a combination in the activities of such a trust or monopoly.\u201d It was felt increased penalties were needed in order to deter large corporations from violating the Act and making up their fines in a few months\u2019 operations, he said.The maximum penalties were to be increased from $10.000 for individuals to $25,000, with or without imprisonment, and from $25,000 to $100,000 for corporations.Rt.Hon.R.B.Bennett suggested that the Minister's plan for enforcement of the law would not be satisfactory.\u201cThe administration of the criminal law is ia the hands of the provinces, and this bill suggests that if the provincial authorities are not anxious to enforce the law a esmplaint may be laid by a person who is affected, the Attorney-General of the Deminion may be advised about it, and he may appoint some one to deal with the situation.\u2018This was an interference with provincial authority frowmed on by recent decisions.The bill was given second reading.Two minor amendments to the Home Improvement Bill, made by the Senate, were concurred in by the House, on the motion of the Minister of Finance, Hon.Charles Dunning.J.¥.Pouliot (Lib.Temiscouata) carrying on his crusade to rid the statute books of the \u201cBennett New Deal\u201d legislation declared invalid by the privy council, on March 2, spoke in his customary fashion fn moving second reading of each of six private bills.After each speech the Prime Minister, Rt.Hon.W.L M.King rose and politely moved adjournment of the debate.With the fourth bill T.L.Church (Cons., Broadview) rose in vexation and tried to make a point of order fa that the Premier was thus shutting off debate.Mr.King pointed out that both the leader of the Opposition and Hon.C.H.Cahan, former Secretary of State, had protested against Mr.Pouliot's legislation when it was introduced and since they were not present he considered he was doing them a favor in adjourning the discussion to some future opportun- Hy.Any member was at liberty to speak and any member was free to move the ent.With the remainder of the bills the Prime Minister prefaced his motion of adjournment of debate with \u201cUnless the hon.member for Broadview wishes to speak.\u201d Bennett en The Budget In his capacity of Opposition finaneial eritie, Rt.Hon.R.B.Bennett, on Marek 2 opaned debate on the Budget of Hon.C.À Dunning He expressed regret that WITNESS and Canadian Hemestsnd, MARCH 16, 1987.The Week in Parliament no relie! was offered the tax payer.called attention to the fact \u201cthat we increasing by leaps and bounds ti eponsibilities of the consolidated revenue fund in connection with many funds for which we are really trustees.Toe minister is not to blame for that.It has been the practice in this country for a goners- tion, if not for more than that, to put into the consolidated reveaue fund moneys received for superannuation funds, for annuities, for Indian lands and from the sale of school lands, and they provide working capital for the country, on the theory\u2014\" Mr.Dunning: savings bank.\u201d Mr.Bennett: \u201cYes; and they provide working capital for the country on the theory that whenever called upon we shall be sble to repay them.In tteory that is unsound.In practice it has been useful.Whether or not having regard to the magnitude of the fund the time has come when we should carefully cun- sider our position I leave it for this house and the future to determine.But I think it only fair to direct attention to the fact.\u201d \u201cIt must be the opinion of most hon.members,\u201d say Mr.Bennett\u201d that the eight per cent sales tax has worked a great hardship upon many people in Canada and that, applied as it is by wholesalers and utilized as it is by the retailer, in the sum total of the price upon which he makes his mark-up, it amounts more nearly to twelve per cent when it reaches the consumer than the eight per cent as enacted by parliament.This is a stupendous tax.As I pointed out last year it is a strain that I do not believe the people of the country can long endure.\u201d It was also time to consider the application of the income tax, said Mr.Bennett.Most of the provinces were now imposing income taxes in addition to the federal levy.If Canada wished people to invest money in Canadian industry and natural resources it might be necessary to revise the tax structure.Some sound middle course should be preserved between light taxation and the popular slogan of \u201cSoak the rich.\u201d Mr.Bennett deplored the fact that the Government was not reducing expenditures which, be said, were out-of all keeping with present conditions.Of the trade deal with Britain Mr.Bennett reminded the House that the then Opposition voted in the fall of 1932 against approval of the conference agreement with Britain.Referring to them as \u201cthe noble 42,° he asked how It was they could now ask Parllament to approve of an agreement whose general terms, he contended, were identical with the pact of 1982.\u201cIf there had been a different agreement in 1992,\" interjected Premier King \u201cthere would have been a different parallel now.\u201d Clause by elause Mr.Bennett went over the agreement, insisting each was the same as the corresponding clause in the 1832 agreement.Certain tariff reductions on woollens and steel, he thought might not work to the general advantage.: Nr.Bennett asked why, if the Tariff Board was good enough to be retained in the treaty with the United States, it was not good enough to be continued in the new pact with Britain.Why it was that Mr.Dunning agreed that an inquiry at which British producers were to enjoy full right and audience, was to determine these questions rather than the Tariff Board.Mr.Dunning interjected, \u201cOh, no, the Government of Canada.\u201d Rt.Hon.Mr.Bennett declared that millions of dollars had been made by speculators in wheat; that speculators made huge profits and the growers were deprived of their rightful share\u2019 by the Libera) wheat policies.\u201cThrough the action of the Govern ment, he (the farmer) was prevented from being able to sell his wheat to that board and receiving participation certificates.We know now that not thousands but millions of dollars have been made by speculators in that same wheat.buyers,\u201d contended the Leader of the Opposition, \u201ctook the wheat, and instead of the participation certificates being in the hands of the farmers, the big buyers reaped the benefit of the rise in price from 90 cents to $130 per bushel.It was in the hands of the Grain Exchange.There is no denying these facts, as they are there upon the record.Great fortunes have been made, while the farmer has had to dispose of his wheat as a price which did not permit him to utilize the machin ery of the Wheat Board.\u201d The Conservative Leader concluded his speech by urging that the Government had not yet done anything to relieve the unemployment situation, and by moving that :\u201cThis House regrets tbe Government has failed to take effective measures to deal with the problem of uhem- ployment.\u201d The amendment, he commented, was identical with motions the Liberals had put forward during the worst days of the depression when the Conservative Government was trying to grapple with une employment.It was warranted in view He are re- \u201cAnd the Post Office WHAT PARLIAMENT DID LAST WEEK Monday, March 1\u2014Ad resolution of Hon.C.A.Dunning, ister of Finance, to extend Old Age Pensions to blind persons at age 40.Gave ' second reading to Combines Investigation Act amendment.Concurred in Senate amendments to Home Improvement Loans bill Dealt with Mines and Resources items in Supply.; Marcn 2\u2014Debated Budget.Tuesday.Debated second reading af bills of J.PF Pouliot (Lib, Temiscouata) repealing Bennett New Deal acts.\u2018Wednesday, March 3\u2014~Continued.Budget debate.: Thursday, March 4\u2014Continued Budget debate.Friday, March 5\u2014Continued budget debate.Debated second reading of bills of -Oecar Boulanger (Lib, Bellechasse) to amend railway acts to refer claims af damages caused by snow fences to Railway Commission.\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 of the fact Prime Minister Mackenzie King in the last election had described unemployment as Canada\u2019s most urgent national problem.All the Government had done for unemployment had been to find jobs for a great number of people on the staff of the National Employment Commission.Reading their names and salaries Mr.Bennett charged the commission was doing nothing but duplicating the work of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics.Failure of the Government to deal effectively with.unemployment, \u2018he said, was demonstrated by Bureau of Statistics figures which listed more unemployed in January than when the present Government took over in 1935.In August, 1935, the total was 408,000 and in September 455000.In January, 1937, the total was 500,000.Mr John Blackmore, Social Credit leader, said he was not speaking on the amendment, but would reserve his remarks for the main motion.Hon.Norman Rogers, Minister of Labor, replying to Mr.Bennett's charges of Government failure on the relief question, declared the National Employment Commission bad already served a highly useful purpose, that it had made possible a national co-operative effort that would have been impossible if left to a Government department solely.Mr.Rogers doubted if Mr.Bennett really believed there had been no improvement in the situation in the past year.The evidence of economic improvement Canada does not need to be adduced in the form of elaborate statistics, That improvement is evident in practically every statement by the Bureau of Statistics within the past year.There can be no question whatever that the employment situation in Canada at this time is substantially better than it was a year ago, and very much better, indeed, than it was at any time during the previous administration.When the Bennett Government assumed office in 1986 said Mr.Rogers, there were 117,000 unemployed in the country, and when that Government had left office the number had risen to 435,000.The Minister condemned the relief camps.The present Government had discontinued them, and saved a great deal to the Treasury.Over 10,000 men were given work on the railways last summer and since then about 46000 placements had been made under the farm employment plan in the various provinces, There was a better relationship with the provinces ard municipalities -in the matter of relief aid.C.Grant MacNeil (C.CF.-Vancouver North), said statistics did not tell the whole story of unemployment.The government had \u201cdelivered\u201d young men to Tailway companies into a form of servitude.If they attempted to escape from the \u201cbondage of the rallways\u201d they were treated almost like \u201c » Despite assurance by the railways, he continued, the former camp _ workers were used to displace regular railway employees and the railways had violated the terms of their agreements.Mr.Rogers disputed this and said that in addition to the camp men, some others received employment on the railways as a result of the work created for the campers.Mr.cNeil said his information came from railwaymen who said they had been forced on relief for the first time because they did not get their usual extra- gang work.The men were compelled to work 10 hours a day for 23 cents an hour at heavy work.By relying on private enterprise to absorb the camp workers, the government had given the railways a free gift of $3,000,000 wort) of work, but the men got only additional hardship and destitution at the beginning of winter.\u201cAnd the relief camps have not been closed,\u201d said Mr.MacNeil.\u201cIn my constituency the same camps have and illicit relations.On every hand these young had been exploited in the most manner.A chain of bawdy through Interior British Columbia bad obtained recruits from among the single homeless young women in Vancouver.° \u201cI should be remiss in my duty if I did not make a most earnest appeal to the federal authorities to accept responsibil- vicious i circumstances.If Rt.Hon.R.B.Bennett, Conservative leader, had not moved a want of confi dence amendment to the budget on the question of unemployment, have been moved by the Co-operative Commonwealth federation.J.8.Woods- worth (C.CY.leader), said on resuming the Budget debate on March 3.As his group supported the amendment moved two years ago by Hon.Ian \u2018Mackenzie, then a member of the Opposition, and as that motion was almost identical with that moved by Mr.Bennett, they would be obliged to vote for the latter.It seemed, Mr.Woodsworth said, that views on the unemployment problem changed according to which side of the house a party occupied.After 10 months in office the present government had done nothing to cope with the unem- problem, he said.In 1935 the prime minister had declared there should be immediate steps taken to establish employment insurance.Yet no such steps had been taken.Walter Kuh! (S.C., Jasper-Edson), told the house it was a pl and a mathematical impossibility to employ all the unemployed in industry.He declared the only cure was to make a wider experiment in Social Credit, to take sepa to increase the purchasing power the people.Denton Massey (Cons, Toronto-Green- wood), declared 1,300,000 people in Canada were receiving relief, and 500,000 were unemployed.He declared these facts were not in accord with the claims of the Government there had been an undeniable improvement in the unemployment situation.Special supplementary estimates for the next fiscal year, totalling over $96.- 000,000 including $35.000,000 to meet the deficit from this calendar year\u2019s operations of the Canadian National Railways, were tabled on March 3 by Hon.Charles Dunning, Minister of Finance.o\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 A 16-Page Sunday Magazine Published Weekly Founded by the Late John Dougall in 1865 as à Christian adventure, this Canadian for the Sunday School and family has for three generations been loved by old and denominational in its .sympathies 1t is free to serve all Christians.Entertaining, informing, inspiring, the heart and purpose of the Messeriger is to deciare the Gospel of Jesus, the power of God unto Salvation.and its challenge to Christian faith and living.* Single Bubscrations oer 80 cota ONS Lesssvenenrerraser Dire nies to separais addresses \" \"at 70 ota.3 ormore \u201d Sormore ©\u201d \"ou For Sunday Schools 6 or more to eme address at 60 ets (or 16% cts.per quarter) benevolent rates poor Mission Sehosis.Thess rates LOSTAGE rm Onnada, except that fer sles, Extra postage for U.2e extra.India, Australis and Foreign 300.extra.INTRODUCTORY OFFER TO SUNDAY SCHOOLS We will be glad to send to any day School not now getting the Northern Messenger a sufficient number to give à copy to esch family represented in your Sunday School for three consecutive Sundays ABSOLUTELY FREE, after which will offer you a very Special TRIAL low rate for three or six monhts.The request must be made by the Supt.or other authorized officer of the School.JOHN DOUGALL & SON, Publishers, P.O.Box 3070, 7 Montreal, Quebec WITNESS and Canadian arms NEWS of THE WEEK roms Canada The Ontario Government will not tol- Continned improvement in the industrial and agricultural lite of Nova Scotia was reported in the Speech from the March 2 as Lieutenant-Gover- Ww.Covert opened the fourth ses- 40th General Assembly.The were on H of the mines ey been for many years with the resuit oduction of coal was greater by @50,- tons than in the previous year.BRERER Alberta Conservative Leader David Duggan on March 2 moved a want-of- confidence motion against the Aberbart Government.It was defeated 53-7 by the Legisiature.C.R.Morrison, president of the International Harvester Company, denied before the House Committee on Farm Implements that any price-fixing agreement existed among Canadian farm-implement manufacturers.It was possible that smaller manufacturers may have follow- od the price lead of International Har- An increase of $1275,748 in the net snd unfunded debt of Alberta was recorded between March 31, 1936, and January 31, 1937, it was reported on March 2 by Provincial Treasurer Low when he tabled financial reports in the Legislature.For the 10-month period, Alberta had surplus of $271920 in its cash account, covering the ordinary costs of government.Revenue totalled $16,- 616282 and expenditures, $14,359,485.This left @ groes surplus of 32252647 against which was placed unemployment relief ot $1,960,0268, leaving the cash surplus of $271,920.The debt of the province stood at $163,081,350 at the opening of the period and $150,907,075 at the Premier Mitchell Hepburn on March 3 adjourned the Ontario Legislature cause Hon.Peter Heenan, Minister of Lands and Forests had persistently defiled Speaker Norman Hipel's rulings and once started across the floor of the House to battle George S.Henry, Conservative leader while the latter was trying to speak on the Speech from the Throne.Management of the Moose River Gold Mine was held responsible for its col- lapee last April by a commission which investigated the cave-in and tabled its report in the Nova Scotia Legislature on March 3.Evidence taken by the commission showed ore had been removed from pillars supporting the mine after it was reopened in January, 1936, weakening the roof support of certain sections of the mine, the report said.The owners questioned the findings.\u2018The Senate on March 3 gave third reading to a bill enabling establishment of free foreign trade zones or free ports in Canada.The measure was then sent to the House of Commons for its consideration.The \u2018International Harvester Company, which \u2018handles one-third of the farm implement business in Canada, will not sell implements to any farmers\u2019 co-operative, C.R Morrison, president of the company, declared before the Commons Committee on Farm Implements on March 3.Premier King announced on March 3 that he would leave next day for \u2018Washington, to visit at the White House on the personal invitation of President Roosevelt.He further stated that the purpose of that visit would be to afford oppertunity \u201cto talk over matters of mutual interest in the United States and Canada.\u201d When the Ontario Legislature opened en March 4 Hon.Peter Heenan apolo~ gized to Speaker Norman Hipel, whose rulings he disobeyed the day before.Resuming the debate on the Comservative the Speech from the Throne, George S.Henry chatted pleasantly across the floor with the Minister of Lands and Forests.: Emergency attention was given on March 3 to two of 30 men injured as strikers were evicted fram the Holmes Foundry Company plant at Sarnia, Ont, after a two-hour fight with non-strikers.Twenty-six were lodged in jall on trespass charges.erate sit-down strikes, Premier Hepburn told the Legislature March 4.Bill to amend the Minimum Wage Act to provide minimum wages for mea was introduced in the Ontario Legislature on March ¢ by Hon.David A.Croll, Minister of Labor.The act at present applies only to women.Tentative agreement it was hoped, would end Ontario's four-day-old furniture strike, after a conference in Toronto on March 4 between workers and manufacturers, it was announced by the Ontario Department of Labor.More than 1,000 furniture workers in 11 centres of Western Ontario were affected by the walk-out launched after manufacturers turned down demands for a 44- hour week, a minimum of 50 cents an hour for skilled labor, time and a half for overtime and a half-holiday Saturdays.Throughout discussions workers have asked for a uniform wage scale throughout the \u2018industry.The Ontario Legislature on March 4 approved the Address in Reply to the Speech from the Throne on a 56-16 division and\u2019 with a similar vote defeated a Conservative amendment, regretting no assurance was given the people of the repeal of an Assessment Act amendment passed last session, pertaining to division of taxes between separate and public schools.Formation of a \u201cMaritime Provinces Union Executive Council\u201d consisting of, the cabinets of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island was proposed in the New Brunswick Legislature on March 4 by C.H Blakeny (Lib, Moncton City), as he spoke in the Budget debate.The member of the Government party urged that measures providing for such a council be enacted by Legislatures of the three Maritime Provinces and deciared that, though its.functions would be purely advisory, many substantial advantages would result Premier Angus L.Macdonald told the Nova Scotia Legislature on March 4 he would insist that conferences between the Dominion and the provinces be reopened to review the British North America® Act now that the Privy Coun- ell had settled the control of social legislation.A group of electors opposed to Que- bee's National Union Government held a convention at Valley Junction on March 4 and nominated Vital Cliche, former Action Liberale Nationale member of the Quebec Legisiature, to contest the Beauce provincial by-election March 17.Sweeping power to license \u201cali trades, businesses, industries and occupations\u201d in Alberta, were proposed in a bill introduced in the Legislature on March 5 by the Aberhart Government.Dr.À Duncan Roberts, Sault Ste.Marie\u2019s representative in the Ontario Legislature, was read out of the Liberal party and accused by his leader, Premier Mitchell Hepburn, of \u201cconduct unbecoming a member of the Legislature,\u201d on March 5, as a result of Dr.Roberts\u2019 resentment of announcement of a provincial bounty on iron ore being announced by a private individual, Sir James Dunn, of the Algoma Steel Company instead of himself.Oll rights in an area of 61,268,400 acres, approximately .three-eighths of Alberta, have been placed under preservation by an Order-in Aylmer, Province [3 Te oa grounds of adultery Dated où Montreal, Provines Quebes, 13th day of Jeauary, 1991, \u201c + thle CRANRERAW, CRANKSNAW, GAROURY & Attorneys for Petitioner, #1 Place d'Armes, Mantseal. SIXTEEN OUR NEW SERIAL \u201cCASTLE WALK\u201d (Continued from Page 8.) denly\u2014they had been used enough to.this methed of address since they were children, but this time it sounded so strange that Carol caught Jill's eye and had to look quickly away again\u2014\u201cI want you to be very happy here.\u201d There were several possible answers to this, none of which seemed exactly suitable.They contented themselves with looking Intelligent, and Carol poured out a second cup of tea.\u201cSo good for you to have this beau- tifui air.Selwyn and I are very happy about it.\u201d They said they vere very glad too.\u201cAnd the house is nice, and the people.Not\u2014quite, perhaps, some of them\u201d\u2014she shrugged her shoulders gracefully\u2014\u201cbut very well- A I myself shall know everybody, of course, within reason.Your\u2014Selwyn naturally wishes it In his parish, And you children can be nice to everybody.* * * You understand me?\u201d They said they did understand her.Jill stared hard at the ceiling, which was patterned with scrolls of inse- cure-looking plaster.\u201cThe only trouble,\u201d their mother went on, \u201cis about the bath.\u201d \u201cOh?\u201d said Jill politely.\u201cFes, the bath.Dear Selwyn meant very well, I am sure, but men don't understand.A little more outlay, while he was on the work\u2014not that he had the money, it is true.I'm not blaming him, and such a lot of painting and papering into the bargain.You children won't be able to bath every day, though.That's what I mean.Every two, or three, or perhaps four, and you must tell Mimosa at teatime, so that she can stoke up the fire.Don't forget that, will you?Such a little more money would have made all the difference.If I had had another hundred or two, I wouldn't have grudged it for an Instant.\u201d Jill glanced sharply at her mother.So that will rankled, did it?Or was she only straying haphazard from topic to topic, as she had always done?There was no chance to decide, for at that moment the front door bell rang.(To be continued) This 1s no Jairy tale.It is a story of real people in real lije\u2014of people whose doors, shut to their neighbors, are opened to our readers.Two sisters, living in a little unspoiled town on the east coast of Britain are sud- denjy compelled to earn a livelihood.One goes to London, the other remains in Strair.Their various adventures, are graphically described until they find what they are looking for in an ending that does not sacrifice probability to happiness.The author has a direct and pleasant style, a sense of humor and a sense of life.This story \u201cCastle Walk\u201d is one of the recommended novels of the Book Guild in Britain, The instalment given in this paper ts a kind of \u201cpreview\u201d to give readers tions sent in immediately will be in time to get the Witness issues containing all the instalments of this story, hich formally begins on March 31.SPECIAL SEED SOWING OFFER The WITNESS (Outlook) .ON TRIAL From date subscriptions reach us to the end of 1937 3for $1.néditional single subscriptions under this offer 35cts each.With the exception of addresses in Grenter Montreal this offer is good throughout Canada, Nfid.and Be.W.Indies.sample of the story.New subsorip- WITNESS.and Casadlan Homestead, MARCH 10, 1037.The Problem of Democracy \u2014is to secure effective action \u201cLittle drops of water Little grains of sand\u201d AT'S a parable of ihe importance of each ind vidual citizen to the well-being of society as a whole.* * * To that end every citizen counts.Either he is a plus or a minus.He cither helps to promote a well-ordered society, or \u2014 by definite opposition, or worse still, by a slothful apathy and inertia\u2014he is a burden on the back of those who are on the march.\u2019 * * x We must eaok \u201cleave it to George\u201d in respect to things which we cannot do.But \u201cGeorge\u201d must leave to each of us the things ke cannot do\u2014or that we carn.better or more easily do.\u201cGeorge\u201d should not be allowed to kave all the fun of the adventure of doing some hard thing.* * * The readers of the Witness may leave it to the editors to provide the best weekly menu that the resources will afford.But the editors may surely leave it to the big family of readers to invite their friends to the feast.SOW Some Witness Wiarton, Ont GEEFSIpE ptrésite sid: : : 5 ë § New Witness Yours sincerely, (Mrs.J.F.) Mary J.Uren.sub- Vancouver, B.C.Dear Sirs:\u2014We te the sincere frank edi of the WITNESS Outlook, and inclose two subscriptions.Yours truly, Mrs, A.MacKenzie, È Wavwota, Sask.Dear Su:\u2014Enclosed find $3.78 for five WITNESS democracy, because you show forth the truth and the world must see the truth to choose the truth, I make personal sacrifice to put your paper in the follow- (Mrs.S.) M.Rogers.St.Stephen, N.B.Ë Sir: I enjoy all your publications but es- the WIINESS Ontleek.Would know how to get along without enclose $5 for list of subrs.Elizabeth Matheson.it I Preeceville, Sask.Enclosed find §1.00 for which please send me coples of Witness of Dec.2nd for distribution.While not church members we also receive the commendation of all be levers in Democracy.Yours truly, M.H.FBELET.Seeds of good \"Citizenship Appreciations Vietorls, B.C, Dear Sirs:\u2014Having read with much pleasure a few copies of your publication WITNESS Outlook I was gres Tess, - od by many of the articles in them.was specially interested In your leadig are ticles and must say great credit is due to you for the straightforward and frank opinions contained in them.It is indeed a pleasure in these days to find à writer who is not \u201cmuxxled\u201d I therefore enclose my aubacription.Yours r fully.\" .W.Q.Brown, Dalhousie Jct.renaw my subscription, * * * Mr.and Mrs.H.Parsons.Golden Thread Melfort, Sask.Dear Sir: I enclose §1.50 to renew my subscription for the WITNESS\u2014Outiook.When in col- y have received it ever since.In the fnter- vening years many changes have takes place, but there has always been a golden thread through the seemingly tangled skein, but I rejoice that one publishing firm can take a decided stand for moral and ous Progress io Canada and throughout the Your well-wisher, JAS.M.AUSTIN.NOW John Dougall & Son, Publishers, P.O.Box 3070, Montreal, SEED SOWER'S COUPON 1937.sory Sender's name and Dear Sirs\u2014Sharing in the 7-Year-Piaa I am.to tending its circulation among my friends.Se oto I enclose the following sul in the publication of the Witness by ex- hecriptions; "]