Witness, 21 avril 1937, mercredi 21 avril 1937

[" Rs \u2014though differing in opinion and method toward a better world Established 1865 VoL XCIL No, 16 Mrahe (anaca =D R Dmg.WITNESS EDITORS: Joum Douçarr, Founder, 18451870 Jorw Repravm Dovcatn, 18701034 Famæicx B, DoveAls, 1934\u2014 The present Bditer is the sele propristor.Address all business matters to the Firm or quote Wihness ediorial, subject to the aire o Pared 0057 0 pale would be contaifing eny such quetation.JOHN POUGALEL & BON, Publishers, P.0.Bez 20% Montreal, Canada, Cable Address: WITNESS Msmtreal Entered as Sscond-class mutter July 18, 1806, at Offes at St Albans, Vermont, under the Se ar à, 107 (Bec.520, P.L.and R.).The Week\u2019s Outlook NON-INTERVENTION IN EFFECT T long last the plan of 27 nations for control of the Spanish coasts and frontiers is in effect.Floets of Britain, France, Italy and Germany are patrolling the coasts, while a cordon of observers is checking entry into Bpain across the Portuguese border and from France across the Pyrenees.The irony of the whole affair is.that #0 large a share of the enforce- of neutrality is left in the hands of the three nations which.have not only persistently violated that neutrality but were participators from the beginning in the revolt to which all three, desiring to extend the Fascist sway, were privy.No won- the Spanish Government is balk- at any sort of control to be reised by her most relentiess ene- REF A i | E Ë 3 2 8 3a 4 Le Montreal, in a letter which ppeared a few weeks ago in this paper stated categorically that Italian ships then working under the Non- Intervention Committee's control plan which is now \u201cperfected\u201d were doing their patrol duties during the day all too few features of this civil war which do not bring a blush of shame to the cheeks of all members of the British Commonwealth who are jealous of the high reputation that Brit- aln won in the past for help and encouragement of nations struggling for freedom.In every, admittedly difficult, decision that the British Cabinet has made in recent weeks, the ocale has Invariably been turned against the legitimate Government and in favor of the rebels.The failure of the British Government to escort British food ahipe\u2014carrying cargoes which are not banned by the Non-Intervention agreement \u2014 into Sarving Bilbao contrasts too uncomfortably with the speed at which British food ships proceeded to Malaga immediately that port fell into the hands of the rebels.Official wam- ings as to the perils of trying to reach Bilbao do not stand well alongside the fact\u2014news of which reaches us at the time of going to press\u2014that a British ship with a week's supply of food has eluded the rebel blockade to land its freight in Bllbao.The British Oab- inet is producing some very unhappy reading matter for future British students of the Spanish civil war.On the various fronts in Spain the Government is still stoutly holding iis own, maintaining the offensive tn every quarter except Bilbao, where the Basque Government is being ham pressed.It is significant that while three months ago, the various chan- celloride of Europe were looking to am early Fascist victory, the talk now is largely of the possibility of a stalemate and compromise between the rebels and loyalists.Continued Ital- lan reverses raise the possibility that Dino Grandi's truculent prophecy in London that no Itallan \u201cvolunteers\u201d would leave Spain before the war ended might be fulfilled in a sense quite different from that which he intended.Meantime the Spanish people are being bombed and starved and worse\u2014and our \u201cChristian civilization\u201d passes by on the other side! What a million pities the League of Nations is not in a position to undertake to adjudicate between the factions in Spain and send the interfering nations about their own business.If it could do that in Spain it could yet do it for China, Ethiopia and other more or less unhappy peoples.THE DECLINE OF FASCISM Eas are not going 20 well for \"Æ Fascism these days.The repeated rout of.Itallan forces in Spain, the failure of the Spanish rebels to make good their boast of speedy conquest in spite of Italian and German aid, and the obvious incompetence of the Spanish rebel leaders have served to puncture the bluff of the efficiency of dictatorships.More damaging than any other factor\u2014however lightly Hitler and Mussolini regard its the demonstration of the moral bankruptcy of these governments of force and fraud in their continued despatch of assistance to the rebels In spite of their solemn pledges to desist from \u2018all intervention.\u2018The latest news is that German and Itallan \u201cvolunteer\u201d airmen, with war planes and equipment have arrived to bolster up the drooping spirits of the Franco battalions.In Belgium the pretensions of Mr.Degrelle, the would-be , Mussolini of his country, were badly deflated in a Brussels constituency where the Prime Minister, Mr.Van Zeeland, accepting à challenge from the Fascist leader, acored an overwhelming victory, winning the seat which had gone to the \u201cRexists\u201d (Fascists) in the previous election when the democratic vote was much divided.Britain\u2019s Mussolini, Sir Oswald Mosley, has not yet got above the stage of a figure of fun, but his bid for power has cost him so much that even his great private fortune, supplemented by grants from foreign powers, is feeling the strain, He hinted to his followers the other day that he might no longer be able to meet the demands made upon him.Hard on the his former lieutenants who complain of Mosley's slavish adherence to foreign methods and ideals.They want a British brand of Fascism, which is something akin to asking for a white blackbird.There may be connection 1,318 New Te all co-opefators whe, so far, Indeed, in the name of Canada, dene for Canada.that most of its membership is in Fascism for what they hope to get out of it.Rumania has clamped down on its variety of Fascism, the Iron Guard, 80 thoroughly that young Prince Nicholas eagerly looking for support against his brother, King Carol, has been compelled to disavow all connection with this organization that has not attempted to hide its affiliation with Itallan and German Fascism, In Hungary, Premier Koloman Dar- anyl has warned that short shrift awalils any attempt at dictatorship of any stripe in that country.Daranyl declared that all the nation\u2019s tasks can be accomplished within the framework of the present constitution.His statement is true of every nation that has representative and responsible government.The glamor that dictatorship has held for sinister and unintelligent elements in every nation is wearing somewhat thin.How many Canadians would choose today between life here and life in either Italy or Germany?How many Germans, attached as they are to the Pather- land, would like to escape from under the heavy hand of dictatorship?A BIT OF HISTORY HEN the Irish Free State was created fifteen years ago à Constitution was drafted by a Committee over which.General Michael Collins first presided.The Committee consulted the constitutions of most democratic countries as well as of the British Dominions, also studying the history of the events which led to their adoption.The result was à Constitution with all modern improvements.The Constitution was generally approved by the country, was adopted by the Dall and passed by the Senate.From the beginning there was à strong dissentient minority led by Mr.de Valera.The upshot was a_ Civil War, involving considerable loss of life and destruction of property.Censtitution-Making THE dissentient party\u2014now in power as & Government, \u2014has drawn up another Constitution.It provides for a President elected by the people as the head of the Irish Free State; a Prime Minister, with Cabinet, as the executive; a two-chamber Parliament, the Lower Chamber to be popularly elected as at preeent, the The \u201cPresident\u201d takes the place formerly held by the Governor-Gen- oral as official head of the Btate.The King disappears as far as internal affairs are concerned.In external affairs the association of the Free Stats With the British Commonwealth | Already Received and every mail swells the number express the appreciation of the great nation-wide family of Witness readers, editers and staff.Subscribers have taken part in this drive, we we thank them, for their work was of Nations remains.Mr.de Valera has stated that should a republic be achieved for the whole of Ireland the new Constitution will not require a word of aKeration.He, however, has made no more definite move toward a Republic.The Constitution will be submitted to the vote of the people probably at the general election that is due this year.A radical minority opposes I, much as de Valera opposed the former Constitution, but from all accounts the new dissentients have little hold in the country.The people of Ireland do not want another Civil War.Mr de Valera\u2019s Government has just presented a very satisfactory financial statement.Sean MacEntee, the Finance Minister, says that the country is \u201cstronger in will, stouter in heart and more confident of its future than it was at this time five years ago,\u201d when his party took office.In spite of the \u201cRepublican\u201d Constitution, relations between Britain and Ireland are growing more friendly.The stateamanship that gave the Irish people full power to control their own affairs is proving itself à successful experiment.MR.HEPBURN AND THE STRIKE REMIER HEPBURN'S high-hand- ed attitude is calculated to excite and aggravate trouble between Labor and Capital.He is at present the chief obstacle to such a settlement as since a public man manifested such lack of Hepburn's talk about licensing the workers\u2019 unions in order to keep their dues from crossing the border into the hands of foreign agitators is another factor of trouble.Strange that, almost in the same breath, he expressed his preference for the American Federation of Labor, which is equally foreign.Where is his consistency?Might such an act not establish à precedent that could be equally exerted against investment in any alien service?What, in principle, is the difference between paying an insurance premium, say a group premium, to an American company, and paying dues to an American Labor organization, especially if it be in fact international, for its help in time of need.It is out of date, behind the \u2018times, quite old-fashioned to holler, \u201cWe'll have no truck nor trade with the Yankees.\u201d Yet Mr.Hepburn\u2019s new-found admiration for the American Federation of Labor under Mr.William Green will deceive nobody, least of all the work- ors in whose interests he professes te act.He explains his eagerness te thwart Mr.Lewis, the leader whom fare ne an important section of Labor is now preferring, lest that gentleman should proceed to organise the mipers of Ontario.Can it be possible that desire to please the men who have made fortunes out of exploiting the mineral wealth of the province is at the back of his desire to checkmate John L.Lewis?Are \u201cour\u201d mining and motor corporations not largely owned and controlled by \u201cAmericans\u201d?Surely Labor has the right to be as broadly American as is Capital, and an equal right to select its leadèrs and spokesmen.In these ways the two countries are being economically and socially knit together.And we, who look forward to the day when \u201call men shall brothers be,\u201d hail every evidence of beneficent interrelationship and mutual service.Only on those lines will we find increasing international goodwill.What are tariff walls and oaths of allegiance mixed with pride and prejudice toward the alien; are they not in effect the seeds of hate and of war?Surely the world has had evidence enough of the evils of over- stressed nationalism and imperialiom.Chodience te Law ERSTANDING of law and obed- jemce to it simplifies life.See bow the laws of metallurgy liave been studied, for the mining and motor car by eminent and thetr stafls in wonderful labora- we do not believe in coercive except for restraining ignorant children, lunatics and criminals who would use their freedom to injure either themadives or their fellows.Goodwill conferences cost less and accomplish more than threats or acts of coercion.Mr.Hepburn calls Mr, Lewis \u201ca foreign agitator.\u201d Does Mr.Hepburn not know that people who live in glam houses should not throw stones?It is infinitely worse to have * WITNESS and Canadien Homestead, APRAL 82, 2007.° = fore he purmes- his present THE NATIONAL RAILWAYS AGAIN IN DANGER CKNOWLEDGING that irresponsible duplication of railway lines has loaded upon Canada the greatest railway burden in the world, it seems a queer sort of logic which calmly ac- Quiences in the continuation and extension of thât duplication.By the granting of a charter to the Quebec Goldfields Railway to employees of the Canadian Pacific Railway, acting as dummies for that corporation, sanction has been givem to the construction of wholly unnecessary lines to serve regions which the Unaadian National Rallways opened up at considerable cost and which are now being given excellent service.That charter was granted om the ground that it afforded a direct route from Abitibi and Northern Temiskaming to Montreal.The Canadian National contention in opposition to the granting of that charter was that the na- A similar situation has arisen thinly veiled attempt of the Canadian Pacific Rallway, in an application for the chartering of the Temiskaming and Abitibi Railway, à route closely parallelling the of the Canadian National Rall- presently under construction be- Rouyn and Senneterre.It isa attempt to cut in on traffic the Canadian National has right, by reason of having de- and served the territory at exepnse from the firat.This line, if permitted, will add nothing to GE i 3s TL H donment of duplicate lines of railway.This has been done somewhat half- Sir Edward's Testimony SIR EDWARD BEATTY in his numerous speeches has repeatedly stressed the tremendous national debt ready existed.But he does not like to be reminded that his own compeny was a leader in that wrong by parallelling the old Grand Trunk Railway.In more than one of his addresses oc- ours the following sentence: \u201cLarge corporations, even those confronted with a highly competitive condition, would be wise to respect the integrity of each other's investment and restrict duplication and waste to a minimum, and the same observation would apply with even greater force in competition with a private enterprise.\u201d Rvidently Sir Edward, who correctly used the word \u201cwaste\u201d as the only adequate synonym for duplication be- under way.This time it is much more subtle than the campaign of earlier Ë à 8 Ë 8 q COLONIZATION DIFFICULTIES R.J, F.Pouliot, LP, claims that so far as his Temliscouata constituency is concerned, \u201ccolonisation\u201d has been carried out In à very imperfect manner, \u201cThe idea of certain are making good under the acheme.They are, however, families where the heads of the household are of good physique and the husband at least has had some experience in farm work.According to Mr, Pouliot, a very large proportion have had no sach experience.To strand such families in out-of-the-way districts must have put them in a worse plight than Robinson Crusoe.He at least was landed on a sub-tropical island where food 2 7 f g 23 people, and territory, or raw materials and opportanities-not only within nations, but among all the nations of the worid-\u2014is immediately imperative, The people who see their commerce stified by lack of opportunity to trade with others, the nations that are find- WITNESS and Canadian Hemestend, APRIL 21, 1967.here in Canada we need to study bet- distribution.But of one thing we convinced.Our safety does not policy of national selfishness exclusiveness, \u2018France in Syria By Paul Olberg, in the Contemporary Review (London).HE Mandate policy pursued by France in Syria has achieved exactly the reverse of what was desired, namely the union of the national elements in the various \u201cStates.\u201d Generally mistaken were thé tactics of employing the Christians as allies against the Moslems; for the Maronites, and also most of the other Christians, feel closely united with their Syrian home.They have proved this unity conclusively more than once.As already intimated the dissatisfaction found expression in risings.Owing to the frequent riots and smoldering discontent among the population, France was compelled to maintain large military forces.Thus the expenses for the French army in Syria for 1929 amounted to 271 million francs.According to the statement of Pertinax in the \u2018Echo de Paris\u2019, the French budget has been burdened of late years by 160 million francs annually for the French troops \u2018Ouevre\u2019 also holds the view that the Mandate over Lebanon and Byna costs France a very great deal and requires 13,000 French troops.According to this paper the French commitments for these two countries amounted to about 350 million francs, whilst the troops alone devoured the gigantic sum of 160 million francs.The last period under Count de la Martel falled to bring either order or peace into the country.Like General Gouraud, a man of the old diplomatic school, he planned great economic schemes, but soon abandoned them in order to devote himself to \u201chigh politics.\u201d In the sphere of internal policy, he started his \u201capproaches\u201d to the representatives of the nation with the dissolution of Parliament, without summoning it again.His rigorous police system led, finally, to the above- mentioned January rising.In the critical days he assumed an aggressive attitude which aggravated the situation.Almost the whole time he held office in an atmosphere of suspicion.In political circles in Syria it was considered practically certain that he would not return to Beirut.This, however, was not the case; but it is to be hoped that he will now pursue a conciliatory policy in the spirit of the new treaty.Syrian Independence SYRIA'S demands have been made known on various occasions.They \"were clearly formulated, for example, in the petition of the Syrian delega- tim to the Mandate Commission of the League on February 11th, 1927.\u201cAbove all the Syrians demand their full independence, like other civilized countries.They also demand the full exercise of their national sovereignty.They, ask, therefore, to be admitted to the League of Nations, that is, they wish to be in possession of all the Tesults of real juristic Independence.In recognition of the sacrifices made by France in Syria and Lebanon, the representatives of the Syrian and Lebanon people will recognise France's right to certain economic advantages, which may b¢ summed up as follows: the issue of loans, the development of the Syrian army, the creation of a French naval base on the Syrian coast, and, finally, the drawing up of & treaty of mutual defence In the event of danger\u201d These demands included all the items brought forward by the Syrian delegation at the treaty negotiations in Paris.The chief Points were the restoration of the constitution: abolition of the Mandate, the failure of which has become Qbvious; a declaration of the absolute independence of Syria and recognition of the unity of the country in the territorial post-war divisions when the Mandate was introduced; the concluding of a treaty with France after the pattern of the treaty between Iraq and England.These demands were accepted by Count de la Martel, after the fifty days\u2019 strike of the Syr- lan people in 1935, as a basis for negotiations.After several months of negotiation the treaty was at last concluded.All the questions concerning the relations between Syria and France have been regulated.The chief clause contemplates the dissolution of the Mandate in three years\u2019 time, when Syria, supported by France, is to enter the League.Meanwhile direct French rule is to yleld to native government, Syrla is to be awarded the most far- reaching rights in administration, law, finance and customs.The management of the so-called mutual interests, which rested in the hands of the Mandate government, is to b3 transferred to the Byrian Government.Special clauses regulate the rights of the French and of French undertakings in 8yria.French military occupation is to be maintained to defend \"the frontiers, but the troops are to be decreased and limited to certain districts.A committee has been appointed to raise money for the future army and navy.This organization has decided to exact from every able- bodied inhabitant a minimum subscription of a franc a month; no provision is made for a maximum subscription.Simultaneously, groups are Deing organised for military training.\u201cMr.Hepburn\u2019s red-blooded patriotism and determined statesmanship have been applauded by newspapers and individuals throughout Canada irrespective of party and by an influential section of the United States press,\u201d says the Montreal Gazette in commenting on the Ontario Premier's war with John L.Lewis and the Committee of Industrial Organisation which is seeking to enrol Canadian workers in an International trade union.Can this be the same Mr, Hepburn, whom the Gazette denoune- ed 20 vehemently when he cancelled the contracts of the Ontario Hydro with the Quebec power companies, to which \u201cthe business man's paper\u201d so consistently toadies?(QUESTIONS are easy to ask.And many will undértake to \u201ctell the world\u201d \u201cright out in mestin'\u201d exactly \u201cwhen.\u201d Mr, Cheap Plosity, who s0 often stages himself on holy ground, will amugly quote Scripture\u2014and do it as aptly as did the Devil to the yearning Christ.Canada\u2019s largest fire mutual insurance company, the Wawanesa Mutual Insurance Company, reports its best year up to date.Operating under Dominion registry and protection, it serves more Canadians than does any other fire company.There is little doubt that the co-operative ideal will extend in the field of insurance of all kinds.The C.N.R.Dollar LABOUR.Labour got the bulk of the Canadian National Railways \"dollar in 1936.The above diagram shows the proportion of expenditures of every dollar of revenue taken in by the National System during the year.« Pioneers! O Pioneers! The vanguard of mankind is not truly its present leaders, but an army cf immortal names from all recorded history.XVI.WHITMAN ROPHET of democracy and America\u2019s greatest poet was Walt Whitman, born 118 years ago on Long Island, New York, of à line of Dutch and English farming folk.For a few years he attended a school in Brooklyn where his father had given up farming for carpentry, and as a youth he worked in a printing shop, taught classes, and wrote items for the newspapers.For a dozen years after coming of age he wandered up and down the country, working as a printer, editing papers in New Orleans and again in New York, but chiefly storing up Impressions of the free, expansive, sometimes turbulent life of the American States of those days.At thirty-six he published his first poems, and as they wore not pretty sentiments arranged in Jingling lines, many people found them objectionable.The form was irregular and without rhyme, in fact the first \u201cIree verse\u201d.The matter was unconventional in the extreme.But men who had a strong \u2018feeling for life along with their Hterary taste recognised his genius.They welcomed a post whose style was essentially that of the old Hebrew prophets, perhaps because his theme was not greatly different.Whitman was clearly intoxicated with the vision of an unconquered continent being assalled by a hardy race which had escaped from the hands of kings and aristocrats.He saw America as offering an unprecedented opportunity for the apbuilding of à new civilisation, freer and more virile than any of the Old World civilizations.\u201cHave the elder races halted?.We take up the task eternal, and the burden.and the lesson, Pioneers! O Ploneers!\u201d There came the rebellion of the Southern alave-holding States, and Whitman joined the Northern army as an ambulance attendant, serving through the years of Clvil War.Lincoln became his hero; and in the poems entitled \u201cDrum Taps\u201d he expressed his faith that out of the horror of warfare would arise a stronger democracy.It may have shocked this faith somewhat to become himself a victim of the narrowest official spite: for after the War, on the grounds that some of his writing was improper, ne was dismissed from a government clerkship.Only after a public controversy was he given another position.A few years later he retired to Camden, New Jersey, having suffered a stroke of paralysis; and there he lived quistly until his death at the age of seventy-three.G.McL.\u201cPadlock Law\u201d Denial of British Liberty It is to the shame of their British heritage that not an English.member of the Legislature, nor a Chamber of Commerce, nor a Board of Trade, nor a service club nor a society of English.Irish, Scottish or Welsh members rosé to voicé a murmur of protest against Quebec's padlock law R.L.Calder, KCo told an audience in the American Prese byterian Church, Montreal, on April 16 Mr.Calder, well-known Montreal lawyer.was speaking in conjunction with aa address by Roger N.Baldwin, director, American Civil Liberties Union.Mr.Baldwin told of the aims, work and hopes of the Union, and discussed the spread of its efforts throughout the world.The meeting was held under the auspices of the newly-formed Civil Liberties Union of Canada.The League for cial Reconstruction joined the new greup for the meeting.Mr.Calder in an impassioned address Was most caustic about the fact the padlock law bill does not define Communism or Communistic activity, The law he described as \u201cone of the most retrogressive pieces of legislation since the days of the Tudors, unless you are of Fascist tendencies.when you might consider it one of the greatest steps towards a Fascist state\u201d There was no law in recent history which conferred upon any man such wide powers of \u201cdictatorship\u201d as the padlock law gave the Attorney-Gen- eral of Quebec, Mr, Calder declared.The definition of Communism, he continued; presumably \u201cexisted only in the Attorney-General\u2019s cranium.\u201d .He was disappointed enough when the Government members voted to a man for the bill.But when the Liberals did the some thing, \u201cLiberalism in this Province wrapped itself in its shroud and laid itself in its coffin,\u201d he continued.Further Mr.Calder charged.not one daily newspaper in the Province had raised its editorial voice against the law.The passage of the bill was \u201cthe darkest hour of my life as a citizen of Canada and a Scotsman.\u201d To those who might suggest that if he didn't like the laws of Quebec he should \u201cget out\u201d Mr.Calder replied that an ancestor had turned the first sod in the province 300 years ago, and he intended to stay here.He offered to defend without payment anyone in the audience prosecuted under the law for taking his advice to rip off any padlock placed on a building by virtue of the act.Mr.Baldwin in a passing reference to Canadian conditions suggested Premier Mitchell Hepburn of Ontario, regarding his action in the Oshawa strike, was \u201cinfected with the same kind of virus which runs in the veins of (William Randolph) Hearst (United States publisher) if he insists on characterizing the striké as the work of Communists.\u201d The only regulations in any way sime ilar to Quebec's padlock law in the United States are those rulings which pro hibit.in effect, teachers from even mentioning the word the speaker continued.As far as the Civil Liberties Union was concerned, it leaned neither to the Left nor to the Right.In fact, concurrently it hed defend~d the Ku Klux Klan against the persecution of Roman Catholics, and Roman Catholic teachers against similar persecution by Ku Klux Klan-domin- ated school boards, he declared.He might summarize the work of the League, the speaker suggested, by holding that: \u201cWe cannot be free unless Jehovah's Witnesses are free.\u201d There can be no question of helping Communists and denying the right to Fascists.\u201cBut non-partisan as our activities must be in the name of a principle, we cannot be blind to the fact that democracy today gains strength only as it arouses the political support of the forces headed for industrial democracy.The most heartening development to that end since the catastrophe of Hitler's triumph in Germany, due to the disunity of his opponents.is the rise of the popular front movements, uniting every political and working class organization from Centre to Left.France has succeeded by this new unity in beating back Fascism.The democratically-elected Popular Front Government of Spain, attacked by armed revolt, presents today the crucial test of democratic forces against Fascism.On the outcome of that struggle depends the survival of democracy as a force, together with the chance for international peace.For if the Fascist forces win, they will continue to spread and engulf one country after another in Europe.until - international war inevitably arises from the conflict.To the degree, therefore, that democracy speeds the peaceful pro- cass of change, it creates the chief foree for the defeat of reaction,\u201d he continued.Dr.W.A, Gifford, of the United Theological College.was in the chair.\u2014Mont real Gazette report.\u201cCommunism,\u201d TELL YOUR FRIENDS Witnene on trial from May 1st te end of 1937\u20148 months\u2014gow only 38 ota.Twn such for 50 cts.For places calling for extra postage see Page & Letters ON LETTING OFF STEAN (To the Editor of the Witness) 8ir:\u2014I was rather amused with tbe Blind-Passion letter in last week's paper, like the writer, my besetting sin them) is a habit of getting up R WITNESS sad Canadien Homestead, APRIL 22, 1907.glecting to mall same, with the consequence that my drawers are full of these letters to the editor, and, going over them months after, I often wonder how I ever came to write such trips.There duty to protest, but protest can be made in a dignified, Christian spirit, without losing its force.Much as I love the Witness, I still often notice articles which 1 cannot agree pain much and find so much of good that I am content to let the good counterbalance the alight evil.Without tolerance we cannot make Canada a land to love, not forgetting, however, that Toleration hath its griefs And hearacy its trials.You, are to be commended upon the restraint you showed in your comment upon Mr.Hagerman's letter.Bethany, Ont.Geo B.Simpson.Not in the Headlines\u2014of the Popular Press From the Nofrontier News Service.BSwitserland of 1937 reminds one of the Switzerland of November, 1913.At that time the country was in the grip of à widespread Red-scare.The entire militia, the army, and the volunteer corps were mobilised, while various industrial centres were occu- pled by.military forces.The Bolshevist bogey has proved useful in various countries in aiding the government in putting over its program with the apathetic and ill-informed masses.Now many of the leading Swiss dailies have started another campaign against the spectre of Communism.From the press and the platform warnings are issued of the necessity of strong measures unless the country would become a vassal of Soviet Russia.To an impartial observer this Red-scare seems rather fantastic, especially after he has checked up on the dwindling strength of the Communist Party in Switzerland.Nonethelses, certain cantons have introduced new laws prohibiting Swiss eitisens accused of \u201csubversive ideas\u201d from getting posts in the captonal and federal secretariats.Moreover, the Grand Council of Neuchatel has just outlawed the Communist Party and \u201call subversive political associations\u201d by a vote of 55 to 33.Furthermore, the Swiss press which a few years back could boast of its impartial and objective news service and editorials has, on the whole, turned definitely fascist.In order to discover the reasons for this Red-scare, a number of Swiss intellectuals and ardent democrats have initiated a non-official enquiry.They decided that the chief factor in this reactionary movement has been the influence of the fascist or semi-fascist neighbors.They fear that the Nazis are planning to incorporate all Ger- man-speaking people within the Reich.And three-fourths of Switser- land is German-speaking.In order to overcome the \u201cobstinate opposition\u201d of Swiss democrats, the country is being prepared by Red- scare propaganda.The general argument runs as follows: Democracy has had its day; unless we become fascist, the Communists will plunge the country into a bloody turmoil.Just look at Spain! The peace movement is also suffering through this reaction.Pacifists are being lumped with Communists as \u201csubversive elements\u201d, and attempts are being made to suppress anti-war publications.WOMEN'S WORK IN BUNGARY The Annual Meeting of the Femin- istak Egyesulsie, the Hungarian section of the Women's international League for Peace and Preedom, was concerned wiih problems of peace and PF.B.regard it as a tribute to portance of the soclely's work all women's groups, this order enforced most strictly against the P.B There was great intercst in matter of women's rights A memorandum was sent to the government garian women demanding more rights for women was made in 1790, that ls, almost 150 years ago.This appeal to the National Assembly antedated Mary Wollstonecraft\u2019's famous book, \u201cVindication of the Rights of Women,\u201d by two years.This English \u201chyena in petticoats\u201d started the femb ist movement.Suffrage for women is today on a very restricted basis.Suffrage reform is definitely endorsed by various pol- tical parties and the women are demanding complete equality with \u201che men.A close watch is to be kept on legislators and journalists as to their attitude toward women and the voters will be advised accordingly.How necessary this action is was shown by the recent \u201creform\u201d of the Lawyers\u2019 Chamber which virtually barred women from the legal profession.\u2018This \u2014 , too, 1s to be fought vigorously.MEXICAN WORKERS HATE WAR Mexico, D.F.\u2014Thg employees of the Talleres Grafico de la Nacion (Government Printing Office) have installed in their offices a statue ahow- ing workers resisting the onslaught of a tank.This plant is probably the only government institution in the wozid operated solely by the workers.The 700 employees elect the Workers\u2019 Technical Council which is responsible for the management of the biggest printing plant in the country.This arrangement has been in effect for one year, during which, for the first time in its history, the plant ran à surplus.This was used to raise wages about 30 percent, to found a workers' clinic and dispensary, to install new machinery, to bulld and stock a new library, and to pay for artistic adornments of the shop.During the year a new paper-dry- ing machine was needed.Since the only one on the market was made in Naxi Germany, the workers designed - and built a machine of their own.18 THERE STILL AN INTERNATIONAL \u2018MORALITY?The Swiss government has closed down the Ethiopian consulate in Bern.Hearing of this action, the Negus sent a letter of protest to the Federal Council in which the fallowing passage occurs I wish wholeheartedly that God may preserve the Swiss people from every aggression and from the terrible suffering which the Ethiopian people endured at the hands of an aggressor.® ¢ + By depriving the Ethiopian people of the protection of its consul in Bern, the Swiss Federal Council does a great and inexcusable wrong.The government of the country which houses the League of Nations now gives this heavy blow to a people which is being tortured by a powerful aggressor.Is there.still an international morality?! What remains now of European civilization?PORTUGUESE \u201cNEUTRALITY\u201d The country is In a welter of con- personal rights are often entirely.Those who dare to sympathy for the Spanish Government become the vie- i ernment pays no attention to the Non-Intervention Agreement which it has signed.Every day the Spanish Fascists receive help from Portugal, not only in money, but also in materials.The frontier is quite open to speech.Perhaps the clearest evidence of the spirit of narrow nationalism which dominates the present Portuguese government is the fact that all Esperanto organisations have been closed and that it is forbidden to engage in the spread of that international language.\u2019 Sporadic outbursts against the Jews In the Italian press have come as a surprise to European observers, Some of them are due to the intimate relations with Nazi Germany, particularly the friendship between General Goering and Marshal Balbo.Others are the result of thé identification of Communism with Jewry, à German accusation which does not square with the facts even in Soviet Russia, Even more important is the association of the Jews with Radical Freemasonry whose lodges Mussolini suppressed shortly after his advent to power.There have been some outstanding Jews in Italy to whom.the country is indebted.Signor Luzzattl is a former prime minister and General Lavy served in the World War.Senator Schanzer has served the Fascist government both in Geneva and in the Foreign Office as legal adviser.Signor , Nathan was formerly Lord Mayor of Rome, and Count Volpi, a descendant Journalism AS A PROFESSION By Rav.Da.JOHN HaynEs HOLMES A holy calling, a mission, a service of God through the service of man\u2014 that is what journalism IN THE Hiam- EST REACHES OF ITS ACTIVITY has become, and some day will wholly and per- Jectly and beautifully be.AS A COMMERCE From a Special Supplement of Taz New ReeusLic, March 17.Commenting on the degperate commercialization of modern journalism the New Republit in the following note told the reason why: ; .\u2026 All about us are the graves of - high-minded journals that have starvèd to death simply.because the people in whose behalf they were struggling could not be induced to support them.AS PROPAGANDA From the SATURDAY REVIEW OF * LrremaTons (New York) \u201cThe little communist review\u2014jor example, early \u2018New Theatre and early \u2018New Masses\u2014has a real chance of building up distribution, because tts zealot readers wil act as volunteer distributors, and it has a chance to raise funds for promotion from its readers.The astonishing story of how publishers and readers collaborated to lift the \u2018New Masses\u2019 from a net circulation of 6,000 at the beginning of 1034 to a net circulation of 28,000 twelve months later is a thriller to anyone conversant with the magazine game.AS A CHRISTIAN ADVENTURE [7 1s coe thing to have a philosophy of life and a program for general betterment.Ib is another thing to.have a heavenly vision of Gods King- Amsterdam \u2014A\u2018new German textbook in mathematics for.elementary schools shows how the German child is being militarized.Here are a few \u20ac : One of our bombing planes flies 280 km.per hour in day time and 240 km.per hour at night: How long would it \u2018take to cover the distances between Berlin and Prague?Munich and Strasbourg?Cologne and Metz?A squadron of 48 bombing planes is dropping bombs on an enemy city.Each plane carries 500 bombs weighing 1% kilo each.What is the total weight of the bombs?How many fires will be set if every third bomb is a hit?In the World War the Germanic allies mobilized 11,000,000 men, while herself mobilized 13,000,000, Germany's enemies mobilized 47.000.000 men.How many enemied did cach ten soldiers of Germany and her allies face on the front?The World War lasted 1,363 days.How \u2018many German soldiers gave their lite for the Fatherland every day?every hour?every minute?France with a population of 42,000,- 000 spent 10,500,000,000 francs for armed preparedness in 1934.Germany with a population of 06,000,000 spent $60,000,000 Mark during the same period.How much was spent for preparedness per person in France?in Germany?On March 16, 19835 Germany had 100,000 soldiers for the protection of a frontier 6,000 km.long.France had 600,000 soldiers for a frontier 2,700 km.long.How many soldiers were there per frontier kilometer in France?in Germany?How many soldiers ought Germany have in proportion to France?It is easy to lose or squander 30 cis.Is it easy for your friend to find a better investment for so much of his good money as your offer to forward his on-trisi to the Witness from May 1st to Dec.317 between between Diagnosed dom on Earth and to be obedient to that.And that is the difference between the propagandist press devoted to some theory and the Witness.The Witness does discuss the current ideologies, but it does so in their degree of relationship or opposition to the two great commandments given by .Our Lord.As there is no room for selfishness in such an adventure, as it counters selfishness everywhere, it can only expect the co-operation of the unselfish.Yet, as an example of what can be done in à co-operative effort of edit- \u2018ors and readers to extend the influence and service of a paper fighting for causes all of them have at heart, let us cite the results that attended an effort made earlier this year by the Christian Century, a liberal social and religious journal published at Chicago.This journal inaugurated a two months \u201cFellowship Invitation\u201d plan in enlisting new subscribers at a special offer of $1 for six months (Instead of the Witness offer to the end of 1937 for 30 cents.) Readers were supplied.upon request with Fellowship Invitations which they passed among their friends.Within three weeks 6,040 new subscribers were added and on the closing date of the plan the number of additions were a mere Handful short of the 10,000 that had been set as the goal.The addition to the subscription lists came to about 38 per cent of the farmer total.Good as this result was, i has been surpassed more than once in the history \u2018of the Witness, which has seen ita circulation figures doubled in the course of a three months\u2019 campaign.But the Christian Century achievement and the former succeases of the Witness were brought about by a general sacrificial co-operation of readers who believed sufficiently in the cause for which their stood, to go out and work in its bebaif. WALK WITNESS and Canadian By Mary Le Bas Copyright Thomas Nelson & Sons, (London) Reproduced by arrangement.FEEFLERENSERLED, eile 4 F = il gl sË SEE SEE Twenty-First Birthday | cc AN yon manage, Carol?\u201d C \u201cYes, thanks.If you'd just take the typewriter, I can\u2014 oh, look out! promise of summer.Birds were cheeping madly in the holly bush outside the study window, and the sun threw broad splashes of light upon the breakfast table.The sea, which they had greeted earlier from their bedroom windows, was blue and serene.Breakfast had been a cheerful meal, their stepfather in almost Impish good humor, Mrs.Rass, for the moment, smiling and affectionate.Now, the meal over, Carol and Jill were removing the considerable load of presents up to their bedroom.\u201cWe might leave the golf clubs down, don't you think?\u201d \u201cOh, yea.We'll be breaking them in today.\u201d They made their way up the stairs, their arms full.Carol had never suspected she had so many friends: no one seemed to have forgotten her.She was flushed with pleasure and excitement; she hurried along the corridor, and dropped packages as she went, which Jill, shaking her head tolerantiy, picked up and added to her own.They flung everything down upan Carol's unmade bed, and stood back to admire, s \u201cIt was terribly kind of Mum to \u201cOf course, you idiot.Of course you can have it, and welcome.Though I can't imagine you'll ever use it much, except to type chilling letters to Ar- \u201cAh, one never knows\u201d said Jill cheerfully.\u201cSupposing I misbehaved Pras and got thrown out, I should able type for a living.Suppos- ing\u2014\u201d \u201cI know what I'l do\u201d Carol was following her own line of thought.\u201cI'll do a letter to the Colonel now, and tell him how nice he ts\u201d She took the shining machine from pe case and sat briskly down on Jill's \u201cOh, Jil, darling, I haven't any notepaper now.\u201d Jill gazed at her.\"What a hopeless creature you are.Where is &, then?\u201d \u201cI\u2014I don\u2019t know.In the right- hand drawer, or ought to be.\u201d \u201cWell, it isn\u2019t.Here, use some of Mimosa\u2019s.I can\u2019t spend all the morning turning over your unprincipled garbage.I suppose I'd better make your bed, since I can\u2019t make my own.\u201d One of the gifts that had pleased Carol most was some surprising blue notepaper from Mimosa.She took a sheet of it, rolled it into \u2018her typewriter, and began to tap away busily.Jill, blasphemously removing the stack of presents once more, looked at Carol's mattress, thought about turning it, decided against it, and began to smooth out the sheets.\u201cShall I give him your love?\u201d enquired Carol presently.\u201cOf course.And tell him its time we saw him agaih.Tell him\u2014I know \u2014tell him to came to Strair for his summer holiday.\u201d on the neatly made bed, picked up SRÉLUEREES s-E58z\" È HL Heratds! | + Homestead, APRIL 31, 1937.one morning, not even Carol would be much the wiser, \u201cWhen are we going to have that game of golf?\u201d he said, looking at Carol.\u201cI see you're off to the links.\" He had a pleasant face, though it fully deserved Jill's description of \u201chomely.\u201d He was wrinkling up his forehead in his anxiety, and Jill, to whom this talk of a game of golf was new, looked with interest for Carol's next move.omarol looked past-Him into the post \u201cOh, I don't know,\u201d she said cas- cally, \u201cSome day later on when you're not too busy.\u201d Jill could have shaken her.The doctor looked downcast, sald well they must see about it, and burrowed quickly into the drugstore next door.Hitching up their golf bags, the two girls set off for the links - \u201c1 hope he'll arrange it soon,\u201d said Carol, gazing dreamily into thé distance, The trees down the middle of the Marketgate were in full bloom, round and symmetrical as the trees in a toy farmyard.Jill tramped on for some yards in silence.\u201cReally, Carol,\u201d she exploded at last, \u201cwhat do you think you're piay- ing at!\u201d \u201cWhat do you mean?\u201d said Carol Jil glared at her.\u201cYou know perfectly well what I mean! \u2018Some day when you're not too busy,\u2019 indeed.How many times have I told you\u2014\" Carol silenced her.\u201cHow many times have I told yeu,\u201d she said, \u201cthat your methods aren't my methods.I'm not going to lead a man on\u201d \u201cNot In any circumstances?\u201d \u201cNot in any circumstances.If\u2014 anybody doesn\u2019t want me without my \u2014doing anything, they're not going to want me any the more if they see me trying to entice them.» \u201cSee you trying to entice them!\u201d Jill groaned.\u201cOh, where's your technique?And if you call it enticing anyone to be decently civil\u2014\" \u201cOh, Jill.\u201d Carol was smiling at her ingretiatingly.\u201cOh, Jill, don\u2019t let's quarrel today.\u201d , Jill shook back her hair, and returned the smile.It was impossible to be angry with Carol; and they walked on for some way in silence.They forked right at the signpost, and came suddenly free of the houses, and in sight of the sea.The wind blew salt against their faces.The flag above the pavilion flapped ecstatically, and before them, bright and inviting, the golf links lay spread in the sun.\u201cWhat a magnificent day.1 feel Suite young and frisky.\u201d \u201cYou don't look particularly old \u201cExtraordinary,\u201d said Carol, hunting about for her ball.\u201cWe've never both done it before.Hallo\u2014look, Ji, there\u2019s some one else playing.Over there, beyond the sheep.\u201d \u201cHow nice for them,\u201d said Carol, and they thought no more about if, but went on with their game.sheep added a spice of excitement at Jill made a sympathetic noise.\u201cI like some one older, myself, went on.\u201cI can't spare the time for boys, ean you?I mean, they're so ailly.Don't you think 50?\" \u201cYes,\u201d sald Jill, with balf-closed \u201cvery silly.Carol, have you fixed up your game of poif with the doctor yet?Let me see\u2014kt's Dr.Max, isn\u2019t #?\u201d Myra looked up quickly.\u201cOh, Max?\" she said.\u201cHow funny.I play with him an awful lot.\u201d \u201cOh?What fun Is he a good player?\u201d \u201cWell, not what yowd cali good, I ; i £ if ii ef HE 1 i el ik Buk TE it ¥.Fy | | Ë i Rg i iv 2 £ } il i i i i Ë i sk EES Es Fe E fie FF it : y il : | | ie ii H | sadly for the \u201cOh, Jill, I\u2014\" pot get on.I'm broke, if you're Carol moved nervously; it was not easy to point out to their mother, especially today when she had been 80 generous, that their allowance was many days overdue; and yet they could not go on much longer with not a shilling between them.Mrs.Ross, however, made the opening herself.\u2018Well, my pel,\u201d she said, coming back into the room and picking up her basket, \u201chow nice it is that you've come into your money at last.And Jill too.Yes, Jill, on the same day.How very nice it is for both of you.\u201d She held the stocking up to her _- eyes, a8 if to calculate the lie of the hole.Jill wondered why she asemed so strung up.Carol took à deep breath.\u201cYes, Mum.Awfully nice.But, as « matter of fact\u2014\" \u201cYes, darling?\u201d .\u201cWell, Jill and I haven't got any actual money at the moment at all.We\u2014we wondered if you\u2014you see, our allowance was due a week last Thursday.\u201d Mrs.Ross put down her stocking.\u201cYour allowance, Carol?\u201d \u201cWell\u2014well yes, Mum.\u201d \u201cOh, but darling, I quite thought you understood about that.Now you've got all that money, and now are of age, and so forth\u2014how, strange it seems, my little Carol being of age.\u201d There was a moment's incredulous silence.The clock on the mantel plece ticked precisely, daintily, then gave a warning jangle as it reached the five minutes to the hour.Jill struggled to control herself.\u201cDo you mean that you're stopping our allowance?\u201d The silence held for a few moments more.Mrs.Ross seemed to be: arranging her words.\u201cNo, darling, no.You can Hardly call it that.But naturally, since your dear father thought it right to leave direct to you the money which, had ft been left to me, I should unhesitatingly have given to you in any case\u2014\u201d \u201cMum, you can't\u2014\u2014\" Jill had sprung to her feet, but Carol, her cheeks scarlet, pushed her quickly aside.\u201cAll right, Mum,\u201d she said in à voice that was quiet but as sharp as steel.\u2018All right, Mum.If you feel like that abou .Is that all?I think we'd better go and get ready for supper.\u201d She Food gazing down at her mother, her eyes bright, her breath coming q uickly.Jill tried to speak, but gun she restrained her.Mrs.Ross did not look up.\u201cAs you know, darling, Selwyn and I have Ya struggle to make botn ends mec There's 30 much that ought to be done in the house, let alone anything else.But this is your home.We both feel that.No matter about us.This is your home, and we shall always love to feel we have you here.\u201d With another preliminary whirr, the clock struck seven.\u201cMum, it's\u2014* \u201cHere's Pater,\u201d sald Caro! quickly, part in warning, part in rellef.The curtained door swung back on Hs hinges, and the Rector, beaming and rather tousied, put his head into the room.mgr Selwyn, have you been visit- \u201d He looked amiably round the room, from his wife to Jill, and from Jill to Carol.Then he wandered across and kissed his wife on the forehead.\u201cYes.Oh, yes.I had tea with the Wrights, tea with the Cruikshanks, and a cup\u2014only a cup\u2014at the Browns!\u201d Jill alipped past him, and made hur- door.He turned to Miss Florence Methven Becher, B.C * $50 Rev.James Baxter, N.8.¢ $1.20 Miss Nancy R.Tredgold, Eng.* $9 Total sa \u201cContributions in addition to the regular subscription rate.CHAPTER VI Experiment UT all the same,\u201d mid Jill, turning at the dreasing- table and continuing her tramp up and down.\u201cI don't see why we couldn't have toid her what we thought of her.\u201d They had discussed the subject from every possible angle.It was almost time for them to go to thelr bath: Jill, indeed, was abstractedly undressing as she prowled, and Carol lay on the bed in her dressing-gown, her feet bare; but it had taken over an hour's hard talking for them to work off their rage end indignation at their mother's trick.Only now were they beginning to be calm enough to make coherent plans to deal with the new situation.\u201cWe'd have put ourselves In the wrong, and done no good,\u201d sald Carol, her heels In the air.\u201cWhat was the use?She knows perfectly well what we think of her.\u201d \u201cI should hope she does, the old vixen.\u201d \u201cI wish you'd called her that,\u201d said Carol, laughing, \u201cShe\u2019d have been surprised.But honestly, there was no point in the situation unbearable.You know what zhe\u2019s like.She doesn't change her mind.\u201d \u201cNo, confound her.Never has done.\u201d hoster all we've got to go on living This time it Jill who laughed.\u201cFor y that sounds remarkably self-seeking.Girl won't give mother a piece of her mind, because she wants to have free board and lodging.I'm surprised.\u201d \u201cOh Jill, shut up!\u201d \u201cNot that you're not right.You generally are right.Here we are in Btrair, with a nice house to live In, and a nice golf course\u2014and nice doc tors\u2014and\u2014\" \u201cYou \u2014you\u2014\" Carol swallowed and glared.\u201cYou always twist things to sound beastly, Can't you see?Today of all days, when Mum's been so generous.And then there's Pater: I fon want to spoll everything for \u201cNo,\u201d agreed Jill soberly, pulling on her dressing-gown and her head.\u201cNo.We can\u2019t do that.I did \u201cYea, we'll stick it.But how do we conjure shoe-leather and new summer clothes and church collections out of the vast Inane?That's what I'd like to know.\u201d \u201cYou forget,\u201d said Carol, getting up and peering about her for her bath- towel, \u201cwe've still got that hundred pounds.\u201d Jil whistled, and stopped short in mid-prowl.She held up the cord of her.dressing-gown and looked at it intently.\u201cYes,\u201d she skid, \u201cso we have.\u201d _ A few moments later they heard their mother\u2019s quick step in the corridor.Jill made urgent signs to Carol not to let her In, but there was no knock.\u201cCarol darling, I've turned your bath on.You won't use too much water, will you?\u201d \u201cAll right, Mum.\u201d The footsteps retreated, and with a sigh of relief the two girls collected their things for the bath.They went down together, Carol\u2019s bedroom alip- pers flip-flopping on the oflcloth, for she never troubled to put her heels In properly.The vast bathroom was dim and full of shadows.A gas jet flared blue in one corner, and in another, almost lost, splashing foriorniy, was the white enamel bath.\u201cI wonder if shell improve this place now,\u201d said Jill a little bitterly.\u201cIt would take à good deal of im- water, or Troant will have to pump for hours tomorrow.\u201d \u201cYes, poor man, How many pumps does hs do every morning\u2014four hun- open the door that led to the back stairs.Its hinges sang, but every one slept too far away to be disturbed.The kitchen, when they stumbled into it, was impenetrably dark.Muttering, Jill lit her way to the gas bracket, struck a match, arid watched the incandescent mantle brighten.\u201cHere it all is,\u201d she said, discovering a tray with two cups, a teapot, and an enormous jug with a few tablespoons of milk in it.\u201cMimosa\u2019s she keeps the biscuits?\u201d \u201cI don't think\u2014I know.In the third pantry, behind the knife ma-~ Jill plunged into the scullery, lit her way through a chain of useless caverns, arrived at the knife machine; and returned through another of the kitchens seven doors, Carol, meanwhile, was boiling water on the gas- ring, and in à very few minutes they were Rack in their bedroom, squatting before their gas fire with thé tray between them.\"Well, now,\u201d said Carol, refiectively pouring out, \u201cis that weak enongh, Ji?\u201d y \u201cYes, thanks.\u201d For some moments they sipped in silence.\u201cWell,\u201d said Jill suddenly, putting down her cup, \u201cwhat it comes to is this: we've got to do something.\u201d \u201cYea,\u201d said Carol, after a perceptisie use to assimilate the remark.\u201cYes, suppose we have.\u201d \u201cSomething that.pays.\u201d \u201cY_yes\u201d \u201cWhat can we do?\u201d Carol scratched her head, took a biscuit, put it down, and looked anx- jously into her teacup.qx» \u201cGive me another cup, would you?\u201d \u2018Their second cups, too, were drunk in silence.Suddenly Jill gave a chuckle of real amusement.\u201cI like our methods,\u201d she observed.\u201cHere we are, pretty desperate if not ruined, and we just sit and drink tes.\u201d \u201cOh, no, darling.\u201d Carol withdrew her gaze from the fender.\u201cOh no.I've been thinking.I've got heaps of fdeas.\u201d Jill looked at her quickly.\u201cWhat are they?\u201d ashe asked, \u201cWe can\u2014type,\u201d sald Carol slowly.\u201cYes, that's true\u2014sou can, Anyway.But what?\u201d \u201cWell, that's just it.Do you know, Jil, there isn't a single person in Strair who can type\u2014except the clerks at the bank, I suppose.But no one who does it professionally\u2014letters, testimonials, manuscripts\u2014you know the sort of stuff.I can't help thinking, now we've got that typewriter\u2014\u201d Jill's eyes lit up.\u201cBy jove, yes.Though actually\u2014oh well, I'll tell you that later.But Carol, that's a first-rate scheme.There are people Who want it.I couldn't think of any when you finst said it, but of course there are.-The Major's letters to the \u2018Times\u2019\u2014he'\u2019s always saying they'd print them if they could read his hieroglyphics And one of the doctors\u2014Willie, I think\u2014writes medi- cul articles.That would be fun.Oh yes, and you know when I went to tes with Miss Stephenson?\u201d \u201cUm?\u201d Well, she writes.Secretly and tremulously.She showed me à thing she'd written\u2014a story, I suppose.\u201cTo the Bx WITNESS and Canadian Homestead, APRIL 31, 100.\u2018Ich, tch.\u201d She hunted about.\u201cI Carol, and looked at her with hispale, dred and eighty, is it?He must hate heart of Natalie Howard, Spring must have left.No, don't you go, kind eyes.us for being ao clean.Ow\u2014it's hot, broughé no something or other.\u2019 Very lovey.I'm not at all sure where I.\u201d \u201cWell, my dear, have you had & anyway.Come on\u2014it's your tum for touching, and quite frightful, old She fluttered out of the room.Jill happy birthday?\u201d the taps.\u201d dear\u2014-but tremendously long.At one threw herself back in her chair and There was an almost im; t and threepence a thousand, you'd looked at Carol.aux gous.Then Owl shook\u2019 back her They mashed about absorbediy fof grow rich on it.\u201d \u201cNow's time,\u201d ahe said.\u201c., and smiled him, some time, their versation limited .your es, y vou.\u201d she sald.to enqul for the soap.Win a Carol turned with sudden suspicion, why do you my \u2018you'?\u201d Jill hesitated for & thoment before teplying.\u201cWell\u2014I had another idea,\u201d she said slowly.\u2018What is it?\u201d .\u201cI\u2014I thought of going away.\u201d \u201cGoing sway!\u201d Carol stared at her.\u201cGoing away from\u2014oh, Jill! I'll come too, then.\u201d J forward eagerly, her eyes \u201cYou\u2014\" Suddenly she çlased her paused, and asemed to be choosing other words than she hac planned.\u201cNo, Carol.No, darling.You stay here.That typing is the very thing.It had'nt occurred to me.You must stay.\u201d Bhe sat back against the foot of the ¥ life, but neither of them knew It.\u201cWell, what are you going to do?\u201d demanded Carol.\u201cWhy can't we both stay here and get what work we can?\u201d \u201cBecause,\u201d said Jill practically, \u201cthere wouldnt be enough for two.I reckon if you're frightfully lucky you'll make a few shillings a week\u2014twenty or thirty pounds a year.If you can find any child, or some such thing, who wants to learn the 'cello, perhaps a scrap more.Well, living here with practically no expenses, you might just be able to manage.Just, and no more.Two of us couldn\u2019t, though.\u201d \u201cNo,\u201d agreed Carol sadly.\u201cBut why should it be me?Why can\u2019t we \u2014oh, Jill, I wish we could both stay, or both go.\u201d \u201cBut If we were both In London, the problem would arise just the same.\u201d \u201cLenden ?\u201d Jill nodded.\u201cJill, do you mean to go to London?\u201d Jill nodded again.\u201cBut\u2014what for?\u201d \u201cI haven't the foggiest notion.\u201d Jill chuckled, and Carol, staring at \u2018her in amazement, was startied to #0 a glint of excitement in her eyes.WITNESS Week\u2019s Outlook acans the world of men and affairs and attempts that most difficult snd costly thing in journallsm, to co-ordinate man\u2019s relations with his fellows \u2014 soclal, eeonomle, political and international looking towards a new Christian: social order.With this as its standard it seeks faithfully and disinterestedly, though failibly, to interpret the news of the week.(This edition does not\u201d include \u201cOxford Group news.) REGULAR SUBSCRIPTION RATES Weekly Sc.$1.50 Yearly, (# shillings) 1 Rémewal $150 Beth 1 New Sub.136 for $1.65 Worth $3.00 (8s, 50.) 1 Renews! 312 an t NEW Subs.300 fo $225 Worih $450 9s.) Other NEW subs'ns .75 cts.each (s.).Add\" Renewal Subs'ns $1 each (is).The New Witness, channel! of Ozford 1reup new wd inspiration may »e had in combaation with look for #2.(Wort» 89.00).Of vosseriplion Le TRE NEW W:TNR0S che , Regular rate $1.50 These rates are good in Nerth America® and Br.Empire® countries\u2014®ex.ept that in the case of reduced rate subscriptions 50 cts, (26.) must be added for pretage for addresses in Greater Montreal, ot in Aus U.8.8 and Br, Sterling accepted at par Samples PRES on roquest.So as not to compromise friends the WITNESS-Outlook bk not available In censored countries.John Dougall & Svs, pedlishers, Montreal.Cansds WITNESS and Cansdian Hemestead, APRIL 31, 1997.SEVEN Par mme A \u201cI may, or may course 1 will.PI get half a dosen 'H HAIN O N jobs.TI do\u2019-\u2014aiae sighed eagerly\u2014T E C I F SILE CE % imagine wi , some- oe\u201d hema ton er B .BY HERBERT GALWAY.Carol Ti and r ur- By Special Arrangement with (he Northern Newspaper Syndicate, be chère any more tea?\u201d = Synopsis were stolen.No; Mickey's been's good With the words falling over each | peered into the pot.Kathleen MacCormack, teacher in the boy lately, and, anyway he never other, he told in rapid detail how he Ses.Plenty.I think I could do Mall school at Kilkevin, Ireland.Her touches jewels.\u201d had acraped and saved to pay the with some more myself.And a bis- Brother Dermot (a local bank clerk).The familiar form of the Christian debt, and evoked a sympathetic smile pry , it you've quite done with Tchae! Joyce, 2 stranger over on holiday name came as a sudden revelation to from the magistrate as he mentioned please, w York.Patrick Desmond, the Dan MeGrath.He took a photograph the various forms of curr that \u201cNow\u2014what Le i, Jill?You're looking s0 holy, I can see you've got something brewing.\u201d Jill took a long drink of tea, broke her biscuit in two, and abstractedly fitted it together again, The gas fire pussed happily, throwing its warm light on to their faces.\u201cI've been thinking, Carol,\u201d Jill began at last, this is a most superb opportunity.\u201d \u201cOpportunity?\u201d Carol's voice was startled again.\u201cYes.Opportunity.Opportunity to test our respective views on how to behave.They're different enough, you must admit.\u201d \u201cOh, Jill, this has nothing whatever to do with behavior.It's purely a question of earning something to live \u201cHasn't #, though?\u201d Jill chuckled.\u201cAs ye behave, so shall ye earn.I take it you're golng to be a model of propriety, Carol, even In typing?Quite.I .thought so.Nothing unseemly, no threatening lstters\u2014would you type out a threatening letter, Carol?\u201d \u201cOf course I wouldn't.\u201d \u201cNo.Of course.Well\u2014I would.\u201d Carol gazed at her, puzzled.Then, slowly, the lines on her forehead un- creased themselves, her eyes began to wrinkle up at the corners, and she amiled.\u201cI get you,\u201d she sald cheerfully.\u201cAll right, you unscrupulous little brute.You'll come to a bad end, I dare say.Well, go on.\u201d \u201cI'd do anything,\u201d announced Jill biandly.\u201cAnything that turns up.Ill never say no, unless there looks like being any real danger for me.I'll be tremendously careful of\u2014me.Good _ gracious, I'll get on, That is the way to get on, you Know.Haven't I always told you ao?\u201d \u201cYou have indeed.And haven't I always said you were wrong?\u201d \u201cYes, and that's what makes it so interesting.You'll stay here in Strair, being very good and very nite, and never doing anything that you don't approve of, and never running after the one man who could put you out of your misery\u2014\u201d \u201cSh-shut up.\u201d \u201c\u2014and twenty potnds a Year.And I'll go about London being heartily unscrupulous, and\u2014\" How are you going to begin?\u201d \u201cBegin?\u201d Jill had to pause for a æcond.\u201cOh, I shall go up to town and get somewhere to live, and buy & newspaper, and take the first vacant situation I can talk my way into.TI say I can cook, or type, or drive a an or be a mannequin, or\u2014or any- e* \u201cAnd what about the time till you tet a job?\u201d (To Be Continued.) TELL YOUR FRIENDS Witness on trial from May Ist to end of 1937\u20148 months\u2014now only 30 ois.Two such for 50 cts.For places calling for extra postage see Page 8.I CARE GRENFRLL LABRADOR MEDICAL MISSION NORTHERN MESSENGER LAUNCH 61220 61220 FRIENDLY NOME FOR YOUNG WOMEN AND BARIRS 83646 only son of a prosperous dairy farmer in Kilkevin.Dermot and a fellow clerk, Terence Ryan, motoring to the local head office of the bank with a considerable sum of money from their branch are held up and robbed by two masked men, who escape on a motor bike Terence recognizes as Paddy Desmond's.Paddy explains the motor bike was stolen from him.Later the same night the police call at Paddy's home to arrest him, but he has collected all his available money and fled.* Driven to despair, Kathleen visits Der.mot, and in a stormy interview accuses him of being a party to the robbery, and of having paid his debt to Joyce with some of the stolen notes.Dermot thinks she is derhented, but eventually convinces her that the money he paid to Joyce was honorably saved.He had to pinch and scrape to do it, but the lesson had been taken to heart and he had forsworn gambling.Dan McGrath of the police asks Kathleen to play up to Joyce in hopes of securing evidence.CHAPTER 22.APTAIN BYRNE, after his arrest of James Carberry, had thoroughly searched the room his prisoner had taken in the name of Robert Kennedy.His efforts were rewarded in a way he least expected.In going through Carberry's papers he found a detailed plan of the projected \u201chold-up\u201d of the two bank clerks.He knew that Dan McGrath was working on that case, and was about to telegraph to him when he received the wire saying the young sergeant was coming over to Dublin himself.\u201cThis 1s a great find,\u201d said Byrne, after meeting Dan at the station, \u201cCar- berry certainly lives up to his pet name of Slim Jim.He's the slimmest crook I ever came across.I suppose he thought he would make à bit more easy money over this side.I was hoping to find some clue to his accomplice in that, but his letters tell nothing.\u201d \u201cMay I see them?\u201d asked Dan.\u201cgure! Come right along.That's why I met you.\u201d Together the two policemen looked carefully through the few letters dealing with the recent highway robbery.Every detail had been carefully worked out and nothing appeared to have been left to chance.Dan McGrath ran his eyes over the letters almost feverishly, .\u201cWas there any postmark on the envelopes?\u201d he asked.\u201cThat's one of the snags I came against,\u201d replied Captain Byrne.\u201cAll the envelopes have been destroyed, and you see the writer was careful to put no address on the letters.\u201d The young sergeant, however, was not listening very attentively.He was staring with open mouth at a portion of a letter he had just opened.It gave details of the method of attack, and stated that Patrick Desmond would be on the road with his motor-cycle.Persplration stood on Dan McGrath's brow; his collar felt tight and he around for an open window.\u201cWhat's the matter\u2014feeling 117\u201d asked Byrne, who had noticed his agitation.\u201cNo\u2014no; I'll be all right soon.Have you another\u2014what's this?\u201d A slip of paper had fallen to the floor.It was an addition to the letter and stated that the writer would watch Desmond until he left his machine in answer to a cry from his accomplice, and then they could take it and keep # until the time of the proposed robbery.\u201cThank God!\u201d breathed the aser- geant, so softly as to be almost inaud- thle.\u201cWas there no signature on the letters?\u201d he asked in a louder tone.\u201cNo; just initials\u2014M.G.\u201d \u201cYou don't know anybody they might represent, I suppose?\u201d \u201cI only know one crook \u201cwith the same Initials, and that's Michael Govan.T know that his specialty is robbing banks, but he wam't Slim Jim's accomplice, We got that man almost as soon as the New York jewels from his pocket and it needed all his self-control to keep calm.\u201cDo you know Govan?\u201d he asked.\u201cKnow him?\u201d laughed Byrne.\u201cYou- \u2018ve sald it! And he knows me!\u201d \u201cIs this his photograph?\u201d The American regarded the print long and earnestly for fully à minute.\u201cWell, it\u2019s like him, very much; but I'm not sure.I could tell better if I saw the man.\u201d \u201cYou may be able to see him tomorrow,\u201d smiled Dare \u201cDid you find any banknotes in Carberry's place?\u201d \u201cYes; we were so busy with these letters that haven't had time to mention it before.I found several bundles, with elastic bands round them, just as they were stolen, I imagine.And where do you think they were?\u201d \u201cAsk me something easier.\u201d \u201cPacked In the middle of the bolster on the bed! I expect he thought they would never be discovered there.\u201d \u201cPublishing the fact that we knew the numbers of the notes made \u2019em nervous of getting rid of the paper in any quantity,\u201d said Sergt.McGrath with a smile of satisfaction.The preliminary trial of Michael Joyce drew great crowds to Kilkevin from the surrounding district.Never before had there been such a collection of vehicles in the market-place, and many people had made long journeys on foot in the hope of finding a place in the small court-house.Joyce still assumed the old deflant attitude when he went into the dock.He gave his name aggressively and declared that the magistrate had no jurisdiction, as he was an American citizen.\u201cThere are two serious charges made against you, Michael Joyce,\u201d said the magistrate, \u201cand they both concem this country.The question of your nationality can be raised later.The first is that of being an accessory in the highway robbery of a large sum of money from two defenceless young men; the second is the graver charge of the murder of Keziah Brady, an eccentric and harmless old woman well known in Kilkevin.\u201d \u201cNot guilty!\u201d shouted the prisoner.Officials and public were astonished at the man\u2019s behavior, and a policeman stepped nearer to caution him.\u201cYour defiant boastfulness will not help you, Michael Joyce,\u201d said the magistrate quietly.\u201cCall the first witness!\u201d Sergeant Daniel McGrath, of the Kilkevin police force, told how, from information received, he went with a constable to arrest Michael Joyce.\u2018They found him just rising to his feet from a heap of stones, and\u2014 \u201cRising from a heap of stones!\u201d exclaimed the magistrate.\u201cWas he sleeping?\u201d \u201cHe was drunk, your worship.\u201d A titter ran through the Court, and the prisoner glowered at the witness.\u201cHe made some remark about finding someone, and before we could resch him he fired at the woman, Keziah Brady, who had tome from behind some bushes, and she fell dead.We got him before he could fire again, and handcuffed -him.I then formally charged him.\u201d In answer to a question Joyce told the magistrate that some of the banknotes in his possession were given to him by Dermot MacCormack in payment of a gambling debt.The prisoner was deliberately trying to blacken the young clerk's reputation in the eyes of the residents of Kil- kevin, and his statement caused à great sensation and was responsible for many winks and confirmatory words from those who had doubled Dermot's innocence.A wave of anger at such treachery from à former friehd almost overwhelmed Dermot MacCormack, and he could hardly wait for his name to be called before entering the witness- box.ency made up the £50 he handed to Joyce.He then described the attack and robbery by the bandits, but confessed he was not in a position to identify etther of them.Terry Ryen replaced his colleague in the witness-box, and corroborated the account of the hold-up.\u201cIt has been said,\u201d went on the magistrate slowly and distinctly, \u201cthat you recognized orie of the bandits as the son of a well-known and respected tradesman in this town.Are you still of that opinion?\u201d Kathleen, who was sitting at the back of the Courl, felt the blood leave her face as she stared fixedly at the young clerk.Everything else was blotted out and she saw only the back of the alim figure and the serious countenance of the magistrate.Her hands clasped and unclasped as they rested in her lap; her heart thumped tumultuously and she wondered veguely if anyone else could hear the awful drumming in her ears.Terry Ryan \u201cI only saw his back\u2014and I thought it was familiar\u2014but I know now it could not have been Paddy Desmond because\u2014because\u2014\u201d \u201cThen why did he run away?\" interrupted Joyce.\u201cSilence!\u201d thundered the magistrate, Kathleen had sprung to her feet.Her eyes were wild and her red-gold hair shone like an aureole round the whiteness of her face.\u201cI will tell you why Paddy ran away!\u201d she cried, getting up from her seat and making her way blindly towards thé front of the Court.There wes an immediate uproar.Mingled with orders for allence were demands to make way and let the girl speak.The magistrate rapped on the desk and threatened to clear the Court.This had the effect of quietening the disturbance, and when it died down Kathleen was seen standing alone, pale yet determined to clear the name of her lover.The magistrate motioned to Terry Ryan to stand down.\u201cNow, Miss MacCormack,\u201d he said not unkindly, \u201cperhaps you will give us your version of this unfortunate affair?\u201d Kathleen felt that now was the time to lift the long chain of silence.She whispered à prayer for courage, and then in a clear voice told everything that had been kept secret so long.Michael Joyce, she said, had shown Paddy some of the stolen notes and sworn that they had been given to him by her brother Dermot in payment of a gambling debt.It was true that Paddy's motorcycle had been used for the robbery.This fact and the story of his recognition by Terry Ryan had made the case look black against Paddy.He would have faced the charge, conscious of his own innocence,\u2019 but, if he had done so, it would have been necessary to implicate Dermot, and sooner than do that he decided to disappear until the thieves were found.\u201cA noble thing to do,\u201d commented the magistrate when Kathleen had finished her story, \u201cbut from our modern point of view it was extremely fooilsh\u2014quixotic to the last degree.but .\u201d He smiled and shook his grey head as-he waved her away and called the next witness.* Now her ordeal was over, Kathleen felt ready to collapse through revul- alon of feeling.She had published her secret to all the world and her face flamed with shame as she staggered to her seat.After a time, however, she became calmer and was glad that she had struck such a decisive blow in Paddy's defence, Captain Byrne next told how he had come over from America to find a criminal named James Carberry\u2014 otherwise known as Slim Jim\u2014in connection with a jewel robbery in New York.With the invaluable help of Sergeant McGrath, of the Kilkevin police, he had discovered that Car- EIGHT berry was lodging in Dublin under the name of Robert Kennedy.\u201cAfter I had arrested him,\u201d he went on, \u201cI searched his room and found several bundles of banknotes.They were à mystery to me until Sergeant Daniel McGrath recognized them as part of the proceeds of the highway robbery.And the prisoner at the bar,\u201d he went on dramatically, \u201cwas an accomplice in that crime.\u201d rail to attack 4 remembered that the name of Govan was execrated in the distriot, because of the heartless action of the prisoner's father in dispossessing and evicting Keziah Brady and her old mother She knew who he was, and her dramatic denunciation convinced him that his profitable deception was over.Fearing the consequences, and maddened by her taunts, he had shot her dead, unaware that there were any witnesses of the crime.Dermot MacCormack and Kathleen were overwhelmed \u2018with congratulations, but the distraught girl broke away from the crowd of sympathisers and went alone towards the ancient ruins that had played such an import- and part in her lite.She was still unsatisfied.The good wishes meant nothing to her.Most of the sympathisers, she reflected bitterly, would have just as easily torn her to pieces if the solution of the mystery had not been s0 definite.* One thing had not transpired at the hearing\u2014and tt was a thing that WITNESS and Canndlati Hemestond, APRIL 21, 1967, \u201c Pleas for peace within and beyond the boundaries of the western hemisphere were made by President Roosevelt and Secretary of State Hull In addresses at the Pan-American Union on the occasion of the seventh annual observance on April 16 by the 21 American republics of Pan-American Day.President Roosevelt coupled with his plea an expression of faith in democracy as a guarantee of international peace.Three Kentucky mountaineers testified at a Senate inquiry on April 14 that an official of the Harlan County Coal Op- orators\u2019 Association had paid them to ow up\u201d a union organizer with dyna- Resumption of \u201cnew money\u201d borrowing to meet the deficiency in the Government's cash box caused by failure of revenues to come up to expectations was anounced officially on April 18 by Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgen- thau, Simultaneously various depart ment and bureau heads, acting under direct\u2019 orders of President Roosevel;, began pressing their subonlinates to cut expenditures to the lowest possible limit.\u2018The House of Representatives overrode southern opposition on April 15 to pass the Gavagan anti-lynching bill, 277 to 119.It would authbrize the Government to intervene in mob crimes to punish participants and negligent officers.Chairman Robert LaFollette (Prog- Wis) of the Senate Civil Liberties Committee charged on April 18 that the coal operators of Harlan County, Ky.had \u201cunderwritten the administration\u201d of Sheriff Theodore Middleton, whom he described as a one-time \u201cbootlegger.\u201d Harry B.Short of Digby, N.S, former Conservative member of the Canadian House of Commons, died suddenly at St.Petersburg.Fla, on April 15 in his 74th year, \u2018 A project for the construction in the United States of the fabricated parts and equipment of a battleship armed with 16-inch guns for Russia has been broached to the State Department, it was revealed on April 16, but the first reaction of the department was discouraging and nothing more has been heard of it.The second conference on Canadian- American affairs under auspices of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, will be held at Queen's University, Kingston, Ont, June 14-18, Dr.James T.Shotwell of the Endowment announced on April 18.The bullets of twe New York gunmen sought two days before claim- April would ask the, United States Congress for $1,500,000, for relief in the fiscal year beginning next July 1.Great Britain Britain's new ' £3,000,000 aiterafît carrier, Ark Royal, which Sir Samuel Hoare, First Lord of the Admiralty said proudly will be \u201cthe most up-to-date in the world,\u201d was launched on April 13 at Bir- kenhead.The Government will refrain from maintaining a fixed price for gold in Prime Minister Baldwin on April 13 expressed dread lest a mechanized world would mean Britons would lose their independent, individualistic character.Italy on April 13 accepted in primeiple a proposal of the 27-power Non-Intervention Committee for the establishment of a technical committee to study the ques tion of wihdrawing foreign volunteers from Spain Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden on April 14 expressed \u201ccontempt\u201d for an Italian newspaper charge that Great Britain had plotted the recent attempted assassination of Viceroy Rodolfo Graziani in Ethiopia.The House of Commons on April 14 defeated Labor's motion to censure the Government's Spanish policy.The vote was 345 to 130, indicating approval of an attitude of rigid nem-intervention in | Spain, including the Cabinet's decision Lee regard to the insurgant biockade og Count Dino Crandi, the Malan dels.gate, on April 16 told the Non-Pnterven.tion Committee Italy wse new of withdrawing the thousands of foreign \u201cvolunteers\u201d now fAghting on both side in the Spanish civil war.Count Grand added that he proposed immediately ty extend the non-intervention scheme se that it would forbid entry into Spain of all foreigners whose presence \u201cmight prolong or embitter the conflict.\u201d conviets \u201cmade complaints about dinner,\u201d had been subdued.Sir Samuel Hoare oa April 18 viewed \u2018 the possibility of an unrestricted naval race with \u201cgrave apprehension\u201d and said Great Britain would welcome an oppor tunity to ratify the London naval treaty Britain, and of 1908 between France the United States.With the warships of four navies patrolling the Gpanish coasts and foreign established a watch on Apeil 19 at mide night over war supplies and\u201d volunteers seing to Spain The Orient \u201c Lieut.-Col.J.Obed Smith, 79, former chief officer of the Canadian Government Immigration Department in England, died on April 15 in Yokohama, Japan.A secret reported on April 18 Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek will be chairman, with General Feng Yu-hsiang and the pres ent War Minister, General Ho Ting- vice-chairmen with equal powers.The fourth member will be General Pal Chung-hel, who will also be Nenking\u2019s new War Minister.Our NEW Offer 30 cts.will bring the Witness to your friend: for 8 months from May 1st to Dec.31 \u2014on trial.- This offer is good anywhere in North America \u2014excepting only Greater Montreal (\u201cCity of publication\u201d) Good also anywhere in oversea British Empire \u2014excepting only Australia.2 or more such Stbseriptions Only 25 cts.each.Which of your friends but has \u201cchange\u201d in his pocket in imminent danger of being exchanged for something less worth while?SOW - Seeds of good Citizenship NOW John Dougall & Son, Publishers, P.O.Box 3070, Montreal.SEED SOWER'S COUPON resccssoresamennsescoonns 1987, friends.date.Names Addresses Dear Sirs, \u2014I am glad 0 co-operate in the publication of the Witness by extending its circulation among my It is clearly understood that these subscriptions end Dec.31, 1537, unless specifically renewed before that ww WITNESS and Canadian Homsestend, APRIL 21, 1987.The Week\u2019s Cross Word Puzzle The entire Jewish Bnal Brith organization in Germany was smashed on April 19 when the Gestapo (secret state po- lee) staged a nation-wide raid nn its lodges, arrested their presidents and other officials, searched their homes, seiz- * CRAWLED UPSTAIRS ON ALL FOURS wo [prd ce ft [sv adialoilal 2041007 08 | Ow te 30] wi of 0) Qt tmment\u2019s international brigade who pass through the insurgent lines will be given safe conduct to Spanish frontiers.A British merchant vessel was reported On April 18 to have been stopped by a British destroyer from attempting to run The Spanish Government Ministry of Marine and Air om April 19 ordered the Government fleet and air force to protect all ships flying the Spanish flag and those of other countries asking protection in Spanish waters, in defiance of the Non, intervention Committee.Count Charles de Chambrun, former French Ambassador to Italy, on April 14 in Paris contradicted charges by his would-be assassin, Magdæ de Fontanges, that he had conveyed confdential disclosures from her to a \u201chigh Italian personage.\u201d Yvon Delbos, French Minister of Foreign \u201cAffairs stated at Carcassonne on April 18 that France is ready at any time to seek by every possible road peace and friendship with all her neighbors, whatever regimes they may prefer for their internal government.Dissolution of the \u201cLeft revolutionary\u201d group was ordered by the French Social- * ist party's national council on April 19.Dr, Hjalmar Schacht, German Minister of Economics, expressed a personal opinion at a gathering of the international and Belgian press in Brussels on April 14 that no real improvement in European economic conditions cad occur without political improvement preceding is \u2018First we must come to an understanding about peace.I am confident nobody wants war.War Is a pros- «pect that frightens everybody without exception.Everybody wants to consolidate peace\u2014every government, every nation.What is not quite clear is how best to do it; but I sincerely believe we are nearer a solution than is generally thought and admitted.I wish every success to the mission entrusted to your Prime Minister by the Governments of France and Great The Biggest Meney-saving Bay.Paint at 70c gallon, Manufacture the resole Boots, Rubbers, for 7c & pair.Writs ART.ROY, Thurso, Que.FARMS FOR SALE \u2014\u2014\u2014 Saskstehew Farme\u2014Write Por Boskiet, E K M Regina, Sesk.McINTOSH, Box 363, Meteaife.18 Miles small \u2014 100 Acres Quarter Mile From from Ottawa on highway, extra good land, lske near buildings.H.B.LATIMER, P.O.Box 14, Metcalfe, Oat.Good Baildings, 154 Miles From 200 Acres Farm, Town, write BOX 4, Webbwood, Ont.196 Asve Farm, Gesd Buildings, Fall Plewisg done.At à bargain.ADVERTIEER 10, P.O.Box 30%, Montreal.eee FOR SALE «Lie Multigraph.Bepreduees 1060 stencil, Print letter sise circulars, etc., cheaply, at home.LMerature free.THE PRINTO- GRAPH, Moose Jaw, Bask.\u2014 GENUINE SUEDE CLOTH JACKET $3.65 poof.- 1 COOPER 'WHAR COMPANY, 6147 Durocher Btrest, Montreal.\u2014_\u2014 BARGAIN\u2014Baby Camera And 12 Films: 33 Year calendar, all for only 58e.EMPIRE NOVELTIES, Peterboro, Ont, Canada.\u2014_\u2014 QUILT PATCHES, Regmaking Strips A Kinds 18e lb.700 yd.Machine Thread 150, postage extra.PAY RIDGLER, 3831 Armedels, Toronto.rt We Guarantes Your Fit With Best Quality Sait y used), regular to $60.08 for $4 to #13; $4 to $8, postpaid.Biste measurements, colours, age, style.Satisfaction of money refunded, money order.RUSKIN & CO., Peterborough, Saat the ae, Seo ad oo od or on ceased to ex- .: : : ist Owing to Rheumatism in George Lansbury, veteran British Her Knees Member of Parliament who resigned It was not a very dignified way of going leadership of the Labor party over the upstairs, but she had rheumatism in her 2 question of sanctions agsinst Italy, on knees, and it was the best she could do, April 19 brought from Reichschancellor at the time.Since then, she has been Hitler in a personal interview a declara- taking Kruschen Salts, and now feels 28 es tion that Germany would not absent it- much better.Read her letter:\u2014 seif from any international co-operation \u201cI had very painful gout in my big toe permitting a hope for success.and could only get upstairs on all fours \u2014_\u2014 owing to rheumatism In my knees I r three years ce It can now be stated with certainty, faking Kouschen se I must say on said Arnaldo Cortesi, Rome correspondent damp days I still have a little gout, but L.of the N.Y.Times on April 15 that Pre- my knees are quite better.I am over mier Benito Mussolini will visit Chan- 60 years of age, have a complexion like cellor Adolf Hitler in Germany at the end à girl's and feel very fit.I am fully re- of the summer or the beginning of fall paid for taking a half teaspoonful of unless something happens to disturb Salts each morning in a cup of hot Italoierman relations, water.\u201d\"\u2014(Mrs.) A.W.The pains and Iiffness of rheumatism are frequently caused by deposits e Don't allow your friend te spend acid in the muscles .and joints.The : thirty cents on the Witness\u2014on trial Sumer salts in Kruschen assist in \u2018 t your liver an idneys ' from May 12 to Dec.31\u2014if he Con 6% bealthy, regular action, and help them something more worth while for 80 to get rid of the excess uric acid which much of his good money.is the cause of so much suffering.HORIZONTAL faanls 12.\u20148ea-nymph thas 1\u20148illy 39 \u20148fodern lured sailors ¢.\u2014Vegetable dish 41,\u2014Conjunotion 13.\u2014Openings hm hat ny 43.\u20148fusical note men CITE Beeb Sd aint SL 13.w 22\u2014Btesters To ROYAL CITY Extra Profit, Bleed vea bid, are gondolas used ¢4\u2014Simpleton - 23 Gans PEOPLE'S MART ch maturing.arly laying, bred-to-ley Barred for taxis?46\u2014A make 2 \u2014Divisions of time qe ee ee des M\u2014To rest 48\u2014Ugly woman 25.\u2014What famous beau- ADVERTISING RATES.\u2014Usder thls head.from eggs averaging 27 ox.per dozen.March 146, 15.\u2014A bolt 40.\u2014 Takes without right ty started & war?ing advertisements will be inserted with © April 13c, May 10e, Illustrated circular free 170 place 51\u2014To make less 27.\u2014Collection of ani- out display at à casb-with-erder raie of BOYAL CITY BABY CHICK HATCHERY, 63 18.-Cbjective of \u201cwe* S~Duder nervous mals en hares 430 wor mariwr.8% |\u201d = 19 strain 29 Force consecutive insertions will be given fer 7c LEGHORN CHICKS Tc 20-\u2014Objectire of \"I\" S4\u20148ounded roots 22\u2014Like gold \u2018be price of POUR (minimem rue ar ets ker Prices Are Dews, Se Are Chiek Frices.Tom 2A fish VERTICAL 33\u2014Requires wr ia counted a» one word When repties Barron Leghorns To Barred Rocks dc.White 23.\u2014Trivial \u20181~T9¢ publish 36\u2014A tree \u2019 are to be addressed in care of the \u201cWit ks or Tred, Lo, ire delivery.19% 95 \u2014Peminine proneun 82\u2014Rumored 88\u2014To mar pnd ome, | = addin charg tte , 20 \u2014Tweive Likely 88.\u2014To raise pe 1a es tn the Wltnoes\" Farm.Order Early Your Leghorns 2A number Negative Conjunction tien \u2018ook later han \u2018Friday mering bn 10% Rocks lic Humpebines Clans De, Saried 20 \u2014Bpawn 8\u2014To go wrong «0 \u2014Pay .ssoure proper classification 1» lelloviag HBSSON POULTRY PARM, Britton, 31.\u2014To be 1H 6\u2014Group of tennis 46.\u2014Marah Weekly Edition.R 1, Ont.32\u2014To decorate cames 46.\u2014Mait bevesage 7e CHICKS 8e 34.\u2014Bquipped wih wea T\u2014Articie \u20ac1\u20144 color pons S\u2014Part of mouth #8\u2014To buss artists surrES Leghors chicke fe Berd Barts se ores Jarre 36.\u2014Carry-all _9\u2014Quickness of insight 50.\u2014While a Cem Of Brushes, Colors, Paper, (0-day.31.00 books your order.Balance C.O.D.37.\u2014Pur bearing sea an.10\u2014To restrain 82\u2014To act, - Fanves Pastels for general Aris ves end KENT MATCEERY, Chatham, Ont.| ton ou Save Montreal POULTRY MISCELLANEOUS \u2018® Last Week's Pumle SToment protested against what he call BUSINESS CARDS breediog arms under Government BOF Insprer win's blockade\u201d of his capital.or Poriiirer Haréweed Asbes Pros Cireulas tion for Over 15 years we can offer you the GEORG! Peterborough, Ontario.profitable layers you sre looking-for at res! low prices for trapnest bred stock.Our Tom Barron White Leghorns and O.A.C.Barred Rocks, alse New Hampshire Reds, are famous for large eggs, large bodies, winter production.All stock biood- tested, pedigree mated and Government Get our new price List and free poultry book of building plans, feeding directions, tmatment of disenass, etc.Trust us for a square desl RIDGE FARM, REG'D, Port Oredit.Ont., Box $03.DARK CORNISH Ceckerels Good, Big, Chelee Birds at attractive pricss according to quality.Priced te clear.H.B.FOSTER, Bowmanville, Box 258, Ont, JERSEY WHITE GIANTS, Jersey Bisek Giam Orpingtons, Light Bussex, Bilver 8; 8.C.Black Minorcas, White Wi kiss.Eggs for haiching $2.00 per 15.Matisfaction guaranteed.RALPH McCALL, Midland, Ontario.» PROFESSIONAL CARDS CHAS.H.GRANT, K.C., Barrister And Seliciter, $13 McLeod Block, Edmonton.f : il | SEEDS $11.30 Will Bey 108 Lbs.Alsike thy Misture.$13.50 for 100 lbs.Alaike Red Clorer and \u2018Timothy, grade 3 (No.1 for Preight paid.Bags free.MISNER SEED, Box 445, Port Dover, Cutario.FOR BALE\u2014O.A.C.EARLY OATS, NO.3, Certificate Mo.46-8314, $0c bushel.sacks free.JOHN KYLE, Thamesville, Route 7, Ontario.314.50 buy 100 Lb.AMalis, Red Clover And othy., Mo.1 Purity.Preight paid, begs Box 448, Port Dover, H SITUATIONS VACANT Waated\u2014Musieal Young Man, Eager For Edmen- son, ambitious to do Christian work.TEACHER, Rugby School, Purness, Smek.SITUATIONS WANTED Parisian Lady, Middle Aged, Pretesiant, of one of Quebic's eeclt ani with knowledge English, seeks position as houss- GARDEN BEXD \u201cHENS AND CHICKENS\" (Sempervivem).Twelve diferent kinds.$1.00 postpaid.Introduetory offer.Bend Toc MOUNTAIN VIEW NURSERIES, Ayer's , Que.mr Gindiotus Exbibition Named fe, Mixed 1s.Dahling 15e.Hardy Mums named 7 fer Dollar, resorted 10.Cannes named 10 fer 1 Dollar, or companion.Good references.Willing go enywh ADVERTISER §, P.O.Box 3%, Montreal Regal Lilies 15c.Fostpsid.SAUSBY, 107 Bellelalr Britain.\u201d \u2019 ren weeks.PHILIPPE RICHARD, Bt.Pascal, Manuel Hedilla, leader of the Spanish A declaration that the Reich will not lacs: Binok, White, Rod Carrante: Geeseberries merite warned on April 16 the Fascist tolerate any Interference with ita inter- harpe, rod ad greed: reapherrion » name TO RENT organization would regard smy attempt Dal life was announced on April 13 in a $39, RRR TE, C0 ' Furaishes Reom Overiesking A Lovely 10 restore the Spanish monarchy as \u201ctrea- synopsis of the German note to the Vati- ee Du CE od peat AD Te: Son to the Fatherland.\u201d ean in an official reply to Pope Pius\u2019s En.Roasss P.O.Box 2070, Montreal \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 cyclical accusing Germany of violating STALUON, A: NK alin, § gemma Cottage Ou Lake losks In Lasrentiane Organization of a new Cabinet for au- the 1933 Concordat.years oid.LLOYD ELLIOTT.Showwtile, Que.te rent for dune.Pour rooms, At waters éd An unexplained police order on April OAL 13 banished sll Jewish in Ger- Boker Rog Col d ent the gatherings worship- COMPANY, Dept.78.Prestaa, Oud Companys chose former Premier ogues\u2014for 00 days.PHOTOGRAPEY Tarradellas to Dead thy\u201d new Ministry pors ID aynas * STRUNVIEW PROCESS\u201d Picierea WHh Free In.of by Mrs.H.B.423 Avenus, Some Nazi leaders on April 15 were be- Iafpement for 380 colt NET ea 3 ving Montreal July 2nd.inaluding Dispaiches from beleaguered Bilbao lieved sponsoring a movement for estab- orerioo, Oats.France.and a veo weeks cram he.eewtite] Prodieu 18 described » meeting between lishing a \u201cNational Catholic Church, B= = dr as vu ane LLAncasrs\u201d Mews.re, Troland, Poland President Juan Antonio à Aguirre and parated from Rome and headed dissle Bases Advartioamen Sweden, many interesting shere the British sonar Cyne Ar ere ent Catholic clerics who have cast heir DR NT ET a HE Tr Ion Tso efi, end ST i whish the bess af the Basque Gov- lot with the Nazis , eee Se days $530.06.£3 dage $NBAR. * WITNESS and Canadian Hemeslead, APRIL 21, 1997.A Pioneer Family and the Potash Industry By George Stevens.AMES VANALSTINE, a U.E.Loyalist who served In Sir John Johnson's Royal Regiment of New\u2019 York, and who died in the hospital in Montreal in 1780, was my great- great-grandfather, and James Vanal- stine, who personally appeared before John Embury, Esq., in 1803, and petitioned for the usual quantity of land allowed to Loyalists\u2019 children, was my grandfather's father, thus making him my great-grandfather.James Vanalstine, who was born in 1800 in the woods where Napanee, Ontario, is now situated, and who was the first white child born in that district, was my grandfather.Lucina Vanalstine, my mother, was born in Napanee, Ontario, in the year 1834, and she married Charles Stevens, my father.8 is well known by almost every- .one, Ontario in the year 1770.AD, was a dense forest and was inhabited by Indians who lived along the lakes and rivers where all kinds of fish were abundant and the forest was full of wild animals.In the days when my grandfather was à boy there were no roads\u2014just winding trails, and at that time Kingston and Toronto were unknown.By the time my grandfather was a young man things in general began to change and the Kingston Highway was built by the Government from Montreal to York, a trading post where Toronto now stands.The highway, which is very much improved, is still the main thoroughfare between Toronto and Montreal, à distance of some 330 miles.Some years later the- Grand Trunk Railway Line\u2014now the Canadian National Railways \u2014 was established from Montreal.The engines were fired with wood which was cut and piled along the tracks.My father was a sailor and he put up at Napanee during the winter, and it was during this time that a man named Detlor hired my father to work in his potash factory, and he offered my father eight dollars ($8.00) a week if he would stay home the year around.In the course of a few years another man started a potash factory and then Charles Lane started one.Then there were three Jotash factories in Napanee.I was quite a young man I well remember my grandparents telling me about how people lived in the early days.Everything was free.There was no law and licences were unheard of.If you wanted fish all you had to do was go to the river or lake and spear them or put out a net and you could get all the fish you wanted and have some to give away.If you wanted fowl you just took a shot gun and shot some partridges, wild ducks, wild geese or wild turkeys.II you wanted meat all you had to do was take a rifle and shoot a bear or @ deer.If you wanted pork you could step out and shoot a ground hog.There were butternuts, hickory nuts and beech nuts in abundance In the woods.They also told me that from the bear and deer that they killed they had meat to eat, and grease to melt to make candles.These candles were made by melting the greases and pouring it over cotton that was placed in molds and when it cooled you had your supply of candles to light your house at night.When supplies of tea, tobacco, sugar, etc, were needed these had to be obtained from a pedlar who took the skins and furs in exchange for them.My grandfather made his children\u2019s boots, moccasins and snewshoes out of the skins which he tanned himself.In those days when a couple wished to get married and settle down the men would turn in and cut the logs and build a log house with a stone fireplace so that there would be a place to Took the food and heat the house.A table made of wood hewn from the woods and a few blocks of wood made the furnishings of the home.The stools could be made any height or length desired.I remember when I was not very old that things were beginning to change.You now have to have a licence to fish and to hunt; a licence to live and a licerice to die, as ft were.Money when you arrive and money when you leave.Somebody has to pay when you come and when you go.manufacture of potash was interesting and at times demonstrations were held in the evenings so that the public could witness the final stages of the boiling.Men and teams were hired to collect the ashes from people who would save them and these ashes brought to the potash factory which was built in a \u201cT\u2019\u2019 shape and an ash-bin at each end of the \u201cT\u201d held the ashes.Four leaches were bullt on each side.The leaches were filled once a week with water.One side would be filled on Monday and the other side would be filled on Thursday.On the stem of the \u201cT\" there was a bolling house with a furnace in front three feet wide and four feet high.Four large cast iron kettles were built in the arch back of the chimney.The lye from the ashes was pumped into an iron receiver and piped to the kettles to be boiled down into potash, The man in charge came to work at four o'clock in the morning and went off duty at four in the afternoon.He had to understand thoroughly how to melt potash, and how to charge hot kettles.These boiling kettles weighed from one thousand to one thousand two hundred pounds.A helper came to work at seven o'clock in the evening.| \u2018This kept the four large kettles boll- ing the lye away for the full twenty- four hours a day.The melt was taken off on Wednesday \u201cand Saturday mornings.The melt when taken off was dipped in half-barrel cast iron coolers which held three hundred and twenty-five pounds each.When the Wednesday melt\u201d was being taken off the lye the two back kettles were dipped to the front kettles and the lye for the Saturday melt was then started in the two back ket- ties.The potash when done was red \"hot and so were the kettles and great care had to be taken s0 that the ket- ties would not crack.The fires were allowed to die down when they were dipping the potash out into the half- barrel size coolers and the potash was allowed to cool for about twenty hours.Air slacked lime two inches thick was then spread on\u2019 the potash and allowed to cool and harden.After this had stood for another twenty-four hours the cooler was turned upside down and the potash would come out in & solid mass half the size of the barrel in which it was to be shipped.Two of these masses were placed together in a heavy oak barrel with one- inch staves and headed up.The barrels were hooped with eight hoops at each end.These barrels had to be air tight and very strong 20 as to stand the rolling about while they were being shipped to Doubell at Montreal and loaded for shipment to England.SIXTY years ago I have seen the yards plled full of wood for the year\u2019s run.This wood was bought for one dollar and fifty cents a cord and the best of tamarac could be bought for two dollars and fifty cents a cord.The tamarae mage the hottest fire ror melting.At that time men worked for one dollar a day, but it was not long until they were demanding more and collectors wanted $2.00 a day instead of $1.00.The wood doubled and trebled in price s0 that the cost of production was more than the Income.The ash- eries shut down and then finally around fifty years ago the bulldings were torn down and there have been flo ashes leached in Ontario since that e.My father about that time started to export the unleached hardwood ashes to New England Btates and could deliver car lots in tight box cars for pretty nearly the same price a3 the leached ashes.I have been shipping ashes for fifty years myself and I have never talked to a person who used my ashes that has not told me that they are a good fertilizer.The ashes which I ship are pure unleached hardwood ashes\u2014just a3 nature made them.There is ag much potash in them now as thers was sixty years ago, us the trees grow the same now as they did then, and the ashes sell at $30 a tan.THIRTY CENTS will bring the Witness, on trial, from May 1st tp end of 1937\u20148 months\u2014to your friend, Two such for S0cts.For places calling for extra postage, see Page 8.Courage for the Shy Child By Margaret Conn Rhoads.\u2019 B all realise that the child who is shy and constantly embarrassed by bashfulness has a handicap that needs very wise handling.Many times a parent can help a child to rise above this timidity and become happily sociable, delighting in personal contacts.\u201cJune started out to be one of those little children who hide behind their mother\u2019s skirts at the approach of a stranger; her lips quivered if she were singled out for attention and she evaded the mailman and the milkman when they came on their dally rounds,\u201d related a mother before a grouf of parent students.\u201cI determined that she should never hear any of the family comment on her shyness, I also made up my mind to think of ways of helping the baby to overcome this handicap.I knew I should have to go very carefully along the way or I might make matters.worse, but today June is such an unusually responsive child and meets people s0 easily that I feel my carefully laid plans were well worth \u201c] began with the mailman as he came each day.I allowed June to stick the stamp on my letter.This seemed such a big thing to her! Then with the letter in her hand to give the mailman, she forgot her fear and ran out to meet him.He helped me by not getting too friendly with her all at once.And in much this same simple way I acquainted June with the milkman and the grocery boy.I let her put the tickets in the milk bottles and let her set the bottles out.That gave her an interest in the man who delivered the milk.I mould emply the grocery boy's basket and hand her the empty container to give to him.When guests came to the house I would ask her to open the door.She soon learned to ask them to be seated especially it their manner when they greeted her was not too familiar, Most little boys and girls like to get acquainted with a strange moment they meet them.When June started for nursery achool she was somewhat afraid of the experience.But each morning I let her take some small gift to the teacher and her joy in carrying the flower or the red apple or the cutout she had made lessened her consciousness of self and the problem was solved happily.\u201cSHYNESS or backwardness is often regarded by parents as à trait the child will outgrow and so they feel it need not be given special concern.I like to think that in our home we are always helping the children to develop the traits that will benefit them.They ahould be able to meet people happily, be sufficiently self-possessed to enter into child activities and reap the joy of personal contacts.They should have the: assurance within themselves that they are capable of joining in a conversation with a group of their age or of playing games with as much vim as the other children.Shyness induces an inferiority complex in the child that later makes the grownup cheat himasit of much advancement and many pleasufes that are rightly his.Today June at five can meet the guests in our home p! ntly, totally unconscious of herself.What picture would she have presented had we ignored her baby tendency or constantly commented on it?She would have been timid still, and little by little would have become more certain that she would always be & shy person\u201d\u2014From a series of articles issued by the National Kindergarten Association, 8 West 40th Street, New York City.Latin America Leon Trotzky on April 13 at Mexice, présented to the commission of American liberals hearing his defence against Soviet charges af treason voluminous documentary evidence intended to prove he could not have plotted against the So viet Union in Paris in 1933.Charges of such conspiracy were contained in testis mony at the Moscow treason trial is January.Carleton Beals, well-known auther, resigned formally on April 17 from the sub, he did not \u201cconsider the proceedings of the commission to be a truly serious investigation of the charges.\u201d Berlin\u2019s indignation at the murder of istence_of a wide Nazi organization in Argentina, which has been fairly successful in escaping publicity.The were Nazis and that the shooting was the outcome of a split in the local Nazi organization as a result of dissatisfaction with Riedel's leadership.Police claimed on April 19 that the slain Joseph Riedle, far from being the head of the Nazi organisation in Argentina, as reported from Beilin, was meres ly the leader of a oup of 30 men in San Martin, where responsible to the head of a larger local group in another suburb.BLEMISHES Hg LINIMENT nh \u2014 TELL YOUR FRIENDS Witness on trial fram May let to ad of 1937\u20148 menths\u2014now only 30 es.Two such for 50 cla.For places aalling for extra postage see Pago 8.HOME COOKING MAPLE FLAVORED By Madam HU i Ë Ë 1 with apples that have been fered and cored.Pour over boiling water\u2019 and cook in a hot oven till fender.Make a crust as for baking pew.der biscuits.roll out an inch thick, and place over the apple.Bakq 40 minutes, or until the crust is well browned.Serve with maple sance.For the sauce cook together two tablespoons of butter and me teaspoon of flour, add a cup of maple grup and a tiny pinch of mace, and cook until dear and smooth.Leather Aprems)\u2014Afake perfectly plain ITY j WITNESS and Canadian Hemestead, APRIL 21, 1937, doughnuts, no sugar, no eggs or spice.Use 1 cup sweet milk, 1 tablespoon short ening, 1 teaspoon salt and 2 heaping tea- #poens baking powder with flour to make 8 soft dough.Shape up into a loaf, cut off strips with a knife, twist and fry at once.Eat while they are hot with a saucer of genuine maple syrup.Colonial Maple Cakes:\u2014Melt one cup of maple sugar and let it cool somewhat, add to it ome-half cup of boney, two- thirds cup of sour milk, one-half teaspoon of soda dissolved in the sour miik, & pinch of salt, one-fourth cup of butter melted and one well-beaten egg.Add to the mixture enough flour to make a stiff dough.Dredge with flour, two tablespoonfuls of chopped orange rind and two tablezpoonfuls of chopped citron.Add this fruit and one-half cup of preserved gooseberries or currants to the dough.\u2018Pour in the batter about one- fourth of an inch deep in a pan lined with buttered paper and bake it in a slow oven.Cut it into squares.Verment Cookies: \u2014Cream two tablespoons butter with % cup maple syrup, add one egg, two tablespoons milk, one rounding cup flour, sifted with % teaspoon cream tartar and 3% teaspoon soda.Add % cup chopped nut meats Cnglish walnut or hickory).Drop from spoon into buttered pans, leaving space enough between.to prevent running together.Maple Syrup Ceekies:\u2014One cup maple syrup, % cup sugar, 1 cup sour milk % cup nut meats, 2 eggs, 1 teaspoon soda.Mix stuff with flour, drop on greased pans, bake in hot oven.Tree-Planting a Public Benefit ECALLING my early iife in Canada as a Pioneer surrounded by the most beautiful wooded district in America, trees, wonderful trees in every direction, until the advent of the settlers; then the destruction of the trees was the principal industry of the new settlers.The timber was sold at a low price or burned and the ashes made into potash, whicn was about the only export commodity that the early settlers had In those cays.If that timber were in existence today, you would have an asset that would easily wipe out your National Debt and leave you a substantial sur- lus.Pa my yearly visits to my native land, I do miss the beautiful wooded districts that I formerly loved to visit.Now I find the towns and cities better wooded than the farm districts are, The time has arrived when the subject of tree planting and tree preduc- tion should be of first importance to every loyal citizen of Canada.Every farmer should devole at least one-fourth of his land to the production of trees, in the form of a wooded district, with numerous shade trees in other sections.In summer the wooded section forms a comfortable shade for the farm stock and a beautiful home for birds and other wild life.And In winter they form a much-needed wind break and protection from storms.They also protect the snow from sudden thaws, thus prevenung the cause of many disastrous floods The falling leaves every year provide a valuable fertilizer which is much needed at this time.Tree planting bureaus should be established in every province in Canada.And trees should be supplied free of cost to every individual corporation or municipality who will plant them and agree to give them protection for a stated time for proper development.In the establishment of tree planting bureaus, mature judgment should be used in the selection of the kind of trees planted.It is just as easy to plant and raise valuable timber trees as it 18 to raise trees of no timber value.One is a lability and the other an asset.\u2018There is à wonderful opening In Canada for the production of trees.You have milllons of acres of waste land in every Province, especially in the North West Provinces.Every college and school in Canada ahould have its tree planting department.Give your Boy Bcouts a chance to plant trees, a worthy object for any progressive organization.What better monument can any citizen leave than a beautiful tree or better still, a grove of beautiful trees?While we all realize that only God ean produce a iree, still we his people have a wonderful opportunity to assist In their production and thus we can leave not only a life record for ourselves, but our action will be of wonderful benefit to all future generations.\u2014John M.Hoskins, \u201cIt has not been uncommonly observed that in children home education is lacking with the grievous result that there remains something missing in them when they grow up.Thus the cosmic energy of life suffers.ELEVEN For this, the blame lies with the parents who did not fully equip theme selves for the honest care of their children.They lacked right eduea- tion.\u201d\u2014From \u2018Education\u2019, by M.P.Narain, B.Sc, Hyderabad, India.Most of the best things we now possess began by being dreams.\u2014J.Russell Lowell.' \u2018 \u201cSPRIG! SPRIG! BEAUDIFUL SPRIG!\u201d Don\u2019t try this unless you are in perfect physical condition.O sang the funny man\u2014meaning, of course, that colds are Synonymous with spring.And so they are to many \u2014but not to me.1 haven't had a cold since 1013\u2014and I don't intend to have one.I defy them nightly before huge audiences.I've been lecturing almost steadily since last September, every night, sometimes twice a day, and on every platform I've said \u201c1 defy disease \u2014even a cold\u2014to attack me.\u201d In order to make a public statement like that and \u201cget away with it\u201d you've got to be pretty sure of your ground.Why don't I have colds?I'm exposed to as many drafts, as many wet days, as many germs as anyone; more than most people, in fact.Yet I don't have colds or any other sickness.The reason is that my natural resistance is so great that disease germs do not get a foothold in my system.My cells are so vital they destroy the less vital \u201cgerms\u201d, but in most persons the situation is the reverse.If the cells are devitalized by errors in diet, exercise, ete, then the \u201cgerms\u201d are more vital They can more than hold their own against the less vital body cells.They take up their abode in the body, live off its cells and multiply with unbelievable rapidity.Their rapid multiplication and growth produce toxic substances.It is these toxic substances which cause the fever, pain, weakness and other manifestations which we know as sickness and disease.We need not have these manifestations if we would keep our blood stream in a normal healthy state.Then the cells nourished by such blood would be vigorous and vital and able to repel the invasion of \u201cgerms\u201d into the system.Try making one full meal each day trom Roman Meal, Bekus-Puddy or Lish- us; use plenty of salad vegetables and raw fruits; drink at least four cups of Kofy- Sub each day.Take a reasonable amount of exercise, including walking.Sleep in a well ventilated room.Take a cool rubdown or cool shower daily and note the increased sense of wellness resulting from your increased vital resistance.Write for free literature upon perfect body building to Robt.G.Jackson, M.D., 387, Vine Ave., Toronto.Offa The photographs in this advertisement are taken from ihe Talking Picture \u201cOne Young Man\u201d, featuring à day in the life of Dr.Jackson.NOW-SEC charmin For TH¢ BALTIC 77 Sail from SOUTHAMPTON July 10 Enyrtas-Austraïia @ See the picturesque cities of Northern Europe and ivi and Etdfjord N Bergen, Ulvik and Eidfjord in Norway; Stockholm, Sweden.Spend thrilling A Rassias.Returning, you visit Helsingfors, Germany (Travemunde), Copenhagen and then back to Southampton.See the pageantry of Great Britain and the Continent in this Coronation-Paris Exposition Year.ON BOARD\u2014a round of fan\u2014deck sports, socisl gaioty, swimming, commodation, service and Cuisine.On one of the Jargest aod most luxurious liners ever co cruise the Your cruise ship, Qpsbec Jalr 2 (oo le in Southam time in the Bricish Isles.Return at your leisure.|- 'wrther information a PPiy a; , or Windsor Station Steamship Office er D.R.Kennedy, 201 8t.James Bt., West.ean Canadian 20-DAY] | CRUISE | $189 UP 5 connecting sail- jage\u2014Round trip Aslontic fares on application.parties; unexcelled ac- Empress Australia, vails from A at from ).Or you may select other tan Pacific ships for additional vour local travel «Re | a 2 Canada Premier Mitchell Hepburn of Ontarlo mustered in 200 special constables at Toronto on April 13 and asked the Dominion nt at Ottawa for additional forces from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, on the ground {hat the strike situation in Oshawa was becoming more tense because of the activity of Communist agitators.The mayor of Oshawa pointed out there had been no disorder and no threat of any.The Premier also issued an ultimatum to his Cabinet members that they must support his strike policy or resign.After more than three hours discussion in committee, the Saskatchewan Legislature on April 13 gave third reading to an amended bill to give Saskatchewan co-operative Wheat Producers Limited authority to assist other co-operative enterprises.The Social Credit Act, which provides for consumers\u2019 dividends and a board of House members to select a commission of technical experts to administer a Social Credit program, was given third reading in the Alberta Legislature on April 13.Legislation such as the recently pess- od Quebec \u201cpadlock\u201d law was seen as a \u201cgrave danger\u201d by J.R.H.Robertson, retiring president of the Montreal Junior Board of Trade, in his annual address on April 13.\u201cThe tragic thing about such legislation is that it drives underground the very thing that should be fought in the open.He added that persecution made martyrs of men because of their political opinions, and by such laws \u201ca great impetus is given to the forces for Communism, not against it.\u201d Choice of a mixed jury of French and English-speaking citizens was completed on April 13 at Quebec for the trial of four \u201cWitnesses of Jehovah\u201d on charges of seditious conspiracy, for having distributed typical literature of their faith in Quebec on Oct.3, 1933.: Appointment of the royal commission which will investigate economic relations between \u2018the provinces and the\u2019 Dominion will be delayed until after Imperial Conference, Prime Minister Mackenzie King said on April 14.The Alberta Legislature adjourned on April 14 to June 7.Expreasing belief that Premier Hepburn of Ontario had misunderstood the attitude of Labor Minister Rogers toward the Oshawa General Motors strike, Prime Minister Mackenzie King declared on April 14 the Dominion Government had no intention of intervening unless there was reason tn hope such intervention would be of value.H would be of no help to the situation if done against the wishes of the Ontario Government, he said Peter Veregin the Younger, spiritual leader of British Columbia's Doukhobors, on April 14 at Grand Forks, B.C., warn ed his followers they must \u201crid themselves of the firebug troublemakers.\u201d Premier Mitchell Hepburn of Ontario on April 14 demanded, and obtained.the vesignations of Attorney-General Arthur Roebuck sud Hon.David Croll, Minister of Public Welfare, Labor and Municipal affairs.Premier Hepburn stated that for the present he would take over Mr.Croll's portfolios and Paul Leduc, Minister of Mines, -would temporarily act as Attorney-General.Mayor Alex C.Hall of Oshawa on April 14 demanded the strike call in the United States General Motors plants to surnort Canadian workers In their demands.Recommendation that proceedings be taken against the person responsible for \u201cgalling\u201d of assay ores from the property of Rubec Mines Limited, in Northern Quebec, was contained in a statement made public on April 18 by Edouard As- selin, Assistant Attorney-General of Que- bee.The report, based on an inquiry by Willle Amyot, registrar of the Quebec Securities Act, upheld a claim by J.M.\" Godfrey, Ontario Securities Commission er, that assay samples had been \u201csalted.\u201d The British Columbia Legislature was dissolved on April 15 and Premier T.D.Pattullo set June 1 both as a date for an election and for a plebiscite on the contentious state health insurance plan.Nominations wili be made May 11.After the United Automobile Workers of America agreed in Detroit on April 15 to settle the General Motors strike at Oshaws on a \u201cCanadian\u201d basis without recognition of the C.LO.as an \u201cinternational\u201d jabor organization, Premier Mit- ehell Hepburn called a conference of WITNESS and Canadief Hemestend, APRIL 21, 1967.company and union \u2018oMcials at his office for 11 o'clock next morning.Premier Hepburn of Ontario on A] 5 caused 4he ousting of Joseph senior solicitor in the Attorney General's Department.Dominion officials recalled RCMP.trom Toronto st Premier Hepburn's ree quest on April 15 after a plea still more police aid had been .Premier Hepburn termed Ottawa's attitude \u201cvacillating.\u201d Mrs.C.Alton, Mrs.A.M.Rose and W.Greenwood of Montreal, four nesses of Jehovah, sfif-described as \u201ctrue tollowers of Jesus Christ,\u201d were convict- - ed on April 18 on charges of seditious conspiracy for which they were arrested more than three years ago.A jury in court of King's Bench added a rider to its verdict, recommendirig \u201cthe prisoners to the clemency of the.court\u201d (Louis Lemay, counsel for the four Jehovah Witnesses convicted Apr.15 by a Crimipal Assizes Court jury on a charge of seditious conspiracy, announced that, despite the fact sentences have not yet been pronounced, he will enter an appeal against the court's decision.) - H.L.Cummings, Deputy Minister of Municipal Affairs, was dismissed on April 16 by the Ontario Government.Premier Hepburn announced.Homer Martin, president of the United Automobile Workers of America, announced on April 17 that the invitation of Premier Mitchell Hepburn for a Conference between striking General Motors employees and company officials had been accepted.in's statement said C.H.Millard, pr t of the Oshawa local of the UAW.A, and J.L.Cohen, counsel for the local, would attend \u201cwith the committee on behalf of the union.\u201d Poliee were called on April 16 to the Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood settlement near Grand Porks, B.C., to remove a small group of recal- citrants from the religious sect\u2019s colony.Prefier T.D.Pattullo asked co-opera- tion of Dominion authorities in attempts to solve British Columbia's Doukhobor problem on April 16 as word was received trom Grand Forks in the sbuth-cen- tral section of the province, that work on the Federal Government's new airway radio beam station there had been halted by Doukhobor threats of violence to workmen.\u2018 \u2014\u2014 Third session of the eighth Saskatchewan Legislature was pr.on April 16 by Lieut-Governor A.P.McNab.Right of employees to organize in trade unions- and to bargain collectively was recognized by law in Nova Scotia on April 18.The measure was introduced by Opposition Leader Col.G.S.Harrington, and was later qualified by certain Government amendments.Shortly after wards, prorogation of the fourth session of the province's 1Tth Legislature since Confederation took place.Premier Hepburn claimed on April, 18 he had \u201cdefinite knowledge\u201d organizers for the Committee for Industrial Organization are trying to bring \u2018on strikes at the International Nickel mine near Sud- bury \u2018and in the Kirkland Lake and Porcupine mining areas.Premier Mitchell F.Hepburn, Premier of Ontario, broke off conference with the Oshaws strikers and General Motors officials on April 17, declaring he would not be party to a \u2018\u201cMartin-Thompson\u201d negotiation by remote control as J.L.Cohen, union conusel telephoned Homer Martin, automobile union international leader, from the Prime Minister's office.Protection for the investing public is provided in amendments to the Manitoba Securities Act given third reading on Ap- vil 17 before the first session of the 20th Legislature was prorogued by Lieut.- Governor W.J.Tupper.The amendments provided that auditors of brokerage houses in the province be required to report to the Winnipeg Stock Exchange auditor on all their findings.The Exchange auditor will aubmit his information to the - Exchange\u2019s governing body whieh is empowered to require any brokerage person or company to change bookkeeping methods in the public interest.Olivar Asselin, French Canadian editor, writer, commentator and critic, who serve, ed for a short while last year, as chairman of the Quebec Old Age Pensions Commission died on Aprii 18 He was 62 years of age.Premier Willlam Aberhart on April 18 advised insurgent Social Credit members of the Alberta lature that they should elther stand behind the Government or cross the floor of the Rouse.Premier T.D.Pattullo of British Co- lumbis, announced on April 18 Prime Minister Mackenzie King had informed bim he was considering appointment of a Royal Commission to Investigate the he Wawandsa mutdut Insurance Company anada's Largest re Mutual le Rk Ta JF Our best year 5 in your service: Te guarantes you (and every careful Canadian) the best insur - ance that money cam buy, at the lowest rates Ineurance\u2014that je the purpese of the Wawansse To guarentes you vimest protection, the Wowenese Dominion 7 operates registry and supervision; has deposited with the Government\u2014$534,000.00; reserves-$781,000.00; surplus\u20148774- 000.00; total admitted aosete\u2014$1,883,000.00 (plus over $006,000.00 in unassessed Western notes).Every dollar available to protect careful owners; belps them prevent losses; pays te shareholders\u2014but direct to you, in lowest safe rates; sets rates on experience, independent of any rate-fixing combine.Waweceæ rates are definite; no Wowsasss policyholder can be liable for one cent beyond his premium.pany.oul in service, strength and success.In 1996, assets increased by over $200,000.00.In two years, 1985 and °36, net premiums increased 48%, reserve 67%, surplus 33%, Government deposit 72%, admitted aseets 4%.> Esstemm Office: » < = « « p Tereate, 341 Church Rt.Boonches avers Conds ob voa fa Err \"SEE Doukhobor situation in Canada and recommend a permanent solution.Warning that the McIntyre-Porcupine and Hollinger gold mines- would be \u201cindefinitely shut down\" if strikes were call ed at either of their properties was given Awl 19 by the presidents of the More than 3,000 strikers on April 19 unanimously rejected proposals presented \u2018 to them by Mayor Alex Hall of Oshawa from General Motors of Canada.The company offered higher wages on a five-day, 44-hour week basis.It was indicated in announcement of the strikers\u2019 decision that of the company to retognize the United Automobile Workers of \u2018 America was the factor which resulted in rejection of the proposals.: Licensing of all international trade unions, as & means of controlling the activities of unions.affiliated with the C10, is under consideration by the Ontario Government, Premier Mitchell Hepburn announced on April 19.Arthur W.Roebuck, on April 19 resigned his post as member of the Ontarie Hydro-Rleciric Power Commission.Hearing of the Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission appeal against Chief - BUT.ARE YOU CERTAIN?Justice dues E Bose's judgment fd Sickness, fire, accident, what- EEE Le me a member of the court due to his opinion ! on a question of law involved.ally to all of ws \u2014 is your car \u2014 for rural school quick enough, sure enough?Maybe the roads are blocked » » » Maybe a tire is flat .In emergency what you need mom is a TELEPHONE $301 annually for a primary school teacher in the northern region of Outaouais to $159.92 in the Lower St Lawrence River district, according to the annual report of the Department of Education as tabled on April 19 in the Legislature._\u2014\u2014 Sister Dominions Sean MacEntee, Finance Minister, on t onn de Valera on April 14 told the Dail that the Pree State Government would pate in the ple of the Free State."]