Witness, 9 juin 1937, mercredi 9 juin 1937

[" WITNESS Working with those who are united in good will .Established 1848 Vol XCIL No.B WITHESS EDITORS: Joux Doucazr, Founder, 1848\u20141870 Jonw REPATH DOUGALL, 1870\u20141934 Faxpænicx BE.DovoaLy, 1934\u2014 The present Baitor is the soie proprietes.matter Jaly 18, 1906, a4 Botered as Second-ciass = ly he Offios at Bt.All 'srmont, oe aren ten (Soc.830, P, L and RL).The Week\u2019s Outlook THE GENERAL DOES NOT DIE IN BED HE most dramatic incident in the Spanish civil war last week was the death of General Emilio Mola Vidal, second to General Franco in the insurgent command, and leader of the drive on Bilbao, the Basque capital.He was flying from his headquarters at Vitoria to Burgos, having taken off in fog after an impatient walt for clearer weather.two days after the outbreak of the rebellion, a plane taking off from Lisbon for Salamanca, crashed without getting twenty feet off the ground and cremated General José Banjuro y Sacanell, terminating the career of the real strong-man of the military uprising, and leaving the leacership in the hands of those intended as lieutenants.) - Sanjuro, Mola and Franco won their soldiers\u2019 Ia Moroeoo together.Et remains to seen how fatal the loss of the first two will prove, the former as key man, the second as strategist, for General Mola has been described as the ablest military leader of the rebel army.General Moia was fifty years of age and a vigorous commander of the Cariist monarchists, bitter foes of ex~ King Alfonso XIII and his monarchist party.At the outbreak he drove down from the nori while the others were seizing the south and it was he who pressed the attack against the fellow- Catholics of the Basque country, who stubbornly fought for autonomy on the side of the republic.Today a new commander is pressing the assault against Bilbao, and his Success or failure may be the measure of Mola\u2019s loss to the insurgents.But after all, as the world may some day realise, the real battles of Spain are not being fought amid that country\u2019s mountains but across tables in London, Paris, Berlin, Rome and Geneva \u2014while the neutral powers stand by, consenting.- The Diplematic Freat MEANWHILE, a8 the military fighting remained at a stalemate, the European statesmen were strenuously wrestling with the non-intervention question in an effort.to re-establish conditions as existing prior to the Deutachland-Almeria incidents.Great Britain tried to assure Germany that if she would only return to her former place in the Non-Intervention Committee, she could be certain of British friendship.Thy Eden plan for withdrawal of the foreign \u201cvolunteers\u201d fighting on both sides was also kept on the agenda of negotiations, while efforts were concentrated on re-estab- lishing the Non-Iutervention patrol.Germany asked that, if she consented to return, the other nations bind themselves to attack any aggressor Against any other member of the Patrol.The Soviet Union saw a dan- \u20acor of this device beina used to dre\u2014 \u2014though differing in opinion and method \u2014 toward a better world France and Britain into the conflict against the Spanish Government.Indications are that Italy and Germany will return to the patrol, reserving the right to attack Aggressors and \u201cto shoot first.\u201d But while Britain and France are busy with efforts to reconstitute the committee\u2014elther on the old basis or as France now suggests, as a united patrol participated in by all countries in the Non-Intervention Committee\u2014 Italy and Germany were consulting in Rome as Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, Hitler's War Minister, visited Premier Mussolini, Seemingly for the pleasure of watching the Italian land and sea forces on display.At times, however, reports indicated intensification of the Nazi-Fascist cooperation aginst \u201cthe threat of Communism.\u201d No open indication has been given as yet as to the real significance of these moves and only events will reveal how much of surmise is terrible truth.For the moment the isolation of the war in Spain has been again successful.There is a possibility that the outside world will fall to appreciate the extent to which this is due to the reformers, Intellectuals, idealists and astute politicans who play an active part in the Spanish People\u2019s Front.Instead of recognizing what they\u2019 claim is a de facto state of war after the Almeria bombardment, the Valencia leaders restrained themselves to the limits of diplomatic protest to the nations of Europe and reservation of their right to claim compensation for damages.Their Foreign Minister, te Vays.In Pann Skala ~- mitting the Spanish Gov ve case to the World Court at The Hague, surely setting a high example of desire to establish a new day In settling international disputes by international law.He also affirmed the willingness of the Spanish Government either as high idealism or as very clever International politics, but whatever view one may take, it reflects highly upon Senor del Vayo and his colleagues.To unde! is it must be remembered that the mem who, make up the Spanish Government are a body such will hardly be found in any othet country in the world: students of social and economic conditions, they were driven to take political thought during the for- /) AT MAIRIE IT 1) ; \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014wg Tl 4 lors AIT a\u201d a A Ee + mer dictatorship and, acting in cooperation with the leaders of the working class, they naturally turn to the solutions urged in recent times by the world's leading thinkers on world problems.At the same time there is hard common sense in their ideas of world order and law, for how else can amall nations or democratic countries stand in the face of egoistic brute force?Senor del Vayo was a journalist at the League of Nations before he became a delegate and he is pressing for the practice now of the principles to which worid statesman paid lip-service in his hearing so often in the past.If nothing else it is an astute bid for world sympathy.And who will deny that only along such lines and by determined efforts to prevent the spread of armed clashes can peace be achieved?MR.HEPBURN BREAKS WITH MR.KING REMIER HEPBURN'S break with the Federal Liberal Party and his castigation of Mr.Mackenzie King for vacilletion is simply a belated and, apparently, intentionally blatant confession of something that has long been an accomplished fact.\u201cCan two walk together unless they be agreed?\u201d Mr.Hepburn and the Liberals at Ottawa have long been out of step and at loggerheads over matters on which the group at the Capital could take no attitude other than what they did and still retain any pretence of liber- allem.The chief issue concerns the efforts of thew CL rourp of trade unlons, ai by Mr.John L.Lewis to organize Canadian workers.The Liberal party hes made no effort to dispute the right of working men to Joln any union of their choice, whether that uulon be national, international or parochial.Mr.Hepburn appears to be unable to control himself whenever any mention is made of the CIO.He takes just the attl- tude that is followed by the ali-too- powerful mining magnates with whom he is in such close touch and who are 80 patently afraid of the onset of any kind of union that will not consent to act simply as a rubber stamp for the employers.Mr.Hepburn\u2019s ostentatious parading of force during the Oshawa strike, and particularly his mobilization of a special group of young members of the bourgeois on approved Fascist lines, instead of PREMIERS PAINT AN OGRE \u2014Areh Dale in the Winnipeg Free Prem MONTREAL, June 9, 1937 being taken as a causus belll by the strikers, was made to appear decidedly foolish In contrast to the generally ,orderly behavior of the strikers and everyone else concerned.Mr.Du- Plessis of Quebec and Mr.Hepburn of Ontario, the latter leading the English and Protestant province, the former heading the anti-English and ultramontagne government of Quebec, have become running mates in their proclamations of the supremacy of the two central provinces and in their designs to embarrass the Dominion Government.Mr.Duplessis dislike of the Dominion Government and of all kinds of radicals and socialists is not surprising.But that Mr.Hepburn, the demagogue of not 20 long ago and.the self-proclaimed champion of radicalism against the \u201cInterests\u201d should now step into the breach against the very mild reform- ism that trade unionism of the Lewis type represents, is merely one more demonstration of the folly of taking at face value the politician who, nois- ly politic, is lacking in principle.After all, if you scream loudly enough, someone will stop and listen.The defection of Mr.Hepburn may not prove any particular disaster or cause much perturbation to the Dominion Government which, since last Summer, has plumed itself on Mr, King's dissociation of the Federal Liberal party from the Taschereau and God- bout Quebec Liberal Government, which latter came such a cropper in the electoral contest with Mr.Du- Plessis.Liberalism\u2019s stock went up as à result of that repudiation.A Dominion Liberal party that has had all its ties \u2018with Mr.Hepbwsn completely severed will be in a better and leas equivocal position than one sharing the odium he is 50 busily creating.While Mr.Hepbum may very well be trying to work up the right mood among the provincial electors for an appeal at the polls.Dictators result from the massing of any kind of power in the hands of one group.A political or financial dictatorship, or a combination of the two, such as Mr.Hepburn would mobilize, is surely as bad as a dictatorship which could command a large fololwing in overalls.Until Mr.Hepburn shows he is against ali dictatorships and their racketeering he will not convince the average citizen that he is really concerned for mass wsl- tare.BRITISH COLUMBIA REMAINS LIBERAL ROVINCIAL politics are simmering rather than bolling at the moment\u2014although Nova- Scotia is engaged in an election campaign, British Columbia has just come from the polls, Alberta is dividing into sparring camps, and Ontario is assuming an air of expectancy on the eve of new developments.Results of the British Columbia elections reflect the general feeling of Canadians in these times.Premier T.D.Pattullo and his Liberal supporters were returned only slightly reduced in numbers since the last legislature.Perhaps the most striking feature of the \u201creturns\u201d was the repetition of the word \u201cunchanged\u201d after s0 many constituencies.Under the energetic leadership of De.F.P.Patterson, the Conservative Party which had simply ceased to exist at the time of the previous provincial election, has staged a comeback by winning the position of official opposition, a testimony to the desp-rooted principles and interests it must express.% WITNESS and Canadian Homestead, JUNE 2%, 1867.The Co-operative Osmmonwealth Federation, whith fer a time stood es the only alternative te the Liberal regime, waz riven by personal and doctrinal disputes culminating in the expulsion of thelr House leader, Rev.Robert Connell of Victoria, and three other CCF.MLA's from the Fed- emtion, and their organization of the British Columbia Social Constructive party.How many seats this rupture cast the socialists, it is impossible to sy, but fourteem Social Censtructive candidates, all defeated, may be taken as having split the vote fatally in at least ten seats.As it ls, the CCF.has the same strength as it had orig- ACESEE Freed IH § {sil Lert Eek BEL ik i ie bah ge i i F - DA Wey declared te \u201cTrotakyism.\u201d Mr.Pattullo's victory may be cred- Hed to approval of his record and the efforts he has made to administer the province's affairs in the best Liberal party tradition.It indicated approval of the inclusion of the territory of | pian made law by the last B.C.legislature, was waylsié by a belatedly aroused opposition within the medical profession.It is to be hoped that the opposition was aimed at genwine de- of the old measure and that the pre \"agé Ë F ! § 4 ê i 3 dred-and-one things to talk about and, for the present, behind closed @oors.Very Mile lafermation has been given as to what was being mid or done.Two matters of great almost certainly the i is to E à commitments on sanctions\u201d There is an element in British politics that is unfriendly to the League.There is an element in Canadian journalism that never loses an opportunity to sneer at i as a weak, ineffective fad of idealists.There is another element that would turn # into a mere field for academic discus- at that it would serve a as to mutual defense.Or, as some of those opposed to the League hold, we should rely om the Uunited States for protection.But that would just as certainly involve us in obligations.A real League of Peoples with a sound pregram of mutual interoourse and service and, incidentally, with am international pelice ferce to back wp its decisions as regards nations that Tun amok, is the only policy that can offer security.With such a program the present state of insscutty and alarm weuld pass Mke a nightmare.\u201cAn Opgpertaaiéz* - ATIONAL trade is à subject of major importance in auch a pro- EPRESENTATIVES of the British Government at the Intervention Committee raised the question of the bombing of open towns.The representatives of other countries indicated that their Governments shared the hope of Great Britain that the: con- aid that \u201cone might as well talk of humanising Neil.\u201d In Mis eccentrie manner he deciared that the proper thing to do was to state that you tmtended to \u201cbafi your prisoners im oll.\u201d War never can be humanised and the civil populatisns always suffer, always have suffered.At Mariborough's great battle of Bienheir, With fire and- sword the country round Was wasted far and wide, And many a chiiding mother then, And new-born infant died.But things like that, you Know, must be At every famous victory.- The Germans bombed cities in the World War and the Allies bombed German cities in reprisal.It was all «a matter of \u201cmilitary necessity\u201d, an excuse that can be made to cover anything and everything.The Manchester Guardian calls to mind that the Disarmament Conference would have had air forces wholly abolished and civilian aircrafît internationalised and placed under à system of control An ironclad agreement to this effect would de the only guarantee against à strategic aaset of the unscrupulous belligerent.And once the war spirit and blood-lust dominates, no treach- place, especially so to the side that feels the need of resort to \u201cToul play.\u201d Overcoming War EMERAL SMUTS, that great- souled South African whe has been so much on the side of everything that is fast, pure, lovely, and of good report ir \u201cie world of interna- don at the Imperial Conference to give à lead towards & saner and sounder course.As a preliminary to à solid basis of peace, General Smuts suggested readiness to enter into amicable trade relations, as a beginning towards providing gredtly improved material relations for humanity as a whole.Better trade relations may seem to many to be a somewhat prosaic method of achieving what is in reality a i | : i Ë il EsStié Hit Ë Ë à k | | | said Bir Archibald.Nations must learn that they ave their brothers\u2019 keepers.Suffering and oppression are the concern of mankind the world over.Just ervelty of an unnatural parent, so a of warid conscience, even to the ex- LEAVE THEM ALONE FE Kos heme and Mrs.Wallis Warfield were married last week.The woman for whom he surrendered everything is now his.For the bridegroom the pleige \u201cforsaking all other\u201d in the exchange of vows in the ceremony has a peculiar sig- nifieance; in his case it had meant the affection of the royal groom for his bride there can be no acintilla of doubt.He has demonstrated that alone will preclude it.À vuigar world is agape and its vulgar press and screen Will cater to and further stimulate the morbid palate of the crowd.We were glad that the Duke was eager for a religious marriage, for which he had made such sacrifice, and for God's blessing on the union; and that one clergyman had it in his heart bo invoke It.And who could think that God would conform to the views of the ecclesiastical or state authorities or to the officiating clergyman or the bride or bridegroom to what extent any of these were In opposition to His will.Or who could think that He would refuse to recognise and bless & union resulting from true love and contracted lawfully, simply on technical grounds or considerations of state?Edward's folly and sin was his toying with the heart of a woman married to another man.It is to his great credit that, after doing the mischief of separating her from her then husband, he did not cast her into the discard of flirts and light-o\u2019-loves, but stepped down from a throne which she might not share that he might share with her a common way of life.Legally and, we believe, in the sight of God, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor would have been married just as validly even if thé efforts of the bishops to deny church sanction to their union had been successful.There are some parts of the world, Quebec, for instance, where clerical interference with perfectly valid marriages will only be ended by the insti- - tution of civil marriage such as that which legally united the Duke and Duchess of Windsor.The second religious ceremony was not the legal marriage.Had it not been preceded by the civil ceremony at which the Mayor officiated it would, under the laws of France.have been a meaningless farce.To force non-religious people to be married by a clergyman is to breed hypocrisy on all concerned.A civil marriage should express and satisfy civil law.And religious marriage should follow by all who regard marriage as a sacrament under the law and blessing of God.BACK TO ANNULMENTS HEN Chief Justice Green- shields last March administered emphatic rebuff to the practice of annulling marriages on purely ecclesiastical grounds, optimistic predictions were made that the evil would end.But last wéek, Mr.Justice For- tier in the Superior Court in Montreal, one of the minority of judges who hold to this anti-social procedure, got back into the old rut by an- nuling a marriage that had been celebrated by a Protestant clergyman, this time an Ontario minister, Rev.J.Blodgett of Toronto.There were the.usual pleas that the officlating cler- tyman was negligent in his duties in failing to establish the identity of the parties, that the marriage was contracted where the bride was domiciled instead of in the parish of the groom, and that the clergyman had not demanded proof that banns of marriage had been published\u2014thus calmly ignoring the provision both in Ontario and Quebec that marriage licerice is legal authority to Le clergyman to perform the marriage without publication of banns.The real reason, of course, which\u2019 these annulling judges do not csre to obtrude too much, if &ny other reason can be offered.is that the couple were of different re- liglous faiths and that the marriage was celebrated by a Protestant clergyman, instead of by a Roman Catholic priest.The husband, the Roman Catholic Party to the marriage and the petitioner for ils annulment, mads some interesting admissions.He declared that he had gone to Toronto to evade the Quebec law to which he was sub- Ject.He was anxious to sacape the impediment existing under Quebec law in the different religious beliefs of himself and his bride to be.So he, WITNESS and Canadian Hémestend, JUNE 9, 1087.asked the Court to annul the marriage on the ground that he, not his unfortunate bride, had side-stepped the law.A new method of promoting respect for the law.It reminds us of some of the American bankers who obtained loans from the Reconstruc- tlon Finance Corporation of Mr.Hoover.When called upon to repay the millions they Had borrowed they pleaded that the R.F.C.lacked constitutional authority to advance those loans, consequently they should not be asked to pay them back! Needless to say the considerations advanced by the husband in this case would be ruled out as preposterous by any court not leashed to a clericalism quite indifferent to the human m!is- ery caused by thelr disruption of homes.No Canadian is bounded, so far as marriage Is concerned, solely by the law of his natlye province.If he establishes domicile in any province to antisfy the requirements of Hts Civil Code concerning marriage, the law of that province is the one to which he must conform.The so- called impediment to this marriage in \u2018the conflicting faiths does not exist at all even in the Civil Code of Quebec, according to its interpretation by the greater number of Judges of the Superior Court of Quebec, by the Supreme Court of Canada and by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, All these affirnk the equal validity of marriages celebrated by duly qualified clergy irrespective of thelr denomination and that of.the parties to the marriage contract.Passage of the bill introduced in the House of Commons by Mr.TL Church last session and allowed to die would have remedied this abuse.Mr.Church's bill would have compelled judges in Quebec as elsewhere to base their decisions in conformity with the latest ruling of the Privy Council, or other final Court of Appeal.Until some such statute is passed this sore travesty of justice will continue, for there is no hope of any amendment from the Duplessis Government of Quebec, which is entirely under the thumb of the Roman Catholic hlerarchy of the province.And now that Mr.Hepburn has become a Siamese twin, or is It the shadow, of Mr.Duplessis, the people of Ontario and of Canada might well fear what the pair would do could they together win to the seats of the mighty on Capital Hill, Ottawa.One wonders where the presumption of jurisdiction of these Quebec judges will end.Having already presumed to annul a marriage legally contracted in Ontarto\u2014partly on the score that the man, in Quebec law the Important factor, was domiciled in Quebec\u2014will they hesitate to annul marriages legally contracted in the the United States and Britain, or in such a Roman Catholic country as Belgium, or in Italy, and even in ihe diocese of the Holy Father himself, should the man later have estab- blished domicile in the province?Is Quebec and the Roman Catholic Church in Quebec to outbid Reno for this anti-social and sordid business?Must all Canada share that disgrace?Hot Gold From the New York Nation.HERE could be no surer sign .that the fires of reform are burning low in Washington than the undue prominence that has been given recen.ly to the subject of \u201chot gold\u201d The problem is by no means a new one.For more than four years gold has been pouring steadily into the country.At the end of 1932 the national gold stocks were $4,226,000,000, which was near.y a billion and a half more than was needed as backing for our currency.At the end of 1934 they had risen to no less than $8,238,000,000 in devalued dollars.By the end of 1936 we had added another three billion, bringing the total to $11,258,000,000.By the middle of this May we held approxima.ely $11,900,000,000, or more than 53 per cent of the world's supply of monetary gold.Meanwhile, stimulated by unpre- \u2018eedented prices, gold production has risen to record heights.The increase in 1936 was larger than in any year in history, except after the three big gold strikes in Transvaal, California, and Australia.The spectacle of miners the world over working feverishly to dig out ever-increasing amounts of the yellow metal only to have it taken to Fort Knox and burled once more in the earth has been the subject of many well-taken quips.There can be no doubt that the United States is suffering from one of the most colossal gyp games in history, albelt one in which we laid down the rules.Go!d is considerably overvalued in terms of American currency.Every ounce of the metal which we obtain from abroad has to be paid for, ultimately, in the product of \u201ccheap\u201d American labor.Although we get only about two-thirds as much gold per unit of labor as before the depression, we have been buying huge amounts on these terms.AH this would not be so bad if Lt served any useful purpose.But the accumulation of more than half the world's, gold supply In the United States means that a number of countries are deprived of sufficient gold to stabilise their currencies and abolish trade restrictions.And the gold is of no concelvable value to us as long as we continue to keep out foreign imports.We have accumulated gold because we did not want goods.Moreover the recent moves of the Federal Reserve Board to reduce excess reserves and \u201csteri.ize\u201d gold imports were prompted by fear lest our huge reserves stimulate a runaway infia- tion.The United States is an Inleg- ral part of the world economic system, and any action we take which is injurious to world stability must ultima'ely react against our well- being.The only real gainers from $35 gold, apart from the Soviet government, are the owners of mining stocks, who in some instances have reaped fortunes.Devaluation time to think of all this was obviously before devaluing the dollar by 41 per cent when a much smaller devaluation would have achieved the desired purpose.There was scarcely an economist in the country who did not polnt out at that time the very pitfalls into which we are now stumbling.The undervaluing of the dollar was bound to bring huge capital imports and to distort our normal trade balance.It was certain to be followed by an unhealthy rise in prices.But that damage has largely been done.The question is now whether it would be wise to reverse the pi by reducing the buying price of gold from $35 an ounce to, say, $30.Many economists have openly supported the proposal The president of the Bank of International Settlements has suggested that Be price of gold be reduced throughout the world as a means of checking the increase in gold production.A reduction in the price of gold would undoubtedly have certain good results.It would definitely eliminate the threat of an immediate inflation, and would check the influx of capital which is now causing great concern.But there are certain dangers involved in fighting fire with fire.Any change in value of a currency, whether up or down, is bound to have profo repercussions \u201cthroughout the economic system, as was lllustrated by the recent collapse of the stock market on the rumor or revaluation.New maladjustments are created and a period of instability ensues.Nothing can be more disastrous to business confidence than continued uncertainty regarding the value of the monetary unit.While something must obviously be done to check the continuous Inflow of hot gold, it is not necessary to resort to a measure as drastic as revaluation What is really necessary to restore world economic stability is for the United States to discharge its responsibility as a leading creditor na'ion.This implies accepting a substantial surplus of imports over exports.While this process might be accelerated by raising the value of the dollar, it can also be achieved, at considerably less cost.by more vigorously pressing Secretary Hulls\u2019 program for tariff reduction.Once abnormal barriers to trade are removed, the gold qustion will take care of itself.The vanguard of mankind is MAN who did as much as any A one man could for the modern ideal of general enlightenment, was Denis Diderot.He was born 224 years ago at Langres in France, the son of a prosperous cloth merchant; and Hke many another famous man, was educated at a Jesult college where he studied ecclesiastical history and the law.His interests, however, were too broad for either the Church or a legal practice.He went into jour- nallsm where he soon developed a remarkably fluent literary style.The range of this man\u2019s reading was enormous, and he proved to have a veritable genius for the assimilation and reinterpretation of knowledge.He could grasp the etsentials of almost any subjeot, and wrote essays on philosophy, art, chemistry, literature, anatomy or medicine with equal facility, and always with a great wealth of original comment.At that time Chambers's Encyclopedia, published in Scotland, came to his attention, and he at once concelved the project of à similar work for France.But in hls hands it was to be a work of far wider scope and purpose than the original.Publisher and financial backing were found about 1750, and he was inevitably entrusted with the editarsh'o.He called upon the most brilliant _\u2014 Pioneers! O Pioneers! an army of immortal names from all recorded history, not truly its present leaders, but minds he could discover, among them , Voltaire, D\u2019Alembert and Rousseau.Diderot\u2019s conception of an encyclopedia was entirely secular, his chief atm being to break the hold which religious dogma had on the popular mind.Behind the scenes, therefare, there went on a continuous intrigue for and against publication.At one time a quantity of manuscript was seized to be turned to the uses of a Catholic counter-work; but the notes were in an illegible short-hand.The editor appealed to the Government, regained them, and the work went forward for twenty years of devotion.This movement was really in the nature of an intellectual revolution much akin to the Renaissance of the 14th century.In his own very extensive contributions, Diderot always emphasised the values of common human life; and his views on econoniic organization, law and education, were much in advance of his time.He taught, for instance, that government should exist only for social service.In philosophy he was a convinced materialist, and he even foreshadowed theories in blo- logy which were not fully worked out for more than a hundred years later.In later life he travelled in Holland, Germany and Russia, winning the ad- mivaon of all who were to meet him, He died at the age of seventy-one.\u2014G.Mol. which threatens to grow into a major earthquake.And Schiller is 10 blame: A Nordic Schiller, pure Ger- For they don\u2019t know what in the world to do about it.You see, it all happened this way.Some theatrical producer, about for a play that would satisfy the dramatic tastes of German audiences, and with which the authorities could find no complaint that it was not a German work and therefore exercise censorship and ruin him financially, chose Frederick Schiller\u2019s \u201cDon Carlos\u201d But, promptéd from what sources no one knows, the producer was more astute than appeared at first sight.Perhaps he knew a passage in the \u201cEncyclopaedia Britannica,\u201d which reads: \u201cSchiller\u2019s art, with its broad clear lines, unambiguous moral sues, and its enthusiastic optimism, has appealed with peculiar force to German peoples, especially periods of political despendency.\u201d JT is that last qualifying phrase, which Hitler, Goebbels, Goering & Company apprised themselves of much too late.In a Germany that is forced to prefer cannons to butter, that is forced to send German troops to foreign Spain, that is seething with internal espionage, that is crammed - into mass formations, that is whisked off to concentration camps at the least political provocation, in a Germany whose people (numbering 60,000,- 000 since the beginning of the dictatorship) prefer personal poverty in free mite.And why?This is why: Schiller wrote \u201cDon Carlos\u201d in 1785, when the its essence, the drama is a poetic and apostrophe to human freé- Its action can be outlined as hero, the Marquis Posa, à grandee of Spain, has set his face against his sovereign, Philip IL, the man who eventually brought Spain dom.i to ruin.The time is sixteenth-cen- tury Europe, and everywhere except in the Renaissance, with its on Discovery, Truth and to help unite the Germanic states against the designs of the tyrannical Joseph who sought to draw the various princedoras under his aegis.But the content of the play applies with equal force to the current acene in Nasi Germany.The application, in fact, 1s almost s0 astonishing that one tapes in amasement.PHILIP, who is not aware of Poss's antagonism to his activities and plans, orders an audience, and demands why he persistently keeps himself from Court.Posa, at considerable risk, speaks the truth of his own soul.He charges Philip with cruelty and inhumanity, and cries out against the violently subversive power which Philip wields.He asks: \u201cDo you hope to end \u2018What you have now begun?Say, do you hope To check the ripening change In Christendom?Would yon, alone in Europe fling yourse! Before the rapid wheel of Destiny?\u201d Warming to his self-imposed task of eritic, Poss exclaims with a passion that doubtless snoulders in many German breasts: You would plant Por all eternity, and yet the seeds You sou around you are the sede WITNESS and Canadian HNemestesd, JUNE 9, 1997.Dictatorship in a Dilemma From the Winnipeg Free Press.This hopeless task, with nature's laws at strife Will ne'er survive the spirit of its founder! - In vain you waste your high and : royal life In projects of destruction.\u201d CAN you wonder that audiences cram the theatre, and ait tense and silent as the play's action advances?Can you wonder that they edge forward on their seats, expectantly, as Poga continues?\u2014 \u201cMan is greater Than you esteem him! He will burst the chains Of a long slumber, and reclaim once more His just and hallowed rights!\u201d The high point in the drama approaches.Posa calms himself earnestly pleads not for the divine right of rulers but for the divine rights of men: \u201cRestore us all you have deprived us And generous as strong, let happiness : Plow from your hom of plenty! Let man\u2019s mind Empire\u2014give us Ripen in your vast back All you have taken from us! .\u201d and - truth An image of the Deity himself! Nover did mortal man possess.50 much ; For purpose 0 divine! .one pen- stroke now, .One motion of your hand, can new create The Barth! But grant us Liberty of Thought!\u201d AT this point the drama reaches its climax.The audiences can no longer contain themselves.And in the darkened theatre, safe from spying eyes, they burst into spontaneous applause, \u2014applause which echoes through the theatre and out onto the street and right to the ears of Hitler, Goebbels, Goering & Company.\u201cGrant us liberty of thought! .Restore all you have taken! .Man will burst his chains!\u201d The words vibrate across Germany.And Teutonic dictators squirm nervously.But what can they do?Ban a classic, & true Nordle German classic, and 20 deny the Germany they claim to be recreating?And if they don\u2019t suppress it, will that app'ause gather momentum and thunder into action?Not in the Headlines\u2014of the Popular Press From the Nofrontier News Service.\u2018 A \u201cRIGHT\u201d BOOK CLUB Geneva \u2014Gollanes in London, enterprising publishing house, has been very successful with its Left Beok Club, by which liberal and radical books, otherwise selling for $1.50 to $3, were distributed to subscribers for about 50 cents.Among the volumes printed were John Strachey\u2019s \u201cSocialism,\u201d and Noel-Baker's \u201cThe Private Manufgcture of Armaments.\u201d In order to counteract the suceess of the Left Book Club with its 50,000 members, a national association has moved to form the Right Book Club.Its volumes will be bound_appropriately in royal purple cloth.This new Tory venture proposes to produce \u201ccommon sense books\u201d and publish documents by admirals on the need for a bigger navy, by White Russians on the Soviet Union, and by \u201cfamous authors and lecturers\u201d on foreign affairs.Appropriately, the catalogue contains a note on the \u201cgrowth of subversive propaganda,\u201d an attack on the United Front In politics, and of \u201cour unique heritage of individual liberty and government by free discussion.\u201d PRAYER FOR THE DEAD Relations between the Greek Of- war has brought a curious change.The officials in charge of the Russian churches in Switserland (White Russians), discovered suddenly that Iacked a requiem service for the tholics killed in the Rebel armies Spain.This missing prayer for the dead was quickly added and the date of its introduction was April 14, 1937, the anniversary of the foundation the Spanish Republic.EOF sss FUTILITY OF THE ARMS RACE London \u2014That the huge expenditures of the Britlah Government for rearmament, particularly at sea, will quantitative in numbers of ships or guali- tative in size and power of individual ships, were matched at once by similar increases by the other.tive naval strengths were not sensibly altered and there was no of security for any Power; the only definite result of unrestricted naval com- petilion was that naval costs continually mounted for all alike.ETHIOPIA AGAIN Geneva \u2014Drawing attention of the League of Nations to tbe recent massacres in Addis Ababa (which, ae- cording to eye-witness reports printed in the April 8 issue of the \u201cJournal des Nations,\u201d eliminated the entire native adult male population of the Ethiopian capital, a petition has been drawn up and sent to the Sec- retary-General.Representatives of such bodies as the League of Nations Union, the British Commonwealth League, British universities, women\u2019s co-operative organizations, and var- ous religious bodies have signed the petition.Among the aigr.atories are such outstanding personalities as Lord Dickinson, Mrs.Corbett Ashby, A.Ruth Fry, and Mrs.Pethick Lawrence.Under normal circumstances such a document would have received semi-official, if not official, publicity by the League Secretariat, but at the present moment the League mechan- .jam is so anxious to please Mussolini that even the receipt of the document was scarcely whispered among the League officials.Thanks to the effort of those who drew up the petition, the \u201cJournal des Nations\u201d has made the document public.\u2018 unite with triotion at its best, but ideally goes Beyond it; our faith knows no national ldljness is a se.second best.For in the wholesale but- Contemporary Press [- FREE-SPEECH AT MCGILL By Eugene Forsey, in a Letter te The New Commenwealth (Teremtio) Sir:\u2014The May 22 issue of The New Commonwealth raises points on which I should like to comment: First, reference to the resignation of Principal Morgan of McGill: In view of this and others of a like kind, I think it plainly that no one on as far as I can discover, the resignation had any.do with any question of Newspaper reports contrary are simply reckless, ire Tesponsible and imaginative.I am sorry that The New Commonwealth contribue tors have accepted them \"at their face value, apparently without making any effort to find out whether or not they had any foundstion in fact.It is time also to say that, as far as I know, Sir Edward Beatty has never made the slightest at.direct or indirect, to discipline any member of the staff of McGill F Great Britain Mounted and foot police in London on June 1 dispersed a crowd estimated at 2000 which surged around the Cerman Embassy to protest the bombardment of Almeria by Gertnan warships.The de monsirators on the whole were orderly.A deputation of five handed a resolution condemning the Almeria shelling to an official who came out of the Em: to receive it Prime Minister Neville Chamberlin suddenly withdrew on June 1 his contentious tax on growth of profits, which had aroused criticism.The Prime Minister announced be would replace it by \u201ca simpler\u201d corporate profits levy, which would require less administrative machinery, but would yield at least as much revenue for defence and perhaps more than his original proposal The House of Commons on June 1 gave third reading to the bill known as the Civil List, providing annuities to the King and other members of the Royal Family for the duration of the present reign.The vote was 199 to 123.The Church of England on June 2 officially refused sanction to Rev.Anderson Jardine to officiate at the marriage ceremony of the Duke of Windsor and Mrs.Wallis Warfield it was announced by Rt.Rev.Basil S.Batty, Bishop of Ful ham, who has charge of Anglican chap laincies in North and Central Europe.British Dominions Prime Ministers devoted the session of the Imperial Conference on June 3 to further discussions of foreign affairs with Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden.- It was disclosed on June 6 that \"suggestions\u201d from high authority had convinced film company officials their cus tomers would not care to see the moviné pictures of the Duke of Windsor's wed- Baron Kylsant, former head of 37 come panies whose career as a shipping magnate ended with a prison sentence, died on June § in Coomb, Carmarthenshire.Heo was 74 - Great Britein raised the price of gold on June 7 -to 140 shillings 8% pence ($34.72) an ounce to discourage shipment abroad, and the Government assured investors the monetary stabilization agrees ment with the United States and France would be continued Premier Neville Chamberlain on June 7 introduced an electricity bill to the House of Commons to bring down the general level of charges by dividing the country into thirty distribution areas, in which existing companies would be consolidated.\u2018Where one private company fa clearly the most efficient in the area.it would ba required to acquire all its competitors under Government supervi- Sir Stanley Baldwin, KG, who became Earl Baldwin on June 8, has chosen tbe second title of Viscount Corvedale, it be eame known the day before.The vis- countey will fall.as a courtesy title to Baldwin, once WITNESS and Senadion Momesiond, FONE 9, 1007.\\ ns CASTLE WALK | By Mary Le Bas Copyright Thomas Nelson & Sons, (London) .Reproduced by arrangement.Synepels JH! and Carol Spencer have c subjeet of the proposed promenade is broached.On Carol's twenty- first birthday the girls find that their mother has stopped their allowance.They feel that in these cireumstances \u201cIll bet she is.Standing in that theatre night after night must be no joke.She\u2014\" \u201cCarol!\u201d The Colonel turned and stared at her.\u201cYou did know about the theatre, then?She does tell you?\u201d \u201cGood gracious, yes\u201d said Carol, surprised.\u201cShe tells me everything.She doesn't say so much to Mum and Pater, of course, because they might not understend, but\u2014\u201d \u201cThank goodness fer that,\u201d said the Colonel, surprising her atill further.Then, for the first time, he seemed to notices that he was in Straie.Be looked along the leafy Marketgate, and down Buchanan\u2019s Rise towards the hypethetical ses, and drew a deep breath of contentment.\u201cComing in?\u201d he said, preparing to dive into the rabbit-bole entrance of the Inn.\u201cI must just 20e the manager & moment, then I'll come on with you and make my salaams\u201d But Carol also had been looking along the Marketgate.She had seen the doctors\u2019 front door open twice: F g aging because he has some ant letters to write.\u201d \u201cOh?\u201d said Carol.\u201cCarol\u2014would you do them for him?our I'd en you.You could take ypewriter down, perhaps, if could spare the time?\u201d you pay r autos use a me \u2018 sorry, but a friend of mine has arrived from town, od 1 dont want to leave him if I can help RB.Would tomorrow do, do think?\u201d yo \u201cA friend from town?\u201d said Willie \u201cYes.\u201d Carol jerked her head.\u201cHe's in there.\u201d \u201cOh.\u201d Willie thought fer à moment.\u201cWell, Tl tell Peter you'll come as pros, you ean.Tomorrow morn- \u201cTomorrow morning.\u201d \u201cAnd look here\u2014in this friend of yours going $0 want you all this evening?\u201d \u201cYes,\u201d said Carol, looking at the ground.\u201cAnd all tomorrow evening too?\u201d \u201cWell\u2014ne, perhaps he won't.\u201d Carol looked up, caugit his eye, and lapsed unrestrainedly into the Spencer smile.\u201cWill you come for a drive, then?\u201d One cannot look at eld churches in the evening.Carol smiled again.\u201cVe pes,\u201d At that moment the Colonel's footsteps were heard and, with a malevolent giance at the \u201cGreen Man's\u201d dark entrance, Will hurried away.As soon as possible, Carol and Colonel Martin set off for the golf course, taking Mr.Ross and Major Barnside for their four.It was a perfect day.links stretched fair and inviting them, and Carol gazed with as delight as if it were for the time upon the plain, the cliff, he ses, and the blue little hills beyond.No, she corrected herself\u2014 with more delight.The first view of the place had been endearing.Now she had seen it fifty times, never twice the same; and it was like music\u2014the more you knew it the better it was.She turned back for a quick look at Strair\u2014Strair that would one day, perhaps, be blighted with red brick bungalows, and an asphalt esplanade.Mackenzie's views were by this time public property; but, frem all Carol could learn, they were none too well received.She would have been surprised had she heard with what vehemence the visitors attacked them ower their picnic teas or their after- dinner game of bridge.There was no one in Strair that summer\u2014bar- ring Mackenzie himself, Peter Fair- weather, and the Higéins family\u2014who wished Strair other than it was.Even the shopkeepers preferred their present somnolence.As for Mrs.Ross\u2014 Caral frowned, took out a nibliek instead of an tron, and chopped her ball a few yards along the bumpy turf.Her mother was going to find herself in an awkward situation, if Mackenzie chose to publish the fact that she bad promised him support.Quickly discovering her initial error, Mrs.Ross had already announced that it would be a ctime to popularize Btrair; the place would become so common.The indies of the parish applauded her judgment: the Rector smiled.Mrs.Higgins sald nothing.Still, Mackenzie had published nothing at all\u2014se far.Carol had every reason $0 believe that she alone knaw his list of backers.After ail, she had enly found !t out by determined prying Bryanston Datchett, she felt 8 135 ; ; i iti SEF ob gw Ë Ë EbrÉ golfers who swung stiffly, and eackied as they told one another funny stories.There were boys scarcely in thelr teens, tremendously ball stomping a few yards Into the heather.There were sedate mothers and fathers, playing a comfortable round together, and foursomes of young people making a great noise about strokes of no particular virtue.Lost balls seemed to be the rule rather than the exception, and the baretoot- ed vagabonds on the shore were having the time of their lives.Carol knew à number of the people by sight\u2014re- gular golfers, or those whom she saw in church; but there.was no one whom she felt at all anxious to know better.The people whom she knew already seemed to be keepimg her quite busy enough.She and the Colonel lost, two and one; whieh brought a flush of pleasure to the cheeks of Major Barn- side.Carol glanced ai him in some coneern as they climbed the steep path to the pavilion.He seemed very much older lately.She wished there were some way of cheering him up.However, for the moment he was cheerful enough, and insisted on standing them all tea.The tea-room was crowded, but Cruikshank, by some magic of his own, soon saw to it that the Rector had his special table in the seaward window, and a plate of his special chocolate biscuits.Carol, to her great regret, had to leave early and get back to give Sheila her \u2019cello lesson; but she left her stepfather and the Colonel in : animated conversation, and the Major uttering, showing signs of the long- forgotten urge to write a letter % the paper.Outside, on the gravel, she ran full tilt into Dr.Max, who was just getting out of his car.She was hurrying by with a quick \u201cGood afternoon,\u201d when he caught her by the sleeve.\u201cCarol, why do you always avoid me like this?\u201d \u201cPlease\u2014I'm in a hurry.\u201d \u201cWhy do you always avoid me like this?\u201d She looked away from his eyes.\u201cI don't.\u201d \u201cYes, you do, Carol.Yes.you do.Myra sald * * * What Is it, Carol?Willie's always saying he\u2019s seen you, and I never meet you from one week's end to the next.\u201d She could think of nothing to an- Her heart was thumping against her ribs.\u201cCome out with me for a bit, Carol.Come out for a run tonight, before \u201cCertainly not.\u201d \u201cTomorrow night?\u201d Carol gave a queer little smile.\u201cNo, indeed, not tomorrow.\u201d 8he paused for a moment.\u201cNor any night, Max\u201d Even t he did not give in.\u201cTell me why, then?\u201d She twitched her arm free, and took a step or two forward, \u201cYou'd better ask Myra,\u201d she said in a small, hesitant voice.Before he could answer, she hurried away.The cello lesson was not a great success, partly because Carol was preoccupied, and partly because Sheila had an extraordinarily bad eold, and required a handkerchief 30 often that she could seldom spare both hands at once for her \u2019cello.No, she did net know where she had caught it.Oh yes, she had got her fest wet the other day, but then she always did get her feet wei.No, she had not thought of changing her wet shoes, but she never did change her wet shoes.Margaret didn't either.A last, in despair, Carel sent her home to bed, and set to work on Miss Stephenson's latest story.It was not à vesy good.stosy.It was enlled Rine\u2019s Decision, but it had a number of: points in common with Ze.Be er Not te Be, an earlier and much better production frem the pen of Mies Penelope de Strafford: Carol eame regretfully to the conclusion that Miss Stephenson was nearing the end of her material and needed some fresh stimu- lue 8he hoped that the editors of the Heartsease Fourpenny Library would not reach the same conelusion just yet.Miss Stephenson seemed and either made up very skilfully or purer skin, and brighter lips.A few a lot of questions to ask him Jill.She heard him come in Mr.Ross, and guessed they were ting in the study; but when she downstairs they were eut in just about to set off again.\u201cMartin says he'll walk me,\u201d said Mr.Ross.\u201cTalk to minute, wili you?I just want Phæbe I'll be back late, as it's practice.\u201d Carol grinned at the Colonel as stepfather disappeared, but to surprise he looked as if he had heard.- \u201cCarol,\u201d he said urgently, \u201cjust me this.How long have you and Jill been\u2014managing without an allowance?\u201d \u201cOh,\u201d said Carol cheerfully, \u201csinos my y.April.She told you, then?\u201d \u201cShe\u2014let it out\u201d E ERK \u201cDid she?Why?\u201d Carol couid not resist another grin.\u201cFor that very resson.\u201d The change in his expression startled her.It was not so much a denly drained away.There was nothing left but blank, set \u201ceatures, with eyes that stared into the distance.However, they had no time to pursue the subject, for Mr.Ross came back at that moment, bwmming a hymn tune.\u201c85h\u201d said Carol quickly.\u201cHs doesn\u2019t know.Oh\u2014er\u2014Colonel, shall we see you after supper?\u201d The Colomel seemed to wake up with a start.\u201cNa,\u201d he said.\u201cNo.As a matter of tact I had a dale with a comic called Bugle, who seems to be staying at the pub.\u201d \u201cBusie?\u201d said the Rector, coming up.\u201cHe certainly is a comic.He's ous star turn always at the summer concert.funetion that, Martin.I hope you'll be here.I say, sæe you ready?Right.We'd better push on.\u201d Chapter XVII « The Castle 46 [fT SPENCER, sir\u201d M Carol's first sight of Peter Fairweather\u2019s bedroom confirmed all her expectations.She said te make a room in 3trair Castle look 80 much like a roem in an overcrowded slum.\u201cGood-morning,\u201d sald Peter without enthusiasm.His right wrist was bandaged, and his hair was mostly on end.He stzek out his lower lip and kieked fretfeily at the bedelothes, eyeing Carol with disgruntled \u201cWill said yew'd do me a letter or two.\u201d , you know.\u201d \u201cNaturally.\u201d Carol lifted her head \u201cOh,\u201d he eontinued te brood at \u201cWell, I can\u2019t find the ons I want answer.I suppose it must be stairs.It I mewe I'm sick, so you mind fetching it for me Ÿ 5 = = Mk ean he.\u201d She meved te the doer, but he sum~ moned her bask again.\u201cHere\u2014here\u2019s the key.And don't plie \u201cés Jet that day nurse get her hands on anything.\u201d Glad to escape, Carol took the key and ran down the curving staircase.She found the desk without difficulty, and gazed with mingled interest and dismay at this further evidence of his habits.She turned over the bills, cigarette ends, spent matches, sock suspenders, dirty handkerchiefs, and snapshots, looking for any letter on blue notepaper.There were several.The first was signed \u201cClssie,\u201d\u201d the second \u2018P.Walwell, Manager,\u201d and the third\u2014Carol gave a little cry of amazement, and took it up In shaking fingers to have a closer look.It was quite short.\u201cDarling, darling Peter, why don't you come?Your heartbroken Myra.\u201d There was no question which Myra it was.Carol had received notes in that handwriting herself, more than once.Her lips set in a line of unwonted grimness, Carol picked up the envelope, which was lying- next among the debris.The postmark was only five days old.So\u2014so.There were a good many trains of thought open from this starting-point.There was also one inescapable conclusion.When Myra had said that she and Max were engaged, either it was not true or it had no business to be true.Therefore, if Carol chose, she might disregard that and all it implied, and might pick up her relations with Max exactly as he .Carol closed her eyes for a moment, opened them again, and began vir- orously hunting for any letters on blue notepaper which did not bear the sprawling, pseudo-artistic hand of Myra .She found two, one signed \u201cJumbo,\u201d and the other \u201cJoe R.Harris\u201d; and with these, leaving the bureau as rapidly as possible, she made her way upstairs.\u201cYou've been a long time,\u201d sald the tovalid.\u201cHere\u2014give me.No, that\u2019s not the one.I told you\u2014\" \u201cThere's another one there.\u201d \u201cOh, is there?Yes, there it is.I told you it was signed Harris.Now\u2014 dictation, please.\u201d Hastily pushing his underclothes off a chair, Carol sat down and bent over her notebook.\u201cMy dear Harris\u201d began Peter rapidiy, \u201c\u2018forgive à dictated letter, bat I've sprained my wrist.All details later.\u201d He stopped, ruminating, and it must have been quite a minute before he began to speak again.When he did, his briskness had already waned.He was slow, hesitant, grasping his lower lip between his finger and thumb.> \u201cIt you'd only wait a little longer.you'd get what you want.They ail- say it can\u2019t be long now.Till then, = you very well know, I haven't got em He paused again, and Carol glanced up from her notebook.What a queer letter! It\u2014oh, of course: he was doing it on purpose.He did not want her to know the precise nature of his business with Harris.Harris, no doubt, would read the non-commit- tal phrases clearly enough.She gave a little smile, and waited for the next.At last Peter cleared his throat.\u201c \u2018Murdoch won't do anything for me.Can't you borrow from Richardson, for the time being\u2019?Oh.it was abou! money, was it?Harris wanted some money: money he had lent Peter, by the sound of it And Peter had not any, tit what?Till his grandmother died, of course.Was that the meaning of his unconcerned \u201cThey all say it ean\u2019t be long now\u201d?Carol listened attentively: and, her suspicions roused.his next words made her start.\u201c\u201cMy offer is genuine: this, or your bare amount out of what it fetches.If you're not a fool, you'll choose the first.The other fellow would work \u2018in with you, and you eould auction (hotel-keevers, etc.) .' What's the matter, Miss Spencer?Can't you keen up?\u201d \u201cy-yes, thank you.Oh yes.\u201d \u201cNew paragraph.\u2018Come up on Tuesday, if you can.I'll be back at Wo.43 that afternoon at the latest.Yours ever!\u201d Carol's pencil faced.but her mind was racing even faster.Myra and Max were forgotten.What a fool the man was, if he thought he had hidden his meaning from her.Hotel- keepers?The other man would work in with him! Mackensie, of course, She knew very well that he could not buy the Castle\u2014did not even want Ît.° manded Phe land along the sea front was al! WITNESS and Canadian Memesten&, FONE 0; 1087.° = he cared about.But the Castle was to be sold, was it, none the leas?Bold to pay off Peter's debts, and to become a hotel for the people whe would one day walk along Mackensie's promenade! Not if she knew it.Not if she knew it.With a searing flash of intuition, Carol realised that she did know it.Out of everybody in the world, only she held the strings that would pull everything Into its place.She dashed down the end of the letter\u2014it did not matter about her outlines: she could remember every word, even If she could not read a single one of them back\u2014and drew a triumphant line across the page at the end.She knew\u2014she knew ex- actiy what to do, now.Every bit of the pussle had clicked into place: Peter, the old lady, the Colonel, Mac- kengle, Strair, Jill.Now she must get away quickly.Very quickly, or it might be too late.\u201cwill you type that up, please?\u201d sald the invalid, looking as if he had contemplated being sick and thought better of it.\u2019 \u201cIn here?\" said Oarol, looking doubtfully round.\u201cYes, in here, You can shove those things off the dressing-table.It won't take you long, will 18?\u201d \u201cOh, no,\u201d said Carol eagerly.Indeed it would not: she was in far too great a hurry to be gone.But Peter Fairweather, baving again tasted the urban pleasure of producing letters with a minimum of exertion, was not going to let her go so readily.To her inexpressible disgust, when the Harris letter was finished, he found he remembered quite a \u2018number of other letters that could do with an answer.Carol took them straight on the typewriter, to save a stage; but there were a good many of them, accepting invitations, refusing a lunch, or dribbling pointiessiy on about à string of people with ridiculous nicknantes.It was almost midday before Carol was able to snatch up her hat and her typewriter and run for home.She must find the Colonel\u2014find him at once.If he did not agree, her whole scheme would fall through.But he would agree: he would\u2014he must.Scuttling along the Nethergate,.Carol reviewed the inspiration that had come to her while she was taking down Peter Falirweather's letter.It was good.Yes, indeed it was good.All her personal concerns forgotten, Carol pushed through a little knot of tennis players who stood chatting at the Rectory gates, and hurried into the house to see if she could find the Colonel.\u201cWho?\u201d sald her stepfather.\u201cMartin?You're sure it isn't the Olney boy with his banns?\u201d \u201cNo,\u201d said Carol imoatiently.\u201cI want Colonel Martin.There's no one to see you.Colonel Martin.Do you know where he is?\u201d | \u201cNo, my dear, I'm sorry I don't.I haven't seen him this morning at all.\u201d Almost snorting with annoyance, Carol dumped the typewriter, snatched a drink of water from the side- and\u2019 ran off to see if the Colonel was by any chance at the inn.He was far more likely to be out playing golf: but atill, she must try.She plunged into the warren-like of the \u201cGreen Man\u201d.There passages - seemed to be no one about at all, except à half-witteg looking boy with à carpet-sweeper, #0 in despair she accosted him.\u201cDo you know if Colonel Martin is m?\u201d oF \u201cColonel \u2018oo, miss?\u201d SA \u201cMartin.Martin.Colopel Martin\u201d The boy scratched his head.\u201cYou don't mean Mr.Bugle, Miss?\" \u201cNo,\u201d sald Carol with desperate calm, \u201cI mean Colonel Martin.\u201d \u201cOh, Martin.When you came in first.I thought you wanted Mr.Bugle.\u201d \u201cWhere is Colonel Martin?\u201d \u201cColonel Martin, miss?Well, \u2018e's gone.\u201d : \u201cGone?\u201d \u201cYes, Miss.Said \u2018e'd® been called back to London.Went of on the The Joneses\u2019 housekeeper, draining.the cabbage for the doctors\u2019 midday meal, was considerably annoyed by a violept ringing at the front-door bell.She had a kind heart, however, and when she opened the door and found- Miss Spencer leaning against the doorpost, looking very much put about indeed, she was instantly concerned.- \u201cIs Dr.Jones ai home?\u201d .Carol de- breathlessly.\u201cWhich one, mis?Dr.Max?\u201d There was a moment's pause.* \u201cNo,\u201d sald Carol, swallowing.\u201cNo, I want to ase Dr.Willie.\u201d \u2018Three minutes later she was sitting on a hideous couch in Will's con- sulting-room, swinging her legs and talking so fast that the doctor had much ado in sorting out her story.From time to time he nodded, and at one point he gave a low, delighted chuckle.: \u201cYou'd better ring him up at once, then,\u201d he said at last.don't wire.Those post-office never keep thelr mouths shut, he be back yet?\u201d Carol looked at the clock.\u201cJust, I dare say.I wonder what on earth he's gone back for.I say\u2014 won't he be surprised!\u201d Willie was abstractedly staring at her flushed cheeks and the litle curls of her tousied gold hair.He roused himself, however, and put a trunk call through for her to Colonel Martin's number.Then he retired to the window, and continued-his silent observation.\u201cHallo.Hallo.Is that Colonel people wil Martin's house?Can I speak to him, please?.Oh, but I know he is.What\u2014just getting out of the taxi?Oh, please tell him to come.It's card Spencer.It's terribly important.\u201d There was a pause, during which ashe smiled benignly upon the doctor.Then ahe started, and turned again to the mouthpiece.\u201cOh, good.~ There you are.I say, Colonel\u2014can you hear me?.Will you buy the Castle?\u201d There was a silence.Then she listened, shook her head, and repeated the question more slowly.\u201cYes.Buy the Castle.terribly serious.-Listen.\u201d It took her the whole of that three minutes, and most of the next, to expound her scheme to the listener at the other end; but, to judge from her expression, its reception was not wholly unfavorable.Then, in less urgent tones, she went on: \u201cWhat on earth made you rush pway from us all this morning?It was simply sickening.O-0-0h .Are you coming back?\u201d When she rang off she turned upon Will with a look that was at once tri- No, I'm umphant, excited, and downright mischie .He caught his breath.\u201cWell, young\u2014scoundrel,\u201d he said, still gazing at her.\u201cSo you're going to fix all our destinies for us, are you?\u201d Her eyes wide open, Carol nodded at him three or four times.He took a step towards her, then aaddenly stopped short.A shadow crossed his ace.\u201cCarol,\u201d he said, \u201cjust tell me one thing\u2014will you?\u201d 8he nod again, She was gazing at him now, but he was looking at the ground, and did not see her.\u201cDo\u2014do you want to go and live at the Castle, Carol?\u201d : There was a silence that seemed to them both very long, though actually .Carol had counted only twcity ticks of the busy little clock upon the man- telplece before she found words to answer.\u201cMo,\u201d she said softly.\u201cNo, I don\u2019t He straightened his shoulders.When he next spoke it was in an ordinary, matter-of-fact tone.; \u201cWell,\u201d he said\u201d briskly, \u201cthat's a good thing.And now, you know, you're going to be very late for your lunch, and so am I\u201d \u2018 - In spite of all the morning's events, it was with a feeling of unexplained disappointment that Carol walked home to the Rectory to lunch.She was rather silent during the meal, and after it went up to her attic and wrote à very long letter to Jill.She would not get it till Monday, but it was something to do.Then she practised her \u2018cello for a while: talk of the concert was rife, though no arrangements had_actually been made, and though It looked like precipitating a good many quarrels, not least that of Mrs.Higgins and Mrs.Ross.But she could not settle to anything, somehow, this afternoon.There was such a lot to think about.She threw open the little lattice window, and leaned out into the air.The sun was sull brilliant, but thers was an ominous clearness about the horison and the little blue hills.Truant said they were In for a spell of wet weather.Perhaps she would go and wash some stockings: that would be a good to do, She turned away from the window, then went tirresolutely back, and leaned her forehead against \u201cNo, certainly.the eld square panes of the unopened lattice.What was the matter with him?Surely lunch could have waited a little, if\u2014if he \u2018had wanted ft to.She gazed unseeingly down upon the Nethergate far below.However, some hours later, when she was driving with Wil straight into the dusty splendor of the evening sun, her spirits rose quickly.They drove inland first, meaning to make a detour and come back along the coast road from the lighthouse, The Rector and his wife had gone to a meeting of the Parochial Church Council: Carol had all the evening before her.She had done a good day's work\u2014and a surprising day's work at that.The drive was exhilarating.Will was close beside her, his shoulder brushing her own.Suddenly, softly, .almost under her breath, she began to hum for sheer cheerfulness.\u201cI haven't posted his letter,\u201d she sald at last, in high glee.\u201cWhat, Peter's?Carol, you are the most unprincipled little\u2014\" \u201cBut I must hold it up for à day or two.You can see that, can\u2019t you?Just to give the Colonel time to get in touch with Mrs, Fairweather's lawyers.You're sure you gave me the right address?\u201d \u201cAbsolutely sure.\u201d - \u201cAnd\u2014I agy\u2014wiil you really explain to Mrs Fairweather yourself, about the Colonel being all right, and 80 on.\u201d \u201cIndeed 1 will.She's never been happy about what Peter might do.If\u2019 we can get this sale through\u2014\u2014\u201d \u201cIt might make all the difference to her.\u201d , The doctor looked suddenly grave.\u201cIt might indeed,\u201d he sald quietly.Carol reflected for a moment.\u201cwill,\u201d she said, \u201cwhat about Mac- kensie?\u201d : \u201cHow do you mean?\u201d \u201cHe'll be furious.The Colonel's taking the whole estate, you know.Thank heaven he is-but I feel à bit afraid of Mackenzie when he gets to know.\u201d \u201cFor heaven's sake don\u2019t tell him till the time comes.\u201d \u201cIndeed I won't.It ought to be rather amusing, helping him with his plans and knowing very well they can never come to anything.\u201d Carol paused uneasily.\u201cWill\u2014I know something about Mackansie.Besides all this, I mean.He's\u2014he's defrauding WITNESS Week\u2019s Outlook scans the world of men and affairs and attempts that most difficult and costly thing in journalism, to co-ordinate man\u2019s relations with his fellows \u2014 social, economic, politieal and international\u2014 looking towards à new, Christian social order.With this as its standard it secks faithfully and disinterestedly, though fallibly, to interpret the news of the week.(This edition does not include Oxford Group news) REGULAR SUBSCRIPTION RATES Weekly Sc.$150 Yearly, (§ shillings) 1 Remewal Beth 1 New Sub._ fer $145 Werth .$300 (Ce.84.) 1 Remewal $1.50 an $ NEW Subd.3.00 fo: $2.28 _ Werth.9.) Other NEW sube\u2019ns .75 cts.ench (3s) Add\u2019l Renewal Subs\u2019'ns $1 each (4s) The New Witnems, channel of Oxford Group news and inspiration may be bad in tion with the WITNRMS\u2014Outiook for 83 (Worth 88.90).Of WITHERS ons Gampies FREB on request.So ss not to compromise friends the WITNESS-Outlook is not available in censored countries.Jet Dongsll & Sen, publishers, Montreal, Canad. some of the people here.I've known for some time, only I haven't seen quite what to do about it.\u201d \u201cDefrauding them?\u201d \u201cM'm.Mrs.Grigson, for one.He charges about twice as much rent as he ever tells them, and pockets the difference.\u201d - \u201cOho,\u201d said Will.\u201cHe does, does he?Well, I dare say he keeps on the right side of the law\u2014calls it e , or some such thing.But if ever he turns nasty, we'll know how to have him.We could lose him all his custom In a week.\u201d He swung cheerfully round a corner.\u201cI don\u2019t see what he can turn nasty about, though.\u201d \u201cWell, he could to me, if he knew what I've done today.And\u2014\u201d She broke off.There was no need to tell Will about her mother's incautious promise to back the grocer.If it ever were necessary\u2014but.surely it would not be.Nothing but spe could make Mackensie tell: he would gain nothing by it\u2014not half as much as Mrs.Ross would lose.\u201cDon't you worry, my dear,\u201d said Will.\u201cWe'll see to all that.\u201d His \u201cwe\u201d brought a glow of pleas- - ure to her heart.She sighed, and lay back against the hard leather cushions, looking at the sea and the darkening land.The sun had set now; it was lost behind the great bulk of land to the west, The sea had a dim, soft bloom upon ft.The lighthouse, standing aloof upon its grassy headland, was winking with a punctual eye, and another, far away to the south, winked back in answer.\u201cLet's walk out to the end and see the water.We can leave the car just re.\u201d They climbed out, and walked down the narrow track, past the looming lighthouse, and on over the grass to the headland's end, where in a confusion of boulders it petered down to the sea.Carol felt very calm, very contented, and yet as if, given any sort of excuse, she might explode like a rocket in a great blaze of excitement.She - stood listening to the quiet song of the waves, as they broke, spread, and retired upon a tiny sandy beach.\u201cCarol.\u201d \u201cYes?\u201d \u201cHave you forgiven me?\u201d \u201cForgiven you?What for?\u201d \u201cWhy, for\u2014that night on Castle Walk\u2014when yop\u2014when T\u2014\" \u201cGood\u2014\u2014\"Carol checked herself, but only just in time.She bit her lip, and was glad it was growing dark, for her cheeks were suddenly crimson.Forgiven him?It had never occurred to her that there was anything to forgive.What could she say?What on earth could she say?\u201cNo\u201d was out of the question.To say she had thought he was Max would be even worse; its implications were fearful to think of.To say that she had not minded would sound as though she was in the habit of receiving such salutes from strangers.The only thing was to say yes, then, and to pretend that she had been properly indignant.But if one were indignant, would one go on seeing the person .Fortunately Will saved her from having to snswer.\u201cI never ought to have done it,\u201d he aid.\u201cI know.I've kicked myself for it over and over again.Whatever must you have thought of me?And you've been 30 sweet, and never ticked me off or let it make the alight- est difference\u2014\" He paused, and she knew he was looking at her.Jove \u201c you were looking so y, with the light ahining very, Very faintly on your face.I couldn\u2019t help myself.\u201d She did not answer._ \u201cYou're looking just like that now\u2014 Carol.\u201d Still she did.not answer.Surely he must hear her heart thumping against her ribs.He walked away & pace or two, and then turned.\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have minded if you'd just been an ordinary girl,\u201d he said.\u201cBut\u2014ycu must ase, Carol, how much come to care for you.No\u2014wal Listen.1 love you, Carol.There, It's t now.We hardly know each other, know.I didn\u2019t want to tell you for long time, only\u2014you've got no business to go looking like that.\u201d \u201cShe could feel that he was smiling her, and for a moment she longed cry out \u201cWhy?Why not for a long ?Why not now?\u201d But as he t on, the elation left her.She felt suddenly very, very small, and absurdly frightened.: se pre if WITNESS and Canadian Homestead, JUNE 9, 1987.\u201cCarol, my dear, I won't ask right now If youll marry me It wouldn't be fair.I'm sorry I've sald even this much\u2014bdut I do foolish things like that, when you're about.I do love you.I do most terribly hope that, one day, you may care for me too, and we'll be married.But\u2014\u201d His voice trailed into silence, and Carol could find no words to answer.8he stood counting the waves that broke upon the beach, heard now, rather than seen, in the heavy twilight.What was this he had said?Marry him?Marry Will Jones, whom she hardly knew, and would never have known at all if .Get married?She was terrified, of herself and of him, What was this thing she had brought about?She shivered.He must have been watching her very closely, for even in the darkness he noticed.\u201cDarling, you're cold.How of me! I ought to have thought of it.Look\u2014forget all that, for now.Come on.Let's go back.\u201d \u201cI've got a coat in the car,\u201d said Carol in a tiny voice.They scrambled unsteadily over the humpy grass, the sound of the sea growing fainter and fainter behind them.When they had skirted the light-house, and come out upon the dim, grey path, Carol was-already beginning to recover.It seemed the most natural thing in the worid that they should walk arm in arm over the smooth.surface of the track towards the car.\u2018They did not talk much on the way home.It was later than they had planned, and the view from the coast road, which they were to have enjoyed, had disappeared into darkness.They could see neither sea nor shore, but only space, with a ragged flotilla of clouds sailing across the last narrow strip of the sunset.\u201cIt\u2019s going to rain,\u201d said Will.\u201cWhat a shame, on all the holiday people.What do they do if it rains?\u201d \u201cPlay golf and bridge, and I believe even tennis.\u201d \u201cJust the same?\u201d \u201cJust the same.They'll be rehearsing for the concert aoon anyway.That'll keep them busy.\u201d \u201cYou help with that, don\u2019t you?\u201d \u201cI?Well, a bit, if Mrs.Higgins lets \u201d Carol laughed softly.Emboldened by this, he went on: \u201cLord, that woman.She ought to be @ general.And to think she was once a fluffy little thing with big eyes, just like Myra.\u201d \u201cNo?Was she?\u201d \u201cSo they say.I'm terribly afraid Myra will grow up just the same as her mamma.\u201d .There was a pause.Then, with the hint.of a chuckle, he went on: \u201cMax doesn't seem to mind, though.\u201d Carol gasped; not because of what he was saying, but because she had suddenly remembered that letier of Myra's that she had come across in Peter Fairweather's bureau\u2014when was it?Only this morning?What a lot had happened since then.If she told Willie, he might tell Max, and then .Oh, but she never ought to have looked at the letter.How awkward everything was .\u201cYes,\u201d Will went on, changing gear as the car jibbed on the last little hill that hid the lights of Stair.\u2018Tm rather afraid that's as good as settled.\u201d - \u201cYou mean\u2014?\u201d \u201cYes.Max and her.\u201d Carol could think of nothing to say.\u201cHas\u2014has it been going on long?\u201d she ventured at length.\u201cOh, ages,\u201d WIII replied cheerfully.\u201cShe's adored him ever since they were kids.Never had eyes for any one else at all.What's that?Ob, sorry.1 thought you said something.Answer to Last Week's Pussie.P > ile wo lx © wi [om oJ co jr+ ILE] || a «w|i va val va ce oi WW oa] so vs oa) wlio] © = CILIA IL] T A \u201c AZ RB 2 Mind you, she's made all the running.\u201d \u201cOh?\u201d \u201cOh, rather.That's what's put me off her, 1 think.She\u2019s not bad, really, but I can't stand girls who make the running.Can you?\u201d Carol swallowed.\u201cNo,\u201d she said fervently.They topped the rise, and saw the town before them, twinkling a score of welcomes.In another two minutes they were at the Rectory gates, and Will jumped out of the car to see her safely in.There was a light in the study window.Mr.and Mrs.Ross were back from their meeting, then.Will looked cautiously up and down the Nethergate.There was no one about.: \u201cCarol.May I kiss you goodnight?Just once?\u201d She was not feeling frightened any longer.She threw back her head and smiled at him.\u201cDon't be absurd,\u201d she answered.His face fell.He backed away.\u201cSorry,\u201d he said.\u201cSorry.\u201d It was a very forlorn Carol who shook hands ceremoniously and walked up the gravel path to the door.Well, what ought I to have said?she puzzled, as she turned the handle.They were just going to bed.Mr.Ross was unlacing the black boots that he seemed to regard as a badge of office, and his wile was finishing a row of her jumper.It all looked very domestic.\u201cDarling, how late you are.\u201d Her mother looked up obliquely as Carol came in.There was a high spot of color on each of her cheeks.\u201cSorry, Mum.\u201d \u201cWhere have you been?\u201d \u201cDriving with Willie Jones.\u201d \u201cOh, Indeed, Well, I should have thought you could have come to the Parochial Church Council.You're on the Electoral Roll.You might have been some use there, with all those odious people.\u201d \u201cWhy .what .?\u201d* \u201cI wonder Selwyn lends them the hall at all, if they're going to behave like that.I wouldn't mind M they never had a concert at all; but what ° SEVEN in his eye, it had gone now.She composed herself to listen to the grievance, heartily grateful to Mrs.Higgins and Mr.Mackenzie for diverting her mother's attention from the way abe had spent her own even- Ing.But while Mrs.Ross was out of\u201d the room, vainly cailing for Mimosa, Mr.Ross looked at his step-daughter with the mild gaze whose penetration she was only now beginning to realize, \u201cI've always liked Willle the best, myself,\u201d he remarked, ranging his boots carefully aide by side and groping for his slippers.(To Be Continued.) ORIGIN OF MAPLE SUGAR (Kingston Whig-Standard) Who was the first person to discover that the maple tree yields a sweet sap in the spring that can be drawn off by tapping, and who first discovered that this sap can be converted into a delights ful syrup or sugar by the process of evaporation?In this connection the Quebec Chronicle.Telegraph recalls an Indian legend that puts the discovery at the door of an Iroquois brave, Woksis, and his squaw.The legend, as told by The Chronicle-Tele- graph, is that Woksis got up one crisp morning in March to make a hunting trip.He tricd the edge of his trusty tomahawk with his thumb and drove it into the trunk of a sugar maple while ne breakfasied; then, pulling the weapon again, he started off on the hunt while his squaw sat by the fire, to embroider a new pair of moccasins.In due course came the time to have dinner and the squaw had a tasty cut of moose or other game to boil but she had forgotten to fill the water bucket and the spring was half a mile away.Glane- ing at the maple tree which Woksis had slashed with his tomahawk, she noticed that the sap was dripping from the wound right into an earthenware container that happened to be leaning against the trunk.So she dropped the meat into this container filled with sap and put it on the fire to cook.Later Woksis returned home, hungry as hunters are proverbially.Dinner was set before him and the moose was deliciously crusted with maple sugar of which he ate his fill; singing the praises, as he did so, of the new confection thus accidentally derived from the trunk of the maple tree.I do say is, if I'm the Rector\u2019s wife, Such, according to Iroquois legend, was I'm the Rector's wife.\u201d the origin.of maple sugar and, in turn, Carol glanced hastily at her step- the maple industry as we know it today.father.If that had been a twinkle It is as attractive a version as any.9 The Week\u2019s Cross Word Puzzle TI Pe : .4 f 0d 0 [:] 20 23 [2 29 4 \u2018 mo % nw \u2018 HORIZONTAL .99.\u2014A youth 12-\u2014Light, awestened 1-\u2014Btate of disorder 41\u2014Upon biscuits 6\u2014Ingenuously pi- \u2014Vest age 13.\u2014The end quant 43.\u2014Objective of 1 16\u2014Orusted dish 11.\u2014Dread 4.\u2014Prefix: new B\u2014auls 18\u2014Occupied all tbe «6 \u2014Light 28 \u2014Pat-bodied flab space 48.\u2014A simien M\u2014Ons who entities ~ 14\u20142etal bearing rock «e.\u2014One who moves to , 38\u2014Dariger 18 \u20148tudent music 27.\u2014Body of water 37 \u2014Cover #1 \u2014Howied 29.\u2014Confilct 16\u2014 Within 48\u2014Gnow and rain 32.\u2014Cone-shaped 10-\u2014Moral Wrong sé\u2014Unites metal 33.\u2014To scoë 20.\u20148ixth note of scale $4.\u2014Ourrency 21\u2014Corded cloth VERTICAL 36 \u2014Rammed down 0.\u2014Quantity of yarn 34.\u2014Potters \u2014Poot-1tke part 1\u2014~QGroup of 28.\u2014Canine 20\u2014Large testh .SA stinging 40.\u2014Poats 28.\u2014Cut 2.\u2014Pait of to be $A number s0\u2014Grasey plain 4-Dorretative of either 46 \u2014To permit s1\u2014To deface 8.\u2014Pacifier 47.\u2014Quarrel \u2014Small pieces of real 6.\u2014Nothing ~\u2014Bveryons estate T-#ymbol for aumia- s0\u2014Civil enginess (ine s\u2014To deserve nm tials) 98.\u2014Noting repetition 8.\u20148kk a.\u2014Mural of I.#1\u2014Home of Solomen\u2019s 9.~Covered (Copyright LL by the with 10\u2014Horse posms Bell Ggadisate, Ins.) J WITNESS and Camnétan Momestond, JUNE 5, 1907.Youth Open Forum News sad Views of the Canadien Youth Congress.The Witaess is particularly happy this week in being able te present a statement from Mr.Reger Oul- met, French-speaking ce-ehair- _ man of the Centinuations Cem- mittee of the Canadian Yeuth Congress.If youth im the organisations connected with the Youth French-Speaking Canadians and the Youth Congress By Reger Ouimet, Co-chairman ef The Continsous Committos UNDERSTAND that your paper will be interested tn publishing an expression of opinion in behalf of the cond session of the Canadian Youth Congress held at Montreal from the 2nd to the 24th of May last.Quite a few delegates, all representing other not wide enough for me thorough survey of what happened.You will therefore, permit me to point out a few details, which, in my opinion, are sufficient to give you a fair understanding of the situation.© Last year the French Canadian group had been invited io participate, invitation was so belated that appeared to have been the product an after thought.A considerable following year.One delegate, however, was authorized to make the trip te Geneva as an observer.\u2018Fhis year, mvitations floeked at an \u2018 early date, showing the eagerness of the organizers to meet representatives of large French Canadian Youth organisations and discuss with them the possibility of making à United Congress.After much talk\u2014as was to be ex- pected\u2014the Prench-spesking element, with 2 unanimity of purpose, decided to obtain the Congress's definite approval of series of conditions which, te their minds were of vital ima portance, Every delegate still rémembers the thrilling reaetion of the Congress as a whole when voleing its uneguivocal acceptance of such conditions which are to be embodied in the adopted constitætion.It can safely be said that history - was written qu Sunday, May 206, 1837.And for my part I am sure that 1f no andue infimences are permitéed to play a part in the destinies of the Congress, the remembwance of the coming together of the Prench amd English Youth of Camads will help To all Co-operators we express the appreciation of the nation-wide family of Witness readers Editors and Staff.Indeed in the name of Canade we thank them for they do it for Canada.tremendously towards finding a seiu- tion to the problem of Internal Peace which, at the present time, is the most important imesmuch as the future of Canada is concerned.The different resolutions brought forth before each Commission have been thoroughly discussed, and the findings definitely show the trend of thought of Canada's Youth to date.Safe and sound radicalism has beem expressed in no uncertain terms.It is te be hoped that those who are now in charge of governing bodies in our country will make it a point te respond heartily to Youths justified and equitable demands.The younger generation have suffered relentlessly during the past six or seven years.They have shown how valiantly they could go through the mill.But the breaking point is near, especially due to the iincertainty of the future.Dark clouds are persistently overhanging which fill the heart of deserving youth with appalling terror.The advice of those who have known what it was to live in an era of prosperity, despite defaults and deficien- cles of capitalism, cannot possibly give youth any confidence in its possible happiness.Something must be done, and quickly done, to avert an overwhelming tide of distress and de- There is no reason why in a country like Canada, laden with all should hard te pin the responsibility for such ih § Fi iii i Ii 8 i 8 Ë gentlemen's agreement by all parties ix sincerely kept.And I trust that the Congress movement, it will have been well under- in different parts of fer counter, be-of utmost service in Testering betterment of the social and eco- conditions of Canada\u2019s Youth ét i & i Ë > N Ontario, and I mm convinced thet we should stand together to make Christianity meee practical, we Protestants.Let each denomination w God jn the particular mode that suits it best.But let each denomination respect all others, remembering: \u201cGod sent not Mis son into the world to condemn the world.\u201d Almost anything is prederable to spiritual starvation, practical atheism or militant atheism.When this is done we can consider \u201cThe Religious, Moral and Philosophical Bases of Wesld Peace.\u201d Marjorie Mllifken, delegate, Upper Canaëe Tract Society.Canada Work at Ottawa.\u2018Much of the aid being given in the name of \u2018unemployment re- Hef is of a character which requires per.gegagre Eu Ÿ ge iy Our NEW Offer \u201cwill bring the Witness to your friend 0 CLS.Tor oe ie as This offer is good anywhere in North America \u2014excepting only Greater Montreal (\u201cCity of publication\u201d) \u2014excepting only Australia.2 or more such Subscriptions Good also anywhere in oversea British Empire Only- 25 cts.each.Which of your friends but has \u201cchange\u201d in bis pocket in imminent danger of being exchanged for something less worth while?SOW Seeds of good Citizenship NOW SEED SOWER'S COUPON om friends.renewed.the end Dear Sirs,\u2014I am glad to so-operate in ths publication of the Witness by extend! its circulation amon; It is clearly wadersteod that these sudecriptions expire at iy pecitically of eight menths unless Rev.A.B Armstrong, Ottawa, in bis presidential address to the Canadian Conference on Social work on June 1 said social workers are qualified by experience to give vigorous leadership to any social reconstruction movement.\u201cWe are all agreed that some reorganization of so- life is necessary.Social workers not be luiled into a false sense of satisfaction with the present order.They still dealing with men and women little children who are suffering because our social order does mot provide them with a fair chance for material se- The memory of the past eight years is still vivid and they are not going to relax their efforts to bring about those changes in our social order which iE Premier T.D.Pattullo was returned at the head of his Liberal Party in British Columbia provincial elections on June 1.Dr.F.P.Patterson, Conservative leader, and Dr.Lyle TeMord, C.C.F.leader off returns in was: Liberal 31, Conservative 8, C.C.F.7, Labor 1, Independent 1.Premics T.D.Pattullo\u2019s new Government on June 1 was given a mandate to go ahead with a \u201ccomprebensive health insurance\u201d plan for British Columbia's wage earners.Only six of 39 ridings beard from voted against a \u201cprogressively applied\u201d scheme of state medicine.A total of $7,568 of the 170,000 plebiscite slips counted gave the answer \u201cyes\u201d to: re To in favor de a comprehensive rance pl progressively aj plied?All the \u201clarger urban dines WITNESS and Canadian Homartend, JUNE 9, 1987.ate objective\u201d were expressed on Ji une 2 in the address of the Rev.T.W.Jones, B.A, B.D., to the Montreal and Otiawa of the United Church of Canada in its thirteenth annual meeting, as he attacked the \u201cPadlock\u201d Law and French Law Text priority legislation.Pay increases for the 200 wireless telegraphers employed.by the Marconi Company were recommended in a unanimous finding of \u20183 Board of Conciliation whose r report 0] Siniste Rogers was made Mrs.J.S.Woodsworth, of Winni; was elected chairman on June 2 as he national convention of the Women's International League of Peace and Freedom opened at Winnipeg.Declaring the present balance of trade was four to one in Canada's favor, L.R.Macgregor, Australian Trade Commissioner, called on June 2 for a revision of trade agreements between the two Dominions.Australia, be told the Canadian Manufacturers\u2019 Association convention, would not continue her present agreements with Canada unless she is given additional preferences.Social Credit legislation introduced at the recent session of the Alberta Legislature will be abandoned if experts to be sent to this province by Major C.H.Douglas decide the three acts are unnecessary, Hon.Dr.W.W.Cross, Minister ot Trade and Industry, said on June 2.Complete revision of the Canadian penal system, to establish a uniform organization with all jails and prisons unheard from, with the lone exceptions of der federal administration, was recom- Victoria city and neighboring Esquimalt, were in favor of the plan which the Premier has said must benefit only \u201cthose who make contributions thereto.\u201d Jose Fuentes, 33-year-old Spaniard, 11 years in Canada, was arrested in Mont real, on June 1, after he had smashed a tion of the bombardment of Almeria, his home city.He was charged with damaging property.An economic survey of Manitoba soon will begin under direction of Clive B.Davidsea, Winnipeg, Premier John Bracken on June 1, naming a survey board of 34 members Mr.Davidson, se- y the board to conduct the He will have as his chief amist- R wa, Knight, Winnipeg, Railway statistician.In his tial B.WwW Coghlin of Montreal, told the delegates to the opening sessions of the 08th annual Association in Toronto on June 1 that financial conditions had improved and world recovery was continuing.He expressed the opinion immigration should be encouraged from British countries, France, the United States and other countries, providing that only those who will assimilate satisfactorily with the present population sre admitied.General recovery, and particularly industrial production, is being retarded by strikes and other labor troubles.A certain amount of unrest is usual after a trade depression, when wage earners have suffered severely, and naturally desire to more pay as eomditions improve.Within limits, this is reasonable and economically sound as well.As a matter of fact, since the improvement began, many employers have voluntarily increased wages as they found their sales Feoming and as the prospects for more iness developed.The fact is that the greet majority of employers recognize that it is to their own interest to pay as high Wages as possible, since high wages not merely tend to improve industrial relations but aleo increase the purchasing power of employees.Nova Scotia lost its case in the Supreme Court of Canadas when judgment was delivered oo June 1 awarding the Dominion Government $16,000, representing fines paid by persons convicted in that province for smuggling.Rev.Dr, Hugh Monroe of Westminster Church, New Glasgow, N.8, on June 2, Ae or rian Char 1 mn other tw bei Dr George E Rex Vet , George ons Frederiston, nd Rev.Pefer Reith of Tara, Ont.Grave concern both as to the tives prompting\u201d certain Quebec ernment measures and a3 to their \u201cultim- mended by the Manitoba Government on June 2 to the Royal Commission investigating penal institutions.The French Text Priority Act was protested by the Montreal Board of Trade as early as April 19, it was disclosed following the meeting of the Council of the Board on June 2.Evidence showed actions of Miss Dorothea Palmer in Eastview, Ont, might have been for the public good, the On- « tario Court of Appeal ruled on June 2 in upholding acquittal of the social worker on a charge of having advertised birth control information.A request from the Synod of Alberta that the Presbyterian Church in Canada make determined efforts to recover from the United Church of Canada \u201call Presbyterian bequests secured by the United Church since 1925\u201d was referred to the Presbyterian General Assembly's legal committee on June 3.Contracts for more than $14,000,000 for military, naval and air equipment have been awarded within recent weeks, Hon.Norman Rogers, acting Minister of National Defence, announced on June 3, Details were not made public, but Mr.Rogers said about $10,000,000 of the contracts will be spent in Canada.Premier Mitchell Hepburn of Ontario on June 3, speaking to the Canadian Life Insurance Officers\u2019 Association hailed Premier Maurice Duplessis, head of Quebec's National Union Government, as \u201ca great national character\u201d I look forward to the day he will play an ever more im- t part in the affairs of this Domin- jon.\u201d Renewing his attack on the John L.Lewis Committee for Industrial Organization, he declared there would be no lawlessness in Ontario begotten by the CLO.or any like organization as long as he was Premier.\u201cI can't speak for Canada because we have a vacillating Government at Ottawa.I'm a reformer, but I'm not a Mackenzie King Liberal any more, and Tl tell the whole world that.And I hope he hears me.\u201d Careful and reasonable consideration of industrial problems confronting the Dominion was urged by Hon.W.D Euler, Minister of Trade and Commerce, in addressing members of the Canadian Manufacturers\u2019 Association on June 3.\u201cIt is not my desire to go \u2018where angels fear to tread,\u2019 but it seems to me that the present is definitely the time, on the part of both employer and employee, for the exercising of tolerance, of calm judgment, avoidance of undue haste and an honest determination on both sides to deal justly, reasonably and with the saving grace of common sense with each other and in the meantime to sit steady in the boat\u201d He hoped that Canadians would not forget the lessons of the past.\u201cWe must put our house in order so that we may avoid depression, the recurrence of which, to my mind, should not be regarded as inevitable.Much of the world's prosperity is due to rearmament\u2014what will be the condition when the enormous expenditures come to an end, as end they must?He recalled divergencies c?opin- lon in the matter of workmen's compensation.Today no one would dream of questioning its wisdom and justice.\u201cHardly an employer will contend that the whole individualistic idea that labor is a commodity to be bought at the lowest price should continue.\u2018The human rights of the worker to a wage that will enable him jo live comfortably and, as a noted and old age pensions are devised, men must be paid sufficient to not only provide a decent living, but enough besides to enable them to provide for their own security for the future.Labor also must recognize its onsibility; must be reasonable, deal ji , not too impatient, and faithfully carry out any agreements into which it may enter.\u201d P.C.Brown, Vancouver, of the Canada Western Cordage Co, Ltd, was elected president of the Canadian Manufacturers\u2019 Association on June 3.Appointment of R.F.Thompson as supervisor of training projects for unemployed young people was announced on June 3 by Labor Minister Rogers.To assume his new duties, Mr.Thompson has resigned as a member of the youth committee which has been co-operating sin the National Employment Commis- on.Because the wedding \u201cai been performed secretly and no panne had been published, Mr.Justice Fortier in Superior Court, Montreal, on June 3, annulled the marriage of Cecil John Bar- bieux and Laura Bell Spencer, at the request of the former.The ceremony took place on June 22, 1929, in Toronto, the home of the bride, the Court was told.Barbieux, a native of Montreal, said he had gone especially for the wedding to evade the Quebec law.Brigadier-General C.A.Smart died suddenly at his home in Westmount, Que.on June 4, aged 00, only a short time after his appointment to the Quebec Legislative Council.Five judges of the Alberta Court of Appeal in a written judgment on June 4 declared the Alberta Reduction and Settlement of Debts Act ultra vires of the Alberta Legislature.The 15-page ruling, upholding the judgment of Mr.Justice A.F.Ewing in six test cases heard in Calgary in January, found the legislation transgressed powers of the Federal Government in respect to interest.The Appeal Court Judgment also declared the legislation delegated powers to the Lieu- tenant-Governor which the Legislature did not possess and that it affects civil and property rights outside authority of the province, General study of the financial structure of Canada probably will be undertaken in the near future by a Royal Commission on Taxation, Labor Minister Norman Rogers told members of the Eastern Townships Boards of Trade on une 4.\u2018The Ontario Liberal Association has dissociated itself from federal \u201cpolitics,\u201d and hereafter will be a purely provincial organization, Premier Mitchell Hepburn of Ontario announced on June 4, Stanley Biozak, 58, died in hospital at Edmonton on June 4 allegedly from poison swallowed in the prisoners\u2019 box in Alberta Supreme Court where he had been convicted of arson in connection with destruction by fire on the Commer- sia Hotel in St.Paul, Alta., last Septem- 6.-_\u2014 \u201c Agricultural edministrator -and a former provincial civil servant, E L Gray, of Brooks, Alta, was elected leader of the Aïberta Liberal party at the provincial convention at Calgary, on June 4.He announced he would immediately seek the aid of other political groups in Alberta to lay plans for promotion of a \u201csound, business government.\u201d Cardinal Rodrigue Villeneuve announced on Jumaed parish rectors of this archdiocese that contracting couples must marry in thélr own parishes in the fu- Joseph Chalmers Lee, 58, restaurant owner and former horseshoe manufacturer, was held on a murder charge on June 4 in Hamilton, Ont, after fatally shooting John E.Anderson, one of three business associates who fell before his revolver at the George H.Jackson, Lid.plant.George H.Jackson of Guelph and Anthony Anderson, brother of John, wounded were rushed to hospital.Merger of Federal and Provincial Associations of the Alberta Liberal party was approved at the provincial convention of the party that ended on June 6 Resolutions were adopted pledging the party to a program of public debt refunding at a low rate of interest and for a system of equitable reduction of private debts which would be \u201cjust to all concerned.\u201d The principle of Saskatchewan's co-operative debt adjustment scheme, a reduction of taxation: to co-operate with the federsl Government In seeking readjustment of taxing powers under the British North America Act \u201cto permit the province to meet its obligations in a legal and eonstitutions] way.\u201d Promotion ef Empire and world trade, through the principles of low tariffs, state medicine; unemployment, sickness and old age pen~ sions; the fullest development and expansion of agriculture, and a general soil survey to determine districts suitgble for settlement, Maintenance of democratie institutions, including freedom of the courts and the press, was endorsed, a resolution declaring: \u201cWe are fearful of the totalitarian tendencies of recent Govern ment enactments.We protest against alarming intrusions upon the liberties of the people.\u201d \u2018The Montreal and Ottawa Conference of the United Church got no further on June 5 with its resolution condemning war and urging complete disarmament on Canada.Another contentious matter.was thrown into the debate when Rev.A.Lloyd Smith, of Dominion-Douglas Church, Westmount, brought in an amendment to the \u201cpeace and war\u201d resolution condemning intervention in Spain and deploring the slaughter of women and children and other non-combatants in un defended towns.Tuberculosis victims who endanger people around them will be given compulsory \u2018treatment under a provincial plan soon to be put into effect, Premier Mitchell Hepburn of Ontario announced at Hamilton, on June 5.Failure to obtain credit from tbe bank en the promised guarantee of the provincial Government has forced the Hail Insurance Board of Alberta to suspend operations, A.H.Tovell, chairman, ane nounced on June 6.Some form of \u201crigid discipline\u201d designed to remove \u201cweaknesses\u201d of the press and to \u201crestore its freedom from the clutches of financial, political and commercial organizations,\u201d is necessary to reestablish It in its \u201cproper place in the public consciousness,\u201d Premier Aberhart, of Alberta, said on June 5 in an address over the CBC network.Liberal Leader, J.J.Bowlen refused on June 7 to give his consent to the motion of Premier William Aberhart to adjourn the Legislature until June 14 to give time to confer with G.F.Powell, emissary of Major C.H.Douglas, now on his way across Canada from Montreal Such a motion needs unanimous approval.He forced Premier Aberhart to give 24 hours\u2019 notice, claiming he did it as a gesture of impatience with the Government\u2019's lack of legislative action.Transport Minister C.D, Howe announce ed on June 7 his department was co-op- erating with Imperial Airways and Pan- American Airways for the first experi= mental trane-Atlantic flight June 24 in preparation for the proposed trans-Atlan- tic air service.Two days before opening of the Or- pen-owned Long Branch track for seven days of racing, Toronto police announced on June 7 they had learned from an \u201cundisclosed source\u201d that Abe Orpen, §3, who owns four race-tracks was taken from his National Sporting Club by armed men and forced to withdraw $1,000 from the bank to pay for his release.In an official message as Moderator of the General Council of the United Church of Canada, Rt.Rev.Peter Bryce, D.D., told representatives of Montreal and Ottawa Conference on June 7 \u201cthe United Church is ready to co-operate to the fullest extent among Christian communions of Canada.\u201d Section 2 of a general resolution on war and peace, which urged the Canadian Government \u201cseriously to com- sider a policy of complete disarmament for Canada as a new technique for maintaining peace and fulfilling its obligations under the pact of Paris\u201d was defeated by a vote of 64 to 4.Substituted, and adopted by the Conference, was a clause urging the Dominion Government to do all in its power to remove the economie end political causes of war.The churchmen also officially condemned the bombardment of undefended Spanish towns They refused, however, an amendment applying the same condemnation to British bombardment of native villages in Northwest India The Orient Forty-five-year-old Prince Fumimare Xonoye, member of one of Japan's olds est families, and President of the House of Peers, began on June 1 the formation of a new Japanese Cabinet.shek\u2019s written versions of the Sian coup, first published will be denied to the of the Chinese public unable to read Enge lish, it was reporied on June 4.A ese-language edition of this -book, for circulation has been prohibited publication. WITNESS and Canadian Seenestead, JUNE ©, 1937.Every man\u2019s Battles Within By J.Mace Andress, Ph.D.IFE is a continuous battle because there are always difficulties to be met and overcome.Figuratively this battle proceeds along two fronts, one of which appears to be external.On this front we deal with a physical world and leave it different from what we found it.We find it necessary to dress ourselves, sweep floors, wash dishes, mow lawns, walk to the train, buy a ticket, carry our baggage, shop, eat our dinner, conduct our business, return home and retire to bed.These activities require the expenditure of energy and the mastery of obstacles.But all these activities which can be seen are only one aspect of another kind o} effort which may register itself in the consciousness of the individual.Often there is a battle within the mind itself, a civil war as Clifford Beers deacribed it in his well known book, \u201cThe Mind That Feund Itself.\u201d These conflicts take place whenever there is a struggle between two or more opposing or incompatible tendencies.Everybody is assailed during his waking hours with alternatives of action and.the necessity of making à choice.Children may be torn between alternating desires such as lying in bed or getting up promptly and beginning the work of the day, going to class unprepared or \u201ccutting\u201d the period entirely, and listening to the radio or getting one\u2019s algebra lesson.How often the adolescent must choose between duty as his parents see it and the standards of the gang.THIS rivalry between impulses, resulting in a state of indecision or vacillation, is usually smoothed out with comparative ease if one motive to action is much stronger than the opposing ones.But if these impulses a¥e of equal power the conflict may seriously affect one\u2019s emotional stability.Every normal mind must necessar- fly have conflicts.Most of them are 80 trivial that they are easily solved and leave no permanent crippling.Many conflicts have a stimulating effect.They may excite imagination and thought and may help to develop initiative and resourcefulness.The important thing is that the teacher help to iron out Jnjurlous conflicts or preferably provide for their prevention.JAMES was a boy In the junior high school who found himself overcome by a series of conflicts.They were fought under cover for a long time, Nobody seemed to realize the civil war taking place in his mind.The first suspicion came when James did not show up for his dinner.Inquiry and search failed to locate him.Word first came to the parents the next day when a telegram from James some 200 miles away announced that he was well and was taking a trip.He did not expect to return for several weeks.The case of James was eventually brought to the attention of the visiting teacher.She soon began to unearth some interesting facts and im imagination reconstructed his \u2018life.Miss Williams discovered that James had not done well in school and that he had left home the day before the midyear exanmvinations.By contrast his brother and sister were brilliant students.Their mother constantly Kidney Acids held them up before Xe as models.James fel keenly that he had falled.He also had an idea that he was not good looking.He was shy In the presence of girls whom he secretly wished to approach.Home was a mast unhappy place.School had also becorhe unbearable.He turned the problem over in his mind.The dilemma finally resolved itself into the problem of whether he should stay at home and face his problems or take to the road.Seeking for peace of mind the latter alternative seemed the only way out.EVEN before James had returned, Miss Willlams had paved the way for his success.Firat of all she made it clear to his father and mother that their son was in trouble and needed intelligent sympathy and help.His parents promised not to scold him or to enquire about his adventures on his return.She recommended to the mother that she do everything she could to make his homecoming pleasant and in\u2019the future arrange parties to which hé might invite his friends.There were numerous conferences with his teachers who, after learning the facts, were glad to help him make up his deficiencies.It worked out as Miss Willams had planned.The was ironed out.James graduated and entered a congenial trade.Instead of having to iron out ser- fous conflicts it is better to handls boys and girls so that such situations do not occur.This '3 à fine art in which nobody can claim any great knowledge or skul, but there are a few vital suggestions which mental bygiene has to offer.William H.Burnhäm, dean of mental hygienists and author of \u201cThe Normal Mind,\u201d says that the integration or unification is the mark of the normal mind.It des not have civil war.In common parlance we say that when a man has lost his health temporarily he has \u201cgone to pieces.\u201d When he has lost it temporarily and recovered we say that he has \u201cpulled himself together.\u201d Dr.Burnham believes that in the process of attention In performing à serious task there is an integration of both mental and physical powers, He refers to three essentials for the promotion of mental itegrity: (1) a suitable task, (2) a plan and (3) freedom, \u201cfreedom to take a task or leave it, freedom to form one\u2019s own plan.\u201d Fortunately in our best schools today there is a growing tendency to make use of these three principles This is especially true in the lower grades.There children are stimulated to undertake fascinating projects.In our high \u2018schools, particularly in the senlor high athools, pupils have little freedom in the choice of projects, planning or achieving results.Probably the best kind of training arises - in clubs and class and social activities.It is to be hoped that high schools may recognise more real opportunities for education in mental health.Dr.Wayland F.Vaughn has stated the case for purposeful learning in these pointed words: \u201cThe unity derived from a life well organized around interests which are valued enough to stimulate sustained efforts for their fulfillment is the best insurance against the ravages of mental conflict.A great purpose is sure to generate a great personality.\u201d \u2014Hy- se Beauty in the Rain\u2019 By Lydia Lion Roberts.ce HAT a beautiful rain!\u201d ex- W clalmed Mrs.Burt as she opened the front door.The small child who had rung the bell looked at her in surprise, \u201cIt's raining dreadfully.hard,\u201d she said, \u201cand every hing is wet.\u201d \u201cYes, Ruth, I can see the raind-ops dancing in the puddles,\u201d said Mrs.Burt.The birds will have some n.ce paths pretty soon.The rain is like à silver curtain above the green grass.See how pretty it is over on tht meadow.\u201d \u201cI didn\u2019t know rain was ever pretty,\u201d sald small Ruth, and she looked again with eyes opened to the loveliness of the scene.REN hear many complaints about the weather, sometimes there is hardly a good word spoken for it, and yet there is seldom a day that does not hold some beauty of sun or shadow, wind or rain.To heip the children appreciate the vivid pictures Nature offers in her varying moods is to open the way to contentment through the years, for the weather is always with us, and we may well accept it with serenity.The sunny days appeal to everyone, but gray days have a peculiar charm, a quiet haunting quality impressive in its rich monotones.Show the children that gray days bring clouds changing from white to violet-gray and lavender, that « pond or a puddle floats shadows holding tints of green and amber.Note the misty veils on the hills, and the slow-rising fog wraiths circling the fields.REN usually delight In the hilarity of the wind and its many pranks; they respond eagerly to its rush and roar, and love to dance to its wild piping.Encourage them to enjcy to the full, without dispatage- ment, this exuberance and breathlessness of the wind that stirs emotions and makes eyes bright and cheelss rosy.Let them watch the mad dance of the tree branches keeping tima with the wind.Shqy them how the fields ripple like an inland sea as the wind passes over the waving grass; let them notice the grace of swaying flower and tossing bush, and the flitting shadows at play on the hillside.Snow and sleet bring their own shining wonder and this may well be dwelt upon rather than any discomfort which may ensue.\u201cI go out in any kind of weather and I like it all,\u201d declared a vigorous young woman of seventy dauntless years.attitude is natural to children unless imitation of grumbling adults warps their adaptability.A sleet storm may he a game, a challenge, a white excitement; snow transforms the everyday world to a strange mystical land of radiant silvery bloom, while {cy winds create glittering palaces and jewel-hung bush and tree.For the understanding adult every mood of the weather is merely another phase of beauty, and in teaching this responsiveness to children we may M- culeate the poet's attitude when he sang, \u201cWhen God sorts out the weather and aends rain W'y rain\u2019s my cholce.\u201d \u2014Frem a series of articles issued by the National Kindergarten Assocla- oon, 8 West 40th Street, New York ty.Helps for the Home Nurse N ideal sick-room ls one removed from the noise and confusion of household duties, where there is plenty of light, good - ventilation, and sunshine.The furniture in the room should be simple and easily cared for.A bare room is much leas care for the nurse and much more restful for the patient than one filled with nicknacks and draperies.A comfortable mattress an fron bedstead is emential.Two three chairs, one of them an easy chalr with a high back, upholstered in some pretty washable material, are needed, but never a rocking-chalr.The rocking may annoy the patient.Besides the chairs, two tables will be necessary, one near the patlent's bed to hold a clock or any little necessity that she may wish, and one in some other part of the room, where the nurse may keep the medicine.and her It is best not to have & carpet on the floor.Small rugs are much easier to keep clean.The bed should be placed 30 that a window may be kept open all day without having the patient in a draft.A screen will be necessary.An old clothes-horse covered with a sheet makes an excellent substitute.The room should be well heated.A fireplace is good to insure better ventilation.Otherwise some scheme must be worked out by which windows may be raised and lowered without causing & draft to blow on the patient.home nurse should keep a careful record of her patient's tem- condition.Writing down the doctor's orders is most important; It 1s never safe to trust to memory in giving medicine; checked off as given.i use à colored glass for medicine that ry powerful and poisonous; there then be no possibility of a mis- .Mark a large cross on the cover box containing powerful medi- the form of pills.Give pilis to patient from a spoon with a drink of water before and after she takes them if she has any difficulty in swallowing them.In making the bed for the patient, the bottom sheet ia first put on smoothly, and fastened well at the ends with \u201cenvelope\u201d corners.Then there should be a strip of rubber sheeting the width of the bed and about a yard deep.This is laid a little higher than the middle of the bed, and over it goes the draw sheet, This may be an ordinary sheet folded lengthwise and placed across the bed, xioEE PORTABLE SUMMER BUNKIE 4.285% BUNKIE Sr.$69 on, HALLIDAYS MAM LCR SUR PR TOITS LR LS ARAL] oN INARD'S LINIMENT ot rae kis ace.Tereate » aS \u2014\u2014 kL i 8 i i= Ê E Ë èÉE Eff F i CE ë HHH 1 5 iz | ; | TN ERE Eel BE dt Fil #2f Ë rn Efgses Ed n Ff i Esk likin Eff cit asê 5 pied: g Feiss E jé f 1: 8 F ne shapes 8 ils t din Ë ge Bay Uxécgalér HEL is put TOTAL oar SOLID VMENDLY NOME YOR YOUNG WOMEN /Parther Centributisus .\u2026 .ons TOTAL \u201crer oe ve se an sn.Cotas, bare to wre vn Pad trom J 3 ae ae en ae Farther Contributions se ae se ue wn TOTAL ooo th 15 es ee 00 0 00 04 get ore off .dry them as carefully as you would your a or to- WITNESS and Canadian Hemesiead, JUNE 9, 1987.' vou.L over 3 narrow twice over 3, nar.10th Border, k 1, marrow k 1, narrow brie à 1, narrow twice, k 1, narrow ~ a Narrow Heart Lace\u2014Cast on 15 stitches.1st row, k-9, purl 1, make 1, k 1, make purl 1, ka : : 204 rew, k 4, purl 3, k 3, over 2, narrow 3rd row, & 7, purl 1, k 2, 1 1, k 1, make 1, k 1 mske 1.k 1, purr Lk 3 4th rew, k 4, purl 5, k 11.Sth row, k 10, purl 1, k 2, make 1, k 1, make 1, k 2, pur] 1, k 3.Oth row, k 4, purl 7, k 3, over 2, nar- Tow, over 2, narrow k 4.7th row, k 8, put 1, k 2, puri 1, k 2, purl 1, k 7, purl 1, k 3.8th row, k 4, purl 7, k 13.Sith row, k 12, pur] 1, slip 1, bind 1, k 3, marrew purl 1, k 3.10th row, k 4, purl 5, k 3°, over 3, nar- Tow § times, k 4.1Kh row, k & purl 1, k 2, puri 1, k 2, purl 1, k 2, purl 1, slip and bind 1, k 1, warrow, pwrl 1, k 3.12th row, k 4, purl 3, k 16.Problems of Homemakers KEEPING HANDS IN ORDER Many a girl in the old days hated her red work-roughened hands.Now they go to the other extreme and spend much time and money their hands \u201cdainty fine.\u201d It is the older women today who find their hands embarrassing when at Institute or Club meetings or when invited to friends\u2019 homes.Too often, red, raw hands indicate that the bearer is meglecting her health along with her looks.Exposure to cold, es pecially cald water, is bound to leave its ers and looking that way too, sometimes.Fairly bought for fifteen cents each.They are especially comfortable when having the hands in very hot, very cold or dirty sœrub water for any length of time.They also make silver cleaning less a bughear.But be sure to get them se- weral sizes too big both in order to make y hands amd dust with starch to beep them from gether after you strip them off, turning them inside out as they come.Then wear that side out the next time.ing.If rubber gloves are not available canvas gloves are better than nothing for wopping floors.If dishwater is clean and sudsy from a good neutral soap, as it should be, hands always leok much better than when you don't wash dishes at all.When they are nicely softened take an orange stick that costs à few cents and lasts several years, or an eraser or any blunt thing will do\u2014 and push back the skin from round the mails.Then scrub the soap off your hands, dry them thoroughly and rub in a few drops of lemon juice.One lemon with small cut in the end will last two or three weeks for this purpose.There really isn't much more bean- tiful than a pair of work-warn hands, showing years of loving service and usefulness, but do take cave of them and keep them comfortable and in order.\"HOME COOKING RHUBARB By Madam Dumplings: \u2014One-hal! cupful of four, a pinch of salt, sweet milk, eream, rhubarb, % of teaspoonful baking powder, 1 large tablespoonful of butter, Cook the rhubarb to a thick sauce.Sift together the flour, the baking powder and the salt; add the butter, and then the milk.Roll the pastry out half an inch thick and cut it into large rounds.Place two tablespoonfuls of the rhubarb sauce in the centre of every round, draw the edges of the round together, brush the top with milk and sprinkle sugar upon it.Arrange the rounds in a greased baking pan, bake them until they are brown and serve them hot with plain or with whipped cream.Rhabdard and Raspberry is an emcellant combination, and a delightful pie can be made of half rhubarb and half bottled raspberries.It is cheaper than having ft sll gapberries and as nice.Little covered fruit tarts filled with fhubarb are a plemsant addition to the good rubber gloves can be- luncheon menu, and & Victorian sandwich with ste pink rhuberb between the sponges insteed of jam makes à simn- ple and enjoyable sweet for a quiet home i Es Pour into jelly when cold cover with melted par: 3 Rhubarb Roly Poly: \u2014Make three cups of flour into dough as for baking powder.biscuit but stiffer.Roll one-fourth inch 2 dough and cook in steamer, or tie up in floured cloth and drop in boiling water.one hour; serve with foamy sauce.This is also good with an old-fashioned suet crist instead of the biscuit dough.Œheubarb Custard Ple:\u2014Two cupluls rhubarb, diced; 1 cupful sugar, cupful milk, 32 eggs, 2 tenspoonfuls flow, tea- Stew the rhubarb in three-fourths cupful of sugar until soft; cool and add milk and the yolks of the eggs besten with one-fourth cupful of sugar, the flour and the salt mixed together.Add lemon juice.Pour into a pie pan lined with pastry with a fluted rim.Bake until almost firm, cover with meringue, and return to a slow oven to finish To make the meringue, beat the egg-whites very stiff, add two tablespoonfuls of sugar to each egg-white, beat again, then add another tablespoonful of sugar to each egg- white; beat, flavor with a few drops of lemon or vanilla extract, and spread on pie.If fresh rhubarb is not in season, and you are the fortunate possessor of some which you have canned, you may use it in place of the fresh rhubarb called for in this recipe.Rbabarb-Date Pie:\u2014Line a pieplate with good paste, lay on a layer of stomed dates, All with stewed rhubarb and bake with a top crust.United States After the President demanded the \u201cevil practices\u201d of rich tax evaders be stopped, the Senate adopted a resolution for an investigation on June 1 establishing a jeint committee of six Senators and six members of the House of Representatives to conduct the inquiry, lay the facts before \u2018the public and furnish basis for laws.Chief John Prendergast, of the Chicago Police\u2014declaring a \u201cstate of emergency\u201d WORRIED BY PIMPLES AND ECZEMA Complexion Unblemished after Six Weeks of Kruschen \u201cFor the past two years,\u201d writes 8 woman, \u201cmy face was covered with hard pimples and red blotches, and I also had eczema on my neck and fore-arms.I lotions, creams and ointments, wifh- the slightest effect.1 was 30 worried.I decided to give Kruschen & trial, and without any exaggeration, within six weeks my face was without a blemish, and I have not had a sign of 1 take Kruschen regular- li failing to expel from the system.Krus- chen Salts help \u2018to keep the body organs functioning nermally and healthily, thus preventing the accumulation of impurities in the blood.I wl // A SE\u201d Safe Couvenions.Payable at Par Everyedière.For Sake ot oll .CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAYS STATIONS and EXPRESS OFFICES Congress on June 1 over-rode President Roosevelt's veto of legislation to ex- PEOPLE'S MART ADVERTISING RATES \u2014Under this heading advertisements will be inserted without display at s cash-with-order rate of three cents per word per insertion (minimum obarge 45¢ per insertion).MIX conséeutive insertions will be given for the price of POUR (minimum rate for six insertions $1.50) A number or single Jet- Office, an additional twenty-five cents is made.Copy for tasec- tion in these columas should be in the \u201cWines\u201d Office not later than Priday morning to secure proper classification :n following Weekly Edition.ARTISTS SUPFLISS Artists\u2019 umm.Tf ART EMPORIUM LTD.146 Ave, Meotreal MEBICAL Hupouret7\u2014WPor Relief And Comfart Write BRITD MPG.COMPANY, Dept.78, Presten.Ont PHOTOGRAPHY FREE HAND-TINTED ENLARGEMENTS With Ev- ory § prints, 28\u20ac, AI prints deckle-edge border.All work guaranteed.GRAY PHOTO CO., Dept.B, 53 Margrave Si.Wianipeg, Man.Barred Recks 9c., chicks all agra.Milverton, Ont.Leghorn-Minorea Hybrid: VERTON POULTRY Fam, POULTRY\u2014MISCELLANEOUS FOLIETS.Leghorn And Barred Rocks.Wendevind producers for early fall, from Government Ap- gored Steck.Menth old 20c: afeo 5-5-7 weeks.vest wimly now.Brooded under ides! natural - I , PLETSCH MA Y, st poultry.Jove, Jom cota tor pas- Semdiumns TOMER rassord Fos sais PROPERTY POR SALE ull length Zipper! Slash peckets.ad waist and sleeves, Windproof, Waterproal, Wear- proof.Color: dark Brown Sizes 24-46 (chest measure).100% Seslefaction or 1004: refund.Bend Order: SPORTS.Money : COOPER PANTS AND WHRAË COMPANY, 6i47 Dutcher Street, Montreal.LADIES' FLANNEL COATS, $5.90 Pee-shrunk English All Weel Coats Ia Jigger Or full-length styles.Bises 14-48.White, Maise, Rue, sent COD.plus postege.- y .money refunded.BORS MAIL ORDER, 5427 Muéctiison treal » i 8 .NEW HUSSMAN STAMP 1132 Pioe, St.Louis, Mo.U.8.A.00 a to rent for June.Pour rooms.At water's edge.M8.W.EDOAR, P.©.Box 307%, Montreal. TWELVE Federal Judge James H.Wilkerson refused on June 2 to reduce by one year the 11-year prison sentence imposed in 1832 on Al Capone, former Chicago gang lord, on charges of income tax evasion.President Roosevelt on June 3 called on Congress to create seven national planning agencies along the lines of the Tennessee Valley Authority to conserve national resnurces and solve the problem of floods, droughts and soil erosion, with the production and sale of public power as a corollary to any program presented.An announcement by Secretary Mor- genthau that the United States Treasury will borrow $800,000,000 next week indicated op June 3 that the Government's gold \u201csterilization\u201d policy will be continued indefinitely.President Roosevelt proclaimed on June 3 that the United States is ready to co-operate with foreign nations \u201cat all times\u201d for the preservation of world peace, in a message to the sixteenth triennial convention of the world\u2019s Woman's Christian perance Union read by Francis B.Sayre, Assistant Secretary of State, who said permanent peace can be attained only by co-operative effort.President Roosevelt criticized the Supreme Court on June 4 on the ground that it is leaving important administration cases undecided while it takes a four-month vacation.Chairman Pittman (D., Nev.) of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee said on June @ prospects were \u201cpoor\u201d for Senate consideration of the St.Lawrence Waterway Treaty at this season.Mayor Edward J.Kelly notified Republic Steel Corporation officials on June 5 housing of workers in the strikebound plant was a violation of city building codes and city health regulations.He gave them 48 hours to remove the men and avoid action by police.Twelve officials of the Townsend national organization resigned on June § because of \u201crepeated public utterances\u2014 attacking the President and his administration.\u201d Dr.Francis E.Townsend, founder of the Townsend Old Age Pension Plan, declared on June 8 that the twelve national officers who resigned had attempted to force him to relinquish control of the organization to them and accused them of involving the plan in financial difficulties.The \u201crelatively small\u201d estate left by John D.Rockefeller, sr.turned out on June 6 to be approximately $25,000,000.Principal beneficiaries named in the capitalist\u2019s will, which was filed for probate, were Mrs.Margaret Strong De Ceu- vas, a grar2 Zaughter, and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.Mr.Rockefeller explained, in_a codicil dated October 3, 1934, he already had made ample provision for his other heirs.- Jean Harlow, 28, screen actress, died in Los Angeles on Junc 7 when acute ur~\u2014i~ poisoning spread to cerebral oedema.J.P.Morgan defended tax \u2018evasion which was within the law on his return to New York from London on June 7 abosrd the Queen Mary.He declared that \u201ctaxation is a legal question, pure and simple, and not a moral one.\u201d \u201cWhat's the matter with England, France, the United States, Canada?Are they afraid that by supplying arms to the Loyalist forces they'll start a world war?Why, the world war has started.In fact, it's in its third stage\u2014Manchuria, Ethiopia.and now Spain.Its democracy against Fascism\u201d Dr.Norman Bethune, Montreal physician who went to Spain seven months agn to take over the trang- fusion service with the assistance of Ha- zen Sise and Henning Sorenson, of Montreal and Allan May, of Toronto, arrived at New York in the Queen Mary, travel- line -teerage: To the Canadian Press, Dr.Bethune said: \u201cI wasn't spending the units money on first class tickets.\u201d Dr.Fernando de Los Rios, the Spanish Ambassdor, stated on June 7 at a press conference in Washington prior to departing for Valencia for a conference with his Government, that the Loyalist Government refralned from considering the German bombardment of Almeria an act of war because it did not want the civil war to develop into a general European war.Europe The Spanish Government charged Germany and Italy on June 1 with waging & \u201cwar of invasion\u201d against the Republic.Both for Spain and for Europe the hance of peace lies in with- am i of - co are Spain's Soom Julio Alvares AYO, = btr of the League Council, declared on ur \u2018the Deutschland incident sai \u2018its first manoeuvres since the island was refortified in de- WITNESS snd Canadian Homestead, JUNE 9, 1937.June 2 in- Paris at the regular luncheon of British and American \u201ccorrespondents in France.x Government was more than willing to have an impartial enquiry into all the circumstances of the presence of the Deutschland in a rebel port and on which side the first act of wis committed.It was a matter for The Hague Court to decide after full enquiry and he would push for Its being carried there.General Emilio Mola, commander of all insurgent armies in Northern Spain and director of the two- months-old siege of Bilbao, was killed on June 3 in wo pilots died with him in the wreck near Briviesca, 25 miles northeast of Burgos.General Fidel Davila, hitherto head ~ of the technical junta of the 5j insurgent regime, was a Dd June 3 to command of the forces operating against Bilbao and along rest of the Bay of Biscay front, General Saliquet, commander of operations on the Madrid front, was made chlef of insurgent forces on the ' Aragon, Soria and Madrid fronts.General Quielpo de Llano retained command of the southern armies.Two hundred and twenty-six Germans have arrived in Lisbon on June 4 from Seville, Spain, and are fre er ceeding home on thé German Monte Pascoal, it was reported.Spain on June 4 vigorously protested Germany's \u201cbarbarous aggression\u201d against Almeria and warned that it reserved all its rights to claim indemnity for the \u201cincalculable injury\u201d caused by the Reich naval at- Archduke Otto of Hapsburg, claimant of the vacant throne of Austria, was an eye-witness on June 6 of the resumption of the Spanish insurgents\u2019 drive against long-besieged Bilbao.The toll of German sallors killed when the pocket battleship Deutsch- land was bombed by two Spanish Government planes in Iziza Harbor May 29, reached 30 on June 7 as another sailor died in Gibraltar Hospital from wounds.Archduke Otto, of Hapsburg, pretender to the extinet Austrian Grown, is being groomed by Premier Mussolini for the Spanish Throne in the event of an insurgent victory, with the Italian Princess Maria of Savoy as his consort, a person in the confidence of ex-King Alfonso XIII told Havas news agency on June 7.The Duke of Windsor married Wallis Warfield at Monts, France, on June 2.Mayor of Monts, Charles Mercier, read the civil service prescribed by French law before required witnesses in the chateau salon.The eivil service began at 1142 am.and at 11.47 Mrs.Warfleld became the Duchess of Windsor.The religious service In the chateau music room before 38 persons ended at 12.14 p.m.Rev.R.Anderson Jardine, vicar of St.Paul's church, Darlington.England, acting on his own initiative.The French Chamber of Deputies voted by a majority of 2 on June 4 to abolish tipping.The French Senate on June 4 approved Premier Blum\u2019s \u201cpress reform\u201d bill without a record vote.Already passed by the Deputies it would subject editors and others responsible for hewspaper articles to criminal prosecution for defamation of character.Three bombs exploded in Parls post offices on June 4, and police said the mad.mysterious \u201cThree Judges of Hell\u201d were back at work.Great Britain, through her ambage rador to Berlin, on June 1 assumpd Germany that if she would keep the peace \u2018In Eurone she would find she \u201chas not a more sincere nor .more jeful friend in the world than Great \u2018The State\u2019s attorney, prosecuting at Coblenz and through the Rhineland more than 90 per cent of the Catholic immorality trials, revealed on June 2 that the trials might con- for years a3 new arrests are being made almost daily.Four submarines were to foin the German fleet waters on June 2.The German Navy on June 14 held off Heligoland despatched in Spanish of the Versailles Treaty.: :.WE CAN PROVIDE THE Money Loans under the Home Improvement Plan can be obtained for renovation work not only t your home, bat .to your barns and other farm buildiegs as wells 20 We should be glad of the opportanity of discussing your Ask for our pamphlet on Home improvement plans with you.Improvement Loans.: Peed fowl that wil put on from twe to three Pounds ears weight on the same amount of food os ecckerels.- 4 wosks old 25 conés each Day OM Ohisks White Laghorns, Rode Island Reds 08.56 por 100 Barred Rooks, White Rocks ee\u201d White Minorcas, New Hampshires .* Prices on Started Chicks will be given ea request.Prepare for the ogg and poultry prices that ase certaln to follow this fall and winter pn Mr chet and Omen: inherited citizenshi] slovakian grandfa uralized in New York d an elght- ven residence there, and he was guil- otined in a German prison on June 4 when Averlcan diplomatie pleas for clemency because of his U.8.citizenship failed.He was charged with pl a to assessinate Julins Streich- er, anti-Semitic leader, was tried secretly and details of evidence were withheld.A 20-year-old German, Oscar Denner, was executed with Hirach on an identical charge of high treason.from his Csecho- er who was nat- \u2014_\u2014\u2014 Rev, Martin Niemoeller, of the German essional Protestant Church, made the first of what is to a series of speeches in Berlin on 4 for the declared purpose of warning his church members to be on guard for the forthe church elections.It was announced In printed notices that Niemoeller\u2019s scheduled address had been seized and confiscated by the authorities._ The German Government replied to -the British proposal for guaranteein the salety of non-intervention nav patrol ts off Spain in a much more conciliatory tone than the Nasal press forecast, political circles said on June Munich\u2019s most popular Catholic Rupert Mayr, was arrested on une 5.Mayr was an ex-officer who lost both legs fighting for Germany in the Great War.Ten Catholic priests were arrested tn Munich on June 6 after Hitler Youth groups tried to break up St.Boniface youth services in several churches, and a free-for-all started between Hitler and Catholic Youth before one church.The text of the statement issued to the Berlin priests by the Roman Catholic church auhorlies on June 6 said of the \u201cimmorality trials: \u201cIn Germany there are more than 100,000 male and female members of lay congregations.How many of them have been dragged into the present trials could not be determined exactly.As regards the priests, however, information from all German dioceses indicates that of 21461 Catholic priests (not belonging to orders) 49 are Involved in the present wave of trials against priests and members of orders.Of these 31 have been found gullty and the cases of 28 are still pen: .Of priests belonging to orders nine are Involved, among whom only one has been found gullty, and the cases of the eight others are still r cen or one priest in every 500.5 Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, speaking to the German Large- Families League on June 6.urged nation to multiply exceedingly.promising that future.gentrations would affairs to the German , &ppealed to the courts.His rv estab- the.Vailean specifically profibiied can sj prohibited such police -interference in internal church matters.The court did not contradict the Catholic attorneys\u2019 thesis, but on June 7 handed down an opinion that thers was no appeal whatever from acticus of the secret police taken \u201cin the interests of State security.\u201d The court also rules that the secret police alone could decide which of their actions were in the State's interests.Germah Propaganda Minister Geb.bels\u2019 n , Der Angriff, on June T attacted Roman Catholic Cardinal Imnitzer, of Vienna, and denied that ~10 priests were arrested after the previous day's street-fighting in Mu- à highly informed source said on June 1, are under orders to halt at sea Russian ships carrying supplies to the Madrid- Valencia Government.- Marshal Werner von Blomberg, German War Minister, arrived in Rome from Berlin by alr early on June 2, on an official visit to Italy's armed forces.reply to Britain 2 partant ie ality a neu proposals, it was stated on June agreed \u201cin principle\u201d with Britain's third point\u2014for consultation among commanders of \u2018the foreign patrol ships around Spain if any of them is attacked, However, he declared, such Carrying out reprisals If any of her ng out rep any of her sHips is attacked.y Pope Pius on June 7 apoointed Monsignor J h Guyt, Apostolic Vicar of Grouard, Alta., to be Bishop of Grav- elbourg, Sask, succeeding Rt.Rev.Arthur Melanson.QGeorgl Dimitroft, Secretary General o (he Comintern (Third Communist mation: d telegraphically on June 4 & the Second (Soclal- ist) International and the Amsterdam Trade Union International to bury past differences and join in rallying what Dimitroff called \u201cmillions in the forces of the International workers\u2019 movement\u201d in \u201cdefence of the Spanish people against Fascist barbarians and for protection of world peace.\u201d Marshal I.B.Gamarnik, As-istant Commissar of Defence and a member of the Central Committee of the Communist party, was charged on June 5 with others as vet unnamed as Trots- kyists \u201cperforming espionage deeds and selling the Fatherland to German and Japanese Imperlalists.\u201d (Marshal Gamarnik, -43 years old.committed suicide on May 31.according to the Communist Central Committee.) \u2018The Soviet Union's Third Five-Year Plan, deslaned this time \u201ctn overtake and surnass America.\u201d on Jims À was taking form in the hands nf the ne- tion's industrial leaders.7* nrohably will go into effect next Jenuerv 1.immediately on crmolellon of the Ranord Five-Year Plan Italian warshi "]