The educational record of the province of Quebec, 1 janvier 1915, Janvier - Mars

[" + gos + Che Educational 1m Record | of the Province of Quebec & + ks ti No.1.2.3 January-February-March 1915 Vol.XXXV EDITORIAL NOTES AND COMMENTS : THE PHYSIOGRAPHY QUESTION.In this issue we publish an article by Mr.J.C.Sutherland, B.A., on \u201cDropping Physiography\u201d and a reply by Mr.J.A.Nicholson, M.A.Physiography has been dropped by McGill University as a matriculation subject.Mr.Sutherland is of the opinion that this will mean its disappearance from the Academies, and considers that this would be a misfortune.The reply of Mr.Nicholson, the Registrar of McGill, gives the university point of view on \u2018the question.The points on both sides are fairly and clearly presented, and the discussion should serve as the basis for future policy on science teaching in the Academies.The essential thing is to make that teaching as real and effective as possible.NOTE TO TEACHERS \u2014 To interest the senior pupils and provide them with profitable reading a few pages of interesting selections and original items will appear in each issue of the RECORD.Please call the pupils\u2019 attention to these pages and ask them to read such parts as they prefer.\u2014EDITORS. The Educational Record.AGRICULTURE AND NATURE STUDY.The Protestant Committee adopted a series of most important resolutions at the February (1914) meeting, which have for their end the inauguration of a thorough system of instruction in Nature Study and Elementary Agriculture in the rural Flementary and Model Schools, and of more advanced Agriculture in the Academies.These subjects have been in the Courses of Study for years, and Agriculture is a compulsory subject by the general school law, but the work has never been effective.It has not had behind it the support of the public, for one thing, and then the training of the teachers has not always been sufficiently : directed to this particular end to ensure a very successful a handling of the subject, Public opinion is now, however, much more favorable to the teaching of agriculture in the schools of our Province\u2019 The work of Macdonald College is better appreciated by our practical farmers, and it is more generally recognized than it was only a few years ago that Science is a useful handmaiden for the farmer.The graduates in Agriculture, also, that the institution has been turning out are proving that they can be of immense service to the schools by visiting them, and arousing the interest of the pupils by means of practical addresses.The time has now come to extend this work systematically, and that is the purpose of the resolutions adopted by the Protestant Committee.They call for continued -emphasis upon the subject of Nature Study in the Macdonald Training School for Teachers; for prominence to this subject wherever Summer Schools are held in connection with the preparation of candidates for Teachers\u2019 diplomas; for special emphasis of the study at the Teachers\u2019 Conferences; for a course of instruction to the inspectors to this end; for a special Summer School for teachers with diplomas in which Nature Study and the elements of Agriculture shall be given a prominent place; and for the giving of addresses in the Aicademies and Model Schools by the Macdonald College demonstrators. Pension Receipts.These are but the preliminary steps which are needed before the other essential steps of re-fitting the subjects into the school courses \u2018are undertaken.All who believe in the value and importance of the movement can now, however, assist greatly by co-operating in the first steps.Even the teachers who have already taken courses in Agriculture and Nature Study may benefit by coming in touch with the courses now likely to be offered.PENSION RECEIPTS.The frequent neglect of Secretaries to make their an- nural returns to the Department causes many teachers much annoyance and even cash payments.The only inducement for making these returns is the government grant to the schools and, when this grant is small, and the municipality is careless, the matter is overlooked and not only the mun:- cipality loses its grant, but the teacher has no credit given her on the books of the pension fund, That such neglect can pass the auditors shows pretty clearly their unfitness for the work they do.The only way a teacher can take care of her pension account is to exact from each secretary her receipt from the Department.This receipt is always sent to the Secretary along with the government grant and ought to be forwarded to the teacher during the next term.To make this possible the teacher must communicate with the Secretary and give him her address, as he may not know her location or may forget the matter entirely.Every teacher with a diploma should attend to her pension account from year to year and see that any shortages are made good, when everyone concerned is alive and in office.It would require a page to enumerate the difficulties that arise between some teachers and their pension, especially when the teacher has been employed for 25 or 30 years in half as many different places.Surely a word of warning will help to interest those teachers now at work to care for their pension account from 4 The Educational Record.year to year and thus secure their interests before the evil days come, which m'ay cause them to pay their pension dues a second time.PENSION VALUES.One frequently hears persons enjoying a teacher's pension complain of the terms and the restrictions and even of the amount.To all such people there is only one answer, namely, to point out any other institution, wherein they can receive anything like the pension returns for the same investment.In the case of a male teacher on a salary of $1,000 per year for 35 years of service at 2 p.c.a pension of \u2018$700.is due him annually, The generosity of the pension appears, when it is observed, that, when he receives his first year\u2019s pension, he has had returned to him every cent he paid into the pension fund and that his second year\u2019s pension will badly exhaust all the accumulated interest on his money for the 35 years of his service.After the second year, therefore, he is being paid out of the revenues of the province, that is, from the earnings of his fellow citizens.If such treatment be deemed unworthy, let the recipient figure out the principal necessary to produce his pension, even at 5 p.c., and he will find, that it is as good as if he had received $1,500 per year, instead of $1,000 per year and at the same time had laid up every cent of the $500 extra.It will however, be generally admitted that the extra $500 would not be laid up \u2018and that the person would not be in possession of a principal equivalent to a pension of $700 per year.There must also be taken into consideration the security of the government payments, as compared with the personal investment of funds in which riches often perish with thehandling thereof.In the case of a female teacher the case is one-third stronger, as, though she only pays in 2 p.c.,, she may receive 3 p.c.in her pension returns, On the whole, therefore, though we do not favour a pension system, as the best means for building up manhood Pension Values.and independent thrift, we can see no reason to complain, that the government under the circumstances, and, until salaries are increased, comes to the assistance of the teachers as provided in its pension laws.Moreover, there are many teachers, who are very grateful for the help they received and who \u2018without it would be poorly situated.THE RECORD AND THE MAGAZINE.Each rural school is, henceforth, to receive each quarter, both the Educational Record and the Macdonald Magazine.The Record is sent to the teacher in her professional capacity as a free communication from the Department of Public Instruction and is paid for by the Legislature of .the Province.It is the official organ of general information, relating to the teacher's work and it ought to be carefully read, especially that part containing the minutes of the Protestant Committee.In other respects the teacher will find the Record contains much that is helpful to her in her work.In those \u201cItems for the Teacher\u201d and \u201cThe Noon Hour\u201d are placed bits of information, that are either helpful or entertaining to those who are remote from books and current literature.When a teacher has read her Record, it is her duty to place it on file in the library among the other books of reference in her school.The Macdonald College Magazine is sent to each teacher personally by the Principal, Dr.Harrison, at the expense of the College and is intended to be read and passed around, as much as opportunity will permit, so as to make the College known and convey its message to the pupils and the public generally.In many cases it will be a welcome souvenir to those teachers who have graduated from the Macdonald Training School and will bring them pleasant memories of former days at Macdonald.About ten pages of the Magazine are to be credited by the Dean of the Training School in behalf of the teachers at work in the rural schools.This department will be of much assistance 6 The Educational Record.to the teacher, who, in her new sphere of work, will no doubt require all the assistance she can obtain from any reliable source.TEACHER TRAINING.The problem of producing a supply of properly trained teachers for the English Schools of our province is one of the most complex presented by our school system.In the days of the McGill Normal School there were several classes of pupils belonging to the Montreal City roll, who attended the classes in the McGill Model School, and provided abundant material on which the normal students could practice for perfection.But, when the Normal School was removed to Macdonald College, there were very few classes for so many students to practice on and it was found necessary to make an arrangement with the school board of Montreal whereby the normal students might enter several of the City Schools to practice the art of teaching under the supervision of some of the successful teachers on the City Staff.This practice in the City Schools is in addition to practice given in the \u201cDay School\u201d of Macdonald College and has to an.extent the supervision of the Normal School Staff as well as the city teachers.Both in the former Normal School and in the present Training School the practice has been given in graded classes, that is, in rooms wherein only one grade of work is being taught.In this way the teacher is only partially prepared for the duties that may confront her and she will certainly prefer work in graded schools, such as are found in cities, towns \u2018and superior schools.In such case there is no inducement to enter the ungraded work of the rural school and every inducement to avoid it.There is, however, a notable exception in the plan, adopted by Dean Sinclair and Dean Laird, of requiring each student at the Training School to possess some knowledge of the conditions obtaining in the ungraded Rural School. Dropping Physiography by J.C.Sutherland, B.A, In the former case Dean Sinclair required each student at the Training School to visit, during the session of the normal classes, some of the Rural Schools in the vicinity of Macdonald College, while Dean Laird has required each student to spend two \u2018days in some ungraded rural school at the close of the Christmas holidays and observe the actual conditions of these schools.Without doubt these are two very important modifications and must result in benefit to the students in training and ultimately to the schools they may undertake to teach.But there are some instances where the inconguity might occur of a normal student going for \u201cpoints\u201d to a rural school in charge of a teacher who had no training, nor even a diploma.To avoid such a happening it is only necessary to point out the possibility, On the other hand would it not be a good plan to form a model of an ungraded school at the Day School in which there would be 16 or 18 pupils, divided into four or five grades such as\u2014first and second primer, second reader, third reader and fourth reader\u2014Then scan the normal class roll for a teacher, who had formerly been successful in rural school work and place her in charge as demonstrator at such times and for such periods as may be found advisable.Her chief function would be to outline a suitable timetable and demonstrate the best methods of work and discipline.If it were found difficult to select the best teacher from the roll, unaided, an application to the inspectors with whom such persons had taught might secure a line that would help in the selection of a suitable teacher for such classes.Should there be any merit in the suggestion, we leave it with those in charge, who, we believe, are anxious to do the best for all grades of schools in our province.DROPPING PHYSIOGRAPHY.The McGill Calendar announces that, after 1915, physiography will no longer be accepted as a matriculation subject in Arts.It is also dropped from some other en- The Educational Record.trance examinations.The reasons which have led to this step are, doubtless, valid, from the University point of view.In the case of Arts the University authorities are unquestionably the best judges of the general scheme which will afford the right preparation for strong and rounded courses; \u2018and in Science also they must be credited with an equally just sense of perspective.It is not the purpose of this article to offer any criticism of the decision with regard to physiography from this point of view, but to suggest some considerations as to the result which it may have, incidentally, upon Canadian intellectual development and culture.In the first place it is to be noted that the dropping of physiography as a matriculation subject will affect a great many more pupils in secondary schools than those who are preparing for matriculation.Here in the province of Quebec, at any rate, it will mean the general abandonment of the subject in the Protestant Academies and High Schools, and in the Protestant Model Schools which do the work of Grade II.Academy, In this grade, common to the Academies and to most of the Model Schools, one science subject is compulsory, and it may be either physiography, physics, chemistry, or botany.For various reasons the Protestant Committee has urged the choice of physiography, the chief one being that the equipment required for chemistry and botany, in particular, is beyond the reach of most school boards.The memoranda of instructions issued to the teachers says on this point: \u201cThe Committee desires to impress upon the minds of the teachers in connection with the science work that there is very little educational value in any science course which confines the chief part of the pupils\u2019 time to the text book, and, therefore, the Committee desires to discourage the study of botany and chemistry in schools where the teachers find it necessary to carry on this work almost exclusively as text-book work; and to recommend that only those schools which are provided with laboratories and apparatus necessary for a thorough course in laboratory work should take up the subjects of botany and chemistry.For the average Dropping Physiography by J.C.Sutherland, B.A, 9 school the Committee is of the opinion that the science course which consists of elementary physics in Grades I, IT and IIT Academy, and physical geography in Grade II and III Academy, will prove under existing conditions to be of the greatest educational and practical value to the pupils generally.The study of physical geography in Grades II and III Academy forms a desirable course for several reasons.First, it follows naturally upon the elementary course in physics.Second, it deals with facts and materials which are abundantly illustrated in the every day experience of the great majority of pupils in our schools.Third, it is closely related to the subject of agriculture and many of the fundamental truths which underlie agriculture are naturally taken up in connection with physical geography, and in this way the demand for instruction in agriculture can in a measure be met without adding an additional subject to our school course.For these and other reasons the Committee desires to commend this course to the teachers of the province.\u201d As a result of this recommendation, and as a result of its inherent interest, physiography has been for years a popular subject in the superior schools of Quebec, both with teachers and pupils.It is also the subject which obtains, perhaps, the highest general average of marks at the June examinations.The conclusion to be drawn from this fact is not, I think, that it is a very easy subject, but that it is well taught and well studied because it is a very attractive subject.As an option, however, it is altogether probable that it will be dropped in the schools when it ceases to be a matriculation subject, even although only a small proportion of the pupils in the Academy grades go forward to matriculation.A subject that will \u201ccount\u201d must take its place.With limited staff and equipment, thorough attention to two options, one of which has matriculation value and the other not, is hardly to be looked for.I cannot, of course, speak for the conditions in the other provinces, but I have no hesitation in predicting the total eclipse of physiography in the superior schools of Quebec.Is this an intellectual 10 The Educational Record.loss or gain?It is probably no loss whatever to the pupils who go forward to the Arts course.It may be readily and fully made up to them in the lectures on geology in the third year.But our interest is in the many more pupils who do not go forward to the University, and whose total intellectual preparation ends in the Academy or High School.Will chemistry or botany be just as good for them?An over emphatic answer in the positive or negative is hardly advisable.The question is a relative one.Any one of the three sciences, if rightly presented, can develop the scientific habit of mind.Each has its direct practical value in the economic world, and the advantages in this respect are on the side of chemistry.Fach of the three subjects, if followed up after school life, discloses an ever-growing world of interest.Fach may be the basis of a broad intellectual culture.Nevertheless, I think there are valid reasons for preferring physiography for the schools, still bearing in mind that one is considering the interests of that greater number of the pupils who do not go forward to a university course.Those of us who \u2018are most impressed with this function of the schools, namely, that of giving a fairly substantial eau- cation for business and industrial life, and of affording some basis and encouragement for, and impetus towards, self-culture, must necessarily consider this question of what shall be taught from another point of view than that of matriculation requirements.Now this larger number of High School and Academy pupils\u2014and this principle applies in every province as in the world generally\u2014receives from one to three years of science teaching.Their whole introduction to the facts, principles, methods, purposes, scope and history of science is confined to that which they can acquire in a few hours weekly, say from the age of fourteen to sixteen or seventeen, supposing that the school course 1s completed, It is but an introduction at best, but if the instruction is reasonably adequate in quality, that is in the scienitfic spirit, it will form some groundwork of culture and assist the pupil to contact with the Time Spirit.The interest of general intellectual development, therefore, Dropping Physiography by J.C.Sutherland, B.A.11 in our country makes this question of the science programme for the secondary schools important.What should be the scientific preparation of the pupils who leave these schools for business and industrial life\u2014the destiny of the majority of them?Conceding, as it must be conceded on either side of the question, that the actual amount of scientific knowledge which can be acquired in the time, and at the age of the pupils, is relatively small, we do not expect them to step out as Compendiums of Useful or Useless Knowledge.But we can expect them, at least the more capable, to have received some grasp of the meaning of science and scientific method.And I hold that this will have been received best when the particular branch of science is one that appeals to all, that interests all from the outset and one whose principles may be fairly mastered within the two or three years devoted to it.It is in these: particulars thiat physical geography has a distinct lead over chemistry or botany as a school subject.Some elementary physics and some elementary chemistry are essential to a secondary school course including science at all\u2014 and they are essential even for a fair grasp of physio- grapy\u2014but from the point of view of general culture the total acquirement of the average pupil in chemistry, physics or botany as a permanent \u201cpossession\u201d is less than that which is afforded by physiography.If this may seem to be a subjective statement the point may be expressed more directly.The average pupil, with the exception of those who are already headed for science work, is difficult to arouse to an interest in scientific principles and facts which have to be grasped by abstract efforts of thought.A striking experiment in chemistry awakens enthusiasm, but only a few pupils take in the laws of chemistry in a living way, or ever reach the glory of regarding the commonest wayside plant as a wonderful chemical factory, transforming the elements into starches, sugars, crystals, and aromatic oils.It is the exceptional teacher only, also, who can give a living interest to botany, and it is the exceptional pupil who really wants to know about the different kinds of cells, or who recognizes the values of a natural classification.But 12 The Educational Record.physiography, offering as it does a large and general explanation of the aspects of Nature, seems to appeal to the majority of pupils.Winds and tides; the ocean, lakes, and rivers; mountains, hills, valleys, and plains; glaciers; weather, thunder and lightning\u2014these and other large facts of Nature have entered into their thoughts and call for elucidation.In a recent small encyclopedia (Every- man\u2019s) there is the following definition of physiography.It \u201cdescribes the substance, form, arrangement and changes of all the real things of nature in their relations to each other, giving prominence to comprehensive principles rather than to isolated facts.It aims at a general appreciation of the earth and universe in every aspect as shown in every-day phenomena, with the aid of the sciences of astronomy, geology, biology, chemistry, geography, and meteorology.\u201d The text book of physical geography, in short, takes the place that was occupied during many years of the nineteenth century, say down to about 1870, by the text books on Natural Philosophy.The latter contained a large amount of pure physics, which was beyond all but the mathematical pupils, but they also aimed \u2018\u2018at a general appreciation of the earth and universe in every aspect as shown in every-day phenomena,\u201d and they served high purposes of general intellectual culture to many in their day and generation.The text books on physical geography are less difficult for the average young pupil.They are more attractive throughout, and above all they afford to the pupil who has worked at all, a sense of mastery of a number of general principles which awaken him or her to a larger realization of the surrounding world.There is but one complaint to be brought against the text books in use in the Canadian schools, and that is that they deal too little with Canadian phvsical geography.To conclude.The claims here put forward for the retention of physiography are based solely on the consideration that the great majority of the pupils in secondary schools do not go forward to either an arts or a professional course, and that in their interest a science subject A Reply by J.A.Nicholson, M.A.13 which is inherently attractive, and more inherently attractive to the majority than the others, should be maintained.For the reasons already given, however, it will assuredly fall by the wayside if dropped as a matriculation subject.The preparatory schools in general do not indulge in works of supererogation.They feel that they have work enough in keeping up with the increasing demands of matriculation in Latin, English Composition and other subjects, and the course of study is determined negatively by what the few matriculating pupils do not require as well as positively by what they do require.J.C.SUTHERLAND, 19th November, 1914.The Editor, \u201cThe Educational Record,\u201d Quebec, P.Q.DEAR SIR :\u2014 There is little to criticise in the article on \u201cDropping Physiography,\u201d by Mr.J.C.Sutherland, which appears in this issue of the \u201cRecord.\u201d All that is stated with regard to the educational value and the interesting nature of the subject must receive unqualified approval, but the writer is surely in error when he maintains that the fact of the University not recognizing it any longer as a science subject for matriculation means its death blow in the schools of the Province.The University when it decided as it did had no such thought, and as I shall hereafter point out, there is no good reason for supposing that this dire result will follow.For a proper understanding of the situation it is necessary, first, to consider what physiography is.Mr.Sutherland assumes that it is synonymous with physical geography, but the fact is that it is really much wider in its scope.The definition of physiography taken from \u201cEveryman\u2019s Encyclopaedia\u2019\u2019 is a very good one.It shows that in order to study the subject properly a student really needs to have an elementary knowledge at least of a number of important 14 The Educational Record.* sciences.When this subject was placed on the curriculum I am pretty sure that the person, or persons, who were responsible had in view the wider study.Physical geography, however, is what has been studied ever since, which means that a division of \u2018a subject which is not a science has been magnified into a separate subject, and then classed as a science.Geography may be studied under different heads, such as political, commercial, topographical and physical; but physical geography is no more a subject by itself than is ,any one of the other divisions.It is generally recognized that the study of geography is not complete until every division has been taken up.Reference to the curricula of other provinces and of all progressive educational countries, such as the United States of America, will bear out this statement.In the Province of Ontario, to take one example, physical geography is the last part of the subject studied, thereby rounding out the whole.This work covers one year and that year the one before the candidates are sent up for the junior matriculation examination.In one other province at least the work is completed two years before this stage is reached, but in no case is the study of physical geography, as a completion of the course in geography, left till the final year of the school course.What, in my humble judgment, the Protestant Committee should do would be to see that the study of physical geography is begun in Grade One Academy where there is practically no geography now taught at all, and have it finished in Grade Two.If they wish to ensure that the work set down is done they can make the study of it compulsory.I do not think that I misjudge the ambitions of the educational authorities in the Province when I say that they will not be content to march a year behind other parts of the Dominion even in the matter of one subject.The whole trouble is that a part of a subject which has to take account of some scientific facts, has been placed on a par with a real science; and the University made a mistake when it agreed to recognize the arrangement.No other University that I know of does accept, or ever has accepted, physical geography as govering the requirements under the A Reply by J.A.Nicholson, M.A.15 head of science for matriculation, and McGill lowered her standard when she placed it as an equivalent for physics or botany or chemistry.The very fact that last year, for instance, only 2.8 of the candidates in physical geography failed, whereas 23 p.c.failed in chemistry and 21 Pc.in physics, is sufficient to show that there is no comparison as regards difficulty between the former and either of the latter.This has been the general average for years past.It is true that the low percentage of failures in physical geography may be due, in part, to the interest which pupils take in the study, and also to the fact that schools in which chemistry and physics are taught may not all be well equipped; but this, I should say, accounts for only a small part of the result.The main reason, undoubtedly, for the striking success of those who take this subject under the option of science, is its extreme easiness as compared with the other subjects under the same head.It is a well known fact, indeed, that the weakest candidates for matriculation invar iably choose physical geography instead of a science, for they well know that it is the easiest way of attaining their object.I have been told by a number of such candidates that they are generally able to pass the examination creditably after a preparation of two or three months.In connection with the classification of physical geography it is worth noting that those who have mapped out the course of study for the Protestant Schools of Quebec were not illogical enough to place it under the head of science.It is rightly classified as a branch of geography.All that is necessary then is to keep it in its proper place, but finish it, if possible, the year before.As regards the teaching of physics, or chemistry cr botany, there should not be, surely, so much difficulty as Mr.Sutherland considers there is.For the teaching of botany (which subject has, in many respects, the same reasons to recommend it as physical geography) comparatively little equipment is required.The material lies all around, and a very elementary laboratory would serve all necessary purposes.For instruction in physics less than $100 would purchase all the apparatus required.For the study of 16 The Educational Record.chemistry something more elaborate and expensive, I admit, would be necessary.The results of last year\u2019s examination would indicate that the majority of the schools in the Province are at least fairly well equipped for the teaching of both the last-named subjects.Out of 347 candidates for the School Leaving Certificates only 85 took physical geography alone under the science option, 138 took a real science subject as well as physiography and 103 did not take it at all but took two science subjects nevertheless.An analysis by schools shows that of the 36 schools, outside of Montreal and Westmount (which have well-equipped laboratories) only 16 had given no scientific instruction apart from what could be obtained in the study of physical geography, This shows that more than half of the country academies and high schools are equipped, to some extent at least, for the teaching of physics or chemistry, or both; and it is quite possible that not a few of those in which physical geography only was taught as a science could, with very little effort, add physics or chemistry to their programme.Now then as to Mr.Sutherland\u2019s fear that the action of the University will do away with the teaching of physical geography in the Province, let me state what he has himself already admitted, that the University does not frame the high school course of study, nor set down the requirements for the School Leaving Certificate.If this subject is still continued in the Third Grade Academy and is allowed to satisfy the requirements under the head of science, as at present, there need be no fear that its study will be discontinued.The figures I have already given show that only 85 candidates out of 347, or less than 25 p.c., depended on physical geography alone in the science section.The other 75 p.c.took two subjects under this head\u2014the wise thing to do\u2014for it is a great mistake to risk failure by choosing only one subject in any section.Teachers will doubtless continue to do as they have been doing in this connection.It is quite evident, then, that the change made by the University will not, to any appreciable extent, affect the schools of the Province.Those who do not intend to enter the Uni- versity\u2014and that means probably 60 or 70 p.c.of the Agricultural Instruction and Demonstrators by Siclair Laird, M.A.17 pupils in the leaving classes\u2014would still study physical geography, and in schools where candidates are being prepared for matriculation a science subject would be taught as well, The only difference worth talking about would be that more attention would be paid to the study of the science subject than hitherto, because candidates would not have physical geography, in which they were practically certain to pass, to fall back on.If, however, the suggestion which I have made regarding the completion of the study of geography in Grade Two Academy should be carried out pupils in Grade Three would have more time for their physics or botany or chemistry (as the case might be) and could even take two of them, provided a little preliminary instruction were given in Grade Two in one, and in Grades One and Two in the other.Yours very truly, J.A.NICHOLSON.AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION AND ASSISTANCE GIVEN IN QUEBEC BY MACDONALD COLLEGE DEMONSTRATORS.There are demonstrators or local representatives in each of the following seven centres: \u2014 Shawville Cowansville Richmond (Cookshire Lennoxville Ayer\u2019s \u2018Cliff Huntingdon Fach of these demonstrators is instructed to approach the principals and school commissioners of as many Model Schools and Academies as are within convenient instruction in the schools once a week at the discretion of the principal.These demonstrators are at present giving agricultural instruction in the following academies and model schools :\u2014 Shawville, Richmond and three other schools; Huntingdon, 18 The Educational Record.Howick, Athelstan, and Ormstown; Cowansville, Bedford, Knowlton, Durham; Lennoxville and Waterville; Cook- shire and Scotstown; Ayer\u2019s Cliff.These lessons are taken an hour a week \u2018during the winter, or two hours a fortnight, or in any other way that suits the convenience of the principal and the school curriculum.A definite syllabus has been arranged, which is, as far as possible, uniform for each of these schools and these demonstrators use Nolan's \u201cOne Hundred Lessons in Agriculture\u201d as a basis for their work.One of these demonstrators, located in Cowansville, 1s bilingual.: While such agricultural teaching is confined to Model IIT and Academy I, IT and III pupils, there are girls\u2019 and boys\u2019 clubs for poultry, corn, potatoes, and flowers, which are organized and carried on through the demonstrators.To these clubs Macdonald College issues, free of charge, eggs of pure bred fowl, new varieties of corn and potatues and flowers.For instance, from twenty to thirty settings of eggs at $1.50 a setting were distributed free to these girls\u2019 and boys\u2019 clubs, amounting to over three thousand eggs of pure bred fowl.An improved variety of corn, developed .by the \u2018College, was distributed likewise, thus giving the pupils in the schools the first opportunity of raising this corn for which the College refused one hundred dollars a bushel.The two best varieties of potatoes were distributed, the seed of which was obtained from New Brunswick, and packets of flower seed were also distributed free.School Fairs are held at these schools and as a result of this teaching and assistance one hundred and fifty birds were exhibited at the Sherbrooke Fair by school pupils.At school fairs the prize list receives a contribution from the College of $25 for each fair, the total amount donated being $175 as the College Day School is also included in this list.Further, the demonstrators collected additional money for prizes to make these fairs a success.The local business end of these school fairs is looked after entirely by these demonstrators, who procure bills and advertisements for the fair catalogue which is then printed at no cost because the advertisements meet the expenses.Prizes are given for Agricultural Instruction and Demonstrators by Siclair Laird, M.A.19 the best essays on various topics connected with the agricultural work.For instance \u201cHow I Grew My Corn\u201d or \u201cHow I Raised My Chickens.\u201d The practical work is done through the home gardens and it is believed that more effective work can be done through these where the children can have larger plots and can attend to their plants during the whole of the summer at a time when the school gardens would be closed.Further, the College publishes monthly a bulletin which is issued free to the boys and girls of these argicultural clubs.This will in future also appear in the Macdonald College magazine, a section of which will henceforth be devoted to the work of the School for Teachers.Arrangements are being made to send free a copy of this magazine to every teacher in every school of the Province with the co-operation of the school inspectors.The College has also appointed an agricultural demonstrator to visit all schools and investigate the conditions in Quebec.He has been working all summer investigating the rural schools and agricultural teaching throughout the Province and also has visited Ontatio.He gives lectures before the public and before schools and the inspectors.Next year he will be a permanent employee of the College and will do for the School for Teachers what the demonstrators do for the School of Agriculture, A proposal has been made to start a course leading to a degree of B.Sc.(Agr.) or some similar title, of a nature similar to that recently started in the Province of Ontario.This proposal is now before the Faculty of McGill University and, if sanctioned, will mean that this degree will be given to a student who completes two years of Arts at McGill and two years in Macdonald College.After professional training in the arf of teaching, such a graduate would receive an Academy Diploma and.thus be available for posts in our rural high schools.Seven agricultural students applied for the short course in the school for Teachers leading to a Model Diploma.It is from this type of student, who has, in addition to his 20 The Educational Record.full agricultural course, taken a teaching diploma that the best demonstrators or local representatives are to come.This 1s merely a short account of the work being done by Macdonald College for the schools of the Province; and every school board and principal should be acquainted with this work and encouraged to take advantage of it if there is a demonstrator within reasonable distance of the school.SINCLAIR LAIRD.BOOK NOTICES.Outlines of European History.Part I.Earliest Man, The Orient, Greece, and Rome by James Henry Breasted, Professor of Egyptology and Oriental History in the University of Chicago.Europe from the Break-up of the Roman Empire to the Opening of the Eighteenth Century by James Harvey Robinson, Professor of History in Columbia University, 730 pages.Price $1.50.Ginn and Company, Boston, New York, Chicago, London, 1914.We have thought it best to give the full details of the title-page of this great work just issued for use in high schools of the United States, as they indicate the very comprehensive scope of this school history.It will probably be some time yet before as much work in general history as this volume contains is demanded in our Canadian high schools.And yet this is only Part One: a second volume carries the history on from the beginning of the eighteenth century to the present time.Compared with Collier's \u201cGreat Events,\u201d this is certainly an extensive programme for high school work.We would regard it as fairly large in an Arts course in the University.It brings home to us again, indeed, the fact that our neighbours are laying much stress on the point of giving a broad education in the high schools in view of the fact that such a large proportion of those who are to become leaders in business and industrial life do not ,go forward to the universities.The aim is therefore, to make the high school product as well balanced as possible. Book Notices.But although it is unlikely that our academies and high schools will be called upon, at present at any rate, to undertake these \u201cOutlines of European History,\u201d we would like to see the book in the hands of every teacher of history.It is a modern, scholarly, and attractive presentation of the subject, and most useful to the teacher who wishes to be somewhat in advance of the particular text-book used in class.It affords something more than supplementary reading in history\u2014that useful and, indeed, indispensable requirement so ably advocated by Professor Colby at the Teachers\u2019 Convention last Autumn.It is a fresh and living survey of the subject by two most competent and experienced authorities.Professor Breasted\u2019s work in Egyptian archaeology is well known throughout the world: and Professor Robinson is the author of college text-books, such as \u201cThe Development of Modern Europe\u2019 (two volumes) of recognized value, A notable feature of the present work is the opening chapter.So far as we know, it is a new departure in school textbooks.In sixteen pages Professor Breasted gives an admirably condensed summary of the results of modern research with regard to Early Man.The several ages us \u201cstone\u201d are clearly defined, and on outline is given of the evidences which now throw primeval man to a vast antiquity.An introduction to these facts in school life is desirable.The succeeding chapters on Egypt, Babylonia, Assyria, Chaldea, the Medo-Persian Empire, and the Hebrews are also most admirable, and coming from Professor Breasted\u2019s pen are moreover, trustworthy from an archaeological point of view.In the chapters on Greece and Rome the thought of the State as a living force, with its influence on the present, fully emerges.The succeeding chapters by Professor Robinson carry forward the same principles.It is the essential, the significant, always, whether in warfare, literature, the daily life of the people, or race movement, which Is given prominence.The chapters on the towns of the Middle Ages, on® feudalism, on the monastic orders, on 22 The Educational Record.books and science, although covering familiar ground to the advançed student, are nevertheless most instructive.In our limited space we cannot refer to all the excellences of this text-book.In arrangement of the matter, in comprehensiveness, and in literary style, it is ideal.In these ~ details the credit is due to the publishers.Good type, good paper, and a splendid series of illustrations (black-and- white and coloured) add substantially to the attractiveness of the volume.Every care, indeed, seems to have been taken to make it perfect, Altogether we can heartily commend these \u2018Outlines of European History\u201d to every reader.| The task of selecting text-books for the schools of aii grades is a difficult one today, but not for lack of good books.The real difficulty is to select the few which must be chosen from a great number of fairly equal merit.It is the embarrassment of riches, indeed, that textbook committees have to contend with in their selections.We know of no series of texts more delightful in their general excellence than the publications of the University Tutorial Press of London, England.(W.B.Clive, High St., New Oxford St., W.C.) Here we can only draw attention to three excellent books just received.The School Algebra\u2014By A.G.Cracknell, M.A, etc, ss.The School French Grammar\u2014By Ernest Weekly, M.A., 2s.6d.The Direct German Course\u2014By H.J.Chaytor, M.A., 2s.6d, Latin for Beginners\u2014By Benjamin L.D\u2019ooge, Ph.D., Professor in the Michigan State Normal College.Published by Ginn & Company, of Boston, New York, Chicago, London.This is a most attractive Latin Grammar, taking the beginner well into a good appreciation of Caesar.It is also brightened by some excellent illustrations.We sometimes wonder if the old Smith's Principia we knew years Book Notices.ago would have been easier, or seemed easier, if it had been embellished with pictures.| \u201cEducation in the Province of Quebec.\u201d\u2014This is the title of a pamphlet issued in December last by the Department of Public Instruction.It gives an outline of the Quebec system, both for the Roman Catholic and Protestant Schools, The need of such a work has been recognized for some time.There are many misconceptions in other provinces and elsewhere as to our school conditions, and an authoritative statement should go far to remove them.This pamphlet does not minimise tthe fact that the teachers\u2019 salaries have been very low in Quebec, so low in fact that they have led to the deduction that our schools in general must be very inefficient.But there has been great progress in this respect in the last few years, and there: has also been considerable improvement in the quality of the schools in town and country.The pamphlet opens with a sketch of the physical geography, industries, climate, population, etc., of the Province, and then follows a brief historical sketch of our educational development.The rest of the work is explanatory of the system.It was prepared bv Dr.Parmelee, with the collaboration of Mr.Sutherland.We have received the following text-books from the publishing house of G.Bell and Sons., Limited, London.The Real Altlantic 'Cable.\u2014By A, W.Holland.This 1s an excellent representation of the history of the causes which led to the separation of Great Britain and the colonies which became the United States, and also of the links of commerce, literature, etc., which are bringing the peoples together again.1s.6d.Historical Ballads.\u2014Selected by William Macdougall.IS.Historical Course for Middle Forms \u2014Vol.III.English Constitutional History.\u2014By P.Meadows.2s.Historical Course for Middle Forms.Vol.IV.English Political History.\u2014By B.L.K.Henderson.2s. The Educational Record.English Composition\u2014By R.S.Bate, M.A.This is \u2018an attractive, thorough, and scholarly work.400 pages.The Story of Hiawatha.(prose).Peter Pan for Little Folk.The Abbey History Series: The Victoria Era.Physiology and Hygiene for Girls\u2019 Schools and Colleges.\u2014By E.S.Chessler, M.B.A French Vocabulary.\u2014By J.H.B.Lockhart.1s.De Ducibus (Selections from Cornelius Nepos) 1s.6d.Contes Fantastiques (Edgar Allen Poe).6d.Le Capitaine Pamphile (Dumas) 6d.Fabulae \u2014By R.B.Appleton.Manual of Household Work and Management.\u2014By Annie Butterworth, Domestic Arts Department, University College of South Wales and Monmounthshire, Cardiff.235 pages.Third edition, revised and enlarged.An excellent, practical and comprehensive work.Price go cents net.Longmans, Green and Co., London, New York, Bombay and Calcutta.FOR THE TEACHER.WEATHER WISDOM.In teaching the lesson on \u201cWeather Wisdom\u201d in the Royal Crown Readers, there is much information of interest, that can be given by the teacher for the purpose of enlarging the knowledge of her pupils in nature study, In speaking of the rainbow it should be pointed out, that all the colour of the bow comes from the white light of the sun.Pupils, who may nevet have seen a prism, have seen the colors of the rainbow in broken ice, when cutting a water-hole, or they have seen the same colors, when oil has been spread over water.Seek to impress the fact, that objects have no color of their own, but that all the colors on earth come from the sun\u2019s white light.In the case of the rainbow the rain-drops break up the white light of the Weather Wisdom.25 sun into the seven prime colors, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.It i is of interest to the pupils, also, to point out to them the fact, which they already know from the lesson on smoke.Sec.10, that each raindrop has, as its centre, a speck of dust around which the moisture gathers.Next point of interest is, that the equal pressure of the atmosphere on these raindrops makes them perfectly round, else they would not act as prisms to break up the sun\u2019s white light and we would never have any rainbows.The conclusion, therefore, is that without dust in our atmosphere we would never have rain-drops and that without the equal pressure of the atmosphere the drops would not be perfectly round, we would never see the beautiful rainbow, the most wonderful display of the heavens.Another part of this lesson needing attention is the halo around the sun und moon.In the halo we have a good illustration of what our rainbow would be like, if our raindrops were not spherical or perfectly round.The halo is caused by minute spicules, or tiny slivers of ice, forming a cloud about 7 miles high.It is at this distance, that our halo is the smallest, and, as the cloud settles, the halo pe- comes smaller and finally disappears, when the little spicules, or tiny slivers of ice, have descended into the warmer atmosphere and have melted into vapour, later to fall in rain or snow.The last part of this lesson, requiring attention, is that regarding the low flight of the birds, which is attributed to the endeavour of the flies.on which they feed, to get into the warm air.This is only part of the cause, as the chief reason for their nearness to the surface is the difficulty the insects find to fly in the higher and rarer atmosphere.When air is free from water vapour it is denser and heavier and therefore it is easier to swim or fly in it, than when it is saturated with water vapour.This may be seen by the flight of a heavy bird such as the crow, before and after a rain.What is true in case of the crow is true of the insect as well and it seeks the densest part of the rarefied air, 26 The Educational Record.which is nearest the surface, or at the bottom of the mass fair resting on the surface of the earth.NO USE FOR PANAMA.Although the Panama Canal will shorten the distance from New Zealand to Liverpool by about nine hundred miles, the New Zealand exporters of frozen meat have already decided, according to the London Times, not to use the canal.Ships on the Cape Horn route traverse a long stretch of cold water between New Zealand and the cape, and thence strike almost perpendicularly across the equator.Since the storage chambers have to be kept cool during the passage, the higher the external temperature, and especially the higher the water temperature, the more power must be spent on the refrigerating process.Ships that use the Panama route will cross the equator obliquely, and so will steam through areas of warm water for a much longer period than those that use the Cape Horn route.It is calculated that the refrigerating machines would have to be driven so much longer, and that the expense for coal would therefore be so much greater that, when added to the canal dues and the time spent in traversing the canal, the extra cost would more than counterbalance the saving due to the | lesser mileage.The shortest route, it seems, is not necessarily the most advantageous.WHAT A MILE IS.What is a- mile?Does it differ in various countries ?\u2014 R.F.W.A mile is of a different length in many countries.In England, Canada and the United States a mile is 1,760 yards, but in Ireland it is 2,240 yards; in the Highlands of Scotland, 1,976 yards; in Switzerland, 9,153 yards; Austria, 8,296 yards; Holland, 6,869 yards; Prussia, 8,237 yards; Denmark, 8,244 yards; Italy, 1,766 yards; Arabia, 2,143 yards; Turkey, 1,826 yards. Jewish Loans Without Usury.JEWISH LOANS WITHOUT USURY.The Hebrew has been \u2018immemorially associated with extortionate usury.It will surprise many, therefore, that there is a Hebrew Free Loan Society, which exists in New York, and any person of apparent respectability, without distinction of.nationality or religion, may obtain a loan of money on request without security and free of interest, says The Christian Advocate.His promise of returning the same and the indorsement of one who knows him and vouches for his honesty are the only requirements.The society has been carrying on its work for twenty- two years, giving to small tradesmen and mechanics loans of from $5 to $200.In this time nearly six millions of dol: lars have been put out and the averageloss has never exceeded one half of one per cent.of the total amount loaned.E The capital of the society is a little more than $179,000, which is loaned approximately five times a year.The repayments are made in small weekly installments, and the funds for carrying forward the work come from dues and subscriptions.A BANK IN A TREE.Keeping money in a stocking is tame compared with the method of an Irishman, Richard Lovekin, who came out to Durham County in 1796.The story is told in Miss Emily P.Weaver's notable new book, \u201cThe Story of the Counties of Ontario.\u201d After building a house, Lovekin prepared to go back to old Ireland to bring out his family.Having one hundred and fifty dollars in silver more than he needed, he wrapped it in paper, tied it up in an old stocking, and hung it instde the trunk of a hollow tree.But he had not reckoned on the needs and the doings of the \u201ckindred of the wild.\u201d On his return he found a bear in possession of his house, It had made a bed for itself of dry leaves, and when he entered\u2014so the story is told\u2014 came rushing wildly down the stairs. 28 The Educational Record.Going next to the tree, Lovekin found nothing of his treasure but the string that had held it.Later he cut down the tree, and discovered his money mixed up with the moss and grass of a field-mouse\u2019s nest.THINGS THAT COUNT.Not what we have, but what we use; Not what we see, but what we choose\u2014 These are the things that mar or bless The sum of human happiness.The things near by, not things afar; Not what we seem, but what we are\u2014 These are the things that make or break, That give the heart its joy or ache.Not what seems fair, but what is true; Not what we dream, but the good we do\u2014 These are the things that shine like gems, Like stars in fortune\u2019s diadems.Not as we take, but as we give; Not as we pray, but as we live\u2014 These are the things that make for peace, Both now and after Time shall cease.\u2014 Outlook.TALKING SHOP.As a rule, the man who works definitely and regularly at some one art or craft as a solid centre of \u2018his life does not much desire to talk about it, and still less to have it talked about.It becomes a part of his daily existence, and not always a very joyful part; and he likes to put it aside, to break away from it, and to seek change and recreation in other parts and relations of life.He may like to discuss the matter technically with another craftsman; but he does not want the crude comments or the dull compliments of the How Envelopes are Made\u2014Why One Wife?29 irresponsible amateur.It means so much condescension, so much explanation, so much acceptance of elementary statements, so much _good-humored self-restraint to talk to one who is virtually ignorant of both the principles and the practice of an art, that it is purely tiresome.\u2014A.C.Benson in The Century.HOW ENVELOPES ARE MADE.The process of envelope-making begins on a machine which cuts the paper with a die which has an edge filed to the keenness of a razor blade, immense pressure forcing the die through a hundred sheets of paper.The sheets, cut to the shape of an unfolded envelope, are stacked in the envelope machine, which automatically feeds the paper through a gluing device, and folds the sheets into proper shape.The envelope is then delivered into a drying rack, which moves under the machine, delivering the envelopes, with the glue dry on the flap, into bunches of twenty-five to a girl who sits before the machine as its operator.She fastens a paper strap, or band, around a bunch of twenty- five, and places them in a box of five hundred envelopes each, when they are ready for delivery to the market.A box of five hundred is finished in less than five minutes.\u2014Bookseller and Stationer.WHY ONE WIFE?A woman missionary in China was taking tea with a mandarin\u2019s eight wives.The Chinese ladies examined her clothing, her hair, her teeth, and so on, but her feet espec- iallv amazed them.\u201cWhy,\u201d cried one, \u201cyou can walk and run as well as a man!\u201d | \u201cYes, to be sure,\u201d said the missionary.\u201cCan vou ride a horse and swim too?\u201d \u201cYes.\u201d \u2018Then you must be as strong as a man.\u201d 30 The Educational Record.\u201c1 am.\u201d \u201cAnd you wouldn\u2019t let a man beat you, not even if he were your husband?\u201d \u201cIndeed I wouldn't,\u201d she said.The mandarin\u2019s eight wives looked at one another, nodding their heads.Then the oldest said softly: \u201cNow I understand why the foreign devil never has more than one wife; he is afraid.\u201d\u2014Missionary Friend.KEEP THE ROAD OPEN.Keep the road open! - Keeping the road open to the best things in life will lead to the best success in life.Blocking the road may spell failure.| Keep the road open to high ideals.The character of a man\u2019s ideals marks where he stands.Keep the road open to unselfish service, where the self-.gain motive is absent, and where no thought is given to a guinea-in-the-pocket policy.No road is so easily blocked as this; no highway so easily taken possession of and utilized for self-aggrandizement.Keep the road open to the spiritual.Herein is fierce fighting ground, and material for many a conflict, for it is a warfare in which final victory is never won in this world.It is this same world that will close the road if it is not ever closely guarded.The influences that block the road are as insidious as they are dangerous, taking one unawares, catching one off-guard.Keep the road open to generous impulses, so open that they will be translated into practice, else they will have, \u201cGreat effort from great motives is the best definition of a happy life.\u201d \u201cHonesty is the best policy, but he who acts on that policy is not an honest man.\u201d \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Keep the Road Open.31 \u201cThe man who only does as much as he is paid for, only gets paid for as much as he does.\u201d Spain has more sunshine than any other country in Europe.The yearly average is 3,000 hours.In England it is 1,400.Time-defying photographs are made by a French scientist on fine grained stone, which is coated with enamel and baked at a high temperature after the photographs are printed.\u201cRadium banks\u201d have been established in a few European cities.These banks possess a few milligrams of radium, They lend their radium for one day for $200 for surgical or other use.Radium particles it is said, may be repeatedly used without losing any of their properties.The average man has within his system the material for 13 pounds of candles, a pound of nails, 800 pencils, bindings for 16 small books, 500 knife handles, 28 violin strings, 30 teaspoonfuls of salt and a pound of sugar.The records of the Canadian government show the remarkable journey of a gas buoy.The buoy was located near Levis, on the St.Lawrence River, across from Quebec.It was carried away by the breaking up of the ice in the spring of 1911.It was thought to have been demolished in the ice jam.In the spring of this year it was picked up on the coast of New South Wales, Australia, a distance of eighteen thousand miles.In the early days in Ontario, people going away from home used to carry horns, so that, if they lost their way in the woods.they could make signals of distress.Anyone hearing a horn, answered it, according to preconcerted arrangements, and if the member of a family was belated and did not reach home when expected, at nightfall the horn was sounded to guide the wanderer, or to give the signal 32 The Educational Record.for searchers to turn out.A general \u201ctattoo\u201d was the joyous signal to cease from searching.It is said that there are at least 5,000 \u201cHusky\u201d dogs on the eastern coast of Labrador.Every settler and every Eskimo has his team.À good team ranges from 9 to 12 dogs.Something in the nature of a controversy has been going on recently as to which is the tallest flagpole in the world, and which the tallest tree.At present probably the tallest flagpole is the 220-foot one at San Francisco, but this will be eclipsed in size by the new one to be provided for Kew Gardens, England, by the Government of British Columbia.The latter will be 225 feet in height.The tallest tree grows in Australia, the greatest height recorded being 350 feet.The President of the Chinese Republic \u2018has recently placed two of his daughters in a Pekin mission school, with the public acknowledgment that the Christian schools are superior to those under government control.If the physical energy represented in chewing the 1,- 500,000,000 sticks of gum consumed by American gum chewers could be transformed and reduced to foot-pounds and mechanically applied, it has been reckoned that it would supply a power that would rival that produced by Niagara Falls.OUTGROWN LEAVES.But why do the leaves fall?Is it not a matter of frost.Some trees are stripped before frost comes\u2014others keep their foliage long after its arrival.The process is the result of a natural severance between the trees and its leaf, no longer useful.Really the leaf is pushed off by a new leaf-bud forming underneath its point of attachment, slowly getting ready to continue its service next spring.Thus the autumnal falling of the leaf is not a matter for tears and 33 Outgrown Leaves.doleful poems, but for hope and rejoicing, since it tells of another birth, and exhibits how alive and energetic is the tree.One might say, in fact, that the beginning of the year is now, rather than in spring; for when the vernal warmth, with its stimulus of growth, arrives, it finds the trees well started and ready to take advantage of the first \u201cgrowing weather.\u2019\u2014The Outlook.An ice-breaking ferryboat has been recently built in England for transferring trains between Quebec and Point Levis.As the tidal variation at this point on the St.Lawrence amounts to 18 feet, the deck on which the trains are run, has been so constructed that it can be raised or lowered by means of long screws connecting it with the hull.These are distributed at regular intervals and can be operated simultaneously by a special engine.A nickel steel screw propeller at the bow will clear the ice from the landing stage in winter-time.Ten Chinese young women have recently arrived in the United States to enter American colleges.These are the first women students which \u2018China has sent to America, under the American Indemnity Fund, which dates back to 1908 when the United States remitted the $14,000,000 indemnity due her for losses during the Boxer troubles, to be applied to educational purposes.Through this fund 100 Chinese students have been sent annually to American colleges.Hitherto, however, they have all been men.The oldest newspaper in Canada is the Quebec Chronicle, which was first published in 1764, the year after the Peace of Paris formally transferred Canada from France to England.At the time of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-1, the population of France was 36,000,000, and of Germany about 41,000,000.At the present time the former country has still less than 40,000,000 people, whereas.Germany's population has risen.to nearly 68,000,000.This is chiefly 34 The Educational Record.due to its remarkable birth-rate, one child being born every 16 seconds.Studies made at the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, as to the number of stars indicate that they aggregate some 1,600,000,000, though of these only 3,000 Or 4,000 are visible to the average eye.The total number is greatly in excess of former estimates.\u201cIt is estimated that there are now 10,000 camels being used in Australia,\u201d declares Norman Duncan, who has been traveling in the \u2018\u201cbackdblocks\u201d of Australia and is writing in Harper's Magazine of his experiences.It is only in the dry land districts of the Commonwealth that the camel is used.About the thinnest thing in the world is the film of a soap bubble.It is said that it would take about 50,000,000 of them to measure an inch.READ THIS! M.Clemenceau, in his newspaper L'Homme Enchaine, has published the Kaiser's peace terms for France, as they were outlined after the first month of the war.They are as follows: \"1.Germany will take all French \u2018Colonies, including the whole of Morocco, Algeria and Tunis.2.She will annex all the territory of the east of France along a line drawn from St.Valery-sur-Somme as far as Lyons; that is to say, about one-quarter of France, with 15,000,000 inhabitants.3.A war indemnity of £400,000,000.4.A treaty of commerce for twenty-five years without any reciprocity on the part of Germany; after that period the terms of the Treaty of Frankfort of 1871\u2014that is, the most favored-nation treatment\u2014to obtain between the two countries. The Swanker Silenced\u2014Couldn\u2019t Find It.35 5.Recruiting for the Army to be suppressed in France for twenty-five years.6.All French fortresses to be demolished.7.France to hand over to Germany 3,000,000 rifles, 3,000 guns, and 40,000 horses.8.All German patents to be accepted and binding in France free of tax for twenty-five years without any reciprocity o nthe part of Germany.9.France to abandon the agreement with Russia and England._ 10.France to conclude a treaty of alliance with Germany for twenty-five years.These conditions of peace Count von Bernstorff somewhat facetiously described as the German ten commandments.\u201cWe must sink France of ever as a nation,\u201d he said.\u201cWe must make her a Power like Turkey or Portugal, even if we have to kill 5,000,000 Frenchmen in order to do so.\u201d HUMOROUS BITS.THE SWANKER SILENCED.Seedy Boarder\u2014\u2018 \u2018Haw! You\u2014haw\u2014may not believe it, don\u2019t you know, Polly, but I was born with a\u2014haw\u2014 silvah spoon in my mouth.\u201d Polly\u2014*\u201cWell, fancy! An\u2019 me an\u2019 mother thought you spoke like that on purpose !\u201d\u2014*\"Sydney Bulletin.\u201d .COULDN'T FIND IT.\u201cMary, why didn\u2019t you sound the dinner gong?\u201d \u201cPlease 'm, I couldn\u2019t find it.\u201d \u201cWhy, there it is on the hall table.\u201d \u201cPlease, 'm you said this morning that was the breakfast gong.\u2019\u2014\u201c The Sketch.\u201d | - The Educational Record.THE VERY IDEA.Two suburban mothers met on the train one day, and the topic of their conversation was their daughters.\u201cHow did your daughter pass her examination for a position as teacher?\u2019 asked one, \u201cPass!\u201d was the answer.\u2018\u2018She didn\u2019t pass at all.Maybe you wouldn\u2019t believe it, but they asked that girl about things that happened long before she was born.\u2019\u2014 \u201cLippincott\u2019s.\u201d TOO MUCH FOR JOHNNIE.1 Johnnie's teacher had tried in vain to impress upon his mind that it is incorrect to say \u2018have went.\u201d As a last resort she told his to remain after school and write upon the blackboard 100 times the words \u201cI have gone.\u201d When after much effort the laborious task was completed Johnnie walited for the teacher, who had left the room, to return.Finally in desperation he wrote beneath his completed task: \u201cMiss Smith, I have wrote \u2018T have gone\u2019 100 times and have went home.\u201d MEMBERS OF THE PROVINCIAL ASSOCIATION OF PROTESTANT TEACHERS REGISTERED OCTOBER, 1914.Allan, J.T.; Atkinson, Herbert C.; Allen, Mary V.; Acteson, Ethel I.; Adcock, Mary E.; Adams, C.A.; Bain, A.Watson; Biltcliffe, Gladys M.; Bachelder, Alive W.; Bachelder, Mabel A.; Bennett, Annie J.; Berwick, S.R.: Berwick, L.R.; Black, Caroline E.; Bates, Bernice; But- teris, Florence; Bown, Chas.E.S.; Buck, E.Frances; Buchanan, Agnes S.; Barr, Hariet; Bushell, Dorothy V., Baillie, Jean F.; Butler, Gertrude; Boudreau, Alice A.; Bradford, Myra E.; Brittain, Tasbel E.; Blackwood, Jessie; Bouchard, Myra M.; Bogie, Gladys A.; Buchanan, Jessic; 37 Members of Provincial Association.~ Campbell, Mary; Cavers, Lillias; Campbell, E.Montgomery; Cooke, Winnifred; Chalk, Walter; Cooke, Ethel; Callayhan, Lily E.; Copeland, Mrs.Miles; Clouston, Jennie; Clarke, Margaret J.; Cowan, E.Jane; Campbell, Edith; Cockfield.H.M.; Collins, Margaret; Coffey, Catherine; Carden, Ethel; Cross Winifred; Coombe, Mary J.; Dale, James A.; Dunkerly, C.F.; Drummond, Florence ; Dresser, Amy; Douglas, Cedric C.; Dresser, Alice; Douglas, Clara L.; Dilworth, M.E.; Dilworth, Tillie; Dyas, Kathryn; Douglas, Anna M.; Donner, William G.; Duf- fett, Grace; Dixon, Wellington; Edwards, Agnes R.; Elliot, Beth; Egg, Ethel L.; Egg, Florence G.; Elliott, Alberta R.; Elliott, G.Elsie; Everett, Emily E.; Forrest, Adah M.; Findlay, Florence M.; Fisher, Ethel M.; For- syth, Edith J.; Fuller, Evelyn G.; Fisher, Ida J.; Ford, Isabella; Fyfe, Euphemia S.; Fraser, Isabell E.; Fairser- vice, Mary A.; Fraser, Mabel G.; Gale, Ethel L.; Grant, Isabelle; Grant, Mae; Garrick, Ethel S.; Gillespie, Frances M.; Graham, Laura C.; Glass, M.Hope; Gillean, A.Muriel; Gardner, Mary A.; Griggs, Alice J.; Gammell, Isaac; Henschell, Ella; Hamilton, Jean E.; Howe, Ralph E.; Hawthorne, Jean M.; Hastie, Muriel D, P.; Hopkins, M.C.; Hills, Ellen; Higginson, M.Edith; Hendrie, L.M.; Honey, Evelyn M.; Honey, Howard P.; Hislop, Ruth C.; Hedges, Agnes J.; Hunter, Mary E.; Huxtable, Margaret; Irving, W.Gorden; Irwin, Elizabeth A.; Jeakins, John W.; Johnston, Mary M.; Tohnson, Lillian S.; Jackson, Constance V.; James Ada D.; Jones, Harriet R.; Kerr.Marion A.; Kent, Edith M.; Kneeland, Warren A.; Kruse, Bertha E.; Lany, Arthur W.; Laird, Sinclair; Lamb, W.S.;Lawless, Lusinda E.; Longmore, Clara E.; Lavallee, Edith G.W.: Lockhart, A.R.B.; Lamb, Lily C.; Lamb, Elvie D.; Libbey, Mildred E.; Lowry, Marion; LeMes- urier, Estelle H.; Le Mesurier, Elza M.: Lundie, E.Helen; Lamb, Grace G.; Lariviere, Rose; Libby, Ruth E.; Lewis, Nellie M.; McBurney, Chas.; McBurney, Mrs.Chas.; Mountain, Esther; Mackinnon, Annie; McNichol], T.: Macleod, Jean AT; McIntosh, Katherine; Munroe, Ella M.; McFadden, Alice W.; McLeod, Maude I.; Mec- 38 The Educational Record.Leod, Kate E.; Mount, B.Ruth; Mount, Winnifred B.; MacKinnon} Mary C.; McCutcheon, Oliver F.; Moore, Levi; Martin, Avis A.; \u2018MacKinnon, Annie M.; McCarthy, Catherine F.; .MacKay, Hattie L.; McDonald, Annie E.; Mitchell, Susan M.; McLellan, Mary E.; Marshall, Irene I.; Marshall, Muriel R.: McLeod, Isabel: McGarry, Allan A.; McCabe, Annie; Meiklejohn, Amy M.J.; Moti- fat, Emma M.; Mills, J.Mabel; Neill, Hattie; Napier, Catherine M.; Nelson, Nellie J.; Nunns, J.E.; Nicholls, Lillian V.G.; Norris, Amy; Proctor, Catherine E.; Parker, Winifred E.; Parker, Persis A.; Philbrick, Renby A.; Parker, John; Patterson, Fred.J.; Pearson, Gertrude; Parkin, Charlotte; Palmer, Marjorie G.; Patterson, Fliza- beth P.I.; Pomfret, Bertha A.; Parker, H.B.; Page, Beolah I.; Proctor, Margaret; Parker, John;- Parker, Edith M.; Pollock, T.I.; Phillips, Flora E.; Pease, Agnes L.; Raguin, R.E.; Parke, Sarah W.; Robins, L.B.; Ross, Beatrice M.; Reynolds, Bernice H.; ; Rothney, W.O.; Robins, S.F.; ; Rondeau, C.E.; Reid, Elizabeth J.; Rawlinson, Edith; Ritchie, Eva G.; Reed, Alice M.; Stewart, Florence ; Steere, Mary E.: Savage, Maude; Sever, Hannah D.; Stuart, Theresa A.Sutherland, J.C.; Stewart, Mary A.R.; Seymour, Lonise E.; Stevens, Georgie; Shaw, S.L.: Smilovitz, Rebecca; Simons, Julia F.; Short, Helena M.; Sinclair, Anna S.; Silver, H.J.; Stewart, J.Gordon; Seaman, A.W.; Thomson, Helen E.; Thomson, Mildred; Templeton, Hary; Thompson, Elizabeth M.I.; Thompson, Marjory; Tomkins, Minnie C.; Tomkins; Amy E.; Tomkins, Edith A.; Tardy, M.Edith; Tomberger, Mary I.; Taylor, Rosalyn; [\u2018remaine, Labah; Vincent, Irving O.; Woodington, Jessie; Wark, Florence S.; Wright, Mary E.; Wilkinson, M.Maude; Wilkinson, Florence S.; Wood, Helen G.; Wood, Janet M.; Woodside, Violet E.L.; Woodside, Charlotte W.; Willimore, Violet J.; Winn, HE.; Young, Maggie H.ASSOCIATE MEMRERS.Black, John; Burrell, Edith; Cockfield, Mrs.H, M; Coyle, Gladys; Corey, M.Irvine; Fisher, Alice M.; Fair. Administrative Commission of the Pension Fund for Officers, etc.39 service, Ida; Larose, Ludyer; Lambton, Mrs.W.; Lamb- ton, M.: Longmoore, S.M.; McDonald, John M.; Parke, Emily; Seymons, Mrs.M.H.; Savage, George F.; Savage, Minifred.E.C.IRWIN, \u2018Treasurer.ADMINISTRATIVE COMMISSION OF THE PENSION FUND FOR OFFICERS OF PRIMARY INSTRUCTTON.- Meeting of December 4th, 1913.Present:\u2014The Honorable P.Boucher de La Bruere, Superintendent of Public Instruction, President of the Commission ; \u2018Messrs.John Ahern, of the City of Quebec, Delegate of the Convention of Roman Catholic Teachers of Quebec; J.N.Perrault, of the City of Montreal, Delegate of the Convention of Roman Catholic Teachers of Montreal; H.M.Cockfield and M.C.Hopkins, of the City of Montreal, Delegates of the Provincial Association of Protestant Teachers.The minutes of the last meeting, held in Montreal on August 30th, 1913, were read and confirmed.The Secretary submitted his annual report :\u2014 Quebec, December 4th, 1913.Mr.the Superintendent, and Messrs.the Members of the Administrative Commission of the Pension Fund for Officers of Primary Instruction.SIrs,\u2014 The undersigned, Secretary of your Commission, has tke honor to submit to you the following report :\u2014 From November 1st, 1912, the following pensioners have resumed teaching: \u2014 40 The Educational Record.Mrs.Joseph Beauregard .52 years.Mr.Thomas Joseph Courtnay.57 | Mrs.Paul Delaunais .52 © | Miss Marie Amanda Desroches.so\u201c | Miss Mathilde Dumais .48 Miss Angeline Arthenise Dion.59 Mr.Cyprien Dupuis .56 \u201c Mrs.Widow Geo.Faucher.56 \u201c Miss Philomene Gendreau .41 Miss Josephine Laliberte .st © Mrs.Magloire Lalime .61 Miss Ernestine Le Comte.40 \u201c\u201c Miss-Marie Louise Mercier .1.54 Miss Exilda Page .gr\u201c Miss Delvina Paradis .56 \u201c Miss Marie Lelia Phaneuf .44 Miss Marie Louise Richard .46 Mrs.Dr.E.Sabourin .64 Miss M.Olivine Tardif .57 The following Pensioners have died: 1.Widow P.F.Beland.65 years.$267 00 2.Démérise Berube .65 \u201c 75 00 3.Widow Louis Champagne .72\u201c 75 00 4.Pierre Etu .74 66 90 5.Wm.Fahey .70 626 04 6.Mrs.E.Fortier .71 109 17 7.Widow Achille Levesque .66 \u201c 75 00 8.Marie Pion .62 \u201c\u201c 75 00 9.Mrs.Emmanuel Asselin .79 \u201c\u201c 112 27 10.Julie Augé .71 © 90 00 11.Zéphirin Bergeron .71\u201c 151 26 12.Mathilda Boucher .61 \u201c\u201c 75 00 13.Widow Abraham Dallaire .58 \u201c 151 06 14: Widow Francois Desormeaux .64 \u201c 75 00 15.Mrs.Norbert Dubois .so 114 18 16.Widow Hubert Ducharme .79 75 00 17.Philomene Lavoie .65 \u201c 75 00 | 18.Mrs.Napoleon Millette .7g 75 00 | Administrative Commission of the Pension Fund for Officers, etc.41 19.Mrs.Philippe Paris .63 75 00 20.Mrs.Alfred Poitras .75 75 00 21.Lauda Presse .41 75 00 22.Mrs.Wm.Henry Rosevear .56 \u201c 636 50 23.J.S.Teasdale .58 446 30 Average age; 66 years; Average pension, $159.99.The following pensioners, resident outside of the Province, have not yet sent in the required annual declaration to give them right to a pension: \u2014 Miss Celina Charbonneau .65 years.1 Widow Eulalie Caron-Deblois .63 Ad'se Hudon .oo Ln.6o Widow Joseph Labelle .71 Miss Elizabeth MacDonald .67 Mr.James Arthur Mackay .40 \u201c Widow James McGregor .57 Miss Elma J.Merry.62 Pensioners under 56 years of age who have not yet submitted a medical certificate \u2014 Miss Rose Alma Bedard .ee 44 years.Miss Georgiana Boucher .54 Miss Philomene Chabot .sg Mr.Edmond Delormee .49 \u201c\" Miss Georgiana Forest .Ce 47 Miss Marie Laura Gravel .52 Miss Adelaide Lavoie .gg Mr.Armand Locquell .54 Mrs.Thomas McCarthy .43 Miss Matilda F.Peyton .53 \"\" Miss Marie Aristides Richard .43 Miss Iola J.Shufelt .46 Miss Lumina Therrien .45 \u201c\u201c Miss Pamela Turcotte .45 We have not received reports from the Inspectors on quite a number of pensioners, in some cases owing to the Inspectors not having completed their visits, and in others owing to the absence of the pensioners from home when the Inspector called.~ -42 The Educational Record.I recommend that pensions be paid to all pensioners who have been visited by the Inspectors, to those living outside of the Province who have submitted the required declaration, and to those who produced the medical certificate.Dr.Boucher who was charged with the examination of Mr.Meloche, made a report which we did not judge favorable, and we therefore informed Mr.Meloche that the payment of his pension was suspended.The certificates submitted by those pensioners whom the Commission decided should submit to a second medical examination having been found favorable, their pension was paid.Those pensioners to whom pensions were granted on condition that their statement of services be completed, received their pension, with the exception of Mrs.Andre Lapierre whose application will be submitted to your consideration during the course of this session.The case of Miss Kehoe 1s still pending.Pensions were paid to all the pensioners who had failed to produce medical certificates previous to your last session, but afterwards submitted certificates which we found satisfactory, also to those pensioners not thèn visited, but afterwards specially reported on by the school inspectors.The Honorable the Attorney General has not as yet expressed an opinion on the question which you ordered to be submitted to him.The whole respectfully submitted.I have the honor to be, Sirs, Y our obedient servant, AVILA DE BELLEVAL, Secretary.The report was adopted.Mr.Cockfield moved, and it was resolved: That the Secretary of the Commission be instructed to inform the pensioners who have not been seen by the School Inspector of their district, that a report must be submitted by the lat- Administrative Commission of the Pension Furid for Officers, etc.43 ter to ensure payment of pension, and to request the Inspectors to see to the visiting of these pensioners and the making of a report as soon as possible.The Commission having examined the new applications for pension and the documents relating thereto, after considering each case separately, ruled and ordered as follows :\u2014 The office's whose names follow having taught during twenty years or more and being at least 56 years of age, have a right to a pension: \u2014 Miss Josephine Mercier, Mrs.Paul O.St.Mars dit Viau, Mr.Wm.Henry Baker, Mrs.F.X.Blais, Mrs.L.Lucier, Mrs.M.R.MacLeod, Miss Marie Ombeline Pre- mont, Mrs.Ludger Sonneville, Mr.Andre Lapierre, Mrs.Mary A.de Champlain, Miss Martha Crafton, Mrs.Andre Lapierre, Miss Marie Giguere, Mrs.M.L.Marquis, Miss Odile Masse, Mrs.John McQueen, Mr.J.OC.Dostaler, Miss Marie Celine Quintal, Miss Isabella J.McBratney, Miss Josephine Proulx, Mrs.Henri Labos- siere, Mr.Henry Howard Curtis, Mr.Chas.A.Lefevre, / Mr.A.P.Gelinas.The following officers, aged-over «6 years, will have right to their pension if they established the fact that they have taught twenty years and pay stoppages on the salary received :\u2014Mrs.Enos McMullen, Miss Annie Eliza Matthews, Mrs.Widow Napoleon Bergeron.The following officers having taught at least twenty years and established that they are no longer able to teach because of ill health have a right to their pension: \u2014 Miss Malvina Normandin, Mrs.David Duplessis, Miss Euphrasie Allaix, Miss Philomene\u2018 Dutil, Miss Fedora Bordeleau, Miss Adele Dumas, Mrs.L.A.Walker- Sprague, Miss Esther Mountain, Miss Melanie Cormier, Miss Florestine Dumouchel, Mr.T.E.Gervais, Miss Hil- iare Guerin, Miss Regina Cartier, Miss Julie Boivan.Mrs.Michel Ouellet, Mrs.Napoleon Dussault, Mr.Louis Edmond Warren.Miss Wilhelmine Turgeon, Miss Louise Leocadie Rochette, Mrs.Richard Hatley Killaley, Miss Alma Genereux, Miss Eugenie St.Laurent. 44 The Educational Record.The following otticers having submitted a certificate from their physician to the effect that they are entirely incapable of teaching, will have a right to their pension as soon as the fact is established they have each taught at least twenty yéars:\u2014 Mrs.J.B.Dénommé, Miss Jessie E.Chisholm, Mrs.Joseph Ouellet, Miss Edith Pelletier, Miss Flora Winni- fred Dowd, Mrs.Frederic Lecours, Miss Virginie Bedard, Miss Lina Ledoux.The applications of Mr.J.Alexandre Brisebois and Miss Hermélie Dionne, officers who are fifty years of age and who have retired from service, are granted, but their pension will run only from the day on which they reach fifty-six years of age.The following officers will submit to a new medical examination :\u2014 Miss Josephine Matthieu, Miss Mary A.Cohoun.The Misses Dora Messier and Bernadette Turcotte have not a right to pension, but to a re-imbursement of their stoppages.Miss Messier must, however, submit to a new medical examination.The applications for pension of Mrs.Augustin Morin, Miss Josephine Rheaume, Miss Marie Anne Ouellet and Miss Marie Camille Beaudoin, are refused.Application for refund of stoppages made by the following is granted :\u2014 Miss Dorilda Boucher, Mrs.Athanase Marier, Miss Adeline Dupont, Miss Marie Marguerite Banville, Miss Bernadette Marceau, Miss Catherine Terrill, Miss Edith L.Strong, Miss Josephine Rouleau, Miss Gilmire Grenier, Miss Eugenie Chenard, Miss Amilda Richard, Mrs.Lau- reat Paradis.That of Mrs.Victor Langlois is refused.Permission to reside outside of the Province is granted for one year to Miss Agnes Syminton, pensioner, aged 4¢ years.New medical certificates submitted by the Misses Zenaide Croteau, Rosine Monast and Florida Baudreau- ii ESP Be Eo SS ea Administrative Commission of the Pension Fund for Officers, etc.45 having been examined and proving satisfactory, the Commission granted these officers pensions.Mrs.Geo.Dryden will have a right to her pension if she proves that she has taught twenty.years, or to a re-im- bursement of her stoppages if she has taught at least ten years.Mr.Ahern moved, seconded by Mr.Perrault, and ic was resolved: That the Superintendent of Public Instruction be authorized to submit to the Roman Catholic Committee and to the Protestant Committee of the Council of Public Instruction the proposed amendment to article 3021, R.S.Q., 1909 :\u2014 Article 3021.All pensions shall be paid half-yearly; but if an officer dies without leaving a widow entitled to receive a pension, his heirs shall be entitled to receive a pen- _sion, the persons designated by him in a declaration transmitted before his death to the Superintendent of Public Instruction, or in default of such declaration, his heirs shall be entitled to receive his pension for the current six months.The annual salary of the Secretary of the Commission is fixed at five hundred dollars.And the President closed the session.The Secretary, AVILA DE BELLEVAL.The President, BOUCHER DE LA BRUERE, Superintendent. The Educational Record.ADMINISTRATIVE COMMISSION OF THE PENSION FUND FOR OFFICERS OF - PRIMARY INSTRUCTION.Session of December 3rd, 1914.Present:\u2014The Honorable P.Boucher de La Bruére, Superintendent of Public Instruction, President of the Commission; Messrs.John Ahern, of the City of Quebec, delegate of the Convention of Roman Catholic Teachers of Quebec; J.N.Perrault, of the City of Montreal, delegate of the Convention of Roman Catholic Teachers of Montreal; H.M.Cockfield and M.C.Hopkins, of the City of Montreal, delegates of the Provincial Association of Protestant Teachers.The minutes of last meeting were read and confirmed.The Secretary submitted his annual report: \u2014 Mr.President, and Messrs.the Members of the Administrative Commission of the Pension Fund for Officers of Primary Instruction.Sirs,\u2014 The undersigned Secretary of your Commission has the honor to submit to you the following report :\u2014 Financial Statement of Pension Fund for Officers of Primary Instruction for the school year ending June 3oth, 1914 :\u2014 REVENUE ACCOUNT.Expenditure .$103,116 72 Receipts 000200200020 aan ass ea ea ee 93,276 72 Deficit for the year.$ 9,840 on This deficit is met in part by the accumulated surpluses of 1899 to 1913, (Art.3016, R.S.Q., 1909) .L12L aan $ 8,174 32 The deficit in pension fund revenue is there- Administrative Commission of the Pension Fund for Officers, etc.47 (CAPITAL ACCOUNT.The Capital on July Ist, 1913, Was.$199,717 65.Received for Capital in 1913-14: Stoppages paid by officers them- SELVES vette ie en $1,096 68 Cee 29 l.ae ; 97 Deduct part pensions taken from Capital .\u2026.245% 00 , \u2014_\u2014\u2014 $2,377 97 Deposited in the Treasury of the Province .712 29 Balanee to deposit .1,665 68 \u2014$ 2,377 97 Capital on July 1st, 1914.$202,095 62 I have been informed that the following teachers resumed teaching from the 1st of November, 1913 :\u2014 I.Bedard, Rose Alma .46 years.2.Mrs.F.E.Blais.co.63 3.Généreux, Alma .44 3\u201c 4.I'Aistrés, Mrs.Stanislas .36\u201c 5.Longpré, Rachel .47 6.Mercier, Elmire .47 7.Turgéon, Wilhelmina .45 The following pensioners have died :\u2014 Pension 1.Anderson, Theophilus .60 years.$583 00 2.Basibet, Widow Anthime .70 , © 97 62 3.Brault, Calixte .70 \u201c 494 34 4.Campbell, Margaret .71\u201c 171 37 5.\u2018Chisholm, Jessie E.56 177 45 6.Ethier, Rose de Lima.56 \u201c 83 04 7.Fecteau, Etienne .76 300° 00 8.Hamel, Hélene .68 87 67 The Educational Record.9.Hébert, Rachel .64 78 61 10.Laliberté, Mrs.Godfrey .76 92 85 11.McQueen, Mrs.John .59 \u201c\" 423 42 12.Morin, Joseph A.64 119 Of 13.Savard, Joseph E.66 682 00 14.Sornberger, Mrs.Elias .go 75 00 Thompson, Wm.65 \u201c 636 $4,101 Average age, 66 years; Average pension, $273.43.Some officers with over twenty years of service to their credit also died, particularly School Inspector J.B.Demers and Professor Eugene Leroy.As their legal heirs had right, six months pension was paid in each case.Messrs.Wm.Thompson and Joseph E.Savard, pensioners mentioned above, had paid the stoppage assuring a half pension to their widows.The following pensioners, residing outside of the Prov- | ince, have not yet sent in the required declaration giving à them right to a pension :\u2014 I.\u2018Caron-Deblois, Widow Eu- \u2014 lalie .65 years.Ottawa.2.Cowell, Martha .68 North Troy, Vt.3.Hudon, Adele .62 \u201c Ottawa.4.McGregor, Widow James.58 \u201c Los Angeles, Cal 5.Macdonald, Elizabeth .69 Beamsville, Ont.6.Merry, Elma J.64 \u201c Saskatoon, Sask.7.Mequin, Cordélie- .68 \u201c Holyoke, Mass.| 8.Holland, Malvina .72 \u201c Chicopee Falls.9.Thomson, Mrs.Malcolm.58 \u201c Toronto.Pensioners under 56 years of age who have not yet submitted a medical certificate :\u2014 1.Béland, Philomene .47 years.2.Caron, Georgiana .53 3.Chénard, Euphémie .50 4.Delormes, Edmond .50 £4 (53 Administrative Commission of the Pension Fund for Officers, etc.49 cc 5.Lacasse, Joséphine .eee 52 6.Peyton, Mathilda .DI 55 7.Prévost, Mrs.Charles .sr\u201c 8.Walker, Sprague, Mrs.L.A.54 \u201c N.B.\u2014The report of the Inspector Dubeau is very favorable to Miss Chénard.: We are missing reports from the Inspectors on quite a number of pensioners, due in some instances to the Inspectors not having completed their visits, and in others to the absence of pensioners from home when called upon.Mrs.Enos McMullen, Miss Annie Eliza Matthieu, Mrs.Widow Napoléon Bergeron, officers aged over 56 years, Mrs.J.B.Denommé, Miss Jessie E.Chisholm, Mrs.Joseph Ouellet, Miss Edith Pelletier, Mrs.Frédéric Le- cours, Miss Virginie Bédard, Miss Lina Ledoux, officers aged less than 56 years, who at the last session established to your satisfaction by medical certificate that they werc completely incapable to continue teaching, have proved a credit of twenty years of service, and their arrears of stoppages, and received the pension to which they are entitled.Miss Hermélie Dionne, who retired from service at fifty years of age, and to whom you granted a pension at your last session, having submitted a medical certificate which was considered satisfactory, we ordered her pension to be paid.The Misses Joséphine Mathieu and Mary A.Cohoon passed a new medical examination.The pension to which they had right was paid.Dr.Adélard Corsos, of Montreal, having made a favorable report on the case of Miss Dora Messier, a re-im- bursement of the stoppages which she had paid into the pension fund was made.Nothing further has been received in regard to the case of Mrs.George Dryden.The Honorable the Attorney General has not yet expressed an opinion on the questions which were submitted to him. 50 The Educational Recorde Pensions have been paid to all other pensioners who have complied with the conditions of the law and the regulations of .your Commission.The whole respectfully submitted.I have the honor to be, Sirs, Your obedient servant, (Signed) AVILA DE BELLEVAL, Secretary.~The Secretary's report was adopted.The Commission authorized the Superintendent and the Secretary to pay the pensions of the old officers as soon as they comply with the required formalities, also to the following pensioners on a favorable report after the new medical examination to which they are to submit: Malvina Couture, Marie Louise Bécotte, Mrs.Jean Laflamme, Mrs.Chas.Morneau, Miss Louise Léocadie Rochette, Miss M.Adele Arthémise Riverin, Mrs.J.B.Robillard, Miss Antoinette Morin, Mrs.Widow Hiliare Guérin, Mr.Louis Edmond Warren.Mr.Warren is to be examined by Dr.E.P.Chagnon, of Montreal, and a specialist with whom he may confer.Proceeding next with the examination of the new applications for pension, the Commission ruled and ordered as follows :\u2014 The officers whose names follow having taught during twenty years or more and being at least 56 years of age, have a right to their pension: Mr.John McKercher, Mr.Senaca P.Rowell, Mrs.Narcisse Audet, (née) Philomene Forgues, Mrs.J.B.Fournel, (née) Mathilde \u2018Gravel, Miss Loetitia Barlow, Miss Sarah Millan, Mrs.Victor Martel, (née) Marie Louise Houlthan, Miss Margaret Jane Clarke, Mrs.Jemi- ma Kemp, Miss Catherine Harper, Miss M.Ezilda Aminta Viger, Jane Luttrell, Miss Annie O'Grady, Mrs.George Administrative Commission of the Pension Fund for Officers, etc.51 Faucher (née) Célanire Turmel, Mr.J.C.Dupuis, Miss Mathilde Tremblay, Miss Delphine Délisle, Miss Julien Houle (née) Rosalie L'Ecuyer, Miss Solyme Fleixine Le- febvre dit Boulanger, Mrs.Alma R.Jenkerson, Mr.Joseph Henri Sénécal, Mrs.Widow Emile Caron (née) Victoria Deschenes, Miss Joséphine Lachance, Miss Azilda Cartier, Mr.Richard Pagé, Miss Arzélie Bourgouin.The following officers, aged over fifty-six, will have right to their pension on establishing the fact that they have taught twenty years and the payment of the required stoppages on salary received: Miss Hélene Thornber, Mrs.Catherine Simpson and Miss Caroline Drouin.| The appilcation of Miss Léontine Marquis, professor of cutting, was refused.The following officers having taught at least twenty years and established the fact that they are obliged to leave the service because of ill health, have a right to their pension: Miss Odile Bélanger, Miss Philomene Dutil, Mrs.Widow Noé Deschamps (née) Alphonsine Lalonde, Mrs.Pierre Simard (née) Elmire Tremblay, Mr.J.A.Sangster, Miss Virginie Verreault, Mr.Hormidas Bergeron, Mrs.Théodore Schmeler (née) Marie Emma Jalbert, Mrs.Georges Montpetit (née) Stéphanie McMurray, for the years 1912-13 and 1913-14, Miss Marie Amanda Des- roches, Miss Ellen Egg, Miss Lucrece Dubreuil, for the months of October, November and December, 1914, Miss Marie Adele Lamontagne, Miss Ombeline Roberge, Miss Marie Louise Charbonneau, Miss Sophie Bombardier, Miss Alvine Délima Grandin, Miss Eliza J.Mathieu, Mrs.Wm.Girard (née) Henriette Perron, Miss M.L.Achillia Ménard, Miss Amanda St.Yves, Mrs.Widow G.S.Blanchard, (née) Georgiana Couturier, Miss Mathilda Laroche.The following officers having submitted a certificate from their physician showing that they are incapable of teaching, will have a right to their pension as soon as they establish the fact of having taught at least twenty years: 52 The Educational Record.Miss M.Francois Vigneault, Mr.Robert John Hew- ton, Miss Wilhelmine Roy, Mrs.Edmond Coté, (née) Eugénie Sabourin, Miss Philomene Lariviere, Miss Clémentine Brisebois, Miss Lumina Martin.Mrs.Marion MeIntosh, (née) Taylor, aged fifty years, will have right to her pension on attaining her fifty-sixth year, on establishing the fact that she has taught twenty years and is completely incapable of further teaching.The following officers will have right to their pension only after new medical examination and favorable report of the physician who examines them: Mrs.Adolphe Babineau, (née) Victoria Dubois, Miss Anna Lapointe, Miss Maria Héon.| The applications of Mrs.Xavier Gagné, (née) Eliz.Delvina Tanguay, Mrs.Napoléon Despins (née) Elénore Rhéault, Miss Virginie R.Tetrault, Miss Régina Beaulieu, Mrs.Philéas Roy, (née) Philomene Tardif, Miss Martine Bouchard, Mrs.Damase Dion, (née) Prudentienne Tremblay, are refused.The applications are granted of the following for reimbursement of stoppages: Miss Azéline Turcotte, Miss Léonide Couturier, Miss Aldéa Couturier, Miss Emma Morin, Miss Lizzie Sang- ster, Miss Sophie Lupien, Miss Anne Beatrix Fournelle.Those of Miss Margaret Georgiana Mathieson Ramsay, Mrs.Patrick \u2018Chicoine, (née) Hélene Despres, Mrs.Abel Tremblay, (née) Julienne Audet, and Miss Marie des Anges Valérie Giguere are refused.The Secretary then submitted the following cases to the Commission: 1.In 1906 the application of Mrs.Clovis Hébert (née) Anne Marcotte, for a pension was refused on the grounds that she was only forty-eight years of age, that she had not-taught at least four of the five years which preceded her application for pension, as required by the regulations in force, and that two of her twenty years: of service were made before she reached the age of eighteen years.This year she renews her application.PRE ve ed EE Administrative Commission of the Pension Fund for Officers, etc.53 The Commission can not alter its decision of 1906, as Mrs.Hébert has not returned to teaching since.2.Miss Dora Messier secured last year the re-im- > bursement of her stoppages.This year she applies for a pension, which the Commission can not grant owing to her having commenced to teach at the age of fifteen and having taught but twenty years in all.3.The application for pension of Miss Flora Winni- fred Dowd is rejected because she failed to pay nor applied to pay within the delay fixed by article 3024 of the school a code, the stoppages due on her salary.4 Miss Jane Egan to whom a pension was granted in 1912, was unable, for reasons beyond her control, to complete her statement of services for years previous to 1880, and these years therefore were not counted for her pension.Her statement reached the Department some time after the expiration of the delay fixed by article 3010 of the school code for the payment of arrears of stoppages.She asks permission to pay these arrears, and that her pension be increased in consequence.Her application is granted.5.\u2018Miss Marie Anne Ouellet made last year application for pension which was refused, the medical certificate which accompanied the application not having been found favorable.This year she produced new certificates.The Commission having examined these certificates and not finding them completely satisfactory ordered that Miss Ouellet should submit to a new medical examination.6.Mrs.L.J.Coté (née) Marie Roy, secured her pension in 1899.In 1900 and in 1902 the Commission being of opinion that this officer was not incapable of resuming teaching, ordered the suspension of payment of her pension, which Mrs.Coté did not reclaim until last year.She applies for the renewal of her pension and produces certificates showing ill health since 1898.In view of articles 3001 and 3023, R.S.Q., 1909, the Commission is unable to grant the application. 54 The Educational Record.\u2026.7.Mrs.Isidore Légaré, (née) Emélie Chalou, obtained in 1895, after thirteen years of service, a pension which she enjoyed two years.After three further years of teaching she retired definitely from the service, and asked for the re-imbursement of the stoppages at her credit on the books of the pension fund.She attempted to take up teaching in the month of April, 1914, but taught only three months.She now asks for her pension.The Commission was unable to accede to her demand.The Secretary submitted to the Commission the question as to whether the School Inspectors may count as part of their salary the sum allowed to them for travelling expenses, which was decided in the affirmative.Mrs.Jos.E.Savard asked that the full pension of her husband, who died on October 6th, 1914, be paid to her up to July 1st, 19135.The Commission felt that it had not the power to grant this application.Miss Hermine Chaussé, pensioner, aged fifty-one years, requests that she may be permitted ta live outside of the Province and to teach the children of the institution in which she may board.The application is refused.The Secretary read a petition presented to the Roman Catholic Committee of the Council of Public Instruction by Mr.J.B.Ernest Magnan and other pensioners who are in receipt of a less pension than two hundred dollars, asking that their minimum pension be fixed at $300.00 or at least $200.00.: This petition had been referred to the Administrative Commission of the Roman Catholic Committee for consideration, Mr.Ahern moved, seconded by Mr.Cockfield, and it was resolved: That this Commission does not judge it well to support this petition.After serious examination of the financial position of the Pension Fund for Officers of Primary Instruction, the following resolution was unanimously adopted: Administrative Commission of the Pension Fund for Officers, etc.55° That this Commission recommends the Government of this Province to amend article 3012, R.S.Q., 1909, by replacing in the third paragraph the words \u201c\u2018twenty-seven\u201d by the word \u201cfifty.\u201d | And the President closed the session.BOUCHER DE LA BRUERE, Superintendent.AVILA DE BELLEVAL, Secretary. The Educational Record.DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION QUEBEC, QUE.November 20th, 1614.On which day the regular quarterly meeting of the Protestant Committee of the Council of Public Instruction was held at Macdonald College, Ste.Anne de Bellevue, Quebec.Present:\u2014Principal W.Peterson, LL.D., C.M.G,, in the Chair; Prof.A.W.Kneeland, M.A., B.C.L.; the Rev.A.T.Love, B.A.,, D.D.; H.B.Ames, Esq., B.A, M.P.; Gavin J.Walker, Esq.; the Hon.Sydney Fisher, B.A.; W.M.Rowat, Esq., M.D.; Hon.Justice McCor- kill, D.C.L.; Prof.J.A.Dale, M.A.; Prin.R.A.Parrock, M.A., D.C.L.; W.L.Shurtleff, Esq., K.C., LL.D.; the Hon.Geo.Bryson, M.L.C.; Mr.Chas.McBurney, B.A.; Mr.E.Montgomery Campbell, M.A.; and Mr.Sinclair Laird, M.A.An apology for unavoidable absence was submitted from John Whyte, Esq.The minutes of the meeting of October 7th were read, and after the following addition had been made, were confirmed :(\u2014 \u201cMr.Murray stated to the Committee that, at the instance of the Hon.Sydney Fisher, a conference will be held in Montreal of leading educationalists to discuss matters in relation to the teaching of Agriculture in schools.Mr.Murray suggested that while it was not necessary that this Committee should formally appoint representatives for such conference, yet the Committee should give it recognition and approval.\u2014 Carried.\u201d Before taking up the items of business on the Agenda Paper the Chairman expressed in feeling terms his deep regret at the great loss sustained by the Committee and by the community at large through the removal by the hand of Death of two esteemed members, namely, The Lord Bishop of Quebec, and The Hon.P.S.G.Mackenzie.After sev- v Department of Public Instruction.57 eral members had spoken in a similar strain, the following motions were presented and adopted unanimously :\u2014 Moved by Hon.J.C.McCorkill, seconded by Hon.Sydney Fisher, and supported by Dr.Peterson, C.M.G., on behalf of the members of the Committee, and resolved that the members of this Committee learned with profound regret of the untimely and tragic death of their late much esteemed colleague, the Hon.P.S.G.Mackenzie, member of the Legislature and Treasurer of the Province, at his home, in Melbourne, on the morning of the 8th instant.They hereby express their deep sense of the great loss this Committee has in consequence suffered.Mr, Mackenzie\u2019s devotion to his duties; his great interest in education ; his ever ready efforts in its behalf; his open courteous manner at all times and under all circumstances, endeared him to us in a most marked degree.That a copy of this resolution be conveyed to Mrs.Mackenzie for whom we feel the most sincere sympathy in her great bereavement.Moved bv the Rev.Principal Parrock, and seconded by the Rev.Dr.Love, and resolved: That this Committee desires to place on record its sense of the serious loss sustained by the community at large and the cause of education in particular in the death of the Right Rev.Andrew Hunter Dunn, D,D., late Lord Bishop of Quebec.For over twenty years the Bishop was an active member of this Committee, and his advice in connection especially with the needs of education in the rural districts and religious instruction in schools was always of the greatest practical value; while both in committee, or sub-com- mittee, he was ever ready to devote his time and great business ability to further the interests of education generally.This Committee further desires to express its deep sympathy with Mrs.Hunter Dunn and the members \u2018of her family in this bereavement.A letter from J.A.Nicholson, Esq., regarding W.C.T.U.recommendations was read.It was agreed to enlarge the curriculum of the School for Teachers so as to provide such elementary knowledge of Temperance and Health as is needful.\u201d 58 The Educational Record.A letter from the Corresponding Secretary of the Protestant Teachers\u2019 Association containing two recommendations from the Association was read.These recommendations are :\u2014 1st.That the Teachers\u2019 Representative on the Protestant Committee be appointed a member of the Teachers\u2019 Training Committee.2nd.That the subject of Latin be retained on the curriculum of Macdonald Training School for Teachers for condidates studying for a Model School Diploma.In regard to the first recommendation, it was moved by the Rev.Dr.Rexford and seconded by Mr.McBurney, that the matter be held over for consideration at the next election of representatives on this Committee.In reply to the recommendation with reference to the position of Latin in the Model School course, the Secretary was instructed to inform the Association that the Protestant Committee is giving its attention to the subject, and points out :\u2014 | (a) That Latin has been removed from the course of study for the Model diploma by the Teachers\u2019 Training Committee.(b) That Latin is still necessary for all normal cases.The Committee will be glad to consider the differentiation of the diplomas given to students\u2019 entering the Mode! Class with or without Latin in their matriculation.The Teachers\u2019 Training Committee was asked to look into the matter and make a detailed report to the Committee on the whole question.Report of the Text-Book Committee :\u2014 Your Committee beg leave to report that they have prepared for your consideration a tentative list of textbooks which is herewith submitted.The difficulties met with by your committee in their endeavor to carry out your mandate\u2014one book, or one series of books for each subject\u2014have proved so great that pe - = tte\u2014