Technique : revue industrielle = industrial review, 1 février 1938, Février

[" Geileisies ririeicici Les au OFF FVUE INDUSTRIELLE >» esAl TH ; CON 13 MONTREAL \u201cye.VOL.XIII No 2 EIR, + ma \u20140_ TECHNIQUE I | y aus a 00008 _ AL LL ULL bens = bo [Tg Ll I | & ce) I PRX | CRSA ve! 2 ER = i 4 _ i (it ii fl fils, Geo.| i 4 ih ih | 1h hit Qh Gili ul Ht, Gi on qu fi! à Qu ¢ i i i i | : i i .| i & T i nad O FEVR R 1938 F ded BRUARY | i È i | ; à i pa li ae, gt i ! Ë Nt hhh a Gt hi Nd i h USTRIAL REVIEW ih ih Hi te -.hh i - \u2014 \u2014 + AR Ada i, N hdd LL, Ir Rn RNa FN ARRAN Re ET (it vb tt eh A TECHNIQ U E REVUE INDUSTRIELLE INDUSTRIAL REVIEW COMITE DE DIRECTION Directeur Secrétaire et Administrateur Rédacteurs en chef : Gabriel Rousseau Armand Thuot Section française Section anglaise Secrétaire de la rédaction BOARD OF DIRECTORS Director Secretary and Business Manager Editors : English Section French Section COMITE DE REDACTION Jean-Marie Gauvreau lan McLeish Jean Delorme Gabriel Rousseau Armand Thuot lan McLeish Jean Marie Gauvreau Secretary, Editorial Committee Jean Delorme EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Alb.-Victor Dumas James-A.Gahan Elzéar-N.Gougeon Georges Landreau Albert Landry E.Morgentaler F.Roberge Stewart-H.Ross lan McLeish Jean-Marie Gauvreau Fernand Caillet Alexandre Bailey P.-E.Beaulé Hector Beaupré Paul Cadotte G.-H.Cing-Mars George-E.Cross H.-E.Tanner J.-C.-A.Demers W.-W.Werry Délégué de la Corporation des Techniciens J.-R.McGrath Delegate of the Corporation of Technicians Canada - - parannée $1.00 Etranger - - parannée 1.50 Mensuelle excepté juillet et août Le Numéro - - - - - = .10 Abonnement : Publié sous le patronage de Published under the patronage of HON.ALBINY PAQUETTE Published monthly except July and par - by .LES ECOLES D'ARTS ET METIERS PY Canada Other Countries Onecopy - - = - +» = Subscription : Adresser toute correspondance Address correspondence to 59 Ouest, rue Saint-Jacques Montréal 59 St.James Street West MINISTÈRE DU SECRÉTARIAT DE LA PROVINCE DE QUÉBEC _ HoN.ALBINY PAQUETTE JEAN BRUCHESI Ministre Sous-Ministre Les Ecoles d\u2019Arts et Métiers FONDÉES PAR LA LÉGISLATURE EN 1872 SECTION DES ARTS COURS D'ARCHITECTURE ET DE DESSIN À MAIN LEVÉE: A Montréal : Monument National, Ecole Hélène Bou- lay, Ecole Morin, Ecole de la Dauversière, Ecole Saint- Henri ; aussi, à Sherbrooke, Saint-Hyacinthe et Lévis.COURS DE SOLFÈGE : A Montréal : Ecole Morin, Ecole Chomedey de Mai- sonneuve, Ecole Olier; Ecole de Lévis; à Québec : Ecole Saint-Sauveur, Ecole Saint-François d\u2019Assise, Ecole Marie-Vianney ; aussi à Lachine, Sherbrooke, Magog, Lac Mégantic, Saint-Jérôme, Shawinigan Falls, Rivière du Loup, Trois-Rivières, Jonquière, Bedford.SECTION DES MÉTIERS DESSIN INDUSTRIEL, MENUISERIE ET MODELAGE, MATHÉMATIQUES ET PHYSIQUE INDUSTRIELLE, ELECTRI- CITÉ, AJUSTAGE.A Montréal : Ecole Louis-Hébert, Usines Angus; aussi à Beauceville, Chicoutimi, Port Alfred,\u201cRimouski, Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Jean, Sherbrooke et Lauzon.ÉCOLES TECHNIQUES ET INDUSTRIELLES Lachine, Grand\u2019Mère, La Tuque, Shawinigan Falls, Chicoutimi, Port Alfred, Rimouski et Verdun.Pour tous renseignements s\u2019adresser au directeur : GABRIEL ROUSSEAU 59, RUE SAINT-JACQUES OUEST TÉL BELAIR 2374 Publications de «Technique » COURS DE MENUISERIE, par E.Morgentaler, professeur à l'Ecole Technique de Montréal.Première partie + supplément.1 volume broché et cartonné, prix : $1.00 Deuxième partie 1 volume broché et cartonné, prix : $0.60 DIRECTION POUR L'ENSEIGNEMENT DES TRAVAUX MANUELS À L\u2019ÉCOLE PRIMAIRE, par C.-J.Miller et Amédée Lussier.1 volume broché et cartonné, prix : $0.50 NOTES DE TECHNOLOGIE DU BOIS, par Jean- Marie Gauvreau, directeur de l'Ecole du Meuble.] fascicule broché de 95 pages, prix : $0.25 COURS DE DESSIN INDUSTRIEL, par Georges Landreau, professeur à l'Ecole Polytechnique.10 tascicules 814 x 11 prix : $0.50 DE L\u2019ANCLAIS AU FRANCAIS EN ELECTRO- TECHNIQUE, par René Dupuis.1 volume broché prix : $1.00 I b Ministère du Secrétariat dela Province de Québec Hon.ALBINY PAQUETTE, ministre JEAN BRUCHESI, sous-ministre ARTS APPLIQUÉS AUX INDUSTRIES DE L\u2019'AMEUBLEMENT Ecole du Meuble POUR TOUS RENSEIGNEMENTS S'ADRESSER AU DIRECTEUR JEAN-MARIE GAUVREAU 2020, RUE KIMBERLEY SECTION DE L\u2019ARTISANAT Cours de quatre années préparant les candidats à la création et à la réalisation.SECTION D'APPRENTISSAGE Cours de deux années (3° année facultative) préparant spécialement une main-d'oeuvre compétente.MATIÈRES ENSEIGNÉES Menuiserie d'art, Menuiserie en sièges, Ebénisterie, Garniture, Sculpture sur bois, Finition de tous genres, Technologie du bois, Dessin géométrique, Dessin à vue, Dessin de construction du meuble, Construction du meuble, Histoire de l'art et du meuble, Composition du meuble, Eléments de décoration, Notions de mécanique, de physique et d'électricité, Notions de comptabilité et d'opérations commerciales,-Sociologie, Conférences spéciales, films éducationnels et visites industrielles.Un personnel compétent, expérimenté et dévoué assume l\u2019enseignement dans chaque spécialité.Téléphone HArbour 8026, Montréal COURS DU JOUR PROSPECTUS COURS DU SOIR SUR DEMANDE DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC A HON.ALBINY PAQUETTE, Minister Fes es) JEAN BRUCHESI, Deputy Minister MONTREAL TECHNICAL SCHOOL 200 SHERBROOKE ST.WEST Subsidized by the Provincial Government and the City of Montreal Founded in 1907 by the Quebec Provincial Government.Prepares for various careers in industry as Technical Experts, Supervisors, Shop Superintendents, Technical Salesmen, Draughtsmen, Printers, etc.DAY COURSES Technical Course.\u2014 Four years academic and practical training.Laboratories and shops have the best of equipment.Trade School Course.\u2014 Two years of practical training for boys who desire to learn a trade.Entrance requirements, completion of the elementary grades.Printing Course.\u2014 À two-year course in typography.Requirements for entrance examination, two years beyond the elementary grades.Automobile Course.\u2014 Complete theoretical and practical automobile mechanical and electrical course.EVENING CLASSES Theoretical and practical course.Open to all already employed in some branch of industry or commerce.ASK FOR A PROSPECTUS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION WRITE OR PHONE THE SECRETARY, HARBOUR 2595 ÉCOLE TECHNIO MINISTERE DU SECRETARIAT DE LA PROVINCE HON.ALBINY PAQUETTE, ministre, JEAN BRUCHESI, s.- ministre FONDEE EN 1919, OUVERTE EN 1924 Subventionnée par la Province et la Cité de Hull Laboratoires d'électricité, de chimie et de physique particulièrement pourvus.Ateliers bien outillés pour la pratique des métiers du fer et du bois.Cours Technique de quatre années, préparant à de nombreuses carrières ouvertes dans les services du gouvernement, des villes ainsi que dans les grandes compagnies d'utilités publiques ; préparant aussi aux fonctions de contremaître ou chef d'atelier dans la grande et moyenne industrie, ainsi qu'à la direction de petites industries.Spécialisation dès la seconde année en chimie, électricité, dessin de machines, mécanique d'ajustage, menuiserie, ébénisterie, ferronnerie et fonderie.Cours des Métiers de deux années (ou plus).Orientation manuelle avec spécialisation dès la seconde année en ajustage, menuiserie, ébénisterie, ferronnerie et fonderie.Cours d\u2019Automobile d'une année.Comportant la mécanique et l'électricité de l'automobile ainsi que la réparation, le réglage d'automobiles au garage de l'école.Cours du Soir gratuits.Offerts dansune vingtaine de spécialités : Arts appliqués, sciences, métiers.109, RUE WRIGHT, 109 TELEPHONE SHERWOOD 2-0014 Pour prospectus et renseignements supplémentaires, s\u2019adresser ou téléphoner à l'Ecole Technique de Hull.UE DE HULL t EE TECHNIQUE REVUE INDUSTRIELLE 59 OUEST, RUE ST.-JACQUES, MONTREAL TARIF DES ANNONCES Pour 1 insertion Pour 10 insertions .$25 .$215 .20 .170 135.130 10.8 222.6.50 120carte .4 .35 Couverture extérieure $50 l'insertion, $350 pour 10 insertions.Couverture intérieure $40 l'insertion, $300 pour 10 insertions.Demi-Couverture intérieure $20 l'insertion, 8170 pour 10 insertions.NATIONAL PHOTO ENGRAVING Sy./ HE Moteurs Diesel Les moteurs Diesel Fairbanks-Morse fonctionnant avec une huile lourde fournissent un pouvoir sûr et peu dispendieux.Ils servent dans les mines, les moulins, les élévateurs à grains, les usines de chemin de fer, dans les usines de pouvoir et de pompage, sur les navires, pour fournir de l'éclairage dans les villes et les villages, etc.Ils sont fournis dans deux modèles : les moteurs à deux temps, type lourd, basse vitesse, capacité de 10 à 10,000 horse-power et les moteurs à quatre temps, type semi-lourd, vitesse moyenne, capacité de 8 à 280 horse-power.\u201cJhe CANADIAN Fairbanks-Morse COMPANY -Limited 980, rue Saint-Antoine Montréal La seule revue industrielle bilingue TECHNIQUE The only bilingual industrial review Pour vos coutroies a transmission.INDUSTRIAL LEATHERS CO.Limited Cie DES CUIRS INDUSTRIELS Limitée 2067, rue Beaudry, Montréal FRontenac 3355 TEL.MA, 2030 T.-A.BARRETTE, prés.INTERNATIONAL AGENCY Ltd.Représentants de manufacture Machinerie en général.Garnitures en métal pour meubles Chambre 309, Edifice St-Nicholas, Montréal HArbour 5288 hévien ° \u2014\u2014UMmiTÉ9 /\u2014\u2014 | MPRIMEURS - LITHOGRAPHES - GRAVEURS + PRINTERS - LITHOGRAPHERS - ENGRAVERS « L'imprimerie est l'artillerie 334, RUE NOTRE DE at de la pensée » \u2014 Si vous songez à une amélioration possible dans la présentation ou la rédaction de TECHNIQUE n'hésitez pas à nous en faire part, nous vous en remercions d'avance.59 Ouest, rue Saint-Jacques Montréal _ \u2014 EE w \u201cAS A LA PHOTOGRAVURE: GE | 282 OUEST, RUE ONTARIO (près Bleury) @ PE 7 QUINCAILLERIE DE BATIMENT, OUTILS, COUTELLERIE, COULEURS ET VERNIS, ARTICLES DE MENAGE BUILDERS HARDWARE, TOOLS, CUTLERY, COLOURS AND VARNISHES, KITCHEN WARES TELEPHONE MARQUETTE 2484+ Quincaillerie Durand LIMITED 804, RUE ST-JACQUES OUEST 804 ST.JAMES STREET WEST MONTREAL BULLDOG GRIP CEMENT Co.Inc.2101, ave.Bennett, Montréal Si nos colles sont assez bonnes pour les ébénistes experts de L'ECOLE DU MEUBLE DE MONTREAL Pourquoi ne les employez-vous pas ?SMA LD tl OI TECHNIQUE FEVRIER - 1938 - FEBRUARY SOMMAIRE - SUMMARY PAGE THE THERMAL INSULATION OF HOUSES J.D.Babbitt 51 LA PUBLICITÉ ET L\u2019INDUSTRIE Bernard Geoffrion 57 RECENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN PETROLEUM REFINING Dr.R.Simard 60 LES ÉCOLES DE TYPOGRAPHIE EN AMÉRIQUE Chester-A.Lyle 68 A QUARTER CENTURY WITH THE MONTREAL TECHNICAL SCHOOL Ian McLeish 72 L'ASPHALTAGE DANS LA CONSTRUCTION DES PISCINES EN PLEIN AIRA.Rywosch 75 HicH POTENTIAL S.H.Ross 79 L'USAGE DU BOIS ET DU CHARBON DE BOIS COMME COMBUSTIBLES À MOTEUR J.-H.Jenkins et F.-W.Guernsey 83 THE ELECTRICAL CONSTRUCTION En- GINEER IN SOUTH AFRICA Walter Buchler 88 ETUDE SUR LE FINI DE NOS BOIS J.-R.-Alfred Legendre 89 CORRECTING ROUGHNESS OF COMMUTATORS E.R.Siefkin 97 LA SOUDURE AUTOGENE DU METAL MONEL Pierre Hollard 100 BIBLIOGRAPHIE 103 COMMUNIQUÉ DU MINISTÈRE DES MINES ET DES RESSOURCES.105 NOUVELLES DES DIPLOMES \u2014 GRADUATES\u2019 NEws 106 LE CLUB TYPOGRAPHIQUE 108 LEXIQUE D\u2019'AJUSTAGE (au centre) Lucien Normandeau Imprimé à l'atelier d'imprimerie, Ecole Technique de Montréal Printed by the Depariment of Printing, Montreal Technical School INIGAN TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOUNDED IN 1912 By Mr.J.E.ALDRED, President of Shawinigan Water & Power Co.Under the guidance of a Committee of Management composed of the Managers of the Local Industrial Corporations, Subsidized by the Local Industries, Provincial Government and the City of Shawinigan Falls DAY CLASSES 1.Regular four-year Technical Course, the final year the equivalent of Senior Matriculation.9.Trade Courses for students without sufficient preparation to follow course Number 1.NIGHT CLASSES Course in Machine Shop Practice, Carpentry, Oxy-acety- lene Welding, Chemistry, Electricity, Drafting, Mathematics, Industrial English, Stenography, Sewing, Book-keep- ing and Cost Accounting.FOR FURTHER INFORMATION APPLY TO SHAWINIGAN TECHNICAL INSTITUTE SHAWINIGAN FALLS, QUE.VIENT DE PARAITRE DICTIONNAIRE LAROUSSE COMPLET AVEC NOUVEAU SUPPLEMENT CANADIEN Nouvelle édition canadienne 308e édition.Le seul dictionnaire frangais approuvé par le Conseil de l'Instruction Publique de la Province de Québec.Nouvelle édition, revue, corrigée et considérablement augmentée.Renfermant les noms les plus nouveaux de la langue française.Enrichi d'un nouveau supplément canadien complètement revu et mis à jour.EN VENTE CHEZ TOUS LES LIBRAIRES.PRIX, $1.25 FRANCO rm; FEVRIER TECHNIQUE 1938 FEBRUARY The Thermal Insulation of Houses HEN we speak of the thermal insu- Wor of houses we refer to the use of some material or of some building construction by means of which the heat transfer through the walls and roof of the house is decreased.It is only in recent years that people have become insulation \u2018\u201c\u2018conscious,\u201d if I may use such an expression, and only ten years ago the Dominion Fuel Board considered it necessary to publish a pamphlet entitled \u2018Why you should insulate your home.\u201d Today everyone takes the insulation of a house for granted; so much so that inadequately insulated houses or apartment buildings are exceedingly difficult to rent.Why is it that there has been this apparently sudden realization of the necessity to make provision in the building of a house that the heat transfer through the walls will be kept to a minimum?In truth this problem is really a modern one and has arisen through changes in building practices and in living and heating habits.There have always been well-insu- lated houses but formerly the insulation was merely incidental to the construction and no special provision had to be made for it.The houses were built with such thick walls that they afforded sufficient protection against excessive heat loss without the addition of light porous materials such as are in use today.With the modern methods of construction where it is possible to build thin light walls on a steel superstructure it is essential that the insulation be specifically provided for; otherwise it will be possible to keep the house at a living temperature only at a prohibitive cost.In former times, also, fuel and building materials were more plentiful and in cold climates people were accustomed to wearing heavy winter woolen clothing so that they were not so susceptible to cold houses.By J.D.BABBITT Physicist, National Research Council, Ottawa.But now with our modern science we demand something better than this.We demand houses which are comfortable to live in during the whole year without an excessive fuel bill.This is the aim of insulation.Consider what happens in an ordinary dwelling in Canada or the northern United States.A certain quantity of coal, gas, or oil is burnt, in the furnace and a certain percentage of the heat generated from this is transmitted to the various parts of the house by means of a hot air, hot water, or steam system.This brings the temperature of the house to somewhere in the vicinity of 70°F.depending on the inclination of the inhabitants.There is always a loss of heat from the inside of the house through the walls, windows, doors and roof to the outside.If the house is to be maintained at a steady temperature this heat loss must be exactly compensated by more heat from the furnace.Thus the heat supplied must exactly equal the heat lost from the house.The less the heat loss the less the fuel required.It is perhaps interesting at this stage to consider in more detail the various ways in which heat leaks from the inside of the house to the air outside.Some interesting data are available from a survey of 200 homes in the northern United States.These were all frame houses, having no insulation and no storm windows.It was found that the heat loss was distributed as follows: 16.29, through the roof, 27.09, through the walls, 25.89, through the glass; 24.69 by air infiltration, 4.39, through the door and 2.19; by other sources including the floor.The most obvious method of reducing this heat loss is by the addition of storm windows and doors which quite substantially reduce the heat loss through the glass and by air infiltration.By this means about 30% of the heat loss can be eliminated.The walls and roof are now the most 51 February, 1938 serious sources of heat loss and it is here that we are concerned with insulation proper.When the walls and roof of these houses are insulated according to the best modern practice we can reduce the heat loss by another 30% which means we have a total reduction of about 60%.Since the heat loss must be equal to the heat put in by the furnace this represents a saving of 60% in the heat supplied to the house.This does not quite represent a 60% saving in fuel, however, since no furnace is 1009 efficient and there is always a heat loss up the chimney.But that it does represent a very appreciable saving is beyond doubt.The amount to be saved by insulation would not be the same in all houses since the walls of most buildings would be better insulated in the beginning than the frame walls of these test houses.The worse the initial condition of the wall the greater the saving to be obtained from an equal amount of insulation.MECHANISM OF HEAT TRANSFER Now let us consider the ways in which the transfer of heat through a wall may be retarded.It is essential first of all to understand the mechanism by which heat is transferred from one place to another\u2014in this case from the inside of a wall to the outside.Heat is simply a form of energy\u2014 whether a body is hot or cold depends on the quantity of energy which it contains.In a solid body this energy resides in the movements of the individual molecules and the hotter the body the more rapid the vibrations of the molecules.The transfer of heat is simply the problem of how this energy of motion of molecules is transferred from one place to another.There are three methods by which this may take place and these are known as conduction, convection and radiation.To understand conduction, consider a solid body which is hot at one side and cold at the other.The molecules on the hot side of the body are vibrating more rapidly than those on the cold side but this vibrational energy is transferred from molecule to molecule until the whole body is at the same temperature.This represents a transfer of heat from the hot to the cold parts of the body and this method of heat transfer is known as conduction.It is the sole method of heat transfer in solid materials and the metals are the best conductors since in these the energy exchange from molecule to molecule is most easily effected.It is easy to see 52 TECHNIQUE that those substances in which the molecules are farthest apart are the worse con- ductors\u2014or the better insulators.It is for this reason that as far as conduction is concerned liquids are better insulators than solids and gases are the best of all for in the latter the molecules are not in contact with each other and the heat exchange can only be made during the collisions between molecules.Unfortunately, for the purpose of thermal insulation, however, gases and liquids have a tendency to flow and change their position and in this way heat is transferred.This is what we call convection.In it the heat is carried by the movement of the medium itself.The water at the bottom of a tank is heated, becomes lighter in den- os o-4 ke 0 u 3 3 \u201c CompueTivir y \u2014 0 u + < 8 to 12 Dersivy \u2014 Le rer Cu FF Frc.1.\u2014Influence of Density on Conductivity.A.\u2014Bagasse (Finck).B.\u2014Wood Pulp (Finck).C.\u2014 Mean curve (Herter).D.\u2014Mineral wool and Hay wool (Allcut and Ewens).E.\u2014Fibre boards (Niven).F.\u2014Sphagnum moss (Finck).sity and rises to the top transferring heat with it.The quantity of heat transferred in this manner is much greater than that transferred by conduction so that when convection is present liquids and gases are comparatively poor insulators and the aim of most commercial insulators is to make use of a gas in which convection has been eliminated.If the gas can be confined to very small spaces convection currents do not arise since it requires considerable space to build up the necessary density differences.The third method of heat transfer is by means of radiation.This is an analogous method to that by which light is transmitted and in fact the vibrations of the ether by which the heat is radiated are exactly similar to light waves except that they have, in i TECHNIQUE general, a longer wave length.It is by radiation that all the heat reaches the earth from the sun.Heat is transferred by radiation across any air space and even across a vacuum.Radiation is present, of course, in the small air spaces in cellular materials but the WHITE FIORE « ° + ° ° ve = WHITE PINE - RON GRAIN \u201c LIGNUM y VITAE OAK \u201cx .jconareTe ASBESTOS WITH PEBBLES of x - Parkarrin Jf 3 | 2 Bo + \u201c | & x DAK !/ ~ ASHESTOS + & ! Due J 5 = A ZENITH ERM Me PUMICE FURNACE | $78 3 omgxs, gear] «pupoce 3 WHITE wpoo* I ~- / » STO ; BOILER © yo Sens wnisBARd = LEATHER Ï .I RoeBen z \u201cer faprwéoo \u2018coal bust S YM _ .2 pr wobo \u201c Q VIRGINIA PINE / 2 1 O0 7 z / 3 / \u2018press 80 L ASBESTOS - ox ~ 3 CoM onno |! \"cu ousT r A WHITE PINE / t7 veresg fl Tom QvPRES 2 - T4 Pie Enoung PEAT OUST / x + / conkmenT J J *unoLEum sofSAW DY BT MAGNESIA, XAT ale ZONITHERM *AGBESTO APO ot s a woudly, \u201cDRIOMACEOUS EARTH equity \u201cCHAR loAL ARLATY \u2019 Com = Air