The Journal of agriculture and horticulture, 1 avril 1911, samedi 1 avril 1911

[" 5 CIRCULATION, 77,400 \u2014 Eseuiens s,0c0 VOL.14 \u2014 NO 10.Pi APRIL 1st., 1911 R 25 YEARS USK in the Dairies of Half a Million Customers Tee MELOT'TE has demonstrated that it is the EFFICIENT, SERVICEABLE | and PROFITABLE CREAM SEPARATOR ever constructed.The \u2018\u2018Melotte\u2019\u2019 pays its original cost within 12 months from date of purchase in EXTRA CREAM alone, and there is NO COST for repairs.The \u2018\u2018Melotte\u201d skims MORE MILK with LESS POWER in LESS TIME, and under all conditions more effectively than other ercam separators.\u201c\u201cMelottes\u2019\u2019 are ALWAYS READY to separate.Ask your neighbour to prove this statement.Most If you want a Cream Separator, TRY A \u2018\u201cMELOTTE\u201d Then you'll buy it and be a SATISFIED USER.Cap.280-720 Ibs.per hour.It'S à TIME-SAVER, MONEY-EARNER SATISFACTION-CIVER ALL THE YEAR ROUND.! \u201cMelottes\u2019\u2019 are all GUARANTEED to give entire satisfaction, and every machine can be operated before being purchased, when in doubt.Write for NEW RECOMMENDATION BOOKLET which is ALL TRUTH.ADDRESS \u201cSALES MANAGER\", IR.Xx.LISTER & CO.Limited 60 STEWART STREET, TORONTO.Cap.400-1300 lbs.per hour. [I THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE The Right of Way In the bowl of the DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATOR No confusion occurs between the cream and skim-milk currents.The kind thal p Je ases \u2014ine pebpr e COSTS NO MORE THAN THE ORDINARY KI NDS COMPLIES WITH ALL PURE FOOD LAWS Does NOT contain ALUM FULL WEIGHT ONE POUND CANS 25¢ There is a guarded channel for cach, and yet any dilatory fal particles have full opportunity to join the cream current without disturbance in anv way.Each has § its full right of way from entran- @ MADE IN CANADA.The De Laval Separator Go.++ nto, wal iret non he À EWGILLETT cour TORONTO,ONT.; : ac .\u2018 ' cl - A TRS 173-177 William St.machine That\u2019s why the skim > 3 min 1s so perfect.a Mi You Cantt Cut Out \" di 5) A BOG SPAVIN, PUYF or CRU MB (3 eo ) _STAN CH ION MONTREAL VANCOUVER - WINNIPEG GET A CATALOG.THOROUGHPIN, but ** My barn that was BURNED i Was fitted with Crumb\u2019s GILSON ENGINE 33 you work the horse same time.Does! For Certain Service.New improvements in governing, sparking, Yd notblister or remove the hair, Will: cooling and construction.You are safe in buving a Gilson Engine.tell you more if you write.$2,00 per | AS @ positively guaranteed.Allsizes, allstyles.Ask for catalogue-free.J DO BSORBINE.JR.Cimoeok Dirce.; 58,\" writes Mr.\u201csert \\ = a A n pis xi ounded 1850.Gilson Mfg.Co.Ltd., 72 York St., Guelph, Can.BR $1 vottle.Reduces Varicose Veins.Var.| G M, Perte ass ee 3d Acocele, Hydrocele, Ruptured Muscles or Lipn- WALLACE BR.CRUMB.05.Foreatville.Conn.,U.8.A.E i ments, Enlarged Glands.Allays pain quickly, | Canadian orders filled from Canadian factory.cae W.F.YOUNG, P.D.F., 133 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.Al correspondence should be addressed to the home office, LYNANS Ltd., Montreal, Canadian Agents.| State in inquiry if you prefer booklet in French or English.BIRD EPO: + .lregeanncenueene gs\u201d ° eernrd \u201caynsesrerten, i orme IS oe 1 ' t par > À honmrasaons: yrrecoeesy, n IN \u2018 , 4 EPONSÉ / K A 1 errs ERONSE| 2 N WS, ce Teepedes, + A , .1% CU TE Gi GE a VEPONSE Em fn aan KN es i 5 pt hint pt iil lati À 4 UN 4 y 77 % ; À 7e 207 WE ; 7 su i 4 \u201cge ; hi 487 \"7 Va py \u201c > A i sm co wn\u201d À We > V Yo revere.Te NX 7g vy / fo ks 2 = Tn 7, 7 \u2018 = un >.5 WY ST 3 2 a F 2 i 7 à 42 Neponset Paroid Roofing on Monmouth Poultry Farm Will It Last?That is the first question to bc asked about any roofing.Thc only way that 3 question can be answered is by the roofing\u2019s record of past performances.The proof of the durability of a roofing is what it has done.has a record for durability unequaled by any ready roofing on the market.F.W.Bird & Son, the makers of NEPONSET Roofings, originated the ready roofing idea over twenty-five years ago, and into every piece of NEPONSET Roofing has been put the result of over a century's experience of this firm in making similar products.NEPONSET Roofings have been used for years by the Ontario Government, the leading railways, manufacturers and farmers in every part of the country.The popularity of NEPONSET Roofings is the result of proved durability.Let us tell you where there is a NEPONSET Roof in your neighborhood.Go and examine it and learn for yourself how NEPONSET Roofines last.NEPONSET Roofings are made in Canada.Write for Book of Plans of Farm and Poultry Buildings Xx - R * >> EE FTI > ME * to [REET | Uh vu A F.W.BIRD & SON, Makers, 474 Lotteridge Street, HAMILTON, ONT.Established 1795.Originators of Complete Ready Roofings and Waterproof Building Papers Winnipeg Montreal St.John, N.B.Vancouver, B.C.East Walpole, Mass.New York Washington Chicago Portland, Ore.San Francisco TTT RE = Ene Aye.1 meet = i = ; nhs Natives digging and loading asphalt at Trinidad Lake All \u201casphalt roofing\u201d is not Trinidad Lake Asphalt Roof- ing\u2014there\u2019s a great big: difference.Look out for that when you buy your roofing.Ordinary so-called asphalt roof- ings are made of artificial products masquerading as real asphalt.They are nothing more than the residue from petroleum oil or native bitumens made into a black pitch, which is easily affected by changes in weather.Genasco the Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt Roofing is made of genuine mafural asphalt\u2014 perfectly stable and uniform in quality.Trinidad Lake Asphaltis endowed by Nature with #a/ural oils; and they stay init.This gives Genasco its wonderful resistance to rain, snow, sun, wind, heat, and cold\u2014and keeps | it lastingly waterproof.The artificial asphalts have oils sixed with them, but they haven\u2019t the quality of the oils in the natural product; and they soon evaporate and leave the roofing \u2018\u2018dead\u2019\u2019\u2014and it cracks, breaks and leaks, although at the first it may look like Genasco, the real Trinidad-Lake- Asphalt roofing.To make sure of roofing that will permanently protect, ask your dealer for Genasco, the Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt Roofing, with either mineral or smooth surface.Fully guaranteed.The Kant-leak Kleet waterproofs the seams of Genasco Roofing without cement, does away with nail-leaks, and gives the roof an attractive finish.Ask your dealer for Genasco with Kant- Icak Kleets packed in the roll, Write for samples and the Good Roof Guide ook.The Barber Asphalt Paving Company Largest producers of asphalt, and largest manufacturers of ready roofing In the world.Caverhill Learmont & Montreal, Que.: D.200 Yorx st.a a \u201cAES Co.M.Iowden & Co., I.td., London, Ont.Philadelphia San Francisco New York Chicago 4 Cross-section Genasco Model Roofing pg Crushed Quartz Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt Trinidad Lake Asphalt Asphalt-saturated Burlap Trinidad Lake Asplialt CENTRAL ALBERTA FARMS FOR CANADIANS ON EASY TERMS.After first cash payment.one half of annual crop will pay for the land which is the best in the Vermilion River Val- lev.and nn the main line of the Canadian Northern Railway east of Tdmon- ton, the capital of Alberta, and all within 1 to 4 miles of the railway line.We can ive vou better prices for choice lands.than can be obtained from any railway compane in the Northwest.This section of country.situated near the Town of Vermilion a railway divisional point.is rapidly prozressing, ther, havinz been more land broken up in this district in 1910, than during the 5 years previous.NOW is the time to buy.Send for cirenlars and full information, and state vour requirements, to the owners.WILDER SMITH & PHELPS, 586 ST.PAUL S'REET.=- MONTREAL ( Owners are Jas.FE.Wilder of TI.A.THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Poultry Fencing that is Stronger than Seems Necessary We make our poultry fencing close enough to turn small fowl\u2014 then we make it extra strong, so it will last for years and keep the cattle out.The heavy, hard steel top and bottom wires hold it taut and prevent it from sagging.P E E R L ESS POULTRY FENCE SAVES EXPENSE It is well galvanized so as to protect it from rust.It makes such a firm, upstanding fence that it requires less than half the posts needed for the ordinary poultry fence, and that means a big saving to you.Write for particulars.we We make farm and ornamental fences and gates of Ed exceptional quality, Agents wanted where not now represented.M The Banwell Hoxie Wire Fence Co., Ltd.et CE Dept.Q Winnipeg, Man.Hamilton, Ont.row Pivot-Wheel Cultivator, Plow, Furrower and Ridger is the greatest implement ever invented for saving time and money on large crops.Works two rows at one passage, all widths from 28 to of irregular width ; and surprises everyone in check-rows.Cultivates crops up to 5 feet high.Covers two furrows of manure, potatoes or seed at a time.Never leaves open furrows next to plants.The Planet Jr is designed 2 and built by a practical farmer and manufacturer.It #5) simplifies the work and prepares for big results.¥ Strong, compact and lasting.Fully guaranteed, .Write today for 1911 illustrated catalogue of ail = Planet Jrs, including 55 kinds of horse and hand implements for every farm and gar- 4e pl, den need, Mailed free.S L Allen & Co 3G Box 1115V Philadelphia Pay Wilder & Co.L.L.Smith and Walter J.Phelps, formerly Phelps & Smith.) MarwELL CHAMPION x Is The Most Satisfactory Washer Ever Placed On The Canadian Market Last year, Maxwell's \u2018\u2018Champion\u2019\u2019 was the recognized leader of all high speed washing machines.This year, we have put the final touch to it, and offer you the ideal machine, that includes every \u2018important improvement known to modern washers.lA Maxwell's \u2018Champion\u2019 has the largest opening of any washing Ir machine.As you can see, the Wringer attachment 1s at the side, 2 and practically the whole top of the washeropens up, This makes Rey) it easy to put in and take out clothes.No other washer has this feature.No other washer can be worked with crank handle as well as top lever In design, finish and appearance \u2014in ease and quickness\u2014 in service and durability\u2014 I | Have better butter.Use |) Maxwell's \u201cchampion is ais \u201d ital?g \u20ac Ë i Maxwell's \u201cFavourite\u201d Churn.your dealer does not handle Recommended by best butter ft, write us for illustrated makers the world over, More of them used in Canada thananyother.All sizes from 14 to 30 gallons.catalogue.DAVID MAXWELL & SONS, ST MARY'S, ONT, 111 SKIN SUFFERER TRIED EVERYTHING \u2014 THEN 0.0.0.CURED This was the experience of Mrs.Geo.Newman, of Orangeville, Ont.She wrote in Jan., 1910: \u20181 was terribly troubled with eczema on my face, neck and hands for four years.I tried everything I had heard tell of, then saw your advertisement in the paper, sent for a trial bottle of D.D.D., used it on my face and got well.It is now two vears and no return of the eczema.I consider I am cured and it certainly was a blessing to me.\u201d No matter how terribly you suffer from eczema, salt rheum, ringworm or any other skin disease, you will feel instantly soothed and the itch relieved at once when a few drops of this compound of Oil and Wintergreen, Thymo!, Glycerine, ete., is applied.The cures all seem to be permanent, too.For free trial bottle of D.D.D.write the D.D.D.Laboratories, Dept.J.A, 19 Colborne St., Toronto.{For sale by all Druggists.) res wh T = Cam | The CONNOR BALL BICARING WASTIEIR is the Perfect Washer, the Washer that gives galisfaction, and that is guaranteed.lasv to work.and washes runs on Ball Bearings.everything from handker- chiers to heavy articles with rapidity.and thoroughness.You will be astonished to see how per- fectlv clean every article will be.Po not do another washing in the old \u201cBackes breaking\u201d way when we can supply vou with .washer that will cut wash-dav in half.Write for booklet.J.H.CONNOR & SON LEMITED, Ottawa, Ont.Synopsis of Canadian Northwest Land Regulations AMY person who is the sole head of a family, or any inale over 18 years old, may homestead a quarter-section of available Dominion land in Manitoba, Saskatchewan or Alberta.The applicant must appear in person at the Dominion Lands Agency or Sub-Agency for the district.Entry by proxy may be made at any agency, on certain conditions by father, mother, son, daughter, brother or sister of intending homs- steader.Duties.\u2014 Six months\u2019 residence upon and cultivation of the land in each of three years.A homesteader may live within nine miles of his homestead on a farm of at least 80 acres solely owned and occupied by him or by his father, mother, son, daughter, brother or sister.In certain\u2019 districts a homesteader in good standing may pro-empt a quarter- section alongside his homestead.Price $1.00 ner acre.Duties, \u2014 Must reside eix months in each of six years from date of homestead entry (including the time required to earn homestead patent and cultivate tifty acres extra.A homesteader who has exhausted his homestead right and cannot obtain a pre-emption may take a purchased homestead in certain districts.Price $3.00 per acre.Duties \u2014 Must reside six months in each of threes years, cultivate fifty acres and erect a house worth $300.00.WwW.W.CORY, Deputy of the Minister of the Interior.N.B.\u2014Unauthorized publicatton of this advertisement will not be paid for. IV THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE \u201cMarlin™ REPEATING RIFLE Without oo change of a mechanism it CS handles .22 short, long or long-rifle cartridges perfectly.The deep Ballard rifling develops maximum power and accuracy and adds years to the life of rifles.The solid top is protection from defective cartridges\u2014prevents powder and gases from being blown back.The side ejection never lets ejected shells | spoil your bead and allows quick, accurate repeat shots.With simple take- down construction, removable action parts,\u2014least parts of any .22\u2014itis the quickest and easiest to clean.A great vacation rifle.Ask any gun dealer.The 136 page Martér catal .% will help you decide whatrifle Ze Martin Fèrearms @ best suit individual desires.Send 3 stamps for it today.81 Willow Street New Haven, Conn.small game up to 200 yards.0 You Intend To Abandon Your Farm?i In New England there are hundreds of abandoned farms\u2014abandoned because the soil has been drained of its fertility.Had these farms been properly fertilized they would still be producing bounteous harvests.New England farms are not the only ones that are being depleted of fertility.There are thousands of other farms which are rapidly approaching the point where further cultivation will be unprofitable unless some means is adopted to renew the fertility of the soil, If you do not intend to abandon your farm, it will be necessary to supply fertilizer to the soil.It is not only necessary to apply manure, but it is absolutely essential that it be applied evenly and in proper quantities.Manure cannot be spread evenly by hand.Experience has demonstrated that the spreader is the only method by which manure can be applied uniformly.It is just as necessary to exercise judgment in selecting a spreader as it is on any other subject.There are many spreaders on the market.The 1H C spreader has proved its superiority by giving tae users Simmers\u2019 Seeds| COMPLETE VEGETABLE GARDEN COLLECTION.Contains 25 packets of the best Vegetable Seed, sufficient to furnish vegetables throughout the vear, and one packet of Flower Seeds which we will send postpaid to any address in the Dominion of Canada for the extremely low price of $1.00.grees os years of efficient service.With anl H C spreader you BISAN\u2014Simuers\u2019 Giant Wax.PARSNTI\u2014 Improved Hollow can regulate the distribution of manure so as to make BEAT\u2014Blood Turnip.{ rovwned.; .every ounce count.Adjustments can be made to CABBAGE\u2014Vandergaw.PIED} ER\u2014Sweet Spanish.spread a light top-dressing or a heavy covering.This CARROT\u2014Searlet inter uediate.PEAS\u2014American Wonder.is possible because 1 H C spreaders have a wide range CELERY\u2014White Plume.PEAS\u2014Stratagem.of feed, and the long, square, chisel-pointed beater CORN, SWEET-\u2014Cory.- l'UMPKIN\u2014Mammoth.tecth thoroughly pulverize the manurethat is applied.CUCUMRER\u2014 Chicago l\u2019ickle, RADISH \u2014 Scarlet Turnip, White Wide tires and roller bearings insure light draft.CUCUMHER\u2014Long Green.Tipped.1H C spreaders are made in two styles\u2014 SE, LETTUCE\u2014Simpson's Early.SALSIFY \u2014 Mammoth Sandwich | l f ° i RE MUSKMELON \u2014 Montreal Green Island.over ea \u2014Corn King IHC Service Bureau Nutmeg.SQUASH\u2014Summer Urookneck.« WATERMELON\u2014Cuban Queen.SQUASH\u2014Hubbard.Cloverleaf spreaders have endless aprons.Co The Bureau is a TAN ps ry \u201c King machines have return aprons Thèse machines center where the best ONION\u2014Yellow Danvers.PURNIP-Purple \u2019J'op, Strap-leav- < , \u2018 ; LC : s d things T \u2014Pris er.are made with capacity suitable for farms of any size.on the farm, and data ONTON Lrietaker.Curled ed ne \\ i Call on the I H C local dealer and let him show you relating to its devei PARSLEY\u2014Champion Moss Curle TOMATO\u2014Early Ruby.; ; opment, are collected the style and size best saited to and distributed free your purpose, or, if you prefer, [to every one interest- write to nearest branch house for ed in agricultu bu + very available catalogue and full particulars.source ot informa- CANADIAN BRANCHES\u2014International Harvester {00 will be used n Company of America at Brandon,Calgary, Edmon- A far questions ton, Hamilton, Lethbridge, London, Montreal, North a ot arm to Jec Te Battleford, Ottawa, Regina.Saskatoon, St.Jobn, 1e questions à Weybura, Winnipeg, Yorkton.gent to the ! Be International Harvester Company of will receive prompt merica Chicago US A attention.(Incorporated) And packet Wild Garden Flower Sced Mixture.Also a copy of Simmers\u2019 Vegetable and Flower Garden (New Edition)\u2018 and a copy of our Handsome 1911 SEED CATALOGUE, which in itself is a mine of valuable information.DON'T MISS THIS.\u2014\u2014 v tars or Lg + J.A.SIMMERS Limited, Seeds, Plants, Bulbs.Toronto, Ont.c : > Frost & Wood No.3 Binder « LINIMENT GENEAU DR PARRIQUE Has a Strong \u2018Back Bone\u201d \u2018No more Dropping into a furrow harder than intended, or accidently strickine a FLAME PIC replacing FLAME without pain nor + hair falling.: Quick and sure relief of : boulder, does not \u2018\u2018wreck\u2019\u2019 our No.8\u2014because it is built to stand more \u201chard knooks\u2019 than a binder is commonly supposed to encount- \u2018 er.The No.3 Main Power Frame\u2014the binder\u2019's \u2018\u2018back bone\u2019\u2019\u2014 No more = consists of heavv pieces of steel firmly rivetted together.Halting ! The Platform is connected to the Main Power Frame by DEFECTS.Swan - skins, 7 4 , a Double Steel Brace (see illustration).Hard work and Sprains, Strains, vessigons, obstruction = \\ rough ground have no effect on this brace.Certainly, of the lefs, Suros, Spavin, etc., etc.possibilitv ni it sagging.Indeed, every single part of | , (a the No.3 is of the best material.securelv bolted, rivet- GENEAU'S Pharmacy, 165 8t.Honoré St, PARIS.7 | fc D ted or welded to some other part.It's the QUALITY, FROST J W00D ®, | Co 9 ç in material and workmanship, that we .put into our ; « NS ; binders that nnables them to beat, bv five times over.® the two or three seasons\u2019 durabilitv-record of other 9 I I 1 \\ À 2 \u2018 binders.Whv.We know owners (names on request) of Frost & Wood binders who have Write for Binder Catalogue K.run their machines for 12 to 15 55 and become thoroughly fam- H ay, Clove Y / \\ y, \u2018\u2018Canadian\u2019\u2019 conditions are \u2018different\u2019 from those prevalent i.other countries.It is well for the \u201cCanadian\u201d farmer to remember this.ITe will find it will pay him t.purchase from a Canadian Com- panv who know the reauirements of the different sections and who build their machines accordinely.The Frost & Wood Co.have been manufacturing Farm Imvblements for the last 70 vears and have the es i acticallv no ex- a 3 J Vense except for sections and oil.A retion Tat ois The No.3 cuts, binds and ties strongest vet Seeds E t C.\u2018 all kinds of erain f lightest 3 -whether light.~ HPS .foary, shoTL novel Ve \\ pinder Special Prices on request.long.broken of verv best and most brosperous farmers as customers lodged.Jus nn 2 ; » \\ Guaranteed extra quality : as% Frost & Wood orvunization covers Canada from quitter \u2014neverx DEN ER stay) Jk for prics.delivered at our own | Atlantic to Pacific.Branch Warehouses in New moes to the fence.eZ - Spo expenses.i Westminster.Calrarv.Fdmonton, Regina.Bran- You .lwavs can LR À ia Also vegetable, flowers sends, a don, Winniner \u2018Toronto.london, Ottawa.Sher- count unon the ELA Hel etc.I'ree catalogue.brooke.Montreal.Quebec.St, John.Truro and No.8 to do more eI > [El \\/ - ; Charlottetown.Your \u2018\u201c\u2018local\u2019\u2019 agent can thus on than its share o à Als 43 5 UN HECTOR L.DERY, § RE LE Meche Ito the nara worker (TITRA j ; imself) & Wood Machi onn \u2018| ei.FS .i Miereol that von mae desire, C0 ocnme oF part Canadian Tar Go SIILILAN = No.48 Jacques Cartier Square vesting, MONTREAL.The FROST & WOOD CO., Limited NE SMITH'S FALLS, CANADA.par THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Vv Fi.\u201cgoa to protect - exacts of galvanized Unless it fully protects H sheet metal that it buys.q \" 7 what it covers, a roof is not really a roof.And One detail of these tests : = à only a metal-shingled-roof re juires a coating of can possibly really pro- 98 p.c.pure zine.Another, that é INVESTIGATE the metal stand blending double The \u201c LONDON \u201d Gas or Gasoline Engine i acking alvaniz- ; without cracking the galva h Shipped complete with all the gasoline, ing a particle.A third, thut t e water and muffler connections made.metal must stand FOUR ip- Ready to connect battery wires and pings into acid without showing start as soon as uncrated.signs of corrosion.There are Catalogue 17 Go tells you.still other tests and ONLY the 5.1 1-2\u20142 1-2\u20143 1-2\u20145 U.1*, self contained.PRESTON SHINGLES, LONDON GAS POWER CO., LTD.of them all, Can pass : London.- Canada.these tests.Formerly, SCOTT MACHINE CO., Limited.Agent fer Quebec, THOMAS BIETAIR, 914 Nolre Dame St, Montreul.tect the contents of the building it covers.For no other roofing is proof against all the elements or nearly so long-lived\u2014or so economical.which metal shingle ?There are several makes of metal shingles to choose from, Any one better than wood, slate, or ready roofing of any kind.Any One of them will outlast thes: roofing materials and give far better service.But\u2014as with all things man makes\u2014there is one better than the rest.We make it.5 why Preston surpasses em Preston Safe Lock Shingles will The principle of .; this side-lock makes Eive you better roof-service, a big diuference in bigger value for your money, roofing.Mav Wwe and completer satisfaction for tel! you about it ; ; by mail.two reasons.One is that these are the ONLY metal shingles so made that they pass the harsh (almost .unreasonable) tests the British Government Metal Shingle (à Siding Company, Limited 27 mn = * a yet the cost is the same YOU pay about the same price for the ordinary metal shingle as for ours.Anc it 1s a ee The Preston top- Ë J little price, considering lock\u2014 where the the roof - service they big strain co- / give.But you, natur- Nes on .metal ally, would prefer to get shingle \u2014 is 6 worth knowing most - for - your - money\u2014 about.Ask, as we all do.Therefore, you & 4 9 should, before vou roof at all, 4, EWING learn about all the other metal y/ shingles \u2014 and about ours.The A e book that will inform you a ; Reliable Laurel St.Factory is ready to mail to you.p A } ¥ | Just a post card from you A .PRESTON, ONTARIO, and will bring it.A | Seeds MONTREAL, QUE.@ B RES QU .\u2026.aguecs J HEE Every seed you sow fries to reproduce its ancestors, in size, shape and flavor.But examine the seed as closely as you will, you cannot tell whether these parent plants were good or bad.on Manager SAFE-LOCK SHINGLES pe rer EE EEE Ha À .of J crime You have to trust your gS ; seedsman for it.DAN he ca =p Pi EATS IT You'll never go astray RA SE \\ CHV sn) if you trust Ewing's PATCH 8 1 SE 7 SRN Seeds.They 3 LS ; hod ae 1 7 4 : 4 * TA Er ROR PATENTS S TRES : PES mm TUM 2:05 SO rrrrre, i ; 2 à ne hb) 3 oT TRE TTT aù a es Ir Zz Se Te EEE 0 tan Il | ; 777 i PAR 8 \u201c Sen Ee 1 == 1K Zz i [ Be a} TN Ewing\u2019s Record Yi ca ES Li 8 J Z| 3 1 Ne For cver forty years we : y (\\ I H ; g Vs a EN x VE [ f UN NN ling Field Riss ce te tg ou, A tigi Cr SE NS) h ave been se ing 1elq, TEE gp > Ÿ ) GY Y= RE by Rs Flower and Garden { MAILED FREE NA Sis SNA A INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD Seeds here in Canada, Ï BEAUTIFUL SIX COLOR PICTURE OF NESS Oto yo\" THE GREAT ANIMAL TONIC so people have had : DAN FPA TCH 1:55 é y Is sold by over 100,000 dealers on a spot cash lenty of chance to prove 5 (SIZE 16x22 INCHES) f À guarantue that the use of one ton will make E y , OR liable ** - ; ; 1e vou a net profit of $360 over its costs, or wing's ellabie AS ed te sulky and ready Tor a mile In 1154 7 = Oh Gi that 100 pounds will make vou $18 net pro- ds ; is P \u2018 Lp , 1f it ever fails your money will he promptly re- Seeds.ge #7 You must name This Paper and state how much \u2014 funded.International Stock Food is a strongly con- ) The result is that last J 1ve Slock you own.centrated medicinal preparation composed of roots, Ë Write to us for this Picture herhs, seeds, barks.ete., and is equally good for hor- year we sold far more # ses, colts, cows, calves, hogs, pigs, sheep, goats, etc.¥ INTERNATIONEE 53 oop 0D Co.td Toronta.Canada.It is fed in smali amounts mixed \u201cwith grain and puri- than ever before.Could PART A DETTE ù ° hd ind fies the blood, tones up and strengthens the system and you ask for a better proof tn , \u2018 » ; : vreatly aids digestion and assimilation, so hat eac ; vr Savage.sole owner of \u201cInternational Stock anfmal obtains more nutrition from all food taken.It is of quality ?! positively Guarantees that His World Famous Cham- n:t the amount of grain fed but the amount assimilated Don't take chances! Ë° pion Stallons.Dan Patch 1: 55, Crescens 2: 021, Minor Soc ten pose em that énttens or keeps your Get the seeds you know 3 Heir and Arion 2:07% 4nd his brood mares and colts eat it every day.You are specially invited to visit this Great Harness Horse Breeding l\u2018arm ten miles Food increases assimilation it will save you money.It will make vou more money than vou Can pessibly make without its use.Jt also cures and prevents many forms will turn out right\u2014 Ewing's Reliable.from Minneapolis, and see the practical results of an : y ; ; ; J the every day.use of the erentest purely\u201d vevctabi ee ee ca er rl MAN Send now for our Ssod and strongly endursed by ever Two million of & (orSed by over two million farmers who have used it Nustrated Catalogue, ad ) RY i h vea oO arm paper wi e vou ; the mst un-to-date Stockmen and Horse Breeders that we do exactly as we agree, and as reference wa and if your dealer of the world.g?e vou the Traders Bank of Canada.hasn't Ewing's order PROVED ITS INVALUABLE WORTH.Kcho, Alta, 10-10-10.i di t from us | The International Stock Food Co., Toronto, Ont.\u2014Gentlemen : I feel in honor bound to offer you my testimonial irec * Wa in favor of your Stock Food.I have used ft faithfully this suminer and proved its invaluable worth.It made my pigs WM.EWING & CO, grow.the results were simply marvelous.7 would not be without it for anvthing.My horses got a very nasty distem- Seedsmen per cough in the spring, but the food cleaned it completely out of their system and thev went through the Spring i work fine and came out of it rolling fat.Please duplicate my last order.Mrs.Coe requests me to tell vou that vour À McGILL STREET, ! Poultry Food is excellent, that feeding your Poultry Food doubles the quantity of esgs.in fuct, it could not be bet- MONTREAL.11 ter for exg product?on and kceping the fowl healthy.\u2014Yours sincerely (sgd.) Alf.R.COE.SEE OUR DEALERS, or WRITE US with regard to our FREE TRIAL OFFER me V1 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE \u2014\u2014 \u2014 an a2) r\u2014 wo\" CLASSIFIED ADS A spru ete as 120 SU x 20; shed, 25 x JU t.shop, 25 x 20, with tools for iron and d works, water jn all buildings; 16 Woo shee farm chur gantic town, son; Ler.proprietor, lHopolis, Que., or Hy 266 acre farm for sale at IV fopolis, I\u2019.Q., 85 ucres in cultivation, 85 acres In pasture, the balance in ce, cedar, wild cherry-trer, «te.House 10 x 30 It.with exten sion kitchen 16 x 16 ît., well finished, on 7 Teel high stone foundation ; sheepfold, Ilacksmith x dort; stable, 120 x 16 ; p, 16 cows, 1 young cattle, 2 antic.inrplements and all riggs, a mile from school, 2 miles from roman catholic ch and boat which runs to Lake Me- I'rice $5,000.00.Sale's rea- the jroprictor too old to look af- Apply to Mr.Romain Cousineau, Wid.Le- , Farmers\u2019 club sceretury, lake Me- timber, maple, barn horses, FRUIT TREES FOR SALE A VPLES, plums, cherries, currants, 4} gooseherries, raspberries, strawberries, grapes, ete.Healthy trees, flowers, shrubs ruses, cic.Apply to KLIS HARDY, Nurseryman, St-Alban, Co.l\u2019ortneuf Pl\u2019.Q.RIC YOU INTERESTED IN GET- FA PING RICH 9 11 so, please give a real attention to the offer we make to all farniers of the province of Quebec, We'll give vou the opportunity to make beautitul, to improse vour property, Lo plant very cheaply a fine orchard.We ll furnish you fine plants ol appletree, grafted on root, ready to be put in nursery ut S600 jer 10U, the best varieties of apples l\u2018uameuse, \u2018\u201cMeln- tosh led\u201d \u201cWealthy, \u201c\u201cDuchesse\u2019\u201d\u2019, \u201cPeach Apple\u2019, Yellow Transparente\u2019.We guarantee our plants as very rustic, the most rastic of the I'rovince of Quebec.In making this offer of good apple tree at $6.00 per 100, we hope that the tree planters will take advantage of àt; PURE BREED POULTRY | ARRED BOCKS, Buff, - White Wyandottes, l\u2019artridre Wyandottes S.C.Brown Leghorns, S,C.White Leghorns, Black Cocnin Bantams, Silver Selbrights.Mostly all birds prized at Montreal, Quebec and shows.Their eggs only for sule at $2.00 a setting.J.B.A.ROY, St.Pie, Qué.Ottawa, Sherbrooke biz Jor SALIS\u2014At moderate price, many ; young Chester pigs, pure bred, registered, born in last February.Apply to ALBIERT MEUNIER, St.Michel, Rouge- mont, Co.Rouville, I\u2019.Q.Fe\" SALE, \u2014 A farm in the village of St.Basile le Grand \u2014 160 acres of line land at 5 acres from Church, A iron the (C.FT.R, Station, with good buildings and fences, no stones, water in all buildings.lasy terms.Apply to Orpingtons,.! lust fall, an average yicld of 12 to this investment.Thos: plunts.See the dif- prices amd judge yourself on plants are ready anyone sending his ut mental Nursery of Rougemont, Pl.Q.EDMOND TRUDEAU) St.Basile ie Grand also those who cannot pay $10, per hun- Co.Chambly.dred for three years \u2019 cleared, rest in bush, FOR SALE A \u201cTICHORKE, white and red.grown in ( | - the Dr.tiwignon's fields.having gi- ference in ven, 15 lbs by plant.J'ricee $2.00 a bushell to be delivered to of 60 Ths, Apply to JOSEPH S.LAN- order.Write at once GEVIN: Cote St.f£mmanuel, Co.Soulan- ves, 1 Q.pps te Colonies wanted.| pay cash.1°.A.ALLIEN, Philipsburg Que.pure bred and K\" MK SALE.\u2014Young Yorkshires registered.JARM FOR SALE.\u2014 Within the boun- ; duries of the Town The Depart- wile from Post Office, 100 acres, 60 acres with good frame buildings, Dwelling House, and Barn 700t x 3d51t, good water and within pigsi, of Churchs, Schools, Saw PL Apply Factory, 2 Railroad Stations, last, \u2018to ALPILONSE ROULEAU, farmer, St.Terms casv.(regyoire, Co.Nicolet.of Megantic, mills, Apply to M.MORRISON, Jr, Ness Hill, Jake Megantie, Que.V QE.Au Fe Se LX a Gi Pan 9 i J li We Se y ih Te CON 10 oe ad A Pl) Ari Yim , 4 ; à wil! Hi il y Il air Tr YER A THE BOOK DESCRIBES EVERY STEP IN DETAIL N the organization and construction of rural telephone lines, this book \u2018How to Build Rural Telephone Lines.\u201d is a practical guide.It is a carefully classified volume, covering everything you need to know, from the inception of the idea to the moment the telephone is hanging on your own wall, ready for yon to use.No question on the building of rural telephone lines can possibly arise without your being able to find the answer to it in this volume.It offers explanation on every point\u2014the solution for every problem, If you are even the least bit interested in the subject, all you have to do is to clip, sign and mail the coupon and We Will Send You FREE This Book on \u201cHowto Build Rural TelephoneLines Bear in mind that you have to ask for this volume to get it.This book represents 100 wofusely illustrated pages of vital facts, bound in stiff, cloth-covered bindings.Apart entirely from the cost of printing and binding, this book represents the brain work of experienced telephone men\u2014has cost Us so much money that we really ought to make, a charge for it, So long as the edition lasts, however, we are willing to send it FREE to every farmer, who by using the coupon, signifies that he is interested in the subject.This book is very frank; it tells you exactly what you can do, what you must do and what you 400 The Northern Electric & Manufacturing Co., Limited Gentlemen, Please send me FREE, onc copy of vour 100 page, bound and illustrated book on \u201cHow to Build Rural Telephone Lines\u201d.way Plants.Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Regioa Calgary Vancouver cannot do; you will bx interested in the straightforward way in which it comes out with vital information.Systems of rural telephone lines are spreading a network throughout thie Dominion in the form of community-owned companies.Sooner or later someone will or- anize such a system in your locality.Why shouldn\u2019t you be the man to do it?In any event you owe it to yourself to know all there is to know about this subject.Better send the coupon NOW, while you are thinking about it.235 \"NordbenLJlecrie ann MANUFACTURING CO.umiteo Manufacturer and supplier of all apparatus and equir- ment used in the construction, operation and maintenance of Telephone; Fire Alarm and Electric Rail- Address our house nearest to you.= fou SALE.\u2014 Ayrshire cattle of all J age; Chester white young pigs born and May, also Leicester to FELIX PROVOST: in January sheep.Apply \u201cVarennes, Co.Verchères, Que.H ATCHING EGGS FOR SALE.\u2014 Æ à From the best breeding strains as follows ; White and Barred Plymouth Rocks, White Leghorns, one dollar, a brood of 15 ezgs.I\u2019ekin ducks, one dollar, a brood of 10 eggs.Tggs are sent free from breakage ; money must be sent with the order.Apply to P.I.PAQUETTE, farmer, Rougemond, Que.F[ATCIMNE FEGGS : seven Varieties of - pure bred-hen, very healthy, acclimated in cold hen-house.On the 20 of J'ehruary, our eggs in incubator have given an average of 5 chicks out of 13 eps.Our large hen-house, covering a land of 2,000 feet long contains more than 500 hens.There are some Buff Or- pingtons, Barred Plymouth Rocks, White Wyandottes, Silver Wyandottes.White Leshorns, C.S.Golden Leghorns, C.S., Houdans |.exhorn eges worth one dollar a brood of 13 ezgs and the other breeds $1.25 u brood of 13 eggs.This farm known as \u2018\u201c\u201cChanteclere I'arm\u2019 is the pro- pertv où Mr.Hubert J'esjardins.Visitors are always welcome.The Pe IN Street Car run ulong the hen-house.Apply to MICHEL PROVOST, Manager.Maisonneuve, near Mo.T.asalle College.Jpn BREED, Ohio Improved Chester White Swine for sale.I\u2019rice $6.00.Six dollars each, form six tg eight weeks old, Both sex.Apply II.J.CLARENCE STANDISH, Rougemont, Qué.TDOULTRY BANDS, made of aluminium._ 25 for 20cts, 50, 35c., 75, 50c., 100, 65c., 175, for $1.00.Samples free, FRANK CROSS, Montague, Massachusetts, U.S, A.FOR SALE Pie BRED Chester White pigs bred from high grade stock.Price $6.00 each.with registered pedigree.JOHN I.STANDISH, Rougemont, Que.QTRAWDBELRLT ES ( William) 30c a MN doz.mulberries (Savder) 5c a doz.; raspberries (Cuthtert) 73c a doz.Postpaid.S.C.Waod, Turniffe, Ont.\u201cINSURANCE\u201d UE FEDERAL INSURANCE DE- \u2019 PARTMENT'S BLUE BOOK, Proves that The Mutual Life of Canada earns larger liividends for its Members than anv other Company.Single or Joint Life and Indowment J\u2019olicies with the most Liberal Conditions.Should there be no agents of the Company in your locality address all inquiries for information to \"M1IJSODORE ANGLOIS, I'rovincial Manager, Rooms & 5 \u2018Star\u2019 Bldg., 171 St.James treet, MONTREAL.TLRIC DESCHAMPS, Ayrshires cattle breeder, has for sale some stock of all ages ; registered Chesterwhite pigs ; calves of 15 registered Ayrshires cows which will calve in March next.Repenti- yny Co, L'Assomption, Que.A PAYING POSITION \\ ANTED\u2014AGENTS, FULL OR PART \\ time, $15 to $25 salary or commis- slon paid weekly : nice clean work: no experience required ; all supplies free ; splendid opportunity to 1 etter your pcesi- tion or make dollars in spare time.Write to-day for special offer.The Dery & Sun Co., Montreal, St.Charles Herds Yorkshire Swine We are ofivring a choice lot of young stock of different age.Both sex, show stock à specialty : we ship to order und guarantee satisfaction.WAM.TAIT, St.Laurent.pear Montreal, OUR TEEKTH are Beautiful f } Natural and Guaranteed Franco-American Dental Institute, (INCORPORATED) 162 St.Denis Street, Montreal AND SHEEP LABELS Metal ear labels with owner's name, address, and any numbers required, Write for free circular and sample.F.G.JAMES, Bowmanville, Ont.ie -< THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE VII 4 he Deering Binder Picks up Down and Tangled Grain On the Deering Binder the guards are so placed that the machine can be tilted to cut close to the ground without pushing trash and stonesahead of the » knife.This means that the Deer- ing Binder picks up down grain.The Deering Reel can easily be adjusted high, low, forward, or backward, to save grain in all conditions, short, tall, standing, down, or tangled.It can be shifted quickly to push short grain and green undergrowth from the guards to the platform canvas.The Deering Binder is equipped with a third packer.It reaches up close to the elevator and pulls down the grain to the other two packers, preventing choking at the top of the elevator.The new Deering breast plate is designed to permit the needle to enter without pulling straws through the breast plate on to the bill hook.This also eliminates choking at this point.The third discharge arm is a very effective aid in throwing out en DUREE POLE LA ICE the bound sheaves and assists in separating the tangled grain of the bound sheaves from the unbound grain on the binder deck.The binder shifter lever is directly in front of the driver, and convenient to operate.There are many other features of Deering Binders which you ought to know about.The Deering agent in your town will tell you all the facts.If you prefer, write direct to the nearest branch house below for catalogue.Deering mowers, rakes, and other harvesting and haying machines and tools are as efficient as the binders.Ask to see them.EASTERN CANADIAN BRANCHES: \u2014Interna- tional Harvester Company of America, at Hamilton, Ont.; London, Ont.; Montreal, Quebec; Ottawa, Ont.; St.Jobn, N.B International Harvester Company of America (Incorporated) Chicago I H C Service Bureau The purpose of this Bureau is to furnish farmers with information on better farming.If you have any worthy questions concerning soils, crops, pests, fertilizer, etc., write to the I H C Service Bureau, and learn what our experts and others have found out concerning those subjects.ND The DERY'S CHOICEST SEEDS ; L ÿ LOG Aro used, every year, by over 25,000 Canadian Farmers.if you want to know why the DERY'S CHOICEST SEEDS are so popular, ask for our new FRENCH CATALOGUE which will be SENT FREELY; it contains 250 pictures and the 2000 best va rieties for our climate.SPECIAL OFFER AS A PROOF (Tn order to make profit of that offer, send at once your order.) FOR 8uc UIl send without charge, 6 new vegetable varieties, 45c¢ worth, viz: , 1 l\u2019ackage ol each \u201cround shell Bean\u201d, Model\u201d 10c : \u201cCorn Peep-o-day 5e: \u2018\u2018Beet New \u201cMelon Irondequoit\u201d 10c ; \u2018Peas Le Premier\" 5c : \u2018\u2019Tomato Alpha rose\u201d 10c.\u2018TOTAI, 45e, the whole for 30 c besides a free package of the big red onion as above Mlustrated and our new french catalogue.You dont run risk in sowin~ the Dery\u2019 Choicest Seeds.25,000 canadian farmers are ready to tell vou that they are the hest on the market.Apply to IXECTOIR L.48 Jacques Cartier Square.DERRY, (Box 912) Montreal CONGO NEVER LEAK.RO OFING- F = fe - NRC En i 3 = res Re \u2014 2e SRE ES IE Afr pa => pro \u2014 ss 3 T= s cesse = ; == = SIRES POE mr rer Congo on Armour\u2019's Fertilizer Works, Buena Vista, Va.Guaranteed Till 1921 FP HE year 1921 is a long way off, but a Congo 2-ply Roof laid in 1911 will be still in good condition then.We can't do more than that to assure you that Congo really will last ten vears.When a man buys Conro he buys T , .- - .We don\u2019t merelv sav that Congo 10 years of protection.will last ten vears : we guarantee it Congo is easy to lay.Nails, cement, ~nd rust proof calvanized iron Our guarantee is not a mere for- cars free in centre of each roll.mal \u2018\u201c\u201cWe-say-so\u2019\u2019 ; it is a genuine Surety Bond issued by the National Copv ol 10 year Guarantee Bond Surety Company of New York.and further information on request.Congoleum We should like to send every reader of this paper a sample of Congoleum for Flooring and Wainscotine.1f is fittad for use in homes, stores and offices.It is a perfect imitation of light and golden oak.Its surface has a high polish.Jt is unusually dur able.The price is very low.Samples and Jurther details mailed free on request.5 UNITED ROOFING & MFG.CO., Philadelphia, Pa.Starke-Sevhold Limited.Montreal ; Mechanics Supply Co., Quebec ;S.Hayward Co., St.John, N.-B; ; Hobbs Hardware Co., London, Ont.\u201cTime works great changes\u201d But there are some changes you can prevent.If you want to make money and at the same time save money, you should look after the wooden things around the farm.Paint should be your best friend.For instance, is the woodwork of your wagon warped and checked?You know what it means if it is\u2014the life of the neglected wagon is not much more than 6 years, when it should be 18 to 20 years.You ask, \u201cHow can this be done?\u201d By getting out your paint pail and painting your wagon twice a year, It will require about 2 gallons of paint and about 4 hours of your time.| In 5 years\u2019 time you will save between $30 and $50 on your wagon.This is also true of your plows, rakes, and other wooden implements.The Little Paint Man.SHERWIN-WILLIAMS PAINTS & VARNISHES Sherwin-Williams Paint, Prepared (SWP) is made from pure white lead, pure zinc, pure linseed oil, and the necessary coloring pigments and driers.Sherwin - Williams Varnishes are made from the best gums, pure linseed oil, pure turpentine, are thoroughly aged.THE SHERWIN-WiLLIAMS Co.1070 PAINT AND VARNISH MAKERS i MONTREAL TORONTO WINNIPEG VANCOUVER Pe VIII THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Y oa ix Gasoline and Petroleum Motors The simplest, safest and the most useful for the farmer, for threshing grain, cutting wood, separating cream, etc.Our engine is the only one running with common petroleum which you can secure everywhere, it is cheaper than gasoline.Always ready to run, and no danger of fire or explosion.Wa give every desirable guarantee Write at once for circular and prices.Good agents wanted.PAUL LAIR, 149 Moreau St., Montreal, Que.EN Para CANADIAN POTATO MACHINERY CO., Ltd, POTATO PLANTER IF YOU WANT DURABILITY, RELIABILITY AND SIMPLICITY, YOU GET THEM IN THKE 0.K.CANADIAN.Tt requires only one team and man to plant your crop.Its automatic cup device does not puncture or bruise the seed in any way : handles it almost as carefully as by hand.Write for our 1911 Catalogue.{15 Stone Road, GALT, Ont CANADA CEMENT COMPANY LIMITED Annual Report of the Board of Directors TO THE SHAREHOLDERS Your directors beg to present herewith the annual statement of the affairs and financial position of the Canada Cement Company, Limited, as of the 3lst December, 1910.In presenting the Balance Sheet, we call attention to the Company's strong financial position as disclosed by the large amount of cash on hand, and other quick assets, and the comparatively small amount of current liabilities.After providing for interest on our Bonds and Dividends on our Preferred Stock for the year, we have been able to set up reserves for depreciation, extraordinary repairs and renewals, bad debts, ete., and carry forward a substantial balance to Surplus Account.The cousumption of cement during the past vear was not as large as anticipated.Our business also suffered on account of the Railways not being able to meet our full require ments for ears during the heavy shipping season ; consequently, we carry over from last year 781,116 barrels ol cement.[carly in 1910 the price of our product was fixed at a lower price than cement had ever been sold for in Canada, excepting for a short period in 19049, but vour Directors are pleased to state that the anticipated savings in manufacturing and distributing our products were such that they were able to still further reduce this price.We trust, when you consider the CANADA CEMENT COMPANY LIMITED | \u201cabove mentioned conditions, and also the fact that during 1910 our plants were only operated to 57.6 per cent.of their capacity, the profits shown | will be satisfactory to the Shareholders.During the current year, we look for a larger natural demand, which demand will be stimulated by continuing to manufacture a strictly high grade article, and by selling it at the lowest possible price.This anticipated increase will enable us to operate our plants to better advantage than in the past, but we do not expect that the demand will be sufficient to enable us to put into opeta- tion either of these two plants which have been idle since the organization of this Company.However, it is confidently expected that the increased demand, and increased output, will result in further savings in the cost of manufacture and distribution, and it is the policy of your Directors to give your customers the benefit of these reductions.The Sharcholders\u2019 profits will depend on the increased volume of the Company's business, the policy of the Company being the maintenance of such a slable position as will insure regular and uniform payments of interest on its bonds and dividends on its Preferred stock, and at the same time be in a position to withstand any unforeseen emergency that may arise consequent on business depression or otherwise, which condition \"naturally necessitates the accumula - tion of, and the maintenance of, a | large cash reserve.It is also the policy of the Company to equalize the price of cement throughout Canada in so far as the physical conditions make such possible, and in furtherance of this policy, vour Directors have arranged to purchase a site near Winnipeg, on which they will erect, this year, a mill to grind clinker, which clinker will be shipped from one of our Icastern mills The buildings, machinery, ete., will he planned so that, should it at any time in the future be advisable, a Burning Department can be added,and the clinker produced on the properly.And further, an agreement has been cntered into whereby this Company vxpects lo acquire, in the near future, a property at lExshaw, which, added to our Calgary plant, and the projected plant at Winnipeg, will put us in the position of anticipating any extraordinary growth in the consumption of cement in the Great West.With the view of educating the puy blic, and popularizing the use of ce- | ment, in addition to the ordinary advertising, the Company has published a small book illustrating some of the many uses to which cement may be put, for which book there has been a great demand, 25,000 applications for | same having been received during the past six months.For the purpose of stimulating terest in the Company on behali in- of | Balance Sheet, December 31, 1910 ASSETS PROPERTY ACCOUNT.a.$27,134,786.92 INVESTMENTS (at cost, .113,800.00 CURRENTS ASSIS Inventories of Cement.Clinker, Coal and Supplies.$1,270,671.28 Accounts Receivable, .À ; $4 36,839.20 T,1ESS : .Reserve for doubtful accounts.10,982.30 425,856.90 Bills Receivable .-_\u2014 6,325.06 Deposits of Tenders 14,428.98 Cash., .916,169.90 2,633,450.12 DEFERRED CHHARGES TO OPERATIONS.35,503.69 $29,917,540.73 LIABILITIES CAPITAL STOCK Authorized : Preference\u2014110,000 Shares, 7 per mulative of $100 each., cent Cu- $11,000,000.00 Ordinary\u2014190,000 Shares of $100 pach.19,000,000.00 $30,000,000.00 Issued : Preference\u2014105,000 Shares, 7 per cent Cumulative of $100 each.$10,500,000.00 Ordnary\u2014135,000 Shares of $100 each.|.13,800,000.00 $21,000,000.00 BONDS : Authorized Issued.Cee CURRENT LIABILITIES ; RESERVE FUNDS : Depreciation Cotton Sacks Ontstanding.SURPLUS : Balance as at December 31, 1909.Iixtraordinary Repairs and Renewals.| $1,03 5,000.00 vhe Employes, both in efficiency and cheapening production, as well as creating a feeling of mutual goodwill, your Directors deem it expedient to introduce a system, already adopted by several large industrial corporations with beneficial results, viz., to enable employées to become the possessors où Preferred and Common Stock at prices which will be attractive to them, the employes paying a fixed amount per share per month out of their earnings, and the Company carrying the stock for them, charging a rate of 5 p.c.interest.If the plan is put into effect, all dividends will be credited to the employes applying for the stock.Said stock will be held in trust for the employe for a term of five years, excepting in ex- ceplional cases, such as death, when his heirs will receive what benefit a deceased employe has derived from subscribing to the stock.Your Directors feel that the policy, as herein outlined, will, as nearly as possible, make the interests of the consumers, the employes, and the shareholders identical, and will inure to the most enduring and beneficial results for all concerned.All of which is respectfully submitted.On behalf of the Board of Directors, WILLTAM C.EDWARDS, President.I RST MORTAGE 6 PER CENT 20 YEAR GOLD S 8.0060,900.00 5,000,000,00 Accounts Payable.2144410224 11141, 8 235796.50 Bond Interest accrued December 31, 1910, | | 75,000.00 Preferred Dividend accrued payable February 16, 1., Coe eee a 183,750.00 Proviston for Employes Stock Distribution Plan 25,000.00 539,546.00 $100,000.00 50,000.00 10.000.00 160,000.00 3 73,296.39 : Ada: Net Profits for vear ending December 31.1910.81,177,697.84 Deduct © Bond Interest, ; 300,000.00 Preferred Dividend 735,000.00 112,697.81 217,994.23 Montreal, Que., January 31, 1911, We have examined the Books and Accounts of the Canada Limited, for the fiscal year ending Decem ber 31, opinion.the above Balance Sheet is properly drawn up so as to show a true and correc! view of the financial position as at December 31, ( Signed) $29,917,540.7¢ Cement Company.1910.and certify that in our 1910.PRICE, WATERHOUSE & CO., Chartered Accountants (Fngland). THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE IX AME CORMICK 3 | A Simple Knotter T McCormick knotter is a revelation of simplicity fn construction, accutacy in tying, and ease of adjustment.Only two moving parts constitute the working mechanism.There is no straining or pull- inzof thetwine because the twine holder feeds the twine in the direction the knotter hook turns._#\u201d The cutter bar has guards in such g pu a position that the machine can be wn tilted to cut close to the ground without pushing trash and stones ahead of the knife, It cuts smoothly and perfectly in all conditions of grain, The McCormick reel has a wide range of adjustment.It successfully meets the conditions encountered in any field, whether the grain is tall or short, standing, down, or tangled.Grain filled with green undergrowth is forced upon the platform.The McCormick floating elevator handles grain of any length or weight without clogging, even when the grain.is filled with vines or green undergrowth.There are many other features and advantages of McCormick binders.The McCormick agent will tell 4 RLS DOF ESS [AS SOA ES EN \u201cTHIS IS THE @ 3 = ROOFING THAT DS NEEDS NO PAINTING\u201d Frequently the cost of | I 1H C painting a roofing amounts to almost enough to buy a Service Bureau The purpose of J ay new Amatite Roof.à this Bureau is to you about them.| He will tell you about the wonderful MATITE means more with information strength of each individual part and of the strength of h h d Amatite can be laid right op better farming.the binder as a whole\u2014of the skilled workmanship to the man who needs .vont any ; ., over shingles, tin or other worthy questions backed by many years of experience that enters into a roofing than just merely something to put on the top the construction of every McCormick binder.Why not = : _ crops, pests, ferti- ready roofings.The direct l'zer, etc.writeto see him today?Ask him about McCormick haying : : the I H C Service .of a buildin ions hold good for laying Bureau and learn machines and tools.8 Amatite anywhere and over what our experts If you prefer, write to the nearest branch house .fa d t - : : + + It means a thoroughly anything, and are as simple i ro eat for catalogue and any special information you desire.EASTERN CANADIAN BRANCH HOUSES: \u2014International Harvester Company of America at Hamilton, Ont.; London, Ont.; Montreal, Que.; Ottawa, Ont.; or St.John, N.B.satisfactory and reliable roof as A BC.covering, without future ex- ; J pense for painting \u2014because For further information, the real mineral surface booklet, samples etc, ad- makes painting unnecessary.dress nearest office.Everjet Elastic Paint Creonoid Lic Destyover Cows give more milk if sprayed with Crconoid to keep away the flics which make them restless.The poultry output j will be increased if the hen house is | 722 CONS made obnoxious to insect pests by disin- | A el ILk mr International Harvester Company of America (lncorporated) Chicago USA A very tough, durable paint at a Jow price.One color only\u2014a lustrous black.Use it for machinery, hcating apparatus, smokestacks, roofs, fences, water tanlic, cte.PATERSON MANUFACTURING CO., Limited r\u2014\u2014 \u2014\u2014 em \u2014 fection with Creonoid, Write for Free Booklet eu Contains full information and complete feeding directions for using i Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg.Vancouver.St - John.N.- B.a \u201cHow to Raise Calves Cheaply and Successfully Without Milk\u201d Halifax, N, S.ï Blatchford\u2019s Calf Meal \u2014The Perfect Milk Substitute Look t the I.P Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk 1s fed.spramotor sprayine an No mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory acre of potatoes in 15 Established at Leicester, England, in 1800, mommies to a row and KENNETH McDONALD & SONS, OTTAWA, ONT.four rows, two spray- / Modern Farmer = one from the top.Adjustable as to height is a user of paint.He knows that .paint preserves \u2014 that il brig .teiis up § HowPaint inch rows.Absolutelv non-clogging nozzles, 12 gallon air tank, automatic and hand controlled, 125 lbs.pressure guaranteed with 12 noz~ zles open.Tas agitator and width up to 40 clean-out pressure relief the farm.À ., - , THE into tank, and nozzle But, does he know just how much\u2014in dollars À FARMER protector.all under con A i LOW i de tro} af driver from seat and conts\u2014paint willsave him in ten years, ir he À GET Tor 1 or 2 horses \u2019 Tite uses it properly?Rrilroads make if à rule 14 print MORE .LE à their property \u2014 cars, stations, freight houses, À PROF ted for orchards.vine bridges, ete.,\u2014 at regular intervals.8 \u2014\u2014 vards and grain.Write mT N ; ; ; i =F lat They don\u2019t wait until the puint Wearsoff and de- = for booklet.J 1e \" | 0 a cay sats in \u2014 not much pecause they know it B ni SENQUR CO- will take twice as much paint to cover up the marks Ÿ que mANNS W.F.HEARD, 1370 KING STREET, LONDON, ONT.of time's destroying hand and stop his mischief.pronSREAL CMIeAe They have found ont\u2014in dollarsand rer == cents\u2014just how much they save by using paint at the right time.C oO U P oO N Just as soon as the farmer learns - : that same lesson \u2014 just that quick Pres nt this coupon flo any Martin Senour = : a : \u2018 3 caler.and receive free a hilf pint sample he will know how to make paint [can of RED SCHOOL HOUSE FAINT pay tim a profit.Cut out the [ro Doster \u2014 You are authorized t+ he nor this coupon coupon, present it to a Martin- j+*bern presented.The Martin-Senour Ur, Limited Senour Agent, and he will give you Jt is in the interest of the farmers to offer for sale every clean and Sound grains and to solve this matter, you require the best fanning mill, which is the C atham \u2018Fanning Mill - the only mill A fe a haff-pint can of Red School ie THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE cut during, or just after, bloom it makes very poor hay.This is more or less true of all our farm grasses, but it seems to be more pronounced in the case of orchard grass.Another reason farmers do not grow much orchard grass is that Timothy is the standard hay in all city markets and even better hay than timothy will usually sell at a lower price because horsemen know what timothy hay is and are not familiar with orchard grass hay.Orchard grass ripens with red clover and is thus adapied to sowing with that important leguminous plant.Another advantage orchard grass possesses is its greater length of life.Tf properly treated an orchard grass meadow continues to make good yields for several vears, but like most other perennial grasses if produces more the first cropping sca- son and it is doubtful if a farmer would be justified in keeping any kind of meadow down more than two or three years at the longest.It also possesses marked advantages as a pasture grass, if grazed systematically.It is worthy of a place in crass mixtures.Florses and cattle cat it readily in pastures, but if mixed with other grasses and clover and poorly managed, orchard grass is inclined to outgrow the olher constituents of the mixture; and when clumps of it attain considerable height stock neglect it for more tender herbage.Orchard grass revives quickly after being cut for hay, or cropped by stock, especially if there is plenty of moisture in the soil.In favorable seasons it vields two cuttings of hay a year.One of the great advantages of orchard grass is that it mafures carly.1% can be sown with any of the clovers or alfalfa.It has a tendency to improve the quality of hay as clovers can be cured much easier when a liberal amount is mixed with it.The second crop of clover is much casier cut and cured when orchard grass is grown on the same land.Orchard- grass seed can be purchased in most of our seed stores and is usually of good quality.It weighs about 14 lbs.per bushel.It yields about 12 {o 15 bushels per acre.SOWING.\u2014 When sown alone 25 to 30 lbs.of seed per acre is sufficient.In meadows and pasiure mixtures about 6 lbs., are usually sown.DBar- ley will be found best to seed with on account of its carly ripening.J.FIXTER.| HOW TO TREAT LIGHT SOIL OVERLYING CEDAR MUCK Itditor \u201cJournal of Agriculture,\u2019 We have a field with about six inches of lieht soil on the surface.The old men tell me it is cedar-muck.It does not waste away Vike the ordinary peat soils and we have had no success in growing grain on it yet.' We are putting a heave coating of manure on it this winter.During tlie \u201cShort Courses\u2019 which, I attended in 1908 and 1909 and from which I rot manv+ practical suvrest- ions which I find very helpful vou mentioned - similar soil on the \u2018\u201cCollege Farm\u2019 to the one described but lI don\u2019t remember what crops were recommended.Would you tell me what in your opinion would be the best wav to cultivate this land and what kind of crop would be best adapted to it.Would vou advise a crop of corn.The subsoil is clay.R.E.M, Carsonby.REPLY.\u2014 Six inches of Peat on {op of a clay subsoil should make almost an ideal place for growing any kind of a crop, providing you have it underdrained, or drained with open ditches.I would advise early autunm plowing of this land, and to try and bring up an inch of the clay so that in time the clay and peat will be thoroughly mixed.If possible loosen up some of the clay subsoil with a subsoil plow at the same time vou are plowing in the autumn.During the winter give this peaty soil a light dressing of manure, say 12 lo 15 {ons per acre, and plow under very shallow in springtime.This peaty soil, although dark in colour, requires a light dressing of manure to supply immediately available plant food, and to inoculate the soil with micro-or- ganisms that would tend to further break down the humus compounds.11 the peaty soil appears to be sour an application of wood ashes, 40 to 50 bushels per acre, would correct sourness and furnish mineral plant food.in which such soils are usually deficient.Or in place of ashes a dressing of slack lime or gas Jime, sav 600 {to 800 Ibs.per acre, may be given.The wood ashes or lime should be worked in on the surface after the land is plowed.CROPS FOUND MOST SUITABLE.Of all the grain crops I would advise Barley.Choose one of the early ripening sorts.GRASSES.\u2014 'ihis soil is especially suited to Timothy and Orchard grass.CLOVERS \u2014Common Red, or Al- sike.Corn and Roots do exceedingly well.If you choose either a three or four year rotation, keeping the ahove crops in view, with good cultivation you can scarcely fail growing big paying crops.J.FIXTER.CONCERNING TILLAGE AND IMPLEMENTS Fditor, \u2018Journal of Agriculture.\u201d Will you kindly answer the following questions : 1.\u2014 Should sod, for corn, be plowed in spring as early as possible, or left until, say, two wecks before time \u2018some patches left.\u201cthis field 10 alfalfa.to plant the corn ?2.\u2014 We have a field, which last 1 D i year\u2019s hoed crop failed to clean en- grass, there being We wish to secd Could we summer fallow this year, and sow fall wheat on it and then seed to alfalia next vear ?; 3, \u2014 As a general lillage implement, which is the more valuable, a dise harrow, or a spring tooth cultivator 7 (an the cultivator entirely displace the disc 7?Or would the disc be necessary in working up sod ?4.\u2014 We have a six-foot, right hand McCormick binder which has a side draft.This side draft is worst when three horses are used.I understand, vou use an implement {he same as this one.Does side draft hother vou ?How can it be overcome ?tirely of quack 5.\u2014 Is a tongue truck a good thing on a binder and on a disc harrow ?6.\u2014 As a rule, does it pay better, in sowing corn for ensilage, {o plant in hills rather than in drills ?7.\u2014 Do you consider the two furrow walking plow an efficient implement in stony and eravelly land, for plowing sod and stubble ?J.M.M, Lanark, Ont.REPLY.\u2014 1.PLOWING SOD FOR CORN.\u2014 Best results are obtained when the sod is ploughed just at the planting season.If ploughed carly, the soil is usually wet and cold and when {turned over in such it bakes very hard and dries out during the summer.The sod when turned over in that cold raw state will not decay as readily as in warm weather, and again, if ploughed carly there will be considerable growth between the furrows that will be hard to cover when the planting season is on.If the sod is left until about the middle of May there will be considerable top and root growth.When this is turned under just at the right time the fresh green sod will decav and act as a hotbed to the growing corn.Then again, if the soil is worked at this season it is usually drier and warmer.The sod will decay quicker, and will be in much better condition to retain the moisture already in the soil, and to hold the showers as they fall.In plowing the sod in springtime I would not advise working it deep ; just deep enough to get sui- ficient soil, and pack the plowing thoroughly with the roller to make a perfect seed bed.Tf vou are troubled with Quack or Scutch grass, or any kind of bad weeds, plow about May 201h, and this time as deep as the soil will allow.Put the Quack down so that the corn will get the start and keep ahead af anything else that may attempt to grow.2.\u2014 The Field that had hoed crop on last year, and still has quack grass in it would not be suitable for alfalfa until it is clean.You surrest summer fallow.; then fall wheat.1 would advise carly potatoes fo clean the land ; {hen fall wheat ; and wiv not alfalla along with the fai wheat.I have seen excellent catches of alfalfa when sown the last week in August condition or first week in September.Get the potatoes in in good time, and get them to the market early, and hy cultivating and cleaning the land for.and with, the Potato crop it should be in excellent shape to grow fall wheat and alfalfa ; and at the same time give vou splendid returns for tha time expended in preparation.Another plan mav be adopled to secure a ood stand of Alfalfa.\u2014 Cultivate and plow August 1st.this field up to about Get the soil thoroughly pulverized and perfectly free from weeds.Then sow alfalfa alone at the rate of 30 lbs.of seed per acre, Allow all growth to remain standing the first autumn, even if it is 12 to 18 inches high.If been manured with the corn crop it would he advisable to give this land à light coatine.and work it into the soil while cultivating and preparing the seed bed.3.\u2014 IMPLEMENTS.The Disc Harrow and the Spring-tooth Cultiv- alor.are two entirely different implements, and have two distinct uses.The Disc for fining sod-plowed land and for filling furrows.The Cultivator is most useful especially after harvest cultivation.It kills weeds, conserves moisture, and separates {he particles of earth to hold the autumn | the and spring rains.In spring time the cultivator is most useful on all kinds pol cultivated land, excepting on un- decayed sod.(4) and (5) RE BINDER AND , SIDI DRAFT.\u2014 If vou use the fore- carriage it will be found a valuable addition to the binder, lightening the draft, overcoming side draît, relieving horses of all neck weight, and making the binder run steadier, and consequently better work will be done.I have not used the forecarriage or ; truck on the disc harrow, but have no doubt it ment.(6) CORN.Best results are obtained when corn is planted in hills.You can then cultivate it both ways, thus saving some would be an improve- hocing; and when planted in hills it gives the corn a much better chance to mature.If you are careful to thin out the plants 8 to 10 when sown with the secd drill good results may also be secured, i (7).PLOWS.The two furrow \u201cplow should be used wherever possible.In your particular case it may be used for after-harvest cultivation.Jut on your stony land for autumn plowing I would say use the single plow.llowever, a great deal de- \u2018rends on the man.Some can make as good work with others with one.four plows as J.FIXTER.the soil has not, 210 SPRING CULTIVATION AND SEEDING How best to prepare the soil to withstand drouth, and to produce large crops ; The importance of Tillage ; The use of the Roller ; Drilling or Broadcasting.{1 PRÉPARATION OF DIFFERENT SOILS ROR SMALL GRAINS.to begin 1he preparation of land for the sowing of small preceding fall.With full ploughing The time grains is the but few exceptions, for our small erain crops has preven id be hetter practice than spring ploughing.Fall ploughing prevents fhe seceding of weeds, holds injurious insects in cheek, equalizes farm labor.makes conditions more favor- ahle for the absorption and retention of rainfall and snowfall, facilitates the pulverizing action of frost and enables the land fo be seeded much earlier in spring.Naturallv, farm practice is influene- the nature of and ed in this regard hy A sandv soil absorbs retains hent well.allows water to pereolate through it freelv, offers bul stiehit resistance to the cireulalion of the soil.air, and naturally dries off more aniclkdt and Warms up nore readily ilran clay.Owing lo the coarse nature of the parficles.and the aheenoe of ane Hindine conefituent, sandy lands never puddle or bake.Xorepver freutf doe nnd vod the same pulverizing action on sand thal il does on clav.and as such soils can he ploughed early without ininrine their mechanical condition, fall nlonghine with them is not as imporftanf as it is with elav lands For sandv soîls, shallow eultiva- tion is best.As {he principal defect wilh sueh sols is their extreme apenness, {he the tillage shoul& be sueh as to compact rather system of than to increase {he space between the soil particles.Manures, when applied, shonld be fairly well decomposed in order to have the consolidating or binding effect of the Frequent light applications profitable than humus.will prove heavy infrequent ones.fhe other more (lav soils, on hand, call for verv different treatment.Natur- allv fine in texture, extremely tenacious, casily puddled when wet, and readily baked and cracked when dry, these soils, unless drained, are cold and wet in the spring.Unless exposed to the disintegrating action of frost by ploughing in the fall.such soils are apt to he sad and in such poor mechanical condition as to necessitate a great amount of labor in gefting {hem info sufficiently good lilth to make a fine sved bed.In such soils the danger of loss of plant food hv teaching is reduced to a minimum : water is held tena- ceously, and its movement in any direction as slow.Their greatest defeet \u2014 extreme heaviness \u2014 may be overcome hv thorough underdraining, deep tillage, and the incorporation of THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE vegetable matter in the form of fresh strawy manure, or by turning under a green manure crop.l'or all small grains the land should he cultivated in the spring as early as it can be worked without injuring its mechanical condition.The deeper the land is cultivated the better, providing sufficient top-working is given 1o firm the lower layers of the seed bed sufficiently to facilitate the rise of mwisture by capillarity.The amount of cultivation required depends wholly upon the Tand 2nd the season, some springs and some lands necessitating {wice {the amount of work required in others.If the area to be seeded is so large {hat it is not possible to sow the land as rapidly as it becomes ready, it should be harrowed to break the crusi and form a dust blanket for the conservation of moisture.2.CROPS USE MUCH WATER This is a point of great practical value which is all {oo frequently overlooked.Few realize the immense amount of water required to bring grain crops to maturity.The rainfall, during the growing season, is inadequate to meet the demands of the growing crop, therefore provision should he made for the absorption and retention of ag much moisture as the lands will hold, providing the free nr ground water table is suffic- ientlv low to make possible the development of a Jarge root system.On retentive soils tile draining will determine the wafer level, hut judicious surface tillage is essential to conserve moisture which would otherwise rise to the surface hv capillari- tv and be lost through evaporation.For every ton of dry matter pro- dueed, wheat requires 350 tons of water, oats 275 tons, and corn, when the amount lost in evaporation is included, requires 570 tons for every ton of air-dried fodder.These interesting figures emphasize two points which every observant grain grower has frequentlv noted : that an ample supply of soil {tial to large crop vields as is an abundance of plant food, and that some grains make a heavier draft on soil moisture than others.While these various crops make different demands upon soil moisture they also draw their water and plant food from different depths.Barlev.for example, is a very shallow feeder, wheat and oats draw their supplies of food and moisture from considerable depths.Barley is a daintv feeder, requiring an especiallv well- prepared seed hed containing the necessary elements of plant food in readily available form ; oals, being a moisture is as essen- grosser feeder, and a better forager, will give fair returns on land which would not be capable of giving a profitable crop if sown with barley.In sowing grain on land which has heen planted with corn the preceding year, and on which the corn roots have been turned under, cultivation may be necessary for quite a different reason.Here the great essential is to compact the soil rendered too loose and open by the presence of the corn stubbles.The roller serves a useful purpose here, but as its compacting influence is apt to be confined to the upper few inches of soil, it should he preceded hy the disk cultivator set to act as a sub-surface packer.In such lands, unless the soil is compacted, there is a too free circulation of air which dries out the soil more rapidly than moisture can be brought up from helow, with the result that the crop, and especially voung clover, is apt to dry out and burn up during hot, dry weather.In such cases, and thev are by no means rare, the failure to get a satisfactory stand of grass and clover seeds is directly attributable to a lack of sufficient soil moisture, which might have been conserved hy intelligent preparation of the seed hed.Failure to secure good crops is all too frequently attributed to a lack of ferti- litv, whereas the fact is the supply of moisture is inadequate, and hence in such cases moisture, not fertility, becomes the limiting factor in crop production.: 3.WHY TILLAGE IS NECESSARY The ancients tilled the soil primari- lv for the weeds ; times cantrolne af noxious the farmers of mediaeval were primarily concerned in their tillage operations in fining the soil so that the plants could feed on the small particles of earth directv - the farmer of todav has learned to till for tillage sake.TTe knows tillage is not manure in the sense in which Tull understood it, but he appreciates its restraining influence on weed erowth.he knows it is a notent acenev in rendering plant food available, in imnrorine the phvsical condition of soil and in conserving maisture adequate to meet the requirements of abundant crops.4.DRILLING OR BROADCASTING ?Javing.then.nroverle prepared the seed bed, how shall the cron he put in-drilled or broadcaste® \u201d The practice of ns compared with hroadcasting, has now hecome general.\\side from peas.the difference in vield in an average vear on well yrepared soil in Central Canada iv not great.but is generally sufficien! drilline, to pay the extra cost of drilline.Drilling distributes ihe seed more vvenly and covers it at a more upiform drnth.As a result.germination is more nromnt and uniform and a Jess quantity af seed is required.With fall sown grains there is less danger from heaving as the result of alternate freezing and thawing when grain is drilled, as the ridges tend to hold the snow, thus materially modifring the temperature of the soil.As the soil immediately surrounding the plants is at the hottom of the ridge it offers greater resistance to heaving {han the top and this.coupled with the gradual breaking down of the ridge and consequent mulching of the plants, lessens the danger of loss from heaving.Where winds are high and the soil is apt to be blown off sced drilling is especially advantageous.Weeds are generally less {roublesonde on drilled than on broadcast land.obtained would that barley and much more liable Results thes far strongly, indicate oals, drilled, are to injury from smut than when broadcasted.This conclusion is in accordance with the generally accepted opinion held by growers.In dry seasons spring sown grains should be rolled immediately after drilling.Rolling brings {he soil in close contact with the seed, {hus hastening germination ; hut as the danger from loss of moisture from the smooth firm surface is great, a light harrow or weerer should follow the roller to re-establish the dust blanket, thus checking evaporation and retaining the moisture for the crop\u2019s use, 5.THE USE OF THE ROLLER AND WEEDIR.In sensons of unusual rainfall the Use of tho roller mav ke positively injurious, especially on heavy lands.Grain should not he rolled just as it is coming through as the young nlanis are very hritile at this stage and are apt to ke broken off.When tour or five inches hioh Jitfle \u2018niure will: come to lhem, especially if rolled in the middle of the dav, ar the plants are less tureid then.Tn addition to smoofhing the surface, and rendering conditions more favorable for harvesting with a minimum of strain on horses and machinery, rolling is offen heneficial in breaking witha! the crust on clay lands injuring the plants as a harrow would do ; and on fall sown lands in pressing back into position planis which have heen heaved out as a result of alfernate frerzine and thawing during late winter and early spring.While all exception of grain crops.with the peas, might profitably be seceded down with clover, this practice, is bv no means as general as ifs value would warrant.When grass or clover sceds are not sown with the grain, a brush or two with a light harrow or weeder after the grain is three or four inches high wl prove of ercat henefit.This is especially true if weeds, such as mustard, are present, or if the surface soil is hard, as the harrow will destroy without doing serious injury to the grain crop.The few grain plants that are pulled myriads of them out will be amply compensated for hy the extra tillering induced bv the harrowing in those that remain.In addition, the heavy drain on soil moisture by evaporation will be checked until such time as the have made to shade the ground from the direct rays of the sun, plants sufficient growth L.S.KLINCK. SOME ESSENTéALS IN SUCCESSFUL GRAIN GROWING The importance of Clover-growing & Rotation ; Time of seeding an important factor ; Rate of Seeding ; Good plump seed ; Use of mixtures.Grain growing on any but virgin soils of great fertility cannot long remain a profitable branch of agriculture unless more attention is paid to rotation, tillage and seed.Systems of rotation must be such as to enable each crop, as far as possible, to prepare the way for maximum production in the succeeding crop.Tillage must be thorough and intelligent.Finally, the hest obtainable seed of proven adaptability for the locality must be sown by men who know the special requirements of their crops.Soils and crops are inseparable.Svstems of rotation and methods of tillage cannot he intelligently discussed without a first-hand working acquaintance with the soils to he culti- and the crops to be grown.fertility, the condi- vated The maintenance of preserving of good physical tions, the conservation of soil moisture, all make a direct contribution to the production of increased crops and are, in themselves, as important factors as is good seed.In grain culture, as in other productive enterprises, the necessity of exercising fine judgment in many points, which are ali too frequently regarded as of minor importance, must never he overlooked.1.GROWING OF CLOVERSN All cereals are soil exhausters ; all legumes are soil enrichers-at least in the most expensive clement of plant food in which our soils are most apt to be deficient namely nitrogen.Therefore, in any permanent system of successful grain growing, the culture of clovers and closely allied species must have a place.Whether the rotation be a three, four or five one is a Matter to be determined wholly by circumstances.The essential thing is that a judicious rotation be followed, that the product of the fields be consumed by live stock and that the residue be returned to the land with a minimum of waste.Climate and soil determine, in large measure, lhe kinds of crops produced commercially in any district.We may take it as a basic principle in grain growing that all grains are not equally well adapted to all districts.IJence the need of Experiment Stations, with as many sub-stations as are necessarv.to make a Comparative test of the different varieties of field crops grown and to determine the ones most profitable for general culture.(See March number of the \u2018\u201cJournal of Agriculture,\u2019 for average results obtained at Ste.Anne for the past five years).From these results it will be seen that we cannot afford to ignore strain, variety, or class of crop.Here, \"as elsewhere, applied knowledge of details counts.TIME OF SEIDING Time of seeding is another factor which has proven immensely important in keeping all our small grains up to their highest productive capacity.Experiments have demonstrated that under our conditions all the small grains, with the exception of the field pea, should be seeded in the spring as soon as the ground can be worked to advantage.In conducting this experiment, five scedings were made with each class of grain, and as the seedings were made one week apart the fifth seceding was made four weeks after the first.The results of four years! work are striking and suggestive.They show that spring wheat, seeded as early as the oround could he worked without injuring its physical condition, averaged 38.12 hushels per acre while that seeded four weeks later averaged only 19.63 bushels per acre, a decrease of 18.49 bushels per acre due wholly to the time of seeding.The falling off in quality was likewise very apparent.The other grains showed the same tendeney although not so pronounced \u2014 oats showing a decrease of 14.43 bushels and barley 3.77 hushels per acre.All classes of grains experimented with showed a gradual decrease in vield as {he time of seeding was delayed, except barley and peas.To illustrate ; {he first seeding of wheat cave an average of 38.12 bushels, the second 29.69 bushels, the third 29.58 bushels, the fourth 25.93 bushels and the fifth 19.63 hushels, a strong argument in favor of early seeding.3.RATE OF SEEDING On land in good 1ilth and in a fair state of fertility two bushels oi wheat per acre has, so far, proven Lost profitable.The same rate has given best results with six rowed harley.Results obtained with oats, based upon four vears\u2019 work with duplicate test, would indicate the advisability of making a slightly heavier seeding.To increase the rate of seeding is one of the most effective means of hastening the maturity of any small \u2018grain.Acvcompanving the shorier period of growth there is associated a shorter, finer straw and smaller heads, althoush the {otal weight of straw or vield of grain per acre is not necessarily less.4.SOW GOOD SED.A given number of large plump sceds of any grain will almost al- Ways give a higher average vield than the same number of medium-sized or small sized seeds of the same kind.While this is true, it must not be for- gotien that it does not necessarily follow because a man sows only the largest and plumpest grains that he can thereby afford to sow a less quantity by measure or by weight, than he would if he were using clean, graded seed of smaller size.A pound of small, graded sced, free from dirt and other foreign matter, will, OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE providing the sample is reasonably plump, generally give a larger yield than a pound of seed composed of nothing but the largest and best developed grains.The graded sample of small seed, because of the larger number of grains in a given measure or weight, will generally outvield a sample of equal volume which is composed of nothing but large grains.This fact, however, is no argument against cleaning seed.Tt is aïlwars cond practice thoroughly to fan and screen all grain intended for sowing, hut the idea that by properly grading the seed, and using only the largest kernels, a less measure or weight will be needed, is a practice which has little experimental evidence to support it.5.USE OF MIXTURES.The practice of sowing grains in mixtures when the product is intended for feeding to stock is not a new one.What grower has not eh- served that the number, size and qual- itv of grains bhorne on a volunteer wheat plant in a field of oats did not.on the average, [ar surpass the vield obtained from plants of the same variety of wheat grown in an adjoininr wheat field ?The same principle has heen observed to hold truc, but to a less degree, when a peck of wheat per acre was mixed with the oats for the produciion of grain for feeding to horses.The explanation of this fact may he found.in part, in the principles un- derlving the rotation of crops.No {wo crops make exactly the same demands on \u2018he riant food or the moisture of the soil; neither do they draw their main supply of food and moisture at the same depth.Hence a field sown with two or more kinds of grain is able more fully to meet the demands of a mixed crop than of a single crop.We have seen\u201c that in growing grains singly barley generally produces the greatest number of pounds of grain {o the acre.While oats is not the next highest vielder it is the crop which lends itself best to mixing with barley.Naturally, then, these {wo cereals must form the basis for our mixture.Combinations containing barley, oats, wheat, peas and flax have been {ried on the assumption that because two kinds of grain in combination give an increased return {he principle should he capable of indefinite extension.This, however, has nol proven satisfactory as it is aimost impossible to get productive varielies of these various cereals to ripen at the same time.The result is that the loss from this source, coupled with the increased difficulty in harvesting the crop, makes it improbable that a large number of cercals Will ever be used in one combination for grain production.Six rowed barleys are generally carlier malurers and higher yicld- ers than the two rowed varieties.Our highest yielding oats, with few exceptions, are those that are medium to late in maturing.As a rule, the carlier the oat the lower the vield.1f, {here- fore, we are growing a standard six rowed barley, as Mensury or Mand- scheuri, we will require an early oat which wil mature in the same number of davs.The Pauheney is the hest oat Il know of for an carly mixture.I is the heaviest-vielding carlv oat we have and possesses straw of average linzth and streneth.The vrain weighs well for an early oat and is low in percent hull.rerfect]y with either T{ ripens ef {the barleys just mentioned.If however, we are growing a standard oat as Banner, Siberian or Triumph, it will ke £row a later necessary 10 maturing barley than any of the six rowed varieties.This means we musf erow an inferior vielding barley in order to get one that will mature with our prolific oat.For most this purpose {he two-rowed Duckbill is best.T prefer harlevs of (hs dass {to the two rowed harlevs of the Chevalier class hecause, in add'ticn to being higher vielders, they rossess a much y - - stronger straw and as 4 result rarely crinkle or Jodge.Pest returns have heen obtained with those combinations by sowing one and one-half bushels of Mensury barlev and one bushel of Daubenev Oats.In an experiment extending over four vear in which manv promising combinations were used, the follow- ine, amone olher results, were obtained : \u2014 Pounds per acre Wheat\u2014Red Fife averaged .1528 Barley\u2014Mensurv averagcd .3386 Oals\u2014Daubeney averaged .2343 Peas\u2014Prussian Blue averaged 2772 Mensury Barlev (1 1-3 bus )and Daubtnev gals 1 bus averaged, .3720 From this table it will be seen that a judicious mixture of Mensaury and Daubeney gave an average yield of 166 pounds per acre more than the highest yielding single grain and almost {two and one half times as much as the lowest yielding single grain-wheat.Seed from 4 mixed crop should never be taken from a bulk sample grown mixed the vear before.The proportion in which {he sown is, different next to the the most im- kinds are question of varieties, portant consideration and this proportion can only Le maintained by measuring the different grains cach vear, I.S.KLINCK., THE JOURNAL OF + + e + give Steck [=] SEIS KAINVNNINNININININI NINN A VISIT TO THE HOWICK HERDS Prof.Barton of Macdonald College takes Students Specializing in Live Stock to see some famous Herds.To a great many people in the Dominion of Canady the mention of Que bec agriculture brings to their \u2018ainds a picture of farming methods carried on by our pioneer forefathers.This view may be justly applicable to a few sections of the Province but sections where agriculture is followed as a profession.H Was to one of the Tatter that Prof.Barton arrangements to spend two days for the purpose of giving the fourth year men an opportunity of sindyving vigorous herds ol Jive stock outside of \u201che College.Howick ond vicinity section {his occasion.there are also many made was the visited on The party Left Ste Annes a 6,15 «an, on Febrttary 23, and were met at Howick Junction hy the Ness brothers, whose homes became the headquarters during the two davs visit.The Ness brothers, Robert and A- bert, need no introduction.The fa- herd of the fornyer and horses of the each y Worldwide reputation, These men, knowing af Pref Barton's intended had prepared n most complete programme, hereby they made it possible for a mous Ayrshire the noted latter, have Clydesdale wan for visit, number où the hest stock farms In that Jocalitv fo he visited, The stables of Hohe td Nevs Were first examined but the stock was only given a hurried look on this ecoston, tt being explained that considerable driving had to be done in order bo visit the representative stock frie in the neighbourhood, while plenty oi Ume could be given in the ovens to « more détailed study où this herd.At the stables of Albert time was givin for ga careful study of Ness more the horses he had on band The qirs1 class brought oui to he qudued consisted où five Chvdesdale mars, three of which were prize winners al the l£astern Ontario LiXe Stock Show held at Ottawa this winter.Following these were live stallions où special interest, in tha{ thev were headed by \u2018Sir Spencer\u201d.one of the greatest Clydesdale stalliens Imported from Scotland to this country.In \u2018Sir Spencer\u201d are found the ideal ol the breeder's cfforts,\u2014good leet and legs, à Well developed body and planty of style and action, After lunch the visitors were driven fo the following places, \u2014Gcorge D.Stuart, importer of Clydesdale horses ; Iector Gordon, \u2018hreeder of pure bred Avrshires ; J.D.Mekell and D.M.Macfarlane, Ayrshires ; J.D.Duncan, Dairy Shorthorns ; The afternoon heing now far spent, attention Was twin d towards DBurn- side, totert Ness\u2019 Stock Farm.After tea adiourniment was made lo the stables, where, until eleven the students were kept busv different classes of cattle, some of which would have done credit o'clock, judeinæ af anv of the argest fas in America, The first class led out were aeed cows, whose average vield of milk was about 11,000 rouvnds vearly.The class included Finlavson Maggie, Denty, Lucky Girl and \u201cKirkland Stenechat.The next was headed hy Nellie Burns TV, reserved chamuion at Seattle Txpositien.A en.ra] instecftion of the calves and entire herd completed the first day's TIowiek.class work al The following dav visits were paid to the Terms of,\u2014 Dave Niss, Avr- shires F0 C MacRae ond A tutherford, TTolsteins ; James Brr- son, Avrshires and D.JT.Greg, horses At the Jatter place the students were given an opportunity of induine a class of heavy horses.The next {wo places were those of J.W.Logan and PL D Me Arthur, who are both Avrshire men of note.At the Standard Tlonse, the Ness brothers completed entertainment hy giving a special dinner to these, the first Macdonald students to visit, as {their section of the country.Before Teaving, Prof.Barton gave a brief address, outlining the value of wood and what it makes for a community ; he teudered to Messrs Aibert and Robert Ness the thanks of those who had made the trip, for they had received and that had been given TTowick, their programme of a class , stock the Kindness the hospitality them.M.Robert sed the hope {hat Macdonald to Tiowick an annual event.Howick\u201d stated Mr wavs welcome these annually, but as often Barton wished to make Ness, in reply, expres- these trips from would become \u201cThe people of Ness, \u201cwould al- trips, not only as Professor them.As stated at the beginning of this article, many people regard the Province ol Quebece as one backward in agricultural matters, but the mem- hers of the above party would advise people with thoughts so inclined 10 visit Howick and vicinity.IIere they will find modern agriculture at its best ; in the home with its up-lo- date appliances; in \u201cthe stables with their cleanliness and good ventilation ; in the fodder, including corn silage, roots and clover hay ; and in the stock, which will compare favourably, with other Provinces of the Dominion and wilh the United States as well.C.SWELT.! INSTITUTE MEETINGS IN THE AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC During the past few wiceks farmers in the Province of Quebec have heen attending their regular institute meetings and together with the various speakers have been reviewing their farm conditions and farm practices.Following is a list où?some of the meetings arranged by ihe Dominion Government with the cooperation of the Agricultural Societies and Farin- ers\u2019 Clubs.Lachute ( Argenieuil).Hemmingford (Huntingdon ).Huntingdon (Huntingdon ) Bedford ( Missisquoi ).West Shefford (Shefford ).Knowlton ( Brome).Sutton ( Brome).Avyer\u2019s Cliff ( Stanstead).\u2019ompton (Compton).Lennoxville ( Sherbrooke ).Bury (Compton > Bishop\u2019s Crossing ( Wolfe).Danville ( Richmond).Melbourne (Richmond).The delegates for this series of meetings were Messrs C.M.McRae of Ottawa, W.S.Fraser of Bradford, Ont., Dan Drummond of Ottawa and Prof.H.Barton of Macdonald.Col-3; lee.Two of the delegates attended cach meeting.The subjects discussed at the varions meetings were chosen with a view to meet the wishes and needs of the different sections.In general.however.the delegates directed their efforts along a few main lines.Sheep raising together with feeding and breeding dairy cattle received most at- fontion amone live stock subjects.On the side of crop production, cultivation and growing of corn, growing of clover, use of selected seed and the eradication of weeds formed the basis of discussion.Anvone familiar with conditions and practices in some portions of the province of Quebec will appreciate the wisdom displaved in the choice of subjects, a matter of importance and cons sideration that it has {oo often failed to receive.The different lines of work mentioned above and discussed at these meetings suggest at once where the opportunities lie.In thé matter of sheep this province with, in many cases, conditions so well suited for sheep and entirely incapable of giving a reasonable return from anything else, should rank very prominently, whereas this branch of live stock seems in many sections almost forgotten, and for the province generally only a suggestion of what it might be.Some very interesting information was available at the meetings.With an average attendance of forty or fifty farmers at these meetings, usually about four or five of the number were keeping sheep.When the question was put as to the chance of profit in sheep, all were agreed that they offered a good field.Every man who had them was ready to tes- tifv to that cffeet.When asked why more did not keep them, usually two or three main answers were given the first and most common of which was the danger from dogs.From further questions and answers given, one might reasonably conclude that a great manv farmers were hiding behind the dog as a talking point and eveuse for their own carelessness.In everv section among the few who were keeping sheep a large proportion had never known damage from dogs and were not entertaining much fear.ITowever, the delegates pointed out very plainly that if the dog was a serious menace to sheep in the locality his case was one for the farmers themselves to decide.Tt was for them {o sav whether the useless dog was {io deprive them of a profitable and very desirable business or nol.Means were shown whereby 1he number of dogs could be materially decreased and at the same time assurance against loss hv the sheep owner could he given.The delezates said thev were not sent to make laws, but thev emmphasized the possible value of a stiff and com- pulsorv dog tax.The next objection to which the delegates had to replv was that of fences.The prevalent harb wire tvne was frequently mentioned as an important factor.In the opinion of the sneakers, with rood sheep, nroperdv fed and managed.fencing was not a difficult matter to remedy.A reasonable allowance of pasture could he fenced each year with a modern fence at verv moderate cost.The harb wire fence had no place on a modern farm, (cost was no argument), and the risk was too great to justify any man\u2019s having it in his possession.Pasture was the other of the three most important objections.At this the delegates expressed much surprise since in their opinions the average man had so much land under pasture he was really pasture poor, and especially in view of the fact that so much of the pasture down through the Eastern Townships is good for nothing else but sheep.In view of the possibility of eliminating the objectionable features and of the appreciation of advantages in sheep raising it would seem a great mistake if many of the rough hillside sections in the province were not inhabited by thousands of thrifty sheep.Dairy cattle subjects are always exceedingly interesting to farmers in Quechee, and enthusiasm was display: ed particularly at the meetings held at West Shefford, Knowlton, Ayers Cliff and Compton.Dairying ranks very prominently; many good cows are to be found, but far too many inferior ones are kept.Winter dairying is increasing all the time, but certain feed and knowledge are required if this is to be profitable.The farmers themselves appreciate that they have yet much to work out in farm crops, dairy cow development, and dairy cow management before they receive sufficient remuneration for their investment and labor.For example, in some sections car loads of bran and other mill feed are bought to feed cows for winter dairying.Many men are paying out the checks for feed as fast as they come in for milk for the i 8 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 213 reason that even if they all had first- class cows they would not yield much profit where meal is depended upon entirely to stimulate milk flow.! Timothy hay is a very common roughage.It was made clear that such a feed is entirely unsuited for milk production, in that it does not furnish the nutrients required.It is expensive, it is not palatable and will not stimulate milk flow, while at the same time it is one of the greatest soil robbers the farmer can grow.Corn silage, roots and clover hay were emphasized as absolutely essential for roughage if milk would be produced in winter at a profit.Naturally, after corn had been so strongly recommended from the feed standpoint the question of its cultivation and growth came in for careful consideration.In brief, the recommendations made were to prepare the land thoroughly by cultivation and manure before planting, to choose a variety that will mature in this locality, Lo obtain good sced, test it, plant plenty of it and not too early, to cultivate hy harrowing immediately planting and to keep on cultivating as long and as fÎrequentlv as possible.The farmers were advised to grow clover far more extensively as it could be made tlhe solution of the commercial fertilizer problem which is hecomjing so important in the Eastern Townships, and it would at thc same time reduce the meal bill and increase the milk output.Mr.Fraser who is a clover king contrasted very the clover and timothy farmer.He pointed out that, unless in exceptional conditions, the Timothy hay man is on the straight road to depletion of soil fertility and poverty, while the clover man is headed in the right direction.Many men were disappointed with clover because they did not know what to expect of it, some of them attempting to take three crops from a single seeding and wondering why it died out.Mr.Fraser created no small surprise when he said all tha clover did for him was to grow one season ; that was all he expected.He plowed it up then and had his land in condition to grow any crop he likes to put on ; clover seed in his opinion veing the cheapest manure he could buy.In the discussion of the importance of selected seed, figures were given to show that after sixteen vears cropping from original seed at the Ontario Agri.Coillege, Guelph, hy selecting the largest and best seed from year to year, the yields of oats, barley, wheat, and potatoes instead of running out, as is the common impression, had wonderfully increased.The importance of disseminating such information (an Le a>preciated when one finds that at one meeting where sixty intelligent farmers yvere present, not a single one owned a fanning mill.Tradication of weeds was included in the discussion of other subjects.The work of the sheep as weed destroyers should make them valuable if for no other reason.More thorough cultivation, and especially a much shorter crop rotation, will eradicate after} sharply: very many common and unsightly weeds in many sections visited.The speakers did not hesitate to condemn the practice of growing timothy hay and especially that of growing it\u201cfor a number -of years on the same field.This long rotation idea, thev contended, was on the average faim a mistake and in , large measure responsible for many weeds, poor soil, light crops, pour stock and small returns.H.B.SPRING MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY COWS A recent trip through the Province ol Quebec revealed the fact that in a number ol sections there are many more cows freshening carly this sca- son than ever before.The practice of winter dairying is greatly extending, from year to year.It has been the common experience of persons who were fairly successful in the ordinary practice of summer dairying to meet with no small measure of disappointment and trouble when they entered the new field.In the first place the cow very often has not received the proper preparation.With the original practice she was allowed most of the winter to herself, conscquently on moderate feed she was able to build up in condition and then freshen ei ther on the grass or shortly before the season opens, when she was most likely to do alright and carry through until the grass was available.Ii she calves in late winter or early spring she should have been fed more liberally through the winter else in the shorter time available and with the extra demands on her sys - tem she will not be in condition to start work.Frequently when in order to dry her off in time for a short rest the feed must be restricted or she will naturally go down in flesh.Therefore, as soon as she is safely dried off her feed should be gradually increased, regulated always by her condition, until within a few weeks of calving when it should again be restricted somewhat, particularly the meal part of it ceiving some.When the cow calves in winter, the best conditions are difficult to obtain.She has likely been highly fed and closely housed, and she will calve under conditions that are more to cause if she has been re- likely disorder of various kinds than if she calved much later and after different treatment.Consequently special care, precaution and attention are necessary.In many stables it is à common and successful practice to administer a purgative of epsom salts some days before freshening.This is probably better given in two doses at short intervals.This will have a cleansing effect on the cow's system and tend to insure vigor of all functions when the most severe \u201cest is made.The conditions under which the cow and young calf are placed ot the time of its birth are frequently the source of trouble in some form of disease of hoth cow and cali.Many cases of garget, for example, could be traced to {ilth and unsanitary conditions at this time and many disorders of the calf\u2019s system have their origin in the same unfavorable conditions.Reasonable cleanliness and precaution at this stage cost but little and will often avoid the loss of an udder quarter of perhaps tlie best cow in the stable, as well as the unpleasant sight of an unthriity poor doing calf.A nice, clean, roomy, well lighted bhox-stall, well bedded and with a little disinfectant scattered about is worth while providing.Aîter the cow calves and gets rid of the after-birth she should be milked, and the practice of leaving some on the udder for the first few milkings is often considered advisable.No attempt should be inade to get that cow on full feed for a few days, until she has regained her nor- \"mal condition and appetite.1f she is in high condition she will probably yield a large flow of milk on an insufficient diet for the first few mouths and this fact is apt io mislead the feeder.The result is that the cow draws upon her own body until the reserve is exhausied, her condition is\u2019 3 { weakened, and no system of feeding will then do as well for her.In general practice the too frequent mistake made right here cannot be too clearly pointed out.Many men with good intentions, but not with a full understanding of the cow\u2019s needs, Can appreciate that she is doing splendid vork on a certain allowance of feed ; they may continue to furnish that same allowance, but in spring when grass is slow in coming, they tire of tiie long period and begin {o restrict just when it would tell most.With men who are not accustomed to winter dairying and liberal feeding with the right feed, very often the cow that freshens carly does not do as well as when she freshened later.The reason for the diïference can be found in the limited ration at the stage, immediately before grass, when she was most in nced.Another point to which many should give more thought is the starting ol the cows on grass.It is in the interests of the cow\u2019s condition, the milk yield, and the grass growth, not to expecl too much of grass at first.lt will pay every time lo lel the grass get a start and the field to become a little firm before turning on the cattle.It will pay every time Lo furnish feed on the grass until the cows will not take it, which time will be short on good pasture.The best practice is to turn out in the daytime only, at first, and fced inside.The change should he gradual, else the cows will fall in milk if they have heen on full fred, no matter how good the grass may be, and they will fail in condition.Both effects make the highest yield throughout summer much more difficult to obtain.The requisites of 5 satisfactory dairy cow ration may be put under four heads : Palatability, Digestibility, Economy, Nutrition.If we an lyse feeds from these standpoints we will find that among rough- ages there are two or three {hat meet most of the requirements, These are corn-silage, clover-hay, and roots.All three are highly relished, there being no trouble in getting a cow lo consume large quantities of them.This matter is of no small imporiance if she is to prove » worker.While she consumes them in large quantities they are readily digested, For this reason she can handle large quantities of them with comparatively little expenditure of energy to manufacture them.In point of economy there are no other crops that will combine better in farm practice and in feeding.There are no other crops that will produce nearly the yield on a given acreage at the same cost per ton.In these three crops the probleny of cheap milk production is solved.When we consider them from the standpoint of nutrition we find that While they go a lon.way they are not complete in themselves, and that lt is necessary to furnish more extra nutrients in the form of more concentrated feed.For this purpose a variety -of foods is available.Two {things at least should be kept in mind in making a choice,\u2014composition and price.Nitrogenous fecds are required, and of these there are many.Byproducts are alwavs doubtful as to their nutrients and their purity, al though sometimes good value can be obtained.Ground oats at present, prices are a safe and satisfactory feed.Gluten meal and cotton seed meal are always desirable when prices will allow.Corn is not a milk food, although a little of it can sometimes be used to advantage {o maintain the cow in good condition.Bran is essentially a milk food and has a splendid cîfect upon the system and upon the use of other foods, but in this district it is comparatively high in price this spring, oats for example, being far better value.Barley is only fair as a milk food, but is often readily available and may be uscd, in combination.Oil cake is a food that deserves special mention.It is high in price and can be easily wasted, but at times when a cow is going stale on feed and down in milk a pound or two of oil cake will have an effect impossible with any other feed.ln general, the allowance of concentrated meal feed when used with the above mentioned roughage should be about one pound meal for every five pounds of milk produced.H.BARTON.17th.ANNUAL MEETING OF THE GENERAL STOCK BREEDERS\u2019 ASSOCIATION OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC, The General Stock Breeders\u2019 Association of the Province of Quebee is the federation of the following Societies of that Province :\u2014 The Sheep Breeders\u2019 Association, The Swine Breeders\u2019 Association, The French Canadian Horse Breed- trs\u2019 Association, urnes = ca gere + EE 214 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICUL TURE AND HORTICULTURE The French Canadian Cattle Breeders\u2019 Association, The General Stock Breeders\u2019 Association held its 17th annual meeting, on the 13th February last, at the Mueen\u2019s Hotel, Montreal.The attendance was large and quite representa tive of the several affiliated Societies.The Tion.N.Garncau was in the chair and Dr J.A.Couture acted as Secretary.There were present\u2014the Hon.Mr.Kisher, Minister of Agriculture for the Dominion, ir Rutherford, Live Stock Commissioner, and Mr.JS) Arkell, of the Live Stock Branch, Mr.Grisdale, Superintendent of [Experimental Farms, Messrs.Dryden and Ritch, C'ommissioners who are investigating upon the decline of sheep industry, and cighty members of the Association, The report of the Secretary showed that the gross receipts of lhe year amounted to $9647.62; that the expenditure was $7531.61, leaving à balance on hand of $2115.98.The total number of paid members for 1910 was 408, being :\u2014 Sheep Breeders\u2019 Association .141 Swine .131 French Canadian Cattle DB.Ass'n 70 \u20ac \u201c liorse \u201c\u201c Gb Total .o.oo .Au8 It was resolved that the public sales of hreeding inaugurated last year hy the continued and as to comprise cattle and horses as well as sheep and swine.Speaking of that subjegt Dr Rutherford said that more good had been done by the sale of the 123 sheep and G4 swine, for the improvement of that class of animals in the pro- vinee than anything done previously and he hoped that those sales would he kept up.Hon.Mr.Fisher gave an outline of what will be done .(the lExperimen- tal Farms which his Department bought lately in the province ol Quebec.The Ste Anne's farm will serve {y dénenstrate how worthless land can be made productive.The cap- Rouge farm, near Quebec city, will he used to make all kinds of experiments which may be of interest Lo that sec- Sion of the country.JU will also serve to demonusirate the profitableness of the French Canadian cow as a cheap putter producer for the ordinary farmer, The Hon M.Garneau pointed out {he necessity for the province oË Quebec to make iMprovements in ils system ol agricultural and veterinary education, and advocated the Tounda- tion of an Agricultural College like that at Guelph, and 3 thorough reformation of the present velerinary school.The meeting discussed {he advisability of taking steps to affiliate the Quebec sections of the Holstein and Ayrshire Breeders\u2019 Association, The walter was left to the executive.The following officers were clecled for the current year : President, Hon- N.Garneau, Quebec; Ist vice-presi- dent, Thos, Drysdale, AMan\u2019s Corner, 2d vice-president, Arsène Denis, St Norbert-Station ; Secretary, Dr J A.shock Association should bu craduadly extended, su + , Couture, Québec; Directeurs, 1.B.| Macaulay, representing the French Canadian Cattle Breeders\u2019 Associa- ion, Jos.Deland, L'Acadie, representing the French Canadian Horse Breeders\u2019 Association, Nap.Lachapelle, St.Paul I'Ermite, representing the Sheep Breeders\u2019 Association.Ls.Lavallée, St.Guillaume, representing the Swine Breeders\u2019 Association.The Secretary\u2019s report regarding the public sales of pure bred sheep for hreeding purpose, last fall, may be summed up as foiiows.The Asso- clation hought from the best Ontario breeders 123 sneep, viz\u201433 Leicesters, 16 Lincolns, 22 Cotswolds, 21 Oxfords, 21 Shropshires, 10 Hlampshires.Those animals were sold by auction at St.liyacinthe and Quebec.The average cost price was $23.07 ; the average selling price was $21.06.The Cotswolds made money ; the Leicester lost none, but the others sold for less than cost price.It was structed to make arrangements with the Swine Breeders\u2019 Association Lo have a public sale of pure bred sheep and swine in October next, the sale to comprise at least 150 sheep.} The following were the OfÎficers elected for the current veur : Presi dent, Nap.Lachapelle, St.Paul l'icr- mite ; vice-president, James Bryson, Brysonville, and G.Garceau, Pointe du Lac; Secretary, Dr.J.A.Couture, Quebec : Direciors : A.Deuis, St.Norbert Station - R.W.Frank, Kings- bury ; Paul Lavallée, Berthierville ; IL.12.Williams, Knowlton ; Wm, Roy, Ant.Phaneuf, St.Antoine ; Uldéric Legris, St.Leon.A discussion arose regardine the advisability of having a law cnacted to protect the sheep-breeders against dogs.The matter was left to the executive.The followine statement shows the number of sheep registered in each province durin« the vear 1910, as com- The province ol Quebec makes the best showing in this tuble with its increase of 111 or 19 pe.The Province of Ontario shows the least advantage with its decrease of 661 or 33.4 p.c.Without the purchase we made there of about 100 sheep the percentage of the decrease would he still greater.These statistics show also that the breeding of pure bred sheep has hardly commenced as vel in the Maritime and Western provinces.The following statement shows, by provinces, the number of swine registered in 1910, as compared with the three previous years : QUEBEC SWINE BREEDERS\u2019 ASSOCIATION That association held its annual meeting on the 13th February last, at the Queen\u2019s Tlotel, Montreal, Mr.Ls.Lavallée being in the chair and br.J.A.Couture acting as secretary.The receipts for last year amounted to $2,839.12, including a balance of $585.01, as per last annual statement; the expenditure was $2,073.23, leaving a balance on hand of $765.23.resolved (hat the executive be in-{pared With the three previous vears: 1907 1908 1909 1910 522 cas 2 63 SH = a Ontario.LL 1031 1647 986 661 Quechee.©.LL.615 789 600 714 114 Alberta.©.0 0.121 92 129 156 36 Manitoba.11 31 29 03 Gi jritish Columbia.| 21 60 50 71 21 Prince Fed.Island.3 26 26 United-States.68 22 46 Saskatchewan.3 19 20 21 1 New Brunswick, .14 21 28 12 16 Nova Scotia.1 2 1 Totals.1761 2012 2572 2105 256 723 There are 131 paië mentaers.The Association held its first annuel sale of breeding stock in October last.It took place at Quebec and St-lya- cinthe and comprised 65 animals, viz: 25 Yorkshires, 18 Chester-Whites, 18 Berkshires, 4 Tanworths., The cost price was on average $30.26, and the animals sold for an average of $29.24.It was unanimously resolved that arrangements be made with the Sheep Breeders\u2019 Association to make another sale of sheep and swine breeding stock in October next, the sale to comprise ai least 100 swine.The following officers were clected for the current year: President, Ls.Lavallée, St.Guillaume; vice-president, Clovis Ouimet, St.François de Sales; secretary, Dr.J.AL Couture, Quebec; directors, Jas.Donaidson, Dewittville; Victor Sylvestre, Clairveaux; Prof.II.Barton, Macdonald College; Theophile Trudel, St.Prosper; Louis Thouin, LRepenti- gny; D.Pelossin, St.Ours, J.P.Monaghau, SU Lin.The following stätement shows the number of pure bred swine registered, for each province, during 1910: 1907 1908 1909 1910 Increase over Ontario .2151 3686 2013 3675 1562 Quebec ce 1008 859 795 1126 631 United-States \u2026 18 1056 1038 Manitoba .\u2026.2 02 833 555 211 779 565 Alberta .2 0 .19] 338 219 118 229 Saskatchewan \u2026 2.833 294 164 383 219 N.Brunswick .99 79 98 172 74 B.Columbia .So 157 157 Prince lod.Island © 10 77 56 128 72 Nova Scotia 1.2 2 23 86 84 80 Decrease 1.Totals .5262 5979 3735 8205 4470 There has been an increase for all the provinces except Nova Scotia.The total number of registration is more than double that of the previous vear.The breeding of pure bred swine is in quite a primitive state in the Maritime provinces, with a tendency to increase, except in Nova Scotia which remains stationary.Notwitstauding the considerable increase over the previous year Ontu- rio has not attained its figures ol 1908, Manitoba and Saskatchewan have not attained that of 1907.Alberta is progressing slowly in proportion to the increase of its population.British Columbia seems to be getling in the business nicely and Quebec has never registered as many swine as this year.Muy it be the beginning oi à new era! FRENCH CANADIAN CATTLE BREEDERS\u2019 ASSOCIATION The French Canadian Cattle Breeders Association held its annual meeting on the 1ith February last at the Queen's Hotel, Montreal.There were about 40 members present.M.A.Denis occupied the chair and Dr.J.A.Couture acted as secretary.The secretary\u2019s report shows the Association has 70 paid members, that receipts for last year amounted to $518.07 including a balance of $200.07 from the previous statement, that the expenditure was $300.11, leaving a balance on hand of $197.93.The meeting was informed that the new lixperimental Farm at Cap- Rouge, near (uebec, would keep only Irrench Canadian cattle.The Secretary read a letter from the chief of dairy at the Wyoming University, Lu- ramie, stating that a herd of French that Canadian cattle had been purchased some time ago, that the animals were doing very well indeed, that the people thought they would be the best cattle for that country, and there would soon be a good demand for them.It was pointed out by the Secretary that there were still too few hreeders who had their cows tested for the Record of Performance, and he urged those present to have five or six cows cach entered for that test during the current year.Complaints were made that there was no class for French Canadian cattle at the Toronto exhibition.The matter was left to the exceutive.The following officers were elected for the current year : President, Arsène Denis, St-Norbert-Station; vice- president, T.B.Macaulav, Montreal; Secretary, Dr.J.AL Couture, Que- bee, Directors\u2014Ifon.N.Garneau, Quebec ; Jos.Coulombe, St.Norbert, (Berthier); Ls.Pl.Sylvestre, St.Théodore d\u2019Acton ; Louis Thouin, Re- pentigny ; G.Garceau, Pointe-du-Lac.FRENCH CANADIAN HORSE BREEDERS\u2019 ASSOCIATION The French Canadian ITorse Breeders\u2019 Association held its annual mect- ing on the 14th February last, at the Queen's Hotel, Montreal.Mr.Robert Ness was in {he chair and Dr.J.A.Couture acted as secretary. THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE LE cg US FRENCH CANADIAN HORSE PRIMROSE.Property of bP, 1.Gatien, V.S., St-Hyacinthe, Py Q.The annual report showed a membership of 66; the gross receipts for 1910 being $822.49, including a balance of $490.42 from last ycar, the expenditure amounted to $314.21, including $139 granted for prizes at exhibitions, jeaving a balance on hand of $456.02.The French Canadian Horse Show was held at Three-Rivers last year and was very satisfactory, 14 stallions and 26 mares 3 year old and over having been exhibited.The class for mares was exceplionally good.The demand for French Canadian horses is very good; the fact is that it exceeds the supply.Consequently the prices are very remunerative.Steps are being taken bv the executive to gather in two or three districts, especially in the counties oË Joliette, Berthier and St.Hyacinthe, as many mares as possible so as to make these counties the principal breeding centres for that class of horses.À discussion arose as to whether there should be a French Canadian Horse Show (his year.The matter was leît to the executive, which was also requested {o nuake arrangements with the management of the Toronto léxhibition to have a class for French Canadian horses.The following officers were elected for the current year: President, Joseph Deland, L\u2019Acadie; vice-president, Robert Ness, Howick; secretary, Dr.J.A.Couture, Quebec; directors, Louis Lavallée, St.Guillaume; W.P.Kearney, Montreal; Arsène Denis, St.Norbert Station; ds.P.Sylvestre, St.Theodore d\u2019Acton; G.Garceau, Pointe-du-Lac; 11.Morin, St.Hyacinthe; James Bryson, Brysonville.MANAGEMENT OF YOUR LAMBS The value of the flock depends largely upon the care and management that lambs receive during lamb- hood.that satisfactory results in rearing lambs do not come from practising shiftless or slip-shod methods at the time lambs are horn.No other class of young animals will respond more freely to care, or give more satisfactory returns for labor expended, than will the lambs themselves.\"The barn , mach, the The shepherd should remember its food regularly and in or shed in which lambs are horn need not necessarily he kept very warm.Where lambs stray from the mother and hecome chilled and weakened warmer quarters are necessary than where the lambs are strong and active as soon as horn.The main essentials to a barn or shed where lambs are being born are :\u2014 Dryness, freedom from draughts, light cleanliness, plenty of ventilation with fresh bedding supplied frequently.Frequently we find that ewes will disown their lambs.In such a case, wash the lamb thoroughly, particularly over the head, along the back, and over the rump and quarters, with warm water.Then dry thoroughly with a piece of warm Îlan- nel.The washing is to remove foreign odors.Then rub a small portion of the dam\u2019s milk on the parts mentioned.Also apply some of her milk to her own nose in order that the odor of the lamb will correspond to that of herself.In this way the ewe wi\" usually accept her lamb.Where a ewe dies at parturition, but the lamb survives, a similar method may be resorted to in getting one of the ewes to adopt the unfortunate lamb.Within an hour after the lamb is born it should receive nourishment from fhe dam.Some lambs are more stupid than others and insist on remaining in a corner away from the mother altogether.In a case where a ewe has twin lambs, one lamb may nurse and the dam fail to notice that the other lamb is being neglected.The attendant should sec that all the lambs receive suïficient food and attention from the mother.Often when a lamb has been neglected in this way for a few hours it hecomes very hungry and weak.Then when it nurses, the tendency is to overload the sto- result of which may be impaired digestion or a case of diar- rhœa.Treatment for the former condition is to see thiat the lamb gets moderate quantities.For the latter condition namely, diarrhea, a teaspoonful of high grade castor oil mixed with a little of the mother\u2019s milk and fed to the lamb wilh a spoon will often overcome the tronble.* T4 may be ne- cessary to repeat the dose in from two to four hours.Where this treatment proves ineffective, mix two teaspoonfuls of lime-water in some of the dam\u2019s milk and feed the lamb.If necessary, repeat the dose in from two to three hours.Constipation is very often responsible for unthriftiness in young lambs.Here again it is the duty of the attendant to see that the lamb\u2019s bowels are in an active condiljon.If the bowels are inactive, a healthy cendi- tion may be established by giving the limb injections per rectum, using soapy water.Use carbolic soap in view of its disinfecting value.Take a pint of luke warm water, form the suds withe the soap and after disinfecting the syringe in a 4 p.c., solution carbolic acid, inject 5 guantily of this soapy water into the rectum of the lamb.As soon as the bowels show indications of hecoming active the operation may cease.Lambs frequently become chilled soon afler birth and unless attention is given at once the chill may prove fatal.The chill is often due to sluggish circulation.To supply the lamb with some form, of stimulant will usually serve te revive it.A teaspoonful of whiskey or brandy mixed in a small quantity of the mother\u2019s milk and ied to the lamb, will usually result in increased circulation, thereby removing the danger.The lamb should be brought to cat as early as possible.Where only a few ewes gre fed from the same feed- ing-racks, near the floor, the lambs may be taught to nible at grain and roots along with their mothers.Too ften, however, the ewes will crowd the lambs from the feed.For \u201chis reason ga hurdle should be placed across one end of the shed and the lambs allowed an entrance of their own, under this hurdle, to small troughs where suitable food may be given and the lambs allowed to eat by themselves.Very small quantities of pulped turnips may he given the lambs once daily as soon as they will eat such food.A mixture of 1 part whole oats, and 1 part wheat bran, (by wt.) is suitable to feed the lambs, beginning once daily.Each lamb will require cnly a small handful {to begin.The best quality of second growth clover hay is suitable for roughage and should he fed in very small quantities.Best results from feeding the lambs are obtained by keeping the mangers clean and sweet and feeding within their appetites.Avoid over-feeding.Remember the lamb gets ils mother\u2019s milk in addition to the ration outlined.The ram lambs that are not to be kept for breeding purposes, providing they are healthy and strong, may he casirated at from three to four weeks of age.The scrotum, and instruments used in the operation should he disinfected with a 4 p.c.solution of carbolic acid.The end of the scrotum is cut off, the testicles made to emerge and with a scraping motion of the knife to prevent excessive bleeding the attachment of the chord is disconnected.A small por- al = © =, 5 = Le v THE GOOD AND BAD IN DAIRYING By Miss Laura Rose, Dairy Instructor, Ontario Agricultural College.(The following is an abridgment of the introductory paragraphs of an illustrated lecture which was pronounced the most interesting feature of the annual meeting of the Huntingdon Dlairymen\u2019s Association at Howick.We regret that we cannot do the lecture full justice because it is impracticable to reproduce the illustrations and the comments which accompanied them, We are confident, however, that our readers will agreee that no apology is necessary for the portions of the lecture which we do fing it Possible to place before them.ldi- tor.) Beginning with the head we will go oYer the cow and describe her good and bad points.We want her to have large nostrils, so as to take into her lungs plenty of fresh air.\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 tion of turpentine and lard mixed, applied to the wound is sufficient, to aid in healing.Lambs should he docked at an age varying from ten days to two weeks, as they suffer least at that age.The operation should be completed and the wound healed before the weather gets too warm and the flies become active.Otherwise, flies will deposit their eggs at the wound before the tail heals and a mass of maggots result.When a deposition of pests are to be found at the tail- stub, interfering with the lambs growth and general vigor, it is then that the shepherd comes to realize that earlier docking would have been much to his advantage financially.The tail may be separated by a stroke with 5 sharp knife, from below upwards.Frequently excessive bleeding follows such an operation.By rubbing a red-hot iron across the wound, the flesh is toughened and will usually overcome profuse bleeding.A very satisfactory method of docking lambs is to make use of the docking pincers.They resemble shoeing pincers in shape hut are heavier with 5 wider opening.These pincers are heated to redness and the tail disconnected by once closing the pincers.The object in heating the instrument is to avoid bleeding.Provide plenty of exercise together with a dry, clean, light shed for protection for inclement weather.Then with moderate quantities of palatable and nutritious food, the lambs are in a Position to make satisfactory growth until turned out on pasture.these R.B.COOLEY.Ten OR EE EE map FE Tag THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Miss.Laura Rose, A cow to be 4 good milker must be | when she lies down full a good feeder and we think the size of the mouth indicates to some extent the size of the appetite.Fine in the head ; broad and dished bee tween the eye, showing brain power, large bright eyes.A cow to give a heavy flow of milk must have strong nerves and the eyes indicate nerve force.The horns and ears are fancy points.The horus not too large or coarse ; the cars not overly large.Inside the ears and on the udder and tip of {he tail there should be an oily secretion, à sign of vigor.The neck should be slender, the shoulders slopiny, and there should be ood width between the fore legs and well filled out behind the should- trs, Just in this region is where the vital organs\u2014the hear( and lungs, are situated.If she is narrow chested she shows à predisposition {towards {u- bereulosis.Our first concern should be to have a healthy animal because she is a prodneer of human food, To take à fluid from the inside of à diseased animal aud put il into our own stomachs is anything but a pleasant thought.There are said to be more Ayrshives with good constitutions than any other breed.can be found in The hack bone should be prominent for through it runs the spinal cord, the chief nerve of the body.We want our cow 10 have long well sprung ribs \u2014 giving good depth of body.She must show a capacity for holding lots of food.A cow never does such good work as lustructor in Tome College.Dairying, Ontario Agricultural That is the between her and a man.Broad across the loins and coming Lo the hind quarters, which should be difference long.The legs should arch well in at the back and the flanks should be high.She must have space in which to carry a large well developed udder, one extending well up behind and well forward, teats cvenly plac- cd and conveniently long to be milked.We lay much stress on the milk veins.These veins do not held milk but blood, they are not entering the udder, but are coming Trom it.Milk is made from blood, therefore the more blood passing through to the udder the more milk we may expect from the udder, and these veins under the hody of the cow are the outward sign of the blood supply to the udder.We jike the veins {o be num- crous, large, and to extend well forward.Suppose a cow just about to be milked should suddenly die, If she had not died, she would have given us ten quarts of milk.To find out where she sfores her milk, we have a veterinarian open her hody.Search where he will, he can only got less than à quart of milk.The last process in the secretion or making of the milk fakes place while we have our hands on the teats.In other words we assist the cow in the manufacturing of her milk.The udder is made up of arteries, veins, tissue, nerves and millions of tiny cells which contain the material which form milk.When we press the {cals we excite the nerves, {hey tions of its authorized agent, act on the cell and transform the stored up material into milk.Since the production of milk is so largely dependent on nerve force we want to milk quickly, quietly and exhaustively to get the best results.A bad rough milker, or weak-handed boy or woman spoils many a cow.Nothing robs the milk pail so effectively as being abusive to your cow.She can get back at you by giving not only less milk, but milk of poor quality.Milh is 87 pe water and many a cow is humiliated because she has to bring her milk flow down to her water supply.A cow should have an abundance of both water and feed.advocate of feeding alialia and clover hay.One ton of good alfalfa hay is worth in food value a ton of bran.The cow has four stomachs.The first the paunch 1 am a strong corn silage, is immense holding from 36 to 10 gallons.The second is called the honey comb, on account of the cavities in the lining.13y a muscular action the food is forced from this stomach back to the mouth to be re- chewed.We sometimes hear a dairy inal say \u2018The cow has lost her cud\u2019, and you would think he wanted you to help her find it.The cow is really sulfering from indigestion, Stop her food allovance and give her a dose of salts.The third stomach or maniplies has the lining thrown up into leaves or folds between which the food is rubbed.Too much fibrous matter sometimes collects between the folds causing impaction.In such cases sloppy food and plenty.of water and a good dose of salts will] greatly help in restoring the cow to health.The fourth is the true or rennet stomach.This is the only stomach a newly born calf has, and is the source of our commercial rennet.We like lu tail is but 4 back bone.It is not more, but better, cows we want.Hall the cows in the Dominion do not give 4000 lbs of milk a year\u2014not paying for the food they consume.Our standard should be 6000 Ibs of 3.6 p.c.milk or about 300 Ibs butter yearly.The the see a long tail.continuation oi ESSENTIAL CONDITIONS For Membership in the Cooperative Agricultural Society of Cheese Makers of Quebec, either of Cheese Dairies, Butter Dairies, or Cheese and Butter Dairies combined for the Season 1910-1911, as owners {ENERAI, REGULATIONS 1.The factory to be built and fitted out on'the lines laid down by the Inspector General, if there is space.2.The surroundings and floor of the building to be well drained and kept in perfect cleanliness.3.On entering the Society members are bound to follow the instruc- under pain of forfeiting their memberghip.4.The factory to be under the supervision of an inspector.SPECIAL REGULATIONS FOR CHEESE FACTORIES.1.Each factory to receive at least 4000 Ibs.of milk per day.A factory receiving less milk to be admitted into the Society if recommended by the Chief Inspector.2.The cheeses made are to weigh not less than 82 lbs.nor more than 85 lbs.each.3.The making to be conducted hy a careful and competent person.The appearance and packing of the product to be perfect in every respect.4, Each building to be jrovided with a curing room built according to plans authorized by the P\u2019covincial Government.5.The cheese to be kept in tne curing room at least 12 days veïore shipping.6.When there is space the «ring rooms to be heated, and kept at the required temperature.7.The whey to be collected in a tin tank and not a wooden tank.SPECIAL REGULATIONS FOR CREAMERIES.* 1.Every creamery making pasteurized butter to receive at least 6000 lbs.of milk per day.A factory receiving less, however, to be admitted \u2018on recommendation by the Chief Inspector.2.Factories making unpasteurized butter to receive at least 4000 lbs of milk per day.A factory receiving less, however, to be admitted on recommendation by the Chief Inspector.8.Each of the above to be provided with a sufficiently large cold storage chamber.4.Every factory to he provided, for general use in manufacturing, with good tin, or better still, enamel tanks.5.Each factory to he provided with good water in proper quantity.6.\u2018The packing to be carefully done with double parchment paper as wrapping.THE MODERN MILKPAIL Bulletin No.326 of the New York I'xperiment Station discusses the modern mflkpail, and gives the following summary : .1.More than one half of the infection that milk receives during the milking process can be prevenied by ithe use of 9 covered pail.2.A covered pail that is less than iwelve inches high, and is provided with an elliptical opening seven by five inches, is practically as convenient for milking as an ordinary pail.Such a cover can be nlaced upon an ordinary milkpail hy any Linsmith at very little expense.3.Such a pail is inexpensive, durable, easily eleaned, and about the most effective in keeping hacteriy out of the milk.In the experiments conducted at the Station the following, improved pails were tested a.Freeman\u2019s pail (picture T).The \"use of that pail reduced the bacterial 1 y iE AEC ATT THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 217 content hy nearly 50 per cent, the counts being for the closed pail 1500 per teaspoonful and 2900 bacteria when the ordinary pail was used.The pail was used however under strong protest by the milkers on account of its shape and cxcessive height.Lb.Loy pail (picture 11).The use of this pail gave a decrease of 56 per cent, in bacterial content, the average counis being here 15000 for the open pail compared with 600 bacteria per teaspoonful for the Loy pail Also from a practical standpoint this pail was very satisfactory in ac- {ual milking.Other pails tested at the Station were the Atlantic pail and the Champion pail which were too high, and the Newburgh pail which was satisfactory in every respect, although not better than the Loy pail.Still another pail was tried, where the milk was strained through a cloth before entering the pail, but this straining-is objectionable as much from a bacteriological standpoint as from a practical standpoint.This is a very short extract of the bulletin and we should like to furnish a few observations.In the first place, the bacterial counts obtained in the test are so low as seldom to be found in practice.llowever, our own experience has been, that under unhygienic conditions the advantages of these improved pails are much more evident.We have used a pail resembling the Loy pail, and testing it in several stables we found the following reduction in the bacterial contents of the milk, as compared with the open pail.FIG.1.\u2014 OPEN PAII.FIG.2 \u2014 FREEMAN PAIL.(Better Form) Fo.if lovee over, flr.Vrilhparl.Open Covered pail.pail 1.Very dirty stable 75.000 22,000 2.Very dirty stable 50,000 27,000 3.Stable with straw ceiling .0.56,000 10,000 1.Ordinary country stable .0.\u2026.29,000 18,000 These resulls indicate the number of bacteria per teaspoonful of the milk, and certainly favour the covered pail.The writers of the bulletin advise having the lid soldered to the pail, but such a practice must be condemned, for as soon as the lid is soldered on there is the greatest trouble in cleaning such pails in a satisfactory way.We can prove that with the following figures which are col- under farm condi- lected ordinary lions.A perfectly sterilized Loy pail was taken, used for milking, and aîter- wards cleaned in the usual way with soda and hot water.No live steam was available on that farm, and we do not think there are many farms fitted out with live steam.iFirst day, bacterial count.11,700 Second day \u201c\u201c ¢ 26,000 Third day te « 52,000 lighth day \u201c\u2018 « 95,000 Sisteenth dav \u201c\u2018 É 86,000 Afterwards the pail was taken to pieces and the seams appeared to be dilled with a laver of old milk, which milk was teeming with bacteria.According to our estimate atl least 15 millions of bacteria were present in Such themselves and such poor one seam.figures certainly speak for results will be obtained at any farm where a closed pail is used with the jid soldered on, and where no live steam is available.We would advise the use of the ordinary milk pail provided with a sep- est number of marks obtained by the .X25, taken {rom this sum.arate well-fitting lid, shaped like the lid of the Loy pail.Such a lid could be made bv any tinsmith.With such a cover the pail is as effective as the Loy pail, whilst the cleaning of such a pail is much easier.Jo VANDERLECK.THE AGRICULTURAL CO-OPER- ATIVE SOCIETY OF CHEESE MAKERS OF QUEBEC.(Continued from March number) Successful Makers for 1910 Quebec, Jan.16th, 1911.To the Honorable Minister of Agriculture, Quebec.Sir, I have the honor of submitting to you a record of the prizes given at the Cheese Factory Competition, organized by the Co-operative Agricul- Society of Cheese-makers of 1910, a list of the prizes given to the mem- tural Quebec during the year with bers of this association for the high- first thirty members at the classing of the cheese made at Montreal, by Mr.Elie Bourbeau,\u2014 (CHEESE MAKING COMPETITION Curing Room .- 125 points.Whey tank .50 Points.Drainage .50 points.Care of the factory .50 points.l£quipment 2.1.25 points.Total.300 voints.In accordance with notes 1152, \u2014- 1910 it is intended that vou grant the sum of $1,200, to be divided hetween the makers of the factories belonging to the Cooperative Society.In the maker will receive The will he divided between them, taking first place each rest as the basis of {his division the average of the prizes obtained by each at the sales made between May 1st 1910.This and Noventer 1st divi- sion will be made from a report ofl the directors of the Cooperative So-| Department, a ciety to the report showing the prizes gained by each maker at cach salé as well as the average of these prizes.M.Bourbeau division of the prizes on ihe number suggesis basing the of marks the members have gained at the time of {he classifying of the cheeses at Montreal rather than the highest average obtained during the Division according to points towards the members.season.is more just.There are among them those who, disregarding their contract, have only sold cheese when the price was high, while others have offered cheese all the time, huve been subjected to all {he fluctuations of the market and al times received a low price for a very good cheese, thus naturally affecting the average of the prices obtained.For this reason the awarding of prizes according to the prices obtained becomes impossible.Factory these awarded al the Ilalf of each of Prizes (\u2018ompetition.owner and the prizes goes lo the other half to the maker OWNERS.1.Messrs.Tremblay & Bou- chard .$75.00 2.Mr.Frank Grimard .50.00 3.Mr.F.X.Trudel 40.00 4.Mr.J.A.Drew, Sec.30.00 5.Mr.Adélard Bergeron 25.00 6.Mr.Ovide Lacoursiere 15.00 7.Messrs.Bouliane & Tremblay \u2026 0.ee 10.00 8.Rev.Ludger Perusse 5.00 Additional prizes recommended by Mr.Bourbeau : 9.Mr.Charles Lavoie .\u2026 5.00 10.Mr.Joseph Chenard .5.00 | \u201c5260.00 MAKIERS.Messrs.Tremblay & Bouchard $75.00 Mr.Frank Grimard 50.00 Mr.Iémile Bélanger 40.00 Mr.lugène Séguin ooo 30.00 Mr.Adélard Bergeron .25.00 Mr.l£d.Valois +00 15.00 Messrs, Bouliane et Tremblay 10.00 Mr.Louis Roy + 5.04 Additional prizes recommended by Mr.Bourbeau Mr.Louis Blais .22000 5.00 Mr.J 1, Chenard 2220000 5.00 $260.00 Total, $520.00, Respectfully submitted, J.ART.PAQUET, Accountant.vem Eau ae 218 REPORT Numbers in order.« P.5 « P.4 (PB CP.4 (CP.7 (.PP.8 CP.4 ( P.10 poll p12 CP.13 (POI ( P.15 CP 16 CP 17 CP.JS CP.50 (.P.20 (1% 21 (CP.22 (.P.23 CP.34 CP.26 CP.26 CP.37 CP.28 c, PP.39 (.P.30 CP.145 (CP.33 PRIZES AWARDED TO MA KEIRY ACCORDING TO THIS NUMBER OF POINTS Numbers in order CP.CP.CP.CP.C.P.C.P.CP.CP.CP.CP.CP, CLP.CP.C.P.CP.CP.CP.C.P.CP.CP.CP.CP.CP.CP.(CP.CP.CP.C.P.CP.(CP.3 our = 15 16 17 18 50 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 45 32 OFF THE FACTORY Proprietors or Agents.Zénon Voyer [Léon Hudon \u2018Thadée Robichaud l*rédérie Boucher Joseph Chénard Adélard Blais ( Bie) Chu Lavoie Samuel Belzile [Léon Cloutier Tremblay «& Frank Grimard Adélard Perron Bouliane A.Laganière Miche] Morvan Grégoire Mallette Joseph Joly Léopold Frudel AH.Baribeau I.XL.Trudel Ovide luacoursière X.Bergeron Fugene Faucher Révd, ludger Pérusse Joseph Simoneau 1,.Perrault Joseph Foucher J.A.Drew, Sec.Calixte Vézina Adélard Bergeron Bouchard & Tremblay Judges of Competition : Total.K.BOURBEAU FE, BOUCHER J.ART.PAQUET.ORTAINED IN TIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHEESE AT MONTREAL.Makers Zénon Voyer J.B.Roy Alphonse Lévesque Adélard Chénard JE Chénard J.19.Gagnon Louis Blais JR.Gagnon Iséon Cloutier Tremblay & Bouchard Frank Grimard Adélard Perron Bouliane & Tremblay A.Laganiètre Michel Morvan (Grégoire Mallette Joseph Joly W.Simpson All.Baribeau Timile Bélanger lod.Valois X.Bergeron ljugène Faucher Louis Roy Joseph Simoneau A.Perreault J.19.Massicotte Fugetne Sdéguin C.Vézina Adélard Bergeron Judges of the Competition : 10.I.J.Art.Paquet, Accountant of Bourbeau, Addresses.St-Valérien, Rimouski St-Valérien, Rimouski Bic, Rimouski Bic, Rimouski Bie, Rimouski St-Jean de Dieu, Bie, Rimouski .St-Fabien, Rimouski .St-Fabien, Rimouski .St-Jérôme, Lac St-Jean .St-Gédéon, Lac St-Jean .St-Prime, Lac St-Jean .Hébertville, Lac St-Jean .Normandin, Lac St-Jean Thurso, Labelle Masson, Labelle .Cheneville, IL.abelle .260 Albert St, Ottawa, Ont.luuskville, Ottawa .St-Prosper, Champlain .Batiscan, Champlain .St-Flavien, Lotbinière .St-Flavien, ILotbhinière .St-Flavien, Iotbinière .St-Flavien, Lotbinière .Témiscouata Stanfold, Arthabaska .1211 2-2 = St-Lue de Vincenne, Champlain .Beech Ridge, Argenteuil N.-D.de Ham, Wolfe .St Félicien, Lac St Jeun Inspector-general of Cheese factories.Boucher, President of the (Cooperative Agricultural Society of the Minister of Agriculture.nN Points obtained Prizes paid |lighest 943.5 $14.87 $25.00 93.4 14.85 25.00 93.8 14.91 25.00 93.9 14.93 25.00 93.8 14.91 25.00 90.8 14.44 25.00 94.7 15.05 25.00 93.2 14.82 25.00 93.14.63 25.00 95.8 15.23 25.00 96.15.26 25.10 94.6 15.04 z5.00 95.5 15.18 25.00 93.5 14.87 25.00 95.15.10 25.00 94.5 15.02 25.00 94.5 15.02 25.00 95.2 15.14 25.00 92.4 14.69 25.00 94.4 15.01 25.00 95.1 15.12 25.00 45.5 15.17 25.00 95.5 15.17 25.00 96.4 15.32 25.00 93.6 14.87 25.00 95.15.09 25.00 94.3 14.98 25 00 95.15.09 25.00 93.1 14.79 25.00 97.1 15.43 -5.00 $2,831.1 $450.00 $750.00 Total $1,200.00 Cheesemukers of Quebec.COMPETITION OF THE COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF CHEESEMAKERS OF QUEBEC.Points Points Prices obtained Makers Addresses.obtainable obtained proprietors makers Zénon Voyer St.Valerien, Rimouski.300 226 eee een J.B.Roy St.Valerien, Rimouski.300 225 eee Alphonse Lévesque Bic, Rimouski.300 264 Let eel Adélard Chénard Bic, Rimouski.np 24 1 ee J I.Chénard Bic, Rimouski.Co 300(10)264.5 5.00 5.00 J.KE.Gagnon St-Jean de Dieu, Témiscouata 300 264 Lara eau Louis Blais Bic, Rimouski.; 300(9) 265 5.00 5.00 JS.Gagnon St.Fabien, Rimouski.300 269 LL Léon Cloutier St.Fabien, Rimouski.300 258 0 Ll Tremblay & Bouchard St.Jerome, Lac St-Jean.300 (1) 286 75.00 75.00 Frank Grimard St.Gedeon, Lac St-Jean.300 (2) 285 50.00 50.00 Adélard Perron St.Prime, Lac St-Jean.300 261 Lee eee Bouliane & Tremblay Ilébertville, Lac St-Jean.300(7) 275 10.00 10.00 A.laganière Normandin, Lac St-Jean.300 250 Lee ee Michel Morvan Thurso, Labelle.300 263 Lean eee (irégoire Mallelle Massou, Labelle.300 62 Joseph Joly Cheneville.To.300 264 Les eee W.Simpson 260.Albert St., Ottawa.300 260.Lee All.Baribeau Luskville, Ottawa.300 20 Lee [mile Bflanger St.Prosper, Champlain.30003) 284 40.00 40.00 lod.Valois Batiscan, Champlain.300(6) 279 15.00 15.00 A, Bergeren Si, Flavien, Lotbinière.- 300 260.eee ljugène Faucher St, Flavien, Lotbinière.300 260 Lean eee louis Roy St.Flavien, Lotbinière, .300(8) 270 3.00 5.00 Joseph Simoneau St.FlavVien, Lotbinière.300 255 Lea ane A.Perreault Stanfold, Arthabaska.300 230 Lean Lee J.FE.Massicotte St.Luc de Vincenne, Champlain.- 300 264.uses lsugene Séguin Beech Ridge, Argenteuil.300(4) 282 30.00 30.00 CC.Vézina N.D.de Ham, Wolfe.300 PE Lo el Adélard Bergeron St.Félicien, Lac St-Jean.- - 300(5) 281 25.00 25.00 $260.00 $260.00 $520.00 = O ~ \u2014 LS = [yl HOW THE DOMINION GOVERNMENT MIGHT HELP THE POULTRY INDUSTRY The Dominion Government has not done all it might to help and encourage the Poultry Industry.In 1898 two Poultry Stations were established by Prof.Robertson, one in Ontario and one in Quebec.These were afterwards increased to over thirty stations at various points throughout the Eastern Provinces.The object of these stations was to assist the poultrymen «f the provinces in which thev were situated to introduce the l'nglish method of feeding and killing their cockerels.On some of these plants the most useful of our general purpose breeds were kept.In adaition to these stations there was, and is still, 4 Poultry Department in connection with the Central Experiment Farm at Otlawa.The Government Poultry Stations are now done away with, and the work has in part been taken up by the Provincial Governments in some Provinces and bv the Macdonald College in Quebec.The work done on the Government Poultry Plant at Ottawa is far from satisfactory {o those seeking inform- THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND IHORTICULTURE ation on any of the many different branches of the poultry industry.A short time ago, I visited the plant and {to mv astonishment found an antiquated poultry plant totally inadequate to meet the needs of the ime portant work which should be carried on there.The condition of the birds was just as ene would expect to find under {he housing conditions to which thev were subjected.Some of {he birds were in colony houses, the majority, however, I found in a continuous house which appears to have been built rather from an artistic standpoint than one of usefulness.There is a total disregard of the necessity for as much sunlight as possible, the parts of the house devoted to the laving stock facing west.The windows are all se- curelv fitted with storm windows, and large heaters are placed at intervals through the house, which of course in such a house may be a ne- cessily.While {his continual summer temverature mav be conducive to the production of more cves.which 1 verv much doubt, it is not a good lesson to attemnt to teach those visiting the plant.It is not practicable for the average poultry-keeper to keep his birds under such conditions and it is hard to erase from his mind what he sees there, even though vou do show him that a few birds are kept in the cold colonv houses.Tt is not mv desire to cast any reflection upon those in charge of this plant, hut rather to point out the utter uselessness of their efforts \u2014no matter how honest they mav he \u2014under existing circumstances.There is no evidence that sufficient monev is allowed those in charge of the De- nartment to imnrove their flock of hirds bv the introduction of new hlood, or to allow for a proper selection.Doubtless, if a free hand were allowed and a modern plant erected the country would get some benefit from the monev snent and the faithful efforts of Prof.Gilhert and his assistants, who are now endea- vourine \u2018to make brick without straw.\" In the foreroine paragraphs I have aitemnted to show how much work has heen and is heine done hv the Dominion Government for the Poultry Industry.There mav have heen other work which T know not of.T hone there is.T have no desire to criticize, but it want to point out how in my humble opinion the Poul- trv Producers of Canada, and through them Canadians, miæht he assisted.There are two lines of work upon which nracticallv nothing has heen done, which are of national importance and ahsolutely essential for the future success and prosperity of the industrv.viz -\u2014 First.Scientific Research work unon Poultry Diseases \u2014 more especiallv those affecting the chick and the {urkev \u2014 and second, Co-operation in marketing.This work : can only he managed as it ought to be managed hy the Dominion Government.The greatest hindrance to poultry development is the inability to rencw the flock successfully, due to diseises of which poultrymen know very little, and which are for the most part troubling chickens.The question ay be asked.\u2014 \u2018\u2018What does it matter whether a chick lives or dies?Put is it the case of a chick here and there ?I wonder how many people have troubled to estimate the loss to the country through mortality in chicks 7?Of every hundred chicks lLat- ched not more than sixty are reared \u2014 this is an average of figures received from poultry men who hatch out annually about fifteen thousand chicks.Let us take it that fifty million chicks grow to market age, and it means that had it not been for the mortality of 40 p.c., we should rave had two-thirds more or in all eighty- three million chickens growing to market age.Taking the value of the fifty millions as $20,000,000, this mortality means a loss to the country in one year of $13.200,000.This is a tremendous loss and more than any country can afford to have.It cannot all be avoided, but if scientific investigation will save the half of it, $6,000,000, the expense entailed would he more than justified.Why does this loss occur ?Simply because no organized investigation has been carried on with regard to the early ailments of our friend the hen.We often hear the old saving \u201cLive and let live\u201d, but the most of us \u201clive\u2019\u2019 and only\u2014*\u2018\u2018let live\u201d if it costs us neither time nor troutle.Two | bulletins have been published during the last ten vears dealing with poultry diseases and remedies.the one practically a rehash of the other and neither based on verv thorough investiration.One of the As- gistants to the Dominion Pathologist told me quite recently that nothing definite was known regarding such diseases as white diarrhea in chicks and black head in turkevs.Different theories as 1o the origin of these diseases and their cures are propounded almost everv dav and in the meantime our birds are dying by hundreds and thousands with the breeder perfectly helpless.We are taught that \u201cprevention is better than cure\u201d but how can prevention he accomplished with the cause unknown.The establishment of » Bactericlo- gical Laboratory in charge of scientifically trained men would in the course of two or three vears result in the publication of valuable results which would he a hoon to the poultrymen of the Dominion.Tn this Labhoratorv diseases of all kinds affectine vouliry could he studied and causes and remedies ascertained.In connection with this department of research it would he necessary 1a have a poullrv plant sufficiently laree {o encounter all commercial diffienlties which arise.This is a ercat work and should ne Let us consider viz.the second point Co-operation.Canada has ceased to be an exporter of poultry products.Surely this is a deplorable statement to have to mare.The reason for this is invariably given as \u2018Supply has not kept pace with the demand,\u201d but is it {rue in its entirety ?What has been the result of the increased demand on the producer and the buyer ?The producer has sold to the buyer all and everything that had the slightest resemblance {o either an egg or a hen, irrespective of age or any other consideration.The estimated loss from marketing bad eggs alone in Canada last year has been placed by , prominent Canadian Produce Merchant at $1,850,000.If eggs had been marketed in the proper manner during the past few years these losses from bad eggs would never have occurred and Canada might still have been exporting eggs.Is there any reason why this loss should occur from vear to year ?There certainly is under the present system of marketing but it can be remedied casily if gone al ip the right way.Lack of system in marketing is the centre of all the trouble, which is very much aggravated by too much competition.For this there is but one remedy \u2014 Co-operation.Co-op- eration among producers in marke{- ing and between buver and seller.It is tne custom for a producer to mañket his produce indevendent of his neighbour.He imaginrs his neighhour is his enemy and the consumer is always trying to run down prices.This is not to be wondered at when he receives 15 cents a dozen for eges for which the consumer is paying 25 cents.Between the producer and consumer, however, we find the eggs have probably changed hands from three to five times.Fach time the handler or middleman has taken his profit for handling, and so the dissatisfaction of both producer and consumer is directly due to the method of marketing \u2014 the dealers paying a flat price, which covers good and bad, and helping the dishonest to the detriment of the honest.The bad egg question must be considered.Under the present system of marketing both producer and huver use no discrimination, and the doubtful quality of the eggs when thev leave the producer does not improve by the time the middleman is reached with whom the consumer deals.Seventeen per cent of the eggs sold by the producer have to he discarded sometime during their wanderings.The producer should alwavs hear in mind that the consumer never ohiects to the price he has to pav provided he is getting good quality.Let me give the reports of {wo Quebec and Ontario Produce Merchants to prove that the loss estimated from had eggs is not cxaggorated.taken up hv the Government, as the | The Quebec Merchant states that dur- results will benefit the whole of the ing the period from Mav 15th.to Poultry Producers in the Dominion, | Octoher 1st, he handles from 35,000 and the work is too extensive to be to 40,000 cases of eges (30 dozen per undertaken and duplicated provincial- case) and that two-thirds of ly or hy private individuals.these cases contain no new laid eggs.The 219 Ontario Merchant handles about 30,- 000 cases of eggs in the same period and says that with strict landling there would be none classed as new laid, forty per cent.of the whole would he stale or shrunken and ten per cent bad.These merchants further state thal if the bad eggs were eliminated they could pay from two to cight cents a dozen more for eggs.How will co-operation help to remedy these cvils ?By {he producers in a district marketing through \u201cone centre, thereby cutting out the middlemen; and by these centres receiving only that produce which is good and fresh beyond dispute, Poultry producers are for the most part in the business on a small scale, foo small for them to become responsible for the organization work, and dealers object to paying the cost of organization and then having to come-in on an even footing with other dealers who have paid nothing.All these difficulties will be overcome if the Goverment wii} undertake the educational work.The producer must be educated for hig own good and for the good of the industry and the countrv \u2014 to see the advantages of co-operative marketing.With this must also follow the standardization of poultry products, which will do awav with the manv different grades at present recognized.The standardization of poultry products and cooperation in marketing is an absolute necessity, and is a work of such national importance and character that there should he no question as fo where the help is fo come from to carrv out the work.The fruit and dairy industries have both been assisted hv the Government.The result of this assistance \u20183 avnarent.Both of these industries have been raised to + bivher vlane and mean much to the national assets.When the Fruit Marks Act was vassed, considerable opposition was experienced from buyers.A similar act with regard to poultry might well be passed, and as such an act js being advocated by both producer and buyer, its hetter enforcement is practically assured.Fverybodv is ready to admit the Government has done a great deal for different branches of agriculture, the dairy branch in particular, and all are prond of {he standing Canada has.especially in the cheese market.of the world.The dairy.industry is looked upon as one of Canada\u2019s greatest indusfries.We are told {hat in 1909 the value of the dairy produce amounted to $100,000,000 : but during the same period, under the conditions before mentioned, and with practicallv no help from the Government, the poultry produce of Canadian Farms amounted {no nearly one- half that amount.or at least $40 - nnn, 000.Very few industries respond to good treatment as readily as does the , poultry industry, and there never was a time so opportune for that good {treatment to he applied as at \u201cpresent, and more particularly as autant amsn ET ies mes ea Sp or 220 bothh consumer and producer are demanding attention and consideration.The poultry industry is of such importance that it must be looked after and no government ean afford to ignore it.ERNEST RHODES.PURE BREED EGGS FOR HATCHING Brecds \u2014 Plymonth Rocks, Wyandottes and Rhode Island Red.Brood of 15 eggs \u2014 $1.00 for the province of Quebec.Per hundred \u2014 $6.00 and $8.00 ; $6.00 if we choose the breed; $8.00 if vou choose it yourself.The reason for this difference in price is as follows: Fees for incubation must he sent within 10 days after laying.As it may be that the eggs of such and such a breed are more abundant than another breed we prefer selling them at a low price.Address \u2014 Gunn, Langlois & Co, 941 St.Paul St, Montreal.HOPPER FEEDING.Nowadavs hopper feeding common- lv means that fowls have food before them at all times.Tn mv view this is a reactionary idea that is hound in time to work havoc in everv respect with our fowls.In mv view, savs James Shackleton, Milburn, N.J.anv fowls so treated will become lazv ultimatelv.T should be better satisfied to feed T.eghorns or other small breeds in such a wav.than anv larger hirds, but would not so treat any breed whatever except in an emergency and for a limited time.exercise is necessary to shape, digestive canacilv, health and product.The average fowl of anv hreed will be willing to ret all food at the easiest, and will thus become lazv and inactive.Then, such a fowl! will hecome subject to indigestion, however, fed.Next, such a fowl will lose in diges- {ive capacity.Next, such a fowl will cease to be healthy.Progenv will be hard to rear.and such as are reared will all be of bad shape.prone to sickness, and not as productive as their parents.With successive gener ations all things will become even worse.Then why is hopper feeding in this wav go seductive?Firstly, he- cause it is so much casier for the poultry keeper.Secondlv, because the fowls are likelv to lav better for a time, short or long according to their tendency to laziness.I recently saw some white Orpingtons that a farmer had hought, and thought he had drawn a prize in his purchase.Their former owner had hopper fed them, hut their new owner \u201cthe farmer) expected them fo roam around his farm and pick a large part of their total food hv foraging for it.Thev had been {oo much habituated to picking all their food from hoppers at all times open to them to THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE EOI ANN VON WS NeW + + 2 Woman\u2019s orld + OANANINIAANNINIAARIINIAANINIA ANNA NNN AND HORTICULTURE + & ve RATHER If twenty men loved twenty maids And the maids they loved them not, How many bachelors all forlorn Would woefully wish they had ne'er been horn To mourn their single lot ?Twenty ! If twenty maids loved twenty men And the men came not to woo, How many brides in the briefest while Would bring to the altar those men, and smile At the neal jobh carried through ?dwenty ! WOMEN\u2019S INSTITUTE AT DUNHAM Dunham, Feb, 18, 1911.The first regular meeting of {he Women's Institute met in Bests Hall on Saturday afternoon, at 3 p.m., with a good attendance of members and visitors.Five new members were added to the roll, making a total membership of twenty-five.The subject of the storing of Winter vegetables was the subject that was under discussion for the day.A paper was read by Mrs.F.Gilbert, and was followed by a short discussion.Two sclections were read by Mrs, Wilkinson and bv Miss Brown.even eat of the oreen fond which was close to where tbev ennerceated.They did nothing all day, every dav.but waited around the feed room to be fed.There were two children in the farmer\u2019s family whose delight was {to throw a handful of food.(whole grain mostly) {a the fowls whenever thev felt the imnulse, and they left the feed room door open frequentle and {he fowls expected that and waited for it.The far - mer cot very few eoes, and these fowls were alwavs falling sick, and dvine of indigestion.Once.when one of them died T made an autopsy and found scarcel arvv erit in the gizzard, thourh there was abundance of good crit on a highwav within fifty feet of where the fowls congresated, which the fowls were free to pick.There were some nartiallv grown vounesters in the lot.and a worse looking lot it would be hard to find.horrible shape.poor health, bad habits, and evervihing else that is bad.Such is, in mv view, {he ultimate condition of all flocks fed in hoppers that contain food at all times, that are accessible at all times.whatever sorts of food the hoppers contain.And here an end.I was decided to meet in the Hall for some further mectings, and the \u201cmembers thought that it was advisable to make a business arrangement for the use of the same for such time as it would he needed.The time of meeting was fixed for a little earlier, 2.30 p.m.Saturday, instead of 3 .p.m.March meeting was arranged to be devoted to sewing and the exchange of patterns.This is going to he a real live Women\u2019s Institute, and we wish all success and every prosperity.Since the organization of this one there has been a great deal of inquirv into the work and to the necessary steps to secure {the same kind of organization, and we are sure {hat before long there will be many similar ones in the rural districts.WOMEN\u2019S INSTITUTE AT HOWICK On Monday, March 13th, a branch of the Women's Institute was organized at Howick.This is the second organization of this kind in Quebec and this movement™s heing followed with considerable interest.Mrs.Muldrew of Macdonald College went 1o Howick by request to assist in the work or organization and wns the principal speaker of the cvening.After outlining the nature and the aims of the Women's Institute and rivine a brief but comprehensive history of the Organization as formed and carried on in other provinces, Mrs Muldrew spoke of its value to the woman in rural districts.and cave some idea of how it might fill à large place in the social and educational life of this province.We give some extracts from her address.\u201cAs we have scen, the object of the Institute is to improve the homes of the country by pointing out ways and means of making them more ideal : and to improve social conditions by bringing the women together with a common aim, where they can exchange ideas, and thus afford opportunity for a hroader and a better social life.The unit in this country is {he home, not the individual, and to raise the level of life we must improve the homes.A country can grow great and keep great only through the moral strength of its people, and the moral strength of a people depends largely upon the quality of the homes from which they ro to {ake their share in {the world\u2019s work.Then if we are to have à nation of men and women the quality of whose lives shall be sane and sound we must strengthen the hands and encourage the hearts of the Home Makers.It is claimed as a reason for its existence that just such a source of help and inspiration the Women\u2019s Institute may become,\u201d \u201cThere was à time within the memory of most of us when farming was not looked upon as a very exalted eall- ing, and to sav the last word of a man was lo say that he was a \u201cfarmer.\u201d Now all {his has changed.\u201cFarming\u201d has become \u201cAgriculture,\u201d and farmers cab have what they ask for.Why ?It began when farmers handed together in \u201cFarmers\u2019 Clubs,\u201d when Agricultural Colleges were established, and when men studied the meaning -and {he method of Asricult- ure.And what does this all mean ?It means, of course, that Agriculture has hecome recognized as a science.How about the women ?Are they kecping pace with the men ?As the men meet and discuss the value in time and labor of this and that new piece of machinery, \u2014 the Self-binder, the Corn-planter, ete., can the wonsen in like measure tell the names and makers of the best clothes mangle, the best mop wringer, or washing machine (gravity or ball bearing) the most perfect sewing machine or sewing model, or vacuum cleaner, ete.ad inf.\u201d \u2018You are trying to keep the boys on the farm and bv making their work casier it is being done and fathers and sons are in a fair wav to be kept, but what are vou doing to keep mother on the farm a few years longer or to make the sisters reluc - tant to leave their own home except to make a better for themselves ?Many a mother who has died in middle life would have stayed a few vears longer on the farm if her work had been a bit Pasier and happier, and if ber home had been so planned as to enable her to save time and la- hor needlessly spent.\u201d Give the women a chance to compare notes, to have more social life, to broaden their outlook.to enrich other Hives by giving of the best they have to others.léncourage the women {o {reat the house as well as the men treat the farm.TIelp the woman to realize her place as a factor in economics.\u201d .\u201cThere is no use in increasing the wealth of a farm if out of that increased wealth the only noticeable result is a higeer bank te count.The Home is the Tar centre, no matter where il is situated, and where there is no home as a centre, the whole is mercly a machine for grinding out dollars, not a place for humans to live and move and have their bcing.HE the Institute can help this province towards better homes, and il undoubtedly has done so cIsewhere, it is worthy of the esteem and support of our Women and of our Men.\u201d À >= THE JOURNAL OF AGRICUL \u2018WOMEN\u2019S INSTITUTE NOTES Order of meetings AL all Institute meetings it makes for better business and a wiser use of the time if a definite form of order is used.The usual order is as follows : Opening exercises, Reading of Minutes, Approval of the same by the audience, and the signing of Minutes hy the President.Unfinished husiness.Report of Committees.Business arising out of the Minutes and reports of Committees.New business : Miscellaneous husi- Hess.Regular programme.Adjournment.The President and Scecretary-Treas- urer usually sit together at a table in the front in order to be able to consult.on any matter that may arise.Promptness in beginning and ending meetings often makes all the difference between a good and a poor meeting.I is always advisable for {lie members even when just putting a motion or making y suggestion to stand up First of all it gets the women accus- fomed to the doing of it, it is more business like, and by doing it many times it becomes verv much easier to stand longer and to speak on the leet, and this is really the greatest difficulty some women experience.A vote on anv matter can he taken by show of hands or by ballot.If there is any especial talent for music in anv Branch, he sure to use it.Any woman who can sing or play well should he asked to do so as music is alwavs a distinct addition.SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION Numerous cases of smallpox have occured lately in the province of Quebec and Ontario, and the spread of this terrible disease has brought again to the fore the all-important question of vaccination.Vaccination may not appear so very important to our present generations as they have had the full benefit of it for more than a century, and in vence smallpox is no longer the terrible scourge it was before that great discovery.However, when we refresh our memories with old records we soon hecome convinced that smallpox was the most general, the most dreadful disease to which mankind was ever exposed.In the 18th century smallpox killed, in Furope alone, not less than 0,000,000 people.In America smallpox was introduced when the Spaniards conquered Mexico andiof a population of 11,000,000 more than 6,000,000 died of the bisease, One of our hest historians speaks of smallpox in the following well chosen words: \u2018It was always present, filling the churchyards with corpses, tormenting with constant fear all it had not vet stricken, leaving on those whose lives it spared the hideous \u2018where the purity of the water is traces of its power, turning the habe into a changeling at which the mother shuddered, and making the eyes and cheeks of the betrothed maiden: objects of horror to the lover.\u201d Such was the exact situation less than a century ago, and that these terrible conditions are of the past is due to vaccination only.There are other diseases, that are more destructive than smallpox, but against these diseases we can protect ourselves hy taking very simple precautions; not so with smallpox however, there are no means to guard one's sell against smallpox hut vaccination; it is really the most infectious disease known.The principal causes of this extreme infectiouness are in the first place the ability of the germs to live for months and months in a dried condition and secondly the fact that a smallpox patient ejects virulent germs all the time.For example, the germs are abundant on the scales that come from the skin during recovery, from the dis- case.These dry scales are casily hlown through the air and so very large areas arc infected by the .dangerous germs.Luckily for the human race vaccination will give efficient protection against the disease.As with many other discoveries, the original method had its short-comings, but the method has been improved gradually, until at the present time we can produce a vaccine that is nearly perfect.To obtain the vaccine cowpox is produced in healthy calves.The content of the sore is gathered, mixed with glycerine and stored away until all living organisms are killed.Then the material is filled into small glass tubes; ten of these tubes are put in a wooden box together with a sterile needle.The actual vaccinalion is done in the following way: The upper arm is washed carefully avith soap and cold water.Then the soap is washed off with cold water and the arm dried with a clean towel, without rubbing the skin.In the country, and in places doubtful, it is advisable to boil the water and let it cool down before using it.The water must be cold, and the arm must not be rubbed, to prevent an accumulation of blood on the spot, as blood has a killing action on the vaccine.After that care- full cleaning, the skin is scraped with the needle over a surface of a 5 cent piece, and {he vaccine well rubbed in.This vaccine causes a local inflammation, which is not dangerous to the patient, but supplies his blood with considerable resistance against smallpox.We must now touch upon the dangers of vaccination as brought forward hy its enemies.We do not think it necessary to emphasize the advantages of it, as the history of the last century is one 1 ng plea in favour of vaccination.The opposition against vaccination, vigorously conducted by the Anti-vac- cination League, has Never received TURE AND HORTICULTURE the support of real eminent physicians and we think that \u2018he statement sent out by the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania expresses Very well the opinion of medici in general.The resolution read as follows: WE KNOW OF NO PHYSICIAN OK 12M1- NENCE IN TIS COUNTRY, WHO IS NOT A BELIEVER IN \u2014 NAY EVEN AN ARDENT ADVOCATE OF \u2014VACCINATION.And again amno- ther statement savs: \u201cHardly any of the physici-ns, who oppose vaccination are even GRADUATES OF MI- DICAT, COLLEGES and none of them have any prominence in their profession.\u201d Let: us turn our attention to the actual points brought up hy these anti vaccination.They make much of the fact that it has happened that together with the vaccine other germs entered the hodv, causing serious disorders.These misforiunes are however of the pasts and occured before the present preparation of vaccine was introduced.Personally we have much experience in vaccinating with this new vaccine and have never seen any secondary infection through pus-formine hacteria or other germs.The inflammation alwavs took its normal course, heing sometimes considerahle in cases where vaccine had not taken before, but it was alwavs the characteristic local inflammation.Their second strong point of objection is that vaccinated persons have contracted smallpox.Our answer is that the protection from vaccination does not last indefinitely and as an average a person should be revaccinat- ed cverv seven Vrars.and in times of severe epidemics it might he prudent to he vaccinated cach vear.Then lastly there have heen persons whose svstems could not stand vaccination, and who became seriously iniured by it.but such an extraordin- arv person with such an exceptional constitution waonld certainly he unable to resist the weakest attack of smallpox, and would he 4 constant menace to his surroundings.We do not think that we have the richt to sacrifice the community for the sake of the individual.The two following statements make out the whole campaien in favour of Vaccination.1.FVERYONI SHOULD BE VACCINATED TO PROTECT FIIMSELF.* voerenn Who is not vaccinated is sure to he attacked some time during his life, and {he considerable risk of losir his life is small compared with the possibility of being scarred and pitted for life.2.EVERYONE SHOULD BF VACCINATED TO PROTECT OTHERS.\"- «bite of Vaccination an actual case Jof smallpox is alwavs dangerous to {the surreundines and.besides, {he ex- coseés of quarantinine, etc.are very high.The older inhabitants of the provinee will remember how in 1885 ane man carried smalipox to Montreal and caused an epidemic, which cost three thousand lives.Tt is the duty of every citizen to be vaccinated at recular intervals and to helo to nrotect thee community agaînst that terrible scourge called smallpox.J.VANDERTTCK.221 METHODS OF BREADMAKING There is no article of diet that is so acceptable as good, sweet, homemade bread, and yet there is a great deal made that cannot claiui to be sweet or wholesome.There are many methods, but the same rule holds for all if success is Lo he attained.It is Jargely a matter of cleanliness, of exact care as to temperature, and of a knowledge of materials and their manipulation.The latter can be gained by experience, but with care there is no excuse for a bad loaf of bread.We give below an extract from a bulletin published by Professor Harcourt of Guelph, who has for years made a special study of flours and of {heir hreadmaking properties.\u201cThere are various methods of malk- ing bread in the home 1 \u2014 THE FERMENT, SPONGTH AND DOUGI METHOD is one of the most common in use, consisting of a ferment, sponge and dough stage.(a) FERMENT.\u2014 A thin batter made up of potato or plain water, a little sugar, and enough flour to make a pour batter, placed in a temperature of from 70° to 80° F.until it is light and spongy.This method is best suited to the use of dry compressed veast, which is in a dry dormant state, and needs the food, moisture and warmth to bring it into a healthv vigorous ferment.(bY SPONGE.\u2014 At this stage the sugar, salt shortening and sufficient liquid to make the desired amount of bread is added to the ferment, and flour added to make a thick hatter, and this sponge is allowed to rise 8 to 10 hours.(e) DOUGTIT.\u2014 The douch is then made hy the addition of all the flour needed 16 make the mass of the desired consistency.2 SPONGE AND DOUGH, probably the most widely used in the home, is the best adapted to the use of soft and hard flours.Sponge may be made with hard Manitoba flour and fermented fom 6 to 10 hours.The hard flours take a much longer time to ripen, hence the reason for giving them a little longer time in the sponge.Potato water, and a little mashed potato improves this sponge.This is a desirable method where the home-made veast is used, or the moist compressed veast.The dongh is made from this sponge with cither hard or soft flour, either siv- ing good results when properly used.The soft flour gives a loaf of very close texture, hut a characteristic sweet flavour that is very much liked by same people, and can he obtained anly where flour is used.3.OFF-HAND DOVGH is that method_ in which the dough is made direct without any preceding stages of ferment and sponge, and it is the best method to use when it is desirable to make bread in a short time.Because of the short fermentation pe riod, il is necessary to use a much \u201clarger amount of veast in proportion Onfarin winter wheat if 222 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND IIORTICULTURE to the amount of liquid, and flavor must to some extent be sacrificed, but if rightly manipulated, this method means a very nice bread, and one in which a good grade of soft flour may be used.Il is also a good method to follow in winter when there is no means of controlling temperature.; The following are the detailed directions for making bread by each of these methods.When the recipe does not furnish the requisite amount to make the desired quantity of bread, the amount of the various in- eredients may be halved, doubled, or changed in any desired way, provided their relative proportions remain the \u2018 same.FERMENT, SPONGE AND DOUGH.1 dry yeast cake.9 maris liquid.2 level tablespoons salt.9 level tablesponns sugar.> level tablespoous lard.Flour.PREPARATION OF TIE FTER- MENT.\u2014 Put , pint of water at a temp.of 90 deg.Fahr into a howl.Drop the drv veast cake info it and soak for half an hour, then stir in rnotgh flour, to make a thin batter, and one tahlespoon of sugar, and best until well mixed.and full of bubbles.St-nd im a temperature of from 70 de-.to 80 deg.until light, which will take from 4 to 5 hours PREPARATION OF THE SPONGE \u2014 When the ferment is ready put the rest of the sugar, salt and lard info a kneading Dan.bring the rest of the liquid ta 90 dee TF.and add it te the ingredients in the pan.Aad ernotieh strong flour fo ma ca hatter hat will heat without spattering.Add the ferment, and heat tin it looks smooth and elastic.This may take, 15 to 20 minutes.Cover close- lv, and keep at a temperature of 70 dee.Fo.untill light amd spongy This may take 9 to 10 hours.PREPARATION OF TIF DOUGIT \u2014When the snonre is veadv stir in strong flour until too stiff to use with 4 spoon.then mix in more with the hand until the dough no longer sticks to {he fingers.Turn the dough out on the board, leaving ie pan auite clean.Tt should knead without the addition of anv more flour either on the hoard or on the hands Tf it proves sticky, return it to the pan and add more flour, remembering that while fo slack a dough makes a coarse textured bread, too stiff a dough makes a slow rising bread, which will dry out quickly.Knead till the mass is elastic and velvety, the surface covered with a film of tiny bubbles, and till a cut with a sharp knife shows the inside full of fine even bubbles, and free from lumps or unmixed paris.Grease the kneading pan lightly with lard, warm hoth pan and cover if they are cold, put in the dough, cover closely, keep at a temperature of 80 until rather more than doubled in volume, or until a gentde tap with the tips of the fingers causes it to fall in.This may take 2 hours.Knead lightly in the pan for a minute to get rid of the larger bubbles, and return 9 second time till double in volume.Divide info loaves that will half-fill {he bread pans, and knead cach piece only enough to get rid of the large bubbles, aiid smooth the surface; put it into greased pans.Keep at a temperature of 70 deg.to 80 deg.until doubled in volume, when they should have , hold, nicely rounded appearance.Bake an hour in an oven ahout 35 deg.¥.When done the loaves should have a hollow sound when tapped on the bottom.When haked, remove at once from the pan, aud stand on edge {hat the air may get ta al! parts, and cool QUICKLY.VARIATIONS 1.The above calls for strong flour.Soft.flour may be used for the dough stage.but must be kneaded down before it has quite doubled in volume each time.Tt is not advisable to use soft flour for {he ferment and sponge stages, 48 it does not stand the Tong fermentation.2.Tlome-made veast mav be used instead of dry veast.Use 1 cup home-made veast gnd only 3 1-2 pints of liquid.3.The liquid may he part milk (scalded) and part water.The latter may be potato water; i.e.water in which 2 or 3 potatoes have been boiled, removed, finely mashed and returned to the liquid.A.The notato water mav form the liquid for the ferment stace, and the mashed notatoes added to the sponge.Potatoes give that silkiness of texture so much desired hy good hread- makers, 5 Tf \u201che doush is kept covered while rising it will not form a crust.If it seems imclined to form a crust moisten it with warm milk and water, A ernst is io be avoided as it makes a streak through the loaf if kneaded in at the early stage, and an unsight- Iv crust on a baked loaf if allowed to form in the last stages.6.The second rising of the dough may he omitted, although the extra rising makes the loaf a rather finer texture.7.The bread mixer mav be used to knead the dough after il is known exactly how mueh flour {he liquid will need to make dough of {he right stiffness.SPONGE AND DOUGIT METHOD.1 cake compressed veast.2 quarts liquid at 90° 2 level tablespoons salt.3 level tablespoons sugar.2 level tablespoons lard or butter.Mix the yeast and half the sugar in 1-4 cup of warm water, and let it stand at a temperature of 80° F., for 15 or 20 min., to start fermentation.Measure the shortening, salt, and the rest of the sugar into a kneading pan, stir in the rest of the liquid,and stir in enough flour to beat without spattering.Then add the well fermented yeast and heat with 5 wooden spoon until it looks smooth and elastic.From this point treat just the same as in the Ferment Sponge and Dough process.MADE UP TO NOT DOWN TO FRICE 5 There Any Money m Dairying ?\u201cSTANDARD?\u201d INVESTIGATE First look to the \u2018\u2018quality\u2019\u2019 of milk your I once heard a farmer say, that, if the cows paid their own way, he had the manure pile for his profit.EASILY SATISFIED WASN'T HE ?DON'T, LAUGH, MAYBE YOU ARE STILL EASIER SATISFIED; AND DON'T KNOW THAT YOU HAVE EVEN THAT MUCH PROFIT.Why plunge along in the dark ?For all you know, instead of the DAIRY MAKING MONEY TO KEEP YOU, YOU ARE MAKING MONEY TO KEEP THE DAIRY.herd are giving.This is just as important as the quantity.Then get a proper way of taking care of the milk.The matter that will decide whether your Dairy is to be run at a PROFIT or at a LOSS, is the getting of the Cream from the Milk.There is only one way that this can be done to advantage, and that is by the use of a GOOD CREAM SEPARATOR.Any Cream Separator is better than the old way, but to get the best results only the highest grade machines should be used.\u2018\u201c STANDARD CREAM SEPARATORS PRODUCE MORE CREAM (butter fat) FROM THE MILK THAN IS POSSIBLE WITH ANY OTHER SEPARATOR.A \u2018 STANDARD\u201d will get enough extra Cream over the pan or deep setting system TO PAY FOR ITSELF IN LESS THAN ONE SEASON with a herd of 6 COWS, and gets enough extra over the next best skimming Se- perator TO PAY FOR ITSELF IN TWO AND ONE HALF YEARS.The above are FACTS which can be PROVEN hy a TRIAL.Write for our free Catalogue, which fully describes THE WORLD'S GREATEST SEPARATOR.The Renfrew Machinery Co, Limited Address Desk 5.RENFREW, Ont. THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE XI FAIRBANKS - MORSE GASOLINE ENGINES Tremendous Savings! For the Farm Made in Canada.With a Gasoline Engine on your farm many possibilities are opened up to make large savings in labor, besides accomplishing the many hard, disagreeable jobs easily and quickly, A good reliable Gasoline Engine cannot be built cheaply.There are two ways of finding this out\u2014one by personal experience and loss to yourself, the other by profiting by our long experience.We know engines are being offered at very low prices, but if you will take the trouble to examine them thoroughly, and get back of the outside finish, vou will see the 1easons\u2014no allowance 1s made for taking up wear, weight is reduced at a sacrifice to strength, and many parts are combined in one casting in order to cut out machining the parts together.When repairs are necessary, oftentimes it will be found necessary to replace the entire body of the engine, instead of simply the broken part.| I ER All Sizes and Styles: Horizon tal, 6, H.-P.ITORIZONTAL, Vertical, Portable and Tractors.SKIDDED.Montreal, Over 100,000 Fairbanks-Morse Engines have been sold to date.No companv in the world has spent as much money as F.-M.& Co.opment work on all types of Gasoline Engines.All Engines carry our guarantee.J A.of farm engines and machinery.Name .à + + + + + e + + + » + À THE CANADIAN FAIRBANKS CO, LIMITED.Winnipeg, St.John, N.B., Toronto, CUT HERE The Canadian Fairbanks Co,, Limited : Gentlemen,\u2014Send me your free catalogue GE102, showing vour complete lines .Address .Ce on experimental and devel- Saskatoon, Calgary, Vancouver VARIATIONS.(1) The above calls for a strong flour.Soft flour may be used for the dough stage, but must be kneaded before it has doubled in volume each time.(2) The second rising may be omitted, but the extra rising makes the loaf of rather finer texture.When a large batch is being made this may he taken advantage of to delay the baking of part until the first part is out of the oven, (3) The liquid may be all water, part water, and part milk, or part potato-water and part milk.(4) Home-made yeast may replace the compressed yeast.Use one cup home-made yeast and only 3 1-2 pints liquid.(5) If the flour is taken from a cold place in the winter it should be brought to a temperature of 80s before mixing it into either sponge or dough.When one has learned by experience what quantity of flour the liquid will take up it is a good plan to measure the whole quantity into the kneading pan, mix in the sponge in another dish, make a well in the rest of the flour in the kneading-pan, pour in the sponge, and place the whole in a warm place to rise ; then when the sponge is risen the rest of the flour can be kneaded in.QUICK METHOD.1-2 cup milk.3-4 cup water.1 cake compressed yeast.1 teaspoon salt.1 teaspoon sugar.1 teaspoon lard or butter.Flour.Put the sugar and the yeast into a cup, add 1-4 cup of the water warmed to 90°.Mix until the whole is smoothed and the sugar dissolved, and stand in a temperature of 80° F., for 15 or 20 minutes to begin fermentation.Put the milk on to scald.Measure the salt and the shortening into the bread pan, pour in the scalded milk, add the rest of the water, and bring the temperature to about 90°.Add strong flour enough at the same temperature to make a batter that will beat without spattering add the yeast, now ferment- POTASH means PROFIT.when employed judiciously in conjunction with the required amounts of I\u2019hos- phatic and Nitrogenous Fertiltzers.POTASIH may Le obtained in the highly concentrated f.rns of Muriate of Potash and Sulphate of Potash from the leading fertilizer de:lers and Before l\u2019urchasimg Te Sure To Obtain Copies seedsmen.of our Illustrated Bulletins, which will instruct you HOW TO PURCHASE AND USE FERTILIZERS ECONOMICALLY.The following VALUABLE BOOKLETS will be mailed FREE to any reader of this paper: \u2014 \u201cArtificial Fertilizers, Their Nature and Use\u2019, \u201cFarmer's Companion\u2019, \u201cThe l\u2019otato Crop in Canada\u201d, \u201cFertilizing Orchard and Garden\u2019\u2019, etc., The Dominion Agricultural Offices of the Potash Syndicate 1102-1105 Temple Building, TORONTO, Ont.ing vigorously, and beat with a wooden spoon until it looks smooth and elastic.Mix in at once enough warm flour to make a dough that will not stick to the fingers, turn out on the moulding board and knead as usual.Return it to the warm greased kneading pan.cover closely, and stand in a temperature of 70 degrees to 80 degrees F.until risen to rather more than double in volume.This will take 2 or 3 hours.Knead lightly in the pan for a minute to get rid of the large bubbles and stand back in a warm place again to rise until double in volume.This may take 1 to 2 hours.Shape into loaves that will fill half the tin, kneading very lightly to get rid of .the large hubbles and to smooth the surface.Let rise until double in volume and then bake as usual.Cool quickly.VARIATIONS 1.\u2014 Soft flour may be used for the whole process in this method, but care must be taken to knead it down at the proper time.The first rising should be rather less than double in volume, and each succeeding time rather less.If once over-risen, soft flour dough is very hard to make into good bread.2.\u2014 This process may be used for setting over night, using one cake of Here\u2019s a Home Dye That ANYONE Can Use.HOME DYEING has always been more or less of a difficult under- taking- Not so when you use Send for Sample Card and Story Booklet 90 The JOHNSON- ONE eve ror ALL KINDS er coco RICHARDSON Montreal, Can, or JUST THINK OF IT! With DY-0-LA you can color either Wool, Cotton, Silk or Mixed Goods Perfectly with the SAME Dye.No chance of using the WRONG Dye for the Goods you have to color.yeast to six times the quantity of all the other ingredients, and allowing it to rise 9 to 11 hours the first time.The longer time will develop a delicious flavor which can never be attained by the short process.3.\u2014 Home-made ycast mey be used omitting the water.Bring the yeast to 80 degrees F., add the sugar, and allow it to stand 10 to 20 minutes to begin Working before adding it to the sponge.J.M.(Continued on page XII) 4144 .\u2014Jacket, 30 to 40 inc.of bust.Material 4 3-f yds inc.27 width for 36 bust.Pattern No 4144 Name .+ .No .Town oo.Street .I\u2019rovince or State .Bust measure , Fill in the coupon, write very plainly and address with 10c, Dept.of Patterns, \u2018\u2019Fhe Journal of Agriculture and Hortfculture\u2019\u2019, Montreal.When you want a pattern for girl or child, dont give measure but mention the age. \u2014 EME) 9 0 © 0 60 0 FEEDING ANIMALS Pl (Continued from March number) All animals must have the fourth compound, mineral matter, out of which to make bone.Did you ever burn up some grain or hay or straw and see a little pile of white ashes Joit.?Well, that is the stuff out of which animals make their bones.Mineral matter, or ash, as some people call it, is very important to growing animals ; they must have it {to build their frames with.In feeding work we don't need to worry much about ash, since most foods provide all the animal needs.The hog breeder is the one that needs to more about ash than anyone else.Have you noticed that the people in your neighborhood are complaining about their hogs getting small-boned ?Well, that is because thev have been feeding their hogs on which did not contain enough Worry feed ash.The last food compound which our animals must have is water.Of course we must make it easy for them to ~et all they want of that.The food compounds about which feeders have to especially worry are protein, carbohydrates and fat but protein most particularly.Protein does things which nothing else can do, and it costs the feeder more to buy a pound of protein than any of the other compounds.(Carbohydrates are cheap ; you can buy them in corn for less than two cents a pound.Every animal must have a certain amount of protein to do its best work for us but there is no use in giving it any more than that amount of protein, since protein costs money.Now there are many good feeders who don\u2019t know a thing about protein or carbohydrates.Yet if they did, it might save them money once in a while.Perhaps they are feeding more expensive protein than the animals need ; or mavbe they are not feeding enough protein for the animals to develop and do their work right.Several scientific men, a number of vears ago, did a tremendous amount of work in studying just how much protein different kinds of animals needed in comparison to the carbohydrates and fat.They worked out what they call a nutritive ratio for different kinds of farm animals.They said the nutritive ratio for dairy cows should be about one to five.Now what they meant by that was that the ration fed the cow should contain once pound of proicin to every five pounds of carbohydrates and .fat.They put the protein on one side, since it is the flesh-forming material, and the carbohydrates and fats on the other.since they both do the same thing, make heat and furnish cnergy.Before the fat is added to the carbo- THE JOURNAL\u2019 OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE This Plow Is Specially Made For Quebec And The Maritime Provinces specially for use in the Maritime Provinces and the Pro- ince of Quebec,\u2014is equipped with a mouldboard especially adapted Tre is a plow which we build attachment to go under the beam, can be liandled with ease by a boy.dealer cannot supply you, write us and we will tell you who can.type of soil on your farm and we will sec that you get the exact style of Tell us This is the Plow for Quebec and the Maritime Provinces.Our \u201cB\u201d No.6.to the soil.We have made a marked improvement in the turn of this mouldboard which makes it much easier for the plowman to hold.For gencral use in these provinces, except for new, unbroken hard ground, we strongly recommend it.The mouldboard, like on all \u201cB\u2019\u2019 Plows.is made from special soÎt-centre steel, and the construction throughout is the very best.Look for the \u201cDB\u201d on the mouldboard when you bity; it is your guarantee of quality.This plow will scour in the most difficult scouring soils and, if fitted with our wheel mouldboard your land requires.send our Catalog free on request.A -BEIANGER.Established since 1367 aa MONTMAGNY Que If your the Get the Book Send the Coupon This scientific treatise on the preparation of the perfect seedbed, the foundation of good crops, deals, chapter by chapter, with * Soils and Fertilizers,\u201d \u201cPlowing and Plows,\u201d \u2018Seeds and Seeding,\u201d and is of incalculable value to the practical farmer.Under ordinary circumstances, this valuable book would cost you a dollar; but to farmers who will fill out the coupon as an evidence that they are really interested, we will send one copy of the volume FREE.Extra copies may be purchased at one dollar each.The edition is limited; if you want the book, fill out the coupon and send it NOW before the supply is exhausted.We FREE $1.00 Book Coupon A.BELANGER, MONTMAGNY, QUE.Gentlemen I operate a farm of .cei acres of \u2026 Please Acre\u2019s Yield,\u201d FREE.(104) Number of Acres LL eat ee soil.Type of Soil send me \u2018\u201c\u2018How to Increase the ARTICHOKE ROOTS GRAIN-SEEDS SPECIALTY FOR AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES.June, Retail price $1.25 a bushel.For Farmers\u2019 Clubs, $1.00 a bushel.$10.00 granted for 100 bushels hought.Information and circulars sent on request.Apply to MARCOTTE & GOSSELIN, Prodocers St Roch de Richelieu hydrates it is multiplied by 2 1-4, because it makes 2 1-4 times as much heat and energy as do the carbohydrates, Nutritive ratio doesn\u2019t mean very much to you, does it ?Well, 1 an going to do MY best 1o explain it to you.Now, you take corn.Corn contains 7.9 pounds of portein in every J0OU pounds; 66.7 pounds of carbohydrates in every 100 pounds, \u2018and 1.3 pounds of fat.Now what do vou suppose the nutritive ratio of corn is ?Let us figure it out: First, we will multiply the fat, 1.3 pounds, by 21-4 and add this to the carbo- ' COWS.FOR SALE GRASS-SEED\u2014Canadian and American.CLOVIER\u2014white, red, alsyke, M moth, Delivered from 1st May to 5th etc., etc.AHmOTh WIIEAT-\u2014red and white, Manitoba; Wheat red and white, Ontario.ENSILAGE CORN\u2014Tares.OATS\u2014Banner.Manitoba, Ontario, etc.BARLIY, peas, buckwheat, etc., etc.FERTILIZERS : Thomas Slag Basic, Victor Capelton.Sulphate of potassium, Nitrate of sodium, etc.LAND PLASTER in barrels and bags.J.-B.RENAUD & CIE., Enr.Flour, Provisions, Groceries, Butter, Cheese.118-150 ST.PAUL ST.QUEBEC, P.Q.hydrates, which is 66.7 pounds.get 76.4 pounds of the carbohydrates and fat added together.Now this divided by the 7.9 pounds of protein gives us a nutritive ratio of 1 to 9.6 for corn.Now as I have already said, the scientific men have found that a ratio of 1 to 5 is pretty good for dairy cows.Corn is 1 to 9.6 NH doesn\u2019t contain enough protein.Such \u2018 (feeds are said to he too wide.It is a mistake to feed corn alone to dairy We must feed with it something which has lots of protein in We ! This plume is just the kind for which you would have to pay É5.0t at any retail store, Itis extra wide, fully 16-inches long, in all colors, with willowy flues of great length that do not lose their curl easily.Send us &1.00 today.for this is an opportunity not to be missed.We offeralso an extra larze and handsome É7.50 plume at $2.50.Send vour money by mail, express or money order.Remember that your money will be refunded if the plume is not « ntirely satisfactory.New York Ostrich Feather Co.Dept.wy 513-515 B'way, N.Y.it, so that the nutritive ratio will \u2018be anyhow as low as 1 to 7.Now there are Jlots of things besides nutritive ratio about which a good [feeder should know ; but every feeder should know something about his feeds, as to whether they are wide or narrow.That is, whether they are especially rich in carbohydrates and fat, or especially rich in protein.Next week I will tell you what men who have studied this question think animals need, of protein, car- hohydrates and fat, and then I am going to give a list of some of our THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURF XIII ANT LE Lamp ROS ENE (Coal all simple, noiseless, odorless, clean, safe, dur- able\u2014 complete success\u2014recognized world\u2019s standard.Fully Guaranteed.GANT.H.BALL, California, SOLD 850 On money back\u201d guarantee\u2014not ole returned.C.E.Kramer made $700in 6odays.Completeline of lamps and chandeliers for homes, offices and public places.Ask nearest office for agency proposition or how to get lampfree MANTLE LAMP CO.OF AMERICA, Dept.Ohicago, Portland, Ure., Waterbury, Coon., Winnipeg, Montreal, Canada, UT TETE (COAL OIL) common grains, and see if you can figure for yourself the nutritive ratio of cach of them, and find whether it is suitable for dairy cows.\u2014Wallaces\u2019 Farmer.FARMERS SHOULD KEEP MORE HENS No Department of the Farm Pays Better for the Money Invested.The Present Flocks on Some Farms Should Receive More Attention.\u201cI think every farmer with one hundred acres of land should have at least one hundred laving hens, and from that huudred there should he a gross annual revenue of $300,\u201d was the statement made by Mr.F.C.Ilford of Macdonald College in an address to farmers at a Maritime winter fair.\u201cThat is not a big thing fo expect from these hens.I know of one woman in Quebec who from forty hens took in every year more than $300.If every farm in the Dominion had that amount coming in from this source, what would it amount to ?If every farm in Canada had one hundred hens bringing in a gross annual \u201cbeen reduced to a homogencous puip as as much as the national wheat crop would mean in a year.It would mean one and one-half as much as all our dairy produce.We have heard a good deal about railways lately ; it would he equal to the gross earnings of all the railways in Canada.Twice the amount of the output of all the mines of Canada.Three times as much as every farmer pavs for labor and the board of these laborers.We have a national debt, but our poultry if we go to the extent 1 say we should go to, would simply pay off the national debt of Canada in less than three vears.There is no reason why we should not do better in poultry.I believe for the money invested there is no department of farm work that pays better for the money invested.\u201cPoultry, IT might first mention, are great scavengers.They will also turn to good advantage a great deal of the refuse of the farm which would otherwise go to waste.Poultry can accommodate themselves lo all conditions.To illustrate.let me tell you a little story.A man had a rooster called \u2018Jim\u2019 of which he was Very proud.One day, during his absence from home, the minister dropped in and stayed to dinner.In honor of the worthy man it was decided to kill a rooster for his meal, but the hoy en- {rusted with this part of the work MADE IN CANADA & CAKES / MOST PERFECT MADE all imitations.as much.Winnipeg No.227 E.W.CILLETT CO.LTD.Toronto, Ont.Awarded highest honors at all Expositions.Used in Canadian homes to produce delicious home-made bread, and a supply is always included in Sportsmens\u2019 and Campers\u2019 Outfits.Decline They never give satisfaction and cost just Montreal È WOE 1 ire, PO RONTO + enr AR Horse Owners! Use GOMBAULT\u2019S Caustic Balsam A Safe Speedy and Positive Cure LISTER ever used.Takes The Safest, Beat B the place of all liniments for mild or gevere potion.Rem Eat AYP es or SAE ishes from Hors Se OR FIR DES uce LL CAUTERY Every potsle sold is warranted to give satisfaction Price $1.50 per bottle.Sold by druggists, or sent by express, charges paid, with full directions for ifs use.Send for descriptive circulars.THE LAWRENCE-WIL- LIAMS CO., Toronto, Ont.made a sad error \u2018Jim\u2019.When the man of the house returned, his wife met him at the door with tears in her eyes\u2014\u2018Jim'\u2019s, dead,\u2019 she said; \u2018we had to kill him for the minister's dinner\u2019.The man grieved for a while, and finally said: \u2018Well, I am glad to know that Jim has entered the ministry, for he never would have made a good layman.\u2019 | ADAPTABLE TO LONDITIONS.\u201cPoultry can adapt themselves to almost any condition mankind may decide to live in.With fruit and other products of the farms there are certain unfavorable seasons; not so with the poultry.To be sure, we have some seasons more favorable than others, but no matter whether wet or dry, hot or cold, the poultry crop is sure.That is certainly something to the advantage of the poultry.They will fit in well with other departments of farming, and no man can make the success of keeping poultry that the farmer can.Tt will fit in nicely with mixed farming, and that is where we must look for the large increase in poultry that will take place.How are we going to get this poultry ?I know labor is very scarce, and some farmers don\u2019t care to add to the labor needs, but if we can in any way increase the production.of poultry without increasing the labor correspondingly, I think we are in duty bound to try it.No doubt there are a great many farmers that think the poultry industry demands a great deal of work.As a rule the farm pouliry do not get the very best attention.You have all probably heard the question.\u2018Why is it my poultry die?\u2019 and the reply, \u2018I don\u2019t know ; , and decapitated Livingeton\u201d s Oil Cake is just what LI cows need.J It tastes good\u2014is | Lo easily digested \u2014 ca keeps stock in prime condition all the year round \u2014 actually increases the percentage of Butter Fat by 16% over Pasture Grass, The richer C= == the more money you Livingston\u2019 s is the feed that the cream, make.pays for itself, Livingston\u2019s Dairy As ES \u2014\u2014 = Write for free sample and prices.Dominion Linseed Oil Co., Limited, & Mill Street, Montreal.Oil Cake probably just a way poultry have.Some poultry prefer death to the treatment they receive.\u201d And there is a great deal of truth in that.The way poultry is treated on some farms death is certainly a release.But why should we treat our poultry so when there is a good living in poultry for us ?I said $300 was not a big return for a hundred hens and I want to tell you very briefly about some returns we have been getting at Macdonald College.I don\u2019t say conditions are exactly similar.I do say we have to buy every grain of feed from the Northwest.From 23 head of poultry in one year the net returns, after the cost of the feed was taken out, amounted to $2.52 per bird.\u201d \u201cWhat about labor?\u2019\u2019 asked a man in the audience.\u2018That does not come out; I am just talking ahout feed\u201d, said Mr.Elford.\u201cIn the first place, I want to say this: we had four different breeds \u2014 Barred Plymouth Rocks, White Wyandottes, Rhode Island Reds and Buff Orpingtous.You may say it was on account of some breeds being better than others and we had some returns from some birds, better but I want to make that very emphatic\u2014there is no best breed.I don\u2019t say the breed vou like best is the best breed, but that which suils your conditions is best.We could take one ot these breeds and pick out birds that gave us an average result of 143 cggs, while others gave us a very low average.The individuality of the hen is the difference.We have heard a Stump and Tree Pul'ers Self-anchoring and Stump-anchored.Something new.Pull an ordinary stump in 1 1-2 minutes.1 to 5 acres at a setting.Powerful, Different sizes to Handy suit all i Low 5 kinds of Pri clearings.riced.For illustrated catalog address Milne Mig.Co 1017 Nineth st.Monmouth, 1 pe the system of selee- select in our good deal about tion and if we do not poultry wg are going to have the drones and robbers we heard about last night.We must select and breed only from the very best.I don\u2019t say that every farmer should have a trap nest, but if you cannot get a hen to lay in the winter time you had better cut off her head.It will never make up the handicap.In the first place select a breed that suits your conditions, {hen have a good strain of that breed, then look after them properly, keep their house dry.Moisture is the bane of successful poultry keeping.Feed your hirds well.More hens do not lay eggs, because they do not get enough to cat than because they are too fat.It is casy to blame your hens for being too fat if they do not lay ; but I venture to say that the reason is, nine times ont of ten.thes do not get enough food rather than too much.We cannot feed a laying hen too much.Whatever we do, give \u2018her enough to eat. XIV THE COLONY HOUSE.\u201cThe colony house system of handling poultry on the average farm is one of the most economical systems a man can adopt.You know as well as I do that there is a great deal of feed that goes to waste.If you had a house to put your poultry in and run that house out where the feed is, your poultry would take up a great deal of it and would require considerably less grain.DO HENS PAY?\u201cWe had 230 hens one winter; they ouly averaged 122 1-2 eggs in eleven months ; but what I want to call vour attention to is this ; 230 hens laid 28,3141 eggs in eleven months, or an average of 2,500 eggs in a month, that is for the entire year, but the 230 hens for the four months, December, January, February and March, gave us 10,347 cggs.or 2,587 eggs a month.That is, they averaged more cggs in the four winter months than thev did in the rest of the year.The hen that lays in the winter is the hen that pays.The whole revenue from these hens was $887, for the winter months $431; and for the other months $456.There was nearly as much revenue from the sale of the eggs during the four winter months as all the rest of the year.The net revenue, by simply taking off the vost of the feed was $582.74 for the eleven months, or $329.21 for the four months, as against $262.50 for the other seven months.They averaged $2.52 cach for the cleven months, and they netted $1.38 each for the four months, as against $1.14 for the seven months.\u2019 TALKS ON SEEDS a] A LESSON FROM SWEDEN.Why Not Grow Our Own Mangel Seeds in Ontario.\u201cThere has\u2019, said G.H.Clark, \u201cbeen great progress made in the matter of seed selection in Ontario in the last few years.Evidence of this is seen in the history of the Canadian Seed Growers\u2019 Association \u2014 a body of farmers engaged in the production of hand-selected and pedigreed seed for sale.Six years ago members vf this Association had not one-quarter the seed for sale they have now, and still what they had went begging for market, altough they asked not more than 25c.a bushel above regular market prices.Now these men, despite the fact that their production has quadrupled, are unable to supply one- fourth the demand.There is room for vast improvement still.Not over 12, or at most 15 per cent, of last year's grain crop traced back to seed obtained from these seed growers.At least 75 per cent of the seed sown was taken from the ordinary grain product of the farm.Such seed, while it may look as well as selected, has not the inherent quality of the latter.In the production of selected seed for sale there are HORSES' IMPORTER \u2014 FOR SALE 22 Stallions and 3 Mares imported, Brabançons, Ardennais, Belgium, Percherons from 1 to 4 years old, weighing from 1500 to 2000 lbs.EASY TERMS Correspondence and visit sollicited.B.BEAULIEU, St-Jérome, Co.Terrebonne, P.Q.ADVERTISEMENT.ONLY 10 CENTS to quickly introduce our fashionable jewelry catalogue, we send vou this Ladies\u2019 14K Cold Filled Ruby Set Ring.Lord's Prayer or Initial engraved free.Send size SHELBY JEWELRY Co.Mfg.Dept.601, Co- vington, Ky., U.S.A.Pure Beeswax WANTED Best market prices for good grades.Write at once.The Ham & Nott Co.Limited, Mfrs.Beekeepers\u2019 Supplies, Brantford.Canada.Strawberry plants, 40 leading varieties, sold at _reasnnable prices, Catalog and price list free.100 plants sent post paid to any address in Canada for $1.00.DOWNHAMS STRAWBERRY AND PHEASANT FARM, STRATHE- ROY, ONTARIO.THE GINSENG Why are you awaiting the fall for planting your Ginseng when you can do that work at springtime and gain a whole year of growing.Choicest plants and seeds.Write for prices.EASTERN TOV'NSHIPS GINSENG GARDEN, BRIGHAM, Que.= possibilites equalling in profit and interest the returns obtained from other specialized lines of agriculture such as pure bred stock or dairying.SWEDEN'S GREAT RECORD \u201cSweden is a long way ahead of us in all these lines.There, 90 per cent of the seed used traces back to a 5,000 acre seed plot conducted on scientific principles by Prof.Nilsson.And marvellous results have been secured therchy.Twenty years ago, before seed selection was practiced, Sweden was among the five countries in Europe which stood lowest in point of yield per acre.Two years ago Sweden stood among the five highest; and this, despite the fact that much of the country is just below the Arctic circle.In the southern province an average yield per acre was obtained on the farms which stood second only to the average in England.The charwe is not wholly due to seed selection.Part of it is the result of better methods generally, including fertilization, with red clover among the chief fertilizers, Very much of the change has resulted from greater care in the selection of seed.WHERE ALL ARE EXPERTS.\u2018In all farm educational lines Swe- Lu PEDLAR Nestable Corrugated Galvanized CULVERT Is The Strongest, Most Practical, Durable and Easiest Laid Culvert Made YOU ought to show this advertisement to your township reeve or warden.Get him to write for the free book about Pedlar Culverts, or write for it yourself and tell him about this new Culvert\u2014the quickest, most economical, strongest for any use any culvert can serve.See How It Saves Farmers\u2019 Money, Betters Roads, Lowers Taxes This picture is from a photo of a washout fourteen feet deep in the Township of Darlington, caused by use of cement tile for drainage purposes.The township authorities have replaced that with Pedlar Perfect Culvert, forty feet in length by three feet in diameter; strongest, easiest laid and most durable they could get.This pi vert assembled and ready to lower into place, shows the immense strength andrigidity of these Culverts.Though forty feet long with a bearing of only a few feet at the centre it does not give one-sixteenth of an inch.See how easily Pedlar Culvert can be lowered into place.No skill needed.Here you see the Pedlar Culvert doing its work of drainage twenty- five minutes after being put in place.It would have taken three times as long and cost three times as much to have installed any other type of culvert.Yet this Pedlar Culvert will last far longer and give no further trouble of any kind.Vert, Susan de SN q ns porns IV ay = A ti (5 mé en Lodge This view shows the Pedlar Culvert after the fill-in was completed.The Culvert has to carry a dead weight of several hundred tons of earth, as well as the live weight of traffic passing overhead.But that can\u2019t strain Pedlar Culvert, which will neither give nor spring.It stands what no other culvert can.Write For My FREE Book No.59 and Sample And get a correct idea of Learn how Pedlar Culvert Te PEDLAR PEOPLE of Oshawa 411 Address nearest place.HALIFAX ST.JOHN, N.B.MONTREAL LONDON 16 Prince St.42-46 Prince William St.321-3 Craig St.W.86 King St.OTTAWA TORONTO CHATHAM QUEBEC 423 Sussex St.111-113 Bay St.200 King St.W.127 Rue de Pont REGINA WINNIPEG PORT ARTHUR 1901 Railway St.S.76 Lombard St.45 Cumberland St.CALGARY VICTORIA VANCOUVER 1112 First St.W.434 Kingston St.what makes a good Culvert.can be used on your farm.821 Powell St, den is ahead of Ontario.High schools re situated in all ncighborhoods, and at these lads can obtain an agricultural training equal to a two year\u2019s course at the O.A.C.It is a rare thing to find a Swede of thirty who has not had a training equal to that given bv our two year College course.An illustration of the value of this training was given me while in Sweden.T found a hired man, whose duty it was to care for the feeding of a lot of hogs.When his method of feeding was questioned \u2014 he was using soya beans, corn and coarse grains\u2014he took out his pencil and proved that his ration was properly balanced.Could \u2018vou find in all Ontario a man, similarly employed, who could do that ?On that same farm 5300 was paid for a boar.Where in all Ontario could you find a man who would pay stich a price ?\u201d THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE XV PY Ee OWNERS KNOW THE REASONS WHY IHC CREAM HARVESTERS PAY BEST ET 1 H C owners tell you about I H C Cream Harvesters.They know I H C superiority by actual experience.The local dealer will give you the names of some owners near you.Learn from them why I H C Cream Harvesters skim closest, are most durable, easiest to clean, and easiest running.Let them tell you about the many profit-advantages of I HC Cream Harvesters ; Look over the I H C separators they are using every day.Then consider these acts: The wearing outof parts and many other creamseparator troubles are largely due to dust and milk getting into the gears.1 H C Cream Harvesters are the only separators with dust and milk proof gears which are easily accessible.A glance at an I H C will show you this great feature.I H C Cream Harvesters are protected against wear at all points by phospher bronze bushings\u2014not cast iron or brass bushings.I H C Cream Harvesters are constructed with larger spindles, shafts, and bearings than any other separator.The 1 HC bowl is free from slots or minute crevices, which make it remarkably easy to clean.There are many other advantages which any I H C owner or the local dealer will point out and prove to you.I H C Cream Harvesters are made in two styles\u2014 Dairymaid\u2014a chain drive machine, and Bluebell\u2014a gear drive separator\u2014each in four sizes.In justice to yourself, see an 1 HC owner or the local dealer before you decide on any separator.If you prefer, write for catalogues and all information to nearest branch house.CANADIAN BRANCHES\u2014Iuternational Harvester Company of America at Brandon, Calgary, Edmonton, Hamilton, Lethbridge, London, Montreal, North Battleford, Ottawa, Regina, Saskatoon, St.John, Weyburn, Winnipeg, Yorkton.INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY CF AMERICA Chicago (Incorporated) USA I H C Service Bureau The bureau is a center, where the best ways of doing things on the farm, and data relating to its development, are collected and distributed free to everyone interested in agriculture.Every available source of information will be used in answering questions on all farm subjects.If the questions are sent to the I H C Service Bureau, they will receive prompt attention.BEEKEEPERS rm ou can't sow thistles and DON'T continue on In fap figs.It you plaut the old Way.but make grow exactly what vour be s pav well by you expect and in using the best Hives a prof Seotions, Foundations |B an perfece Smokers.etc.etc.tion never ITALIAN BEES AND excelled.Fifty i QUEENS A SPECIALTY § stasars of Prompt Service and Careful Attention.J experience .make them reliable.For sale everywhere, Ferry\u2019s 1910 Seed Annual IMustrated Catalogue Free.Becswax Wanted.F.W.JONES, Windsor, Ont.BEDFORD, QUEl RENNIF°S SEEDS \u2014\u2014\u2014 ARE \u201cThe Finest in the Land \u201d SPECIAL OFFER RENNIE'S GEM GARDEN COLLECTION of vezxetuble sceds.Sufficient for moderate-sized kitchen garden.18 choice varieties $1.04.RENNIE'S ALL EARLY COLLECTION of vegetahle seeds.15 variclies for 50c.RIENNIE'S COTTAGE GARDEN COLLECTION of Flower Sceds, 17 Va r'eties for 50c.free on request.\\ D.M.FERRY & CO., ALL FOSTPAID RENNIE'S SMALL VEGETABLE GARDEN collection, 8 varieties for 25¢C.RENNIE'S SMALL FLOWER GARDEN collection, 8 varietlts for 23dc.RENNIF'S SUMMER-FLOWERING BULB Collection, 30 bulbs for 50c.RENNIFE'S COLLECTION OF SPENCER GIANT-FLOWERED SWEET PEAS, one packet each of 8 choice varieties for 60c.One ounce each for $1.75.WM.RENNIE CO., Limited, 19) McGILL STREET, - - - MONTREAL, Que} A ES We make the ASBESTOS CEMENT SHINGLE INFORMATION ON REQUEST The Asbestos Mfg.Co, Ltd.705 E.T.BANK BULDING, MONTREAL.FACTORY AT LACHINE.HANFORD\u2019S Balsam of Myrrh Will Heal any Wound or Sore | On Man or Beast Guaranteed to give satisfaction or cost you nothing For Sale by All Dealers G.C, Hanford Mig.Co., Montreal, Que.NEW SWEDE TURNIP D.& I'S SUPERLATIVE.\u2014We have much pleasure in calling attention to {his very valuable Swede, which is descr \u201ced hy our grower; \u2014 \u201clt embodies the excellent properties of both parents, Flephant (or Monarch) and Best of All, while tte leaf stalks are remarkably short and the neck is almost absent.Tn shape Superlative takes after both parents, the bulbs being near- lv »s long as those of Elephant, hut with a much better body, which is inherited from Best of All, and it has heen proved to be sweeter than any other Swede in cultivation.The colour of the skin is very distinct, being a purplish- pink, and the quality, as already indicated, is of a remarxably high standard.\u201d Per 1-4 1b., 1064; Ib, 30c.: 1 Ibs., $1.00, if by post add 5e per Ib.The Now South African Pipe Calabash This interesting novelty can Le grown this far north, but the bearing season can be lengthened by starting in pots.Tney make a very rapid, rank growth, useful for covering fences, unsightly brush piles or other rubbish.The gourd necks take a polish like ivory and are easily made into fancy pipes by using a ferrule, ~ rubber mouth-ptece and a little plaster of Paris, which, when finished, are selling in different places at from $2.00 to $4.00 each.These pipes color with use exactly like mecrchaum and in every way are superior to that costly material.Grow a crop and earn money in the winter by making them up for sale.You can scll lots of them at a pay ing price.Price of Seed only 25c.per pkt.DUPUIS & FERGUSON, Seedsmen, 38 Jacques Cartier Square, - - - MONTREAL Here's the Fence That is all Steel\u2014 i Steel wires, steel locks, steel H posts.Standard Woven Wire = : Fence is all No.9 hard steel wire, well galvanized.= *The Tie That Binds'\u2019 fs hard, smooth steel that ue holds uprights and running wires absolutely secure without injury.Standard Patent Posts are 12 gauge steel, bent at right angles, and so constructed that wires are held without staples, Let us tell you à lot of other things about the Standard Wire Fence and our Metal Gates of Galvanized Tubing.Our books ars full of fence facts.Write for free copies and sample lock.THE STANDARD WIRE FENCE C0.OF WOODSTOCK, LIMITED, Woodstock, Ont.and Brandon, Man.18 XVI THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE TRY THEM CALEDONIA INCREASE the YIELD OF YOUR FARMS Use the Complete Fertilizers of THE LESAGE FACKING & FERTILIZER GO, LTD.These fertilizers contain all the ingredients necessary for growing grain and THESE FERTILIZERS SOLD WITH ANALYSIS GUARANTEED.ALL THE FARMS CAN GROW GOOD CROPS BIG PROFITS FOR FARMER.THOMAS PHOSPHATE POWDER No 338 For booklet and information write to LESAGE PACKING & FERTILIZER CO., HEAD OFFICE: 102 NAZARETH ST., MONTREAL TO ALL FARMERS It is well known that poultry raising is the most paying industry on the farm.In a few veurs we have sold thousands of Chat- ham Ineubat- ors.We offer to-day the PEERLESS INCUSATORS the Chatham not being manufactured any more.We guarantee the Peerless\u2014the Rooster of all artificial Hatching Machines\u2014reco- gnized by the best experts as the most profitable and best artificial hatching nrachine.To all farmers wishing to make money, we will sell a \u2018\u201cPEERLESS\u2019\u2019 INCUBATOR, payable in two yearly (2) installments, freight prepaid.Catalogue free on demand.A hook of directions with every machine.For all information write to COTE & C .7 ST.PETER STREET, - MONTREAL.assure a good crop.AND IT WILL PAY YOU FOR MEADOWS HATCHING EGGS FOR SALE From the best breeding a strains as follows : White and Barred Plymouth Rocks White Leghorns, one dollar, a brood of 15 eggs.l'ekin ducks, one dollar, a brood : of 10 eggs.liggs ure seat @ ree fromm breakage ; money = must he sent with the order.Apply to P.BE.PA- LIMITED.Test The To settle all doubt about which out throw harrow has the greatest capacity and lightest draft we asi vou to tesi the \u201cBissell \"Out Throw Harrow in 5 field competition with other ont throw harrenws.We know the \u201cBissell\u201d will outcelass the field because it is so designed that the hiteh is well back, the scat projects over the frame, and the arch is directly over the gangs, This construction removes all neck weight\u2014 enables hors: 8 to do more work.And hecanuse one gang is set slightly ahend of the other, the gangs cannot crowd or hump together.The in a Field Competition with other Out Throws \u201cBissell\u201d Out Throw works fast and does clean work like the famous \u201cBissell\u201d in Throw, it always wing in field trials, We also make Out Throws and In Throws with two levers for hilly work, and in 16 plate wide cut styles for the West.Sent to Depts G.for '\u2018 Bissell\u201d Harrow hooklet.Remember, it isn\u2019t a renu- ine \u201cBissell\u201d unless the \u2018Bissell\u2019 name is stamped on the harrow.ELORA, ONT.The True Test of Fertilizer is the Crop Test Crops often double their yield have the nitrogen they need.when they Nitrate of Soda Cheap Clean Easy to Apply We recommend Nifrate of Soda because its available, that is 100 p.c.of it, and at once.and it acts instantly.Sce us for prices.CITEMICAL LABORATORIES, Ltd., 148 Van Horn Street, Toronto, Canada nitrogen is all You don\u2019t buy filler \u201cBissell\u201d _ QUETT'E, farmer.Rougemond\u2018 Que.OUE High Way steel Bridge is the best and can be set up on concrete, stone, or cedar abutments filled up with stones., Made partly of steel rails, It Is cheaper than other steel structures, it will last as long and we guarantee our work.With fifteen years experience, see our numerous testimonials.We also manufacture wooden or reinforce concrete floorings, reinforce concrete culverts 5 feet diam.or more, covered with ground for small brooks.For details, prices and further informations, apply to LATTICE BRIDGE WORKS, Chatillon, Que.Handsome Colored Roofs WITE RUBEROID ROOFINC \u201c fade Mark Registered.Pronounce it RUE-BER-OID RUBEROID Roofing is made in Red, Brown and Green as well as in the natural slate with which you are familiar These colors are beautifully, soft, and lend {hemselves to most handsome effects in house building.As the colors are IMPREGNATED INTO THE ROOFING, they never peel or wash off.Note that RUBRROID is the ONLY ROOFING MADIS IN IMPREGNATED COLORS \u2014 the roofing that combines the longest service with the greatest attractiveness.Any RUBEROID dealer will gladly give you samples of RU- BEROID in colors, ot we'll mail them to you on request, with our Ruberoid Booklet F.Ask for a sample, too, of SOVEREIGN Sheathing Felt\u2014the best interlining yon can possibly put into a house.THE STANDARD PAINT CO.OF CANADA, Limited 286 St James St., Montreal > 179 Bannatyne Ave., East, Winnipeg Dealer 5 25 Pender St, Vancouver.Everywhere.es Sy: THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Do You Realize That SHARPLES Tubular Gream Separators Save You What Other Separators Lose?That explains why farmers all over Canada\u2014and all over the world\u2014are discarding other machines for Tubulars.That explains why Tubulars are probably replacing more common separators than any one maker of such machines sells, That explains why the manufacture of Tubulars is one of Canada\u2019s leading industries.These facts will set you thinking.You can\u2019t afford to use a common separator that loses cream which a Tubular would save.Cream is money to you.Itis cheaper to throw away a common machine, if you have one, and put a Tubular in its place than it is to keep on losing cream.Tubulars save what others lose because Tubulars are later than and different from all others.Tubulars produce twice the skimming force, skim faster.and twice as clean as others, That is why Dairy Tubulars neither need nor contain disks or other contraptions.The simplicity and efficiency of Tubulars prove them The World's Best.Tubulars wear a lifetime\u2014are guaranteed forever by the oldest separator concern on this continent.You can own and use a Tubular for less than any other make.Then how can you afford to waste time or risk anything on any \u2018\u2018peddler\u2019s\u201d or other inferior machine ?Our local representative will be glad to show you a Tubular inside and out.If you don't know him, ask us his name.Write to us now for our complete catalog No.233.THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO., Toronto, Ontario, Winnipeg, Manitoba CREE Be SSR EL earn tha Made of Hard, Stiff Wire, of Honest Quality A Heavy American Fence Costs You No More Per Rod Than Lighter Fences of Other Makes A roll of heavy fence means big wire.Big wire means more strength and longer life.Insist upon the dealer weighing the roll of fence he sells you.\u2018This will tell the story quicker than any other way, for you cannot always tell the size of wire by eye.American Fence will stand this test against any fence made, and will prove its greater weight.Why, then, pay the same money for a lighter fence?American Fence is made of hard, stiff steel.It is made of a quality of wire drawn expressly for woven-wire-fence purposes by the largest manufacturers of wire in the world.Galvanized by latest improved processes, the best that the skill and experience of years has taught.Built on thé same elastic hinged-joint (patented) principle, which effectually protects the stay or upright wires from breaking under hard usage.Test, judge and compare American Fence under any and all conditions and you will \u2018find that the steel, the structure and the galvanizing are equal in durability, strength and efficiency to the hardest uses.The Canadian Steel & Wire Co., Limited HAMILTON, ONT.WINNIPEG, MAN.NOTE.\u2014Dealers everywhere, See the one in your town and have him show you the different designs and give prices.Also get from Lim booklet entitled, \u201cHOW TO BUILD A CHEAP CONCRETE FENCE POST,\u201d furnis free for the asking.Light Wire American Fence Aultiply Your Profits With This Proved Farm Power OU have invested a certain amount of money in your farm ma- chines\u2014-your separator\u2014fanning mill\u2014ensilage cutter\u2014pump.To make that investment pay dividends, these machines must be operated at highest efficiency and the least possible cost.Years of splendid service have shown that the most efficient operator of farm machines is an I H C GASOLINE ENGINE All I H C engines are conservatively rated\u2014each engine easily developing 10 to 30 per cent more than its listed horse power.The I H C is simple\u2014its parts few and strong.This makes it easy to clean and keep in good condition, and gives it lasting qualities not to be found on more complicated engines.I H C Gasoline Engines are built in all styles and sizes, 1 to 45-H.P.,vertical and horizontal\u2014stationary, portable, or tractor.No matter what work you want done there is anI H C to do it.See the I H C local dealer and pick out the engine you need.Get .t it to work saving you time and money and in- fertilizer, etc, write to the I HC Serv.creasing your production.If you prefer, write |ice Bureau, and for catalogue and full information to nearest |learn what our ex- branch house.perts and others have found out CANADIAN BRANCHES\u2014International Harvester Company of concerning those America at Brandon, Calgary, Edmonton, Hamilton, Lethbridge, subjects.London, Montreal, North Battleford, Ottawa, Regina, Saskatoon, St.John, Weyburn, Winnipeg, Yorkton.International Harvester Company of America Chicago (Incorporated) USA IH C Service Durean The purpose of this Bureau is to furnish farmers with information on better farming.If you have any worthy question concerning soils, crops, pests, 7 CHANCES BRING GX DEATH TO ROOFING The Lhe of Roofing is Sa- talatien and LWuoatlus.MEL ca8 vital part os sorely Le- Seecbed us negriy Go0y tooling PJ luuntr.lhe Basis of most JtoO:b5, except brantiord, 18 wood pulp, Jute or NE 7 cotton\u2014cloth\u2014all short fibred.When iL passes tnrou4h - \u2018Salura Lorv l'rocess, IL docs NL clone actually saburated \u2014 mercly coated.Tms Coating\u2019 is of refuse and Guicaly evaporates \u2014wears ofi\u2014exposing foundation Lo savage weather.és It Jbsoros water and moisture, and become brittle, 7 crac rots and finaily crumbles.liven when new it softens under \u201che.it, sagging and dripping.But the Foundation of Brant ford Crystal Roofmg is a heavy, evenly condensed sheet of long- Ÿ Libred pure Wool, saturated with Asphalt, which is forced into every ¥ ¥ fibre\u2014not werely dipped.It is heavily counted with tPme-defyine, fire- 2 resisting Rock Crystals, which require no painting.This special Coating SR annot evaporate nd protects insides.Brantford is indi structable, pli- Va able, tight, water, weather, spark, atid, alkali, smoke, lire-proof.Brantford Ro ofing can tot absorb moisture, freeze and crack in cold wea- / ther, or become sticky and lifeless in hot weather.a DPrantford Crystal Roofing is not the kind all manufacturers care to make, more than short life Rootimr .Noofin » Book ad Brantford Sampl8 are frog M from dealer or us.Rrantford Asphalt Roofin>.Nos, 1.2.3.Brantford Rubber Rocfin- Nos.1.2, 3.Brantford Cristal Roofinz.one grade (heavy) \u2018oha wk Roofing ove grade BRANTFORD ROOFING COMPANY.LTD.BRANTFORD.CAN.Selling agents: \u2014Montreal 5020 ; Nobert & I.yvmburner.Que.; L.EE.Branch, No.9 Place d'Youville, Three Rivers, Que.: A.Sheppard & Labrecque, 127 Rue du Pont, Quebec, Que.\u2019 Telephone Main Son, Sorel, XVIII THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE This Book Has Saved Thousands of Dollars For Other Canadians May I Send YOU a Copy FREE URELY you are interested in a roof that is so fire-proof that fire insurance companies quote much lower rates on buildings it protects.A roof that is positively lightning- proof, wet-proof, leak-proof, rot-proof, \"wind-proof.roof that makes your house or barn warmer in winter, cooler in summer.A roof that needn't be painted, nor patched, nor tinkered with Wn to keep right.The only roof that is ~~ GUARANTEED to be a perfectly satis- LL I ask is that you send me your naine and address so that I may place a copy of this book in your hands.1 believe you will be greatly interested in the facts it contains about roof-cost and roof-value.It is not overenthusiastic, nor extravagantly-worded.It does not rromise \u201canything to get you to buy my roofing.\u201d I have] purposely been very careful to confine myself to stating plain facts in their logical order.I leave it to your own good judgment to decide what kind of roof you want after reading my book.My object is to give vou reliable, complete information so you can decide for your own best interests.You can believe what this book tells you just as you can believe what any Pedlar advertisement tells you I am personally answerable for every statement it makes \u2014as much so as if [ were giving sworn evidence in court.That's why it is important you should send for this book of mine\u2014because it contains \u2018\u2018the whole truth and nothing but the truth\u201d about the roofing question.Illustrated from Photos of Modern Farm Buildings, and Full of Hints of Great Practical Value to YOU OU have everything to gain and nothing to lose hy getting trustworthy information about roofing materials, There's no satisfaction in saying \u201cI wish I'd known\u201d when vou face a loss.And you cannot know all you should know about the cost and value of different kinds of roofing material until you know all the facts you learn by reading my \u201cRoofing Right\u201d book.Don\u2019t Wait Until You Need a New Roof\u2014Get It Now IY; the shmmense Pedlar Ontario, we make various ITERE'S no better time to get this information than RIGHT NOW.While yon building mate vials à ne heet think of it, Just clip out the coupon on this page, write your name and address one \u2018who 8, oing to build 1yon it, put it in an envelope and mail to my address nearest you.Or simply send repair a house où Fa va or me a postal card, mentioning this paper.Say you want my \u201cRoofing Right\u201d book, tiful Pedlar Art Ste 1 Gol.and a copy will be sent you immediately.You get a lot of valuable information, just ings and Side-w il f ee t el by asking for it.You get many facts you should know about all kinds of roofs, partic- thot take the place of unsightly.ularly about a roof that is unsanitary, short-lived plaster Also Pedlar Steel Siding for outside walls\u2014that mak fr A Good Roof For a Hundred Years house or born look as 1 it wre ° e,o e uilt of stone or fancy cement Guaranteed in Writing for Twenty-Five béksorbrick.Actualisoheaper by 209%.Fire-proof, too.Ask for factory roof in every respect for twenty-five years.Just Write Your Name and Address Here \u2014 Then Clip out this coupon and put it in an envelope addressed to our place nearest you.(See addresses belcw).A copy of \u201cRoofing Right\u201d will then be sent you immediately.EI I SS Crete ttt eset stearate aernny Now don\u2019t say you \u201cIaven't time to bother with it.\u201d I'm trying to save you *\u2018bother\u2019\u2014and expense.1 make it easy for you to get reliable information you ought to have\u2014maybe save you many dollars of roofing expense, to send for my book.Do it now, before you forget it, T may seem hard to believe.Yet that is exactly what you are to expect of an full particulars and learn how Oshawa-shingled roof, For Oshawa Steel Shingles, made of tough, heavy steel, you can make your money build a thoroughly galvanized, make a roof that will not need replacing or repair in a cen- better building by \u2018\u2018Pedlarizing.\u201d tury from the time it is first put on.My book tells why you can be sure of this.Also My large, finely illustrated book tells about my Guarantee, in proper legal form, to replace at our own cost any Oshawa- showing some of the 2,000 de- shingled roof within twenty-five years from the day it is put on.Do you know of any signs mailed free.other roofing which is guaranteed in writing for any period?I don\u2019t.Just be.curious\u2014critical if you feel like it.But don\u2019t fail\u2019 n PEDLAR PEOPLE of Oshawa =: HALIFAX ST.JOHN UEBEC MONTREAL 16 Prince St.42-46 Prince William St.SRE de Pont 321-3 Craig St.W.pra Ho A S 5 ND SN on OTTIAM PORT ARTHUR WINNIPEG REGINA CALGARY EDMONTON VANCOUVER VICTORIA.45 Cumberland St.76 Lombard St, 1901 Railway St.S.Room 7, Crown Block 633 Fifth Ave., North of Jasper 319 Pender St, 434 Kingston St.sis ADDRESS OUR NEAREST WAREHOUSE.WE WANT AGENTS IN SOME SECTIONS.WRITE FOR DETAILS.MENTION THIS PAPER.- ir "]