The Journal of agriculture and horticulture, 1 avril 1928, dimanche 1 avril 1928

[" \u2014 po Ze + 2% ES SA lt, wv In fag x cris oe 8 5 = vx air 204 2 % un hE Gr fi t = À x on kK?AN #1 p PSPAT > RN x.Jn Fh % 2 RR; 7\" Se ÿ £7 & a pon y % | Lhd Lez > de RAA NN x Le 4 2 je A 3 ve a Fébsiremnees, pa A | 5 À se _2 \u2018 ge ë = Figen os van as Le > x 58 ?0, oe vs ihe ei $ 21 a Wi He ih Hy oF, fads RS : Ba i a of ce 2 mn o pus 174, = SA foe ae HAE I a 2 SA AG seu 7 eh ke Volume 3 Fas À re ae Gx 7 A fr {A 1 ha 5 Ji oe En f \u201cBose.Rs 6) mord Franare tar a 20) fe \u201c1 Ry oo LE RY NV x * a A = E> cu 7?23% 3 i F 2 tes A PI fo as ave ven 5 = oy 2 gs 3 Som # 5 s \\ xt Bl / Fe.= ai AT ot 74; i Fromage\u201d x 22 û > Ao ji wy ns FAG ~ YAR! bar a wt 2 4 pit 204 8 ot Hy fol nan = so! 0 à X, Sansa mme OU vk oe peo SM ori AN ond crea # 3 A Bs 5 % oR 8.RX 2 gpa i te 5 ee 200 Eas oy Ww A \u201c Fad = 3 x 3% Ko 6 | ae pr) LR % 5 A 4 Mt pe oe ss ot we NYS $ Ex æ > non, Hh Fie: ch eu % oN 2e nt gt, wd ¥ Sed a PS ARS > > R Pay, 8 5 S03 3 $7 he a RE \u20ac A nee NE Si ns E ; | ES op CS ny wi \" RSR + # = AP) CHa LR) LS SE As von spores > >= PRO hp, Ny at ee vit 5 SL 4 se 3 2 3 bn An ER \u201c> #2 pn et 2p 5 rd wipe = INE Ÿ ee LA [83 7 a oT 45 J + > ne sy per A: q 4 og vie or \u20ac a3 2 ME x YX af SEN sn : eg.3 GE a ! y 8 2% 2 PSS x | ta 4 LX A bn, sa SN es Li Apri Fp?(5 A ©, 5 TA 2 } 2 ROE 23 on is Pa PTS MeN hes | à À Xe te ét ss 0 3 fn Fa x Fo ae) A A VIN Le 5 RAE Ri > He = 11st 1928 te 3 3y a rate we IN ot #1, TN oo se > or a = 2 oF oe 2 5 & BY) Simoni canines = LS IF, A es To # bas 33 A oF Eee y Se vs = 2 SSSR A Ton AE > Ce Ww SRN #3 AIRES Le } 3) ee Ral LA dés, \u201c+ Te ¥ RRR co Ax lf fi À sh = + u 1) > We fi eer $ x?q A Se e RQ ar 2 THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC.= 0d ES OR 1% A AE ET x A vu EE oi Sew ol * HUE bu \u201ca Ry Shyu La 3 = 7.SX Rx = ne = = SA NE = a annee + ES LR NS 3 ie 2 os ree = RS bE NA cepa a RES SAR LS AND HORTICULTURE mm DS te + Xe 5a Be Ra \u2026 > I + BR \" TAN 2 SR LR | no a re 3 ; ps PES FAR it 0 CN 3 2x NN ntm ÿ oF fron Sr es LS £ £8 = Fr 5 7 : 2 = AR on DO! = N >» du ad An 0 er 2 x .s 3 > RAY ZN = = rts 5 ICULTURE ne 2 Penge e JOURNAL = À pA set x7 Number 10 LR \u201cés res > PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF Fad AA Ets 2 LES \u201cete À minor nan en mss te a gn os ont 7 af aN, a = uy À THE JOURNAL \"870 Coupe - - - - $870 Roadster Ch rumble 870 Touring - - - 870 Two-door Sedan 880 Four-door Sedan 930 DeLuxe Coupe - 930 (with rremble seat) DeLuxe Sedan - 1000 All prices {.0.b.Windsor, Ontario, including standard factory equip ment (freight and taxes extra) The smart New Chrysler \u201c52\u201d at the phenomenal new lower prices \u2014 with quality unchanged \u2014is more than ever the greatest value in the low-priced field.?Full-sized bodies of exceptional fineness, roomier by far than any other car of comparable price.Long, flexible car springs and extra- large balloon tires, giving you all the comfort of a large, high-priced car.It has power, speed and pick-up characteristic of all \u2019 Chryslers.And, above everything, it gives you a smoothness of operation and ease of handling and riding, that enables you to use its fleetness and dash with real comfort.The smart New Chrysler \u201c52\u201d is everything that Chrysler quality has come to mean among motor cars.Study it in intimate detail.Ride in it.Drive it.Then see how its new lower prices put it far beyond comparison with any other car in this group.9 THE CANADIAN-BUILT CHRYSLER FOR CANADIANS \u201cINTERNATIONAL\u201d \u2014Made in Canada by Canadians Every International preparation that is shipped from our factory is one hundred per cent.Canadian manufacture and is the work of Cauadians.Supporting each and every International preparation is a sound organization, one that is favourably known throughout Canada for its service, knowledge and the extremely high quality of the products it manufactures.The responsibility connected with the making of these preparations is in the hands of skilled professional men, veterinarians, chemists, etc., executives with a life-long training and a vast experience in the exclusive manufacture of live stock medicinal and mineral preparations, who have an intimate knowledge of live stock needs and requirements.Year by year the sales of International preparations steadily increase as Canadian live stock raisers recognize that these preparations are regular stand-bys, dependable in quality and purity, and what is more important\u2014that through their use they obtain maximum satisfaction and good results.OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE MNT NA) LR Try This Experiment TAKE a row of potatoes.Or a row of strawberries.Or a row of apple trees.Cultivate the soil and feed it Nitrate of Soda according to the directions we will furnish.Keep count of the crop and compare it with what you get where no Nitrate of Soda was used.We are content to stand by the comparison.You'll never truly realize the wonderful effect of Chilean Nitrate of Soda on growth until you try it for yourself.Write for our free booklet, \u201cWhat \u2014 When \u2014 How \u2014to Use Fertilizers.\u201d Chilean Nitrate of Soda a QAO0OOTOOOOCOO0OORONDDTOORIOROCOO0COROQC 0605D0099000009GSS0000(00090D0O05009600900000680GQ50096009OS5D6O0Q00.© 0 Educational Bureau ag B.Leslie Emslie, 0 Dominion Manager 0 738 Reford Building, Toronto Q a1 2 .= 9 What ?When?O, .9 How ?a 75 Use Q 5 0000020000 0LO0O0DOOCEDAGA0 oi m Your horses cannot work every day | this spring if they are not in good condition\u2014do what you can now to get them in shape.Are you ready to clip them?After winter idleness horses are \u201csoft\u201d and if the long hair is not clipped, excessive sweating soon | fH weakens and slows them up.At M night the sweat-soaked long hair M becomes icy cold\u2014shivering horses |§ N can't get proper rest.Imagine work- § M ing on a warm spring day in a fur § M coat and going to bed in sweat- § M soaked clothes.! Even if given extra feed, unclipped fl horses are unable to keep up as well as clipped horses.Clipped Horses Swcat Less § No long hairs to hold sweat, dust, M etc\u2014they soon dry off and groom- E M ing them is an easy job compared J RB with the unclipped horse.They rest better, fcel better and do more ÿ work on less feed.A It Pays to Clip Horses R Get a Siewart No.1 Clipping Machine À @ now\u2014it will be a big help in keeping JB B vour horses on the job this spring.BR M Guaranteed satisfactory or money re- MB funded.Stewart Machines sold over ll 15 vears ago are still in use.At your j H dealers £14.50 (Western Canada $15.00) M or send us 82,00 and pay balance on | arrival, freight prepaid.Flexible Shaft Co., Ltd.358 Carlaw Ave.Toronto $ Clipped % Horses Do More Work THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE III Improvements 1.Beautiful gold and black colors.Completely enclosed gears.Improved regulating cover.NE AN = New turnable A supply can.i LA NN Easier turning.Oil window.DA / JE / =F = Floating bowl EAS PULL dE A 5 Atha.& Ga = LL who have had an opportunity of seeing and trying the new 1928 ; SO0th Anniversary \u201c\u2018 Golden Series\u201d\u201d De Laval Separators unhesitatingly pronounce them the finest separators that have ever been made.They are finished in gold and black colors, which are beautiful, durable and practical.gears on these 50th Anniversary De Lavals are completely enclosed and protected, insuring maximum durability.: A new type of regulating cover and float affords a flow of milk from the supply can of the separator in a smooth even stream, without spattering.You will appreciate the turnable supply can, which permits bowl and covers to be removed or put in place without lifting the supply can from its position.i The \u201cGolden Series\u2019 are also easy to start and turn, and require less power to operate, for the work they do, than any other separator now made.i By looking through the oil window on the \u201cGolden Series\u201d you can see at a glance just bow much oil your separator has, and what condition it is in.| And of course the \u201cGolden Series\u201d De Lavals have the wonderful floating bowl\u2014 the finest ever made.It is self-balancing, runs smoothly without vibration, with De Laval Milkers are now being the least power, and delivers a smooth, rich cream.used on thousands of farms, and are But the best way to appreciate the \u201cGolden Series\u201d is to see and try one yourself.milking more than one million cows.Your nearest authorized De Laval Dealer will gladly show and demonstrate one for They milk faster, better, cleaner and -you.Sold for cash or on easy terms or monthly installments, so that they will pay cheaper than can be done in any other for themselves.Trade allowances made on old separators of any age or makeg way.They soon pay for themselves.See your nearest authorized De Laval Dealer about information on Sold on easy terms.De Laval Separators and Milkers, or write nearest office below.The De Laval Company, Ltd.Montreal Peterborough Winnipeg Vancouver 50™ GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY BONDS Municipal, School, Mortgage, Industrial, STOCK EXCHANGE OPERATIONS GEOFF FRION & GO.Investment Securities Members Montreal Stock Exchange Members Montreal Curb Market 101, Notre-Dame Street West Tel.Main 3268 Stove Polish ; Liquid and Paste res ee A GOOD INVESTMENT Ÿ à Givesa Quick Shine You are deeply interested in the increase production of your farm.You must then keep that yourself well posted as to the best means to do it.Lasts a Long Time The Journal of Agriculture contains valuable information in every issue and it costs only à Made in Canada $1.00 per annum.Nonsuch Limited -Toronto Send your subscription to Mr.O.Lessard, secretary of the Council of Agriculture, Parliamentary Building, Quebec, Que.On request we send a sample copy.wa CHAMPION offers Striking Improvements Champion \u2014 for all cars otherthan Model T Ford Champion X for Ford Model T 80¢ FARM OWNERS operating trucks, tractors,and other engine- driven farm equipment will be vitally interested in these new Champion improvements.A remarkable new silliman- ite glaze on the insulator\u2014 keeping the plug free from carbon and oily deposits\u2014 thus increasing its insulating efficiency.New compression-tight patented gasket seal which holds absolutely gas-tight \u2014thus insuring maximum compression.; Improved special analysis electrodes providing a permanently fixed spark gap which is far more efficient under al! conditions.Champion says in all sincerity, that Champion su- periorities are so pro- ~ nounced as to warrart immediate equipment with + new Champions, no J matter what spark plug 5.you may be using now.CHAMPION SPARK PLUG CO.5 OF CANADA, LIMITED Windsor, Ontario var Le We A CANADIAN-MADE PRODUCT IV THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE These Amazing Buckeye brooders PET Es ® A Revolutionary Invention will Increaseyour \"che puotoye \u201cnivo Hont\u201d Poultry Profits 5er ester ee The Buckeye \u2018\u2018Rite-Heat\u2019\u2019 Brooder is dif- heat, It\u2019s the brooder that automatically pro- .vides accurate and dependable heat regulation.They save your baby chicks.They'll stop your It operates with practically no attention\u2014no baby chick losses.They\u2019llhelp youmake more money bother, no getting up at nights.It broods up from your poultry than you've ever made before.to 1,000 chicks at one time.They don\u2019t get Our big free book explains everything\u2014how Buck- chilled, overheated, or smothered to death.eye brooders save time, save work, save chicks, in- They live.Your profits grow.crease profits.Send for it today.Don\u2019t wait.AT - | Write for World's Greatest Coal-Burning Brooder di, More than a quarter million farmers end poultry raisers know the amazing chick-saving ability of the Buckeye Coal-Burning Brooder.The stove is bigger\u2014holds more coal \u2014 gives more ap heat \u2014 burns longer.Double check draft Ç C T automatically regulated, forit TODAY.provides constant correct tem- THE BUCKEYE INCUBATOR CO Buck bab .Pete lonses, Icraives mare chicks.Itincreasesprofits, 3055 Euclid Ave., Springfield, Ohio Our free book tells all about these sensational Brooders.It 1°\" 7 tells how Buckeye Incuba- A tors hatch more chicks.It i tells how to make more money 12 7 from your poultry.It\u2019s FREE.Write CANADIAN DISTRIBUTORS .\u2018The J.H.Ashdown Hardware Company, Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton and Saskatoon ood, Alexander and James Company, Ltd., Hamilton Th» A.I.Johnson and Company, Limited, Vancouver B.C.ector L.Merv, Montreal # # MILES AN HOUR AT ROCKINGHAM SPEEDWAY a 4-cylinder Whippet has estaplished anewrecord\u201471.6 milesan hour, One more example of the fact that the The Whippet has improvements that some orallother light cars lack \u2014gas tank in rear, force-feed lubrication, silent timing chain, adjust- Whippet is today\u2019s able steering wheel, longer spring- fastest and finest base and other refinements that light car.mean longer, more satisfactory COACH 695 F.o.b.Factory.Taxes Extra.Willys-Overland Sales Company Limited, Toronto, Ontar:o Branches \u2014 Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg.sacre SOMETHING FOR NOTHING If Map'e trees ran maple syrup instead of sap\u2014there would still be untapped trees owned by people who just naturally let things slide.A Maple tree gives you its\u2019 sap for nothing, it will be there anyhow whether you use it or not.Turn this fresh pure sap into high grade syrup or sugar and you make money out of your Maple trees\u2014tap them all and make as much money as you can, that is what the GRIMM CHAMPION EVAPORATOR satisfaction in buying it from someone you know.miles which are built into these tires at the factory.All Goodyear Tires are built o SUPERTWIST Cords \u2014 61% more stretch and life than old- style cords.\\\\/ HER you spend your good money for a tire, there\u2019s a whole lot of The reliable tire dealer located near you wants your goodwill for years to come.He wants to give you value.He has a reputation to maintain.That\u2019s the kind of dealer who is a Goodyear Selected Dealer.He operates under the Goodyear Selected Dealer plan because it enables him to give his customers the greatest value, wide choice of prices, sizes, treads.Then his knowledge of tires is so wide that he can give advice that will kelp you to get every last one of the thousands of A mighty good man to know?He certainly is! And there\u2019s one in every town in Canada big enough to support a good dealer.is specially built for and it thoroughly knows its business.The fall is a splendid time for fixing things up in your maple Grove and putting everything in shape for sap-running next spring.Have a Grimm Champion there and it will last a lifetime.Write, GRIMM MANUFACTURING CO.58 Wellington Street, Montreal WANTED 50 Thousand \u201cKinny Men To Put on at Least 5 Pounds of Solid Flesh in 30 Days.Countless thousands of underweight men and women have not rid of that scrawny face and figure by a simple casy treatment that is sure and inexpensive.It\u2019s really marvelous how quickly those who try it take on flesh where flesh is most needed.Hollows in neck and chest fill out and narrow sunken chested men begin to take on a decided manliness in just a few weeks, The one great scientific weight producer that people who need more flesh can depend upon is McCoy's Ced Liver Extract Tablets and besides helping you to bring to those who take them more energy, strength and vigor \u2014they have proven a superb tonic.McCoy takes all the risk \u2014 Read this ironclad guarantee.If after taking 4 sixty cent boxes of McCoy's Cod Liver Extract Tablets or 2 one dollar boxes any thin, underweight man or woman doesn\u2019t gain at least 5 pounds and feel completely satisfied with the marked improvement in health\u2014any druggist is authorized to ot return the purchase price.SERA SEL THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE YOU CAN\"T CUT OUT Toroucweix but you can clean them off promptly Jith and you u work the horse same timé, Does not blister or remove the hair $2.50 per bottle, delivered.Will tell you more if you write.Book 4 R free.ABSORBINE, JR, the antiseptic liniment for mankind, reduces Varicose Veins, Ruptured Muscles or Ligaments, Enlarged Glands, V7eno Cysts.Allays pain quickly.Price $1.25 a porte at druggists or delivered.W.F.YOUNG Inc., 134 Lymans Bldg., Montreal, \u2018can.Ahsorbine and Absorbine.Jr.are made to Canada.+-+-0-0-+-+-0-0-0+-0-+-+-0-0-+-0 004-6444 -+-+-+-0-e-0-00.Ç J Two Big Firms Consoliate \u2014to cut downop- _ erating costs and therebymakeBig [17 bil Cuts in Prices || BB Incubators of both} Trays.Wisconging are finis Ironclad covered with galvanized iron, Shipped complote\u2014sct up ready to use from TORONTO or WINNIPEG.FREIGHT AND DUTY PAID You take norisk.We give you 30 Days\u2019 Trial.If not satisfactory, then send them back at our expense and get your money.hed natural Redwood coior WISCONSIN PRICES 140 Egg Size $17.95 8 {IRONCLAD PRICES 140 Egg Size $18.80 « 20.50 180 ¢¢ 21.65 350 « « 57.80 250 © « 39.50 500 « « 55,00 500 « ¢ 59.00 77 Discount if Incubator and Brooderis ordered together.Order direct from this ad.Send for g New Free Book = \u2014ghows larger sizes up Wickiess SanopyBrocters ¢ to 2000 eggs\u2014tells how to get eggs in winter; 24\"\u2014=125chicks$13.75 how to stop chick losses, 44\"==500 * 19.25 how to feed, care, ete.WISCONSIN-IRONCLAD CO.Bex1402 Racine, Wis.++.266409000000 SOUFFLERINE A guaranteed cure fur HORSE HEAVES COLD, BROKEN WIND Certificates in our hands prove the real merit of \u201cSOUFFLERINE\u201d, Don't delay to learn about write at once.pe, a 5 lb-box $4.80, 10 Ib.$9.00 Sent by mail C.O.D MAINLAPBERT, P.O.Box 1597.Montreal.PROOF AGAINST PROOF F AGA NST Year round Farm House comfort point at which 609, of the costly heat you generate escapes to the outer air.TTF2 IF your farm house is cold in winter \u2014over-warn in summer\u2014you can get uniform comfort by insulating throughout with TEN/TEST Sheathing.Tt is easy to handle, saws and nails like wood, fits right and tight to the studding.Are you building a new home?TEN/TEST Sheathing, used outside is more economical for building than wood sheathing\u2014plus a saving of 35% on fuel bills.You can lay stucco directly on TEN/TEST, or finish with brick, drop-siding and other material at no extra cost.In homes already built, the attics are often waste space and are always the While insulating the attic with TEN/TEST (as illustrated above) you can also make an attractive room or rooms.No additional heat is required for these rooms.TEN/TEST keeps out all dampness, heat and cold, and it makes the home a healthier, happier place to live in.taste i \u2014Jorsts à Tan Teor JH = \u20ac 3 x= TEN/TEST not only { |b insulates the attic, mak- ll TenTear.Joiste ing the house warmer in winter and cooser in 1 summer, but also provides extra room that can be put to many J uses, when company comes, or as larger quarters for the growing boys.Eaves or Roan of Attic Consult your lumber dealer, or write Department TTA for specifications INTERNATIONAL F' BRE BOARD LIMITED, MIDLAND Ont., GATINEAU, Que.GENUINE BADOS [xtra Pansy MOLASSES \u201cBEMA BRAND\u201d HIS trade mark on the head of every cask is your guarantee and your grocer\u2019s guarantee of the World\u2019s Finest Molasses.BRIMFUL OF HEALTH AND ENERGY Serve it at Every Meal GOOD GROCERS SELL IT - IN BULK ONLY 04 VI FOR SALE FEW registered Ayrshire calves, males and females, accredited herd.Registered Chester White young pigs coming from old sows, farrowed in March.Moderate prices, Hatching eggs of Barred Plymouth Rocks.$1.26 for 15 or $7.00 for 100.J.C.BERNARD, St, Pie, Bagot Cty., P.Q.R.R, No.2.FOR SALE CHESTER White and Yorkshire young pigs farrowed in March and April.Apply to ULDARIE P.FONTAINE, Ste.Angele, Rou- ville Cty., Que.FOR SALE CHINCHILLA and Angora rabbits, raccoons, minks.Serious representatives wanted, BREEDING FARM \u201cQUEBHC\u2019\u201d, Montmagny.P.Q.CHESTER WHITE FOR SALE: 3 litters of registered Chester White young pigs farrowed in March and April.Selected offsprings, moderate price.Apply at ARMAND LUSSIER, St.Damase, St.Hyacinthe, Cty.White Leghorn Chicks COMING from one of the best laying strains in Canada.Delivered every week.100% living.Ask for price list St.Francis Poultry Farm Reg'd., St.Francois Xavier de Brompton, Que.FOR SALE ONE apray with complete outfit, in account of owner's death.Apply to MADAME CA- VILLE PESANT, St.Dorothee, Laval Cty, Que.ONE DAY Chicks, nine various breeds, all guaranteed pure bred.We guarantee that 100% of ordered chicks, will be delivered strong and living.Ask for our catalog freely sent on re- quest.LAURENCELLE & ROUTHIER, 1421 Bieury St, Montreal.FOR SALE ONE farm, two miles from Shawinigan Falls, 94 acres of land, 45 under cultivation, balance in bush and pasture.Good buildings, Price $6,000.00.For information, write to FREDDY FERRON, Glenada, St.Maurice Cly., P.Q.FOR SALE HATCHING eggs from White Leghorns Barred Plymouth Rocks, at reasonable price.also Giants of Flanders, Golden pheasants.lor price, write to JEAN D.LACHAT'ELLE, St.Paul I'Ermite, P.Q.Ayrshire, Chester White, Yorkshire FOR SALE.Two fine bulls, 22 months and 1 year old, coming from dams registered in R.O.P.; herd will be soon accredited.Trew litters of young pigs farrowed in Murch and April.Selected registered specimens, Moderate price.GEORGDS E.MORIN.St.Hyacinthe.R.R.2, Tel.Bell 712-2.FOR SALE MANY litters of Improved and registered Chester White and Yorkshire young pigs which will born in the first days of April Moderate price.Apply to ILUCIEN MORIN.St, Hyacinthe, P.Q.CREAM WANTED SHIPPERS for our new butter department.Highest prices: weekly settlements, WILD- GROVE LIMITED, 1756 Colborne St., Montreal.Que.STRAWBERRY PLANTS FOR SALE.Improved Extra Hardy early Senator Dunlap.Quality guaranteed.Delivery prepaid.$1.25 hundred.$4.50 five hundred.$8.00 thousand.LEONARD BARKLEY, Morrisburg, Ontario.BULL FOR SALE ONE 8-menth old Holstein bull, calves, male and female, coming from cows registered in R.O.P.(305 days) 13,000 and 14,000 pounds of milk.Accredited herd.EIDOUARD P.LACHAPELLE, St Paul l'Ermite, L'Assomption Cty.WHITE Leghorns, Barred Rocks, Rhode Island Reds, White Wyandottes, RIVERCROFT FARM \u2014Pure Bred Poultry, Pedigreed Cockerels, 8- 10-12 weeks old pullets, Pullets Trapnested under Government R.O.P.Supervision, Baby Chicks Hatching Eggs.Farnham, Que.Send for circular.65 Percheron, Belgian, Clydesdale, Hackney Stallions and Mares.Prize winners Canada's leading fairs.Prices reasonable and suitable terms arranged.Write for details.ARNOLD & SON, GRENVILLE, QUE.BABY CHICKS\u2014Large White Leghorns and White Rock, from our winter laying strains.Also Hatching eggs.Order early.Supply of White Rocks limited.W.N, HENDRICK, Box 433 G., Hanover, Ont.AYRSHIRES FOR SALE SPRING calves and selected bulls, seven to fifteen month old, coming from qualified dams very carefully selected and from sires of high quality, sons of SIR ANDREW Imp.and MAJOR DE ST-SULPICK.Accredited herd.Whether you buy by correspondance or in person you will be equally satisfied.LA FERME BELLEVUE, St.Hyacinthe, Que., R.No.1, Tel.Ste.Rosalie.Cheerfully Get a two-ounce bottle of Moone\u2019s Emerald Oil (full strength) today.Every well stocked drug store has this, with the distinct understanding that your money will be cheerfully returned if it does not reduce the inflammation, soreness, and pain much quicker than any remedy you ever used.Two or three applications of Moone\u2019s Emerald Oil and in fifteen minutes the pain and soreness disappears.À few more applications at regular intervals and the inflammations is gone.And as for Soft Corns a few applications each night at bed time and | | Refunded.they just seem to shrivel right up and scale off.| No matter how discouraged you have been with pads, shields, or other applications, if you have not tried Emerald Oil then you have something to learn.It\u2019s a wonderful formula this combination of essential oils with camphor and other antiseptics so marvelous that thousands of bottles are sold annually for reducing varicose or swollen veins.| Every good druggist guarantees the first bottle of Moone\u2019s Emerald Oil to end your foot troubles or money back.THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Here\u2019s Speedy Relief From Bunion Pains and Soft Gorns Emerald Oil Must Give Complete Satisfaction or Money End Your Rupture in this new scientific way Without Pain, Operation or Delay You Can Try It FREE! No springs or goug- 5 ing pads to push into the rupture opening.Its \u2014 soft, clean, oval air .cushion brings the edges of the rupture together.Asleep, awake, at work or rest, it works for your cure.it has healed thousands.The most modern and the cleanest healing method known to science.Gives Absolute Freedom in Motion Write today for Free Trial Offer.Delay-\u2014Rupture is a dangerous thing.BROOKS APPLIANCE CO., 207B State St., - Marshall, Mich.Don\u2019t Ayrshire, Yorkshire, Chester White FOR SALE: Four one year old Ayrshire bulls coming from dams registered in KR, O.P.Few calves which wiil born in March and April.Accredited and selected herd.Few litters of Yorkshire and Improved Chester White young pigs coming in March and April.Moderate price.Apply to ADELARD MORIN, St.Hya- * cinthe, Tel Bell 716, s.8.BRIGHTEN YOUR HOME \u2014 NOW \u2014 AT LITTLE EXPENSE More Beautiful [ess Expensive, GUARANTEE À GATISFACTION SUARANTEED À OR YOUR MONEY EACK And Guaranteed Do not forget toask for the Gold Seal .your Guarantee of satisface tion and positive ase surance of the best floor-covering value your money can buy.CONGOLEUM CANADA LIMITED; MONTREAL + y ET 20057 \u201cKachmi\u201d\u201d : VY Pattern No.562 AL is shown here\u2014 3 oe ; 2, CF @ stunning com- P78\" Old Gold and Royal Blue bination of Mulberry, rly $6.75\u2014at your dealer\u2019s.NW /-\u2014the 9 x 6 fool size costs ETF 07 OR that room that needs \u2018\u201c\u2018doing-over\u2019\u2019 .why delay longer?.Congoleum Gold Seal Rug prices are again reduced; this time the than ever.savings offered are greater \u2018The 1928 patterns are the most beautiful you\u2019ve ever seens a host of charming colour schemes are instantly suggested - « « « all made with new \u2018 Multicote\u2019\u2019 longer-wearing surface .an improvement that builds longer wear from the felt base right through the hard-wearing surface \u2014only genuine Congoleum with the Gold Seal on the surface offers this exclusive feature.ONGOLEUM GOLD SEAL RUGS Congoleum Canada Limited, 60B | 1270 St.Patrick Street, Montreal.1 I Send me, without cost or obligation, a copy of your latest booklet entitled \u2018Charming Colour Schemes That Cost So ! | Little.\u201d I I Name.i iii it tii ire tracers 1 ( Address.0.00e 0000000000 et eee ta teas ) THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE VII Jarm help ora few cents a day / TO HELP YOU with YOUR INCOME TAX RETURN O assist the income tax payers of this commu- Toe in preparing their returns for the year 1927, due on April 30th next, the Bank of Montreal has issued a new edition of its booklet on Api home THE CANADIAN power lan INCOME TAX ACT A} = ¢ Think of the savings you can make by getting a e \u201cZ\u2019\u2019 Engine to do for a few cents per hour the many jobs you\u2019ve been doing by expensive man-power! Think too Electric or labo, ss ne cae os ed.This booklet contains the full text of the law as it engine driven.Over 400,000 farmershave ed.Gives now appears in the Revised Statutes of Canada, Capacities from proved it simple and pro- Steady light 1927.All the changes to date are incorporated.a.; oR fitable to operate.generator Or It also gives clear interpretations and examples.also supply \u201c2\u201d Engines 2to 20 h.p.rom ate Copies may be obtained without charge on windmills, Diesel Engines as application to the nearest branch.pump jacks and 30 to 840 h.p.pumps.Write for free booklet B 1 ank of Montrea Established 1817 Total Assets in excess of $830,000,000 _ ea a The canadian Fait DANKS-MoOrSse ce.RC VE TENUE ILE Windsor » Winnipeg \u201cRegina - Calgary - \u2018Vancouver - Victoria \u201cThe Makers of Fairbanks scales and valves -: TORONTO WOMAN 1S GRATEFUL To Gin Pills For Relieving Pain and Listlessness Household duties were burdensome; pain wracked her body; medical skill accomplished nothing; then\u2014 and how cften this happens!\u2014a friend advised Gin Pills.This former sufferer writes: \u201cFor ahout one year I had trouble with my back.TI got tired so casily, had a terribly listless feeling at all times.T had medical attention, all during this period but count obtain relief.\u201cAfter using the first box of Gin Pills T got relief and, after taking three boxes, I feel that IT am com- | pletely relieved.1 always keep Gin Pills in the medicine cabinet.\u201d The Roof Over Your Head a rs Don\u2019t suffer needless agony! Don\u2019t lay yourself wide open to scourges .like Rheumatism, Sciatica, Lumbago Important information and acute Bladder ills, by neglect- AGHA, Fi h R ing your kidneys.Severe backach- Features of wsner oof and dizzy spells are warnings.S- .are headaches, swollen joints, pain- Construction for every closed car buyer ful, scanty or too frequent urine, tion.Safeguard yourself.Relie- Everyone realizes the importance of roof construction pain quickly.Take Gin Pills.59 1.The roof of every Fisher Body is practically a separate assembly, resting 1.; a box at all druggists.Noting; as securely upon the body's pillars as in the building of a home; \u2014roof construction of a Drug & Chemical Company ny es the roof of a home upon its frame- } .> sont y work.° closed car is equally important, because the roof of Canada, Limited, Toronto.7 © 2.Slats and bows form the sturdy struc- the closed car is not only subjected to the elements \u2014 ® ture of a Fisher roof deck.The bows are but to severe strains and stresses as well.That is twelve inches apart; the slats three inches apart.why in a Body by Fisher the roof is always so i 3, The bows used in a Fisher roof are strongly, staunchly built .The structure and the cut to shape, not steam bent.They retain their shape permanently.strength of the roof, as of the entire Fisher Body, adds CHEAP SEED 4.A layer of sound-absorbing cotton greatly to the safety of travel in all cars equipped batting laid on the Fisher roof frame- with Body by Fisher.The Fisher roof is also far 1s too expensive.work between two sheets of cotton cloth, ; It produces reduces drumming noises.more durable .In selecting your next car, examine 5.All Fisher roofs are covered with the roof.Ask questions about it.Find out whether POOR CROPS extra Jurable weather proof fabric \u2014.it has the Fisher advantages of roof structure de- specially constructe o stand Up un ; .i .all conditions of weather.tailed herewith\u2014advantages which mean greater Be economical 4 this year and strength, greater durability, and greater safety.year an FISHER BODIES [coos GENERAL MOTORS OF CANADA, LIMITED REGISTERED SEED C oft is good seed.It is obtain- (5 able from all reputable Now\u201d seedsmen and from many Pe members of the Canadian CADILLAC 7 LASALLE 7 MC LAUGHLIN-BUICK OAKLAND 7 OLDSMOBILE Seed Growers\u2019 Association PONTIAC CHEVROLET A THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE VIII \u2014_\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 A Any farm can afford IN a complete plumbing system installed by units 7 Deep Well System No.850 Pumping from depths down to 250 feet.In a wide range of sizes and capacities to meet any conditions.Some farmers can afford to put in a complete plumbing and heating system all at once.But for most, step-by-step installation is advisable, say agricultural authorities.\u201cFirst,\u201d advise these experts, \u201cassure a pure water supply.Then install a kitchen sink with a small hand pump over it.Next a water heater.\u201d Then you are ready for the improvement that increases profits, saves labor for man and woman, and gives farm homes the comfort of city ones\u2014a Crane Automatic Water System and running water.From the beginning of a step-by-step installation, Crane Limited urges that you keep in touch with a Crane contractor.From the initial sink and piping to the final unit, he can supply all materials.He will help you lay out the original plan, which should be complete in the beginning.At every point in its development, he will save you money.On request, Crane Limited will send full information regarding Crane water systems, made in types and sizes for all purposes, and .Shallow Well Svstem Crane fixtures, valves, and fittings.Any ques- No.215-4 For a vertical lift down i ) tions regarding farm plumbing and heating fo 2m op Cams soak made in all sizes and will be gladly answered.capacities.CRANE CRANE LIMITED, GENERAL OFFICES: 1170 BEAVER HALL SQUARE, MONTREAL CRANE-BENNETT, LTD., HEAD OFFICE: 45-51 LEMAN STREET, LONDON, ENG.Branches and Sales Offices in 21 Cities in Canada and British Isles Works: Margreal and Se.Johns, Quebec, Canada, and 1pswich, Englund 120,000 owners have tested Whippet performance in millions of miles of driving.It is important to remember this proved superiority of the Whippet.It is only after so extensive and continuous a demonstration of value that any motor car merits complete and lasting public confidence.Get a demonstration.F.o.b.Factory.Taxes extra.Willys-Overland Sales Company Limited, Toronto, Ontar:o Branches \u2014 Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg.a ess meme agg UE arr cd tis tt dns A Tribute to The Farmer N 1921 and 1922 conditions affecting the farmer were very serious.Wheat dropped to less than $1.00 per bushel, cattle to 6 cents per pound, butter to 31 cents per pound.But the farmer\u2019s own living costs did not decline so abructly.For th years he struggled against à a combination of difficulsies which would have driven less courageous men to despair.Gradually, however, the farmer worked himself out of depression, and to-day, the Canadian farmer is regarded as the most successful in the world.The farmer won his biggest fight.His own efforts counted most, but he had help from some people and institutions who had unbounded faith in him.This Bank stood by him, because of its unchanging policy to further his interests in every possible way.18 THE CANADIAN BANK OF COMMERCE Capital Paid Up - .$20,000,000 Reserve Fund - - $20,000,000 x M wT | T A DVERTISEMENTS d OF AD TIS BY THE .ADDRESS TO DEPARTMENT OF THE CANADA AGRICULTURE \u2018 PUBLISHING CO., OF THE > y Limited PROVINCE OF O \u2019 73 St.James St, QUEBEC.À Montreal.AN lati the readin columns oust NOTE .pos address .28 Hodgins, Editer, Macdom AND HORTICULTURE Circulation - 71,317 Volume 31 APRIL 1st 1928 Number 10 EDITORIAL COMMENT A ONE-VOLUME POULTRY REFERENCE LIBRARY We are in receipt of the newly printed Report of the World's Poultry Congress which was held last summer in Ottawa, a beautifully bound book of almost 600 pages, handsomely illustrated.It is not the binding, however, that strikes one about this book, nor yet its size (though its heavy cloth binding and its size\u2014600 pages, 734 by 1015 inches\u2014are impressive), but the extraordinary scope of its contents.For the Report gives not only an account of the various general meetings that were held in connection with the event, but also the full tale of papers presented by the world authorities before one or other of the many sections of the Congress.It will be remembered that, in order to facilitate the presentation of the many important papers, the meeting resolved itself into different sections, each dealing with one phase of the poultry industry.One group of workers listened to the addresses of world famous experts on subjects connected with breeding, another to those dealing with questions of poultry disease, and so on.So that not even the man who spent the whole week at the Congress could keep in touch with all that went on: many meetings were progressing at the same time.In this Report, however, the interested poultry producer has an opportunity to get, in one single volume, all of the papers delivered on all of the subjects considered\u2014a more up-to-date reference work on poultry, and one of greater scope, than any other obtainable anywhere today.Forty- one papers on breeding are printed here, 34 on poultry diseases, 21 on nutrition, 26 on marketing, 16 on extension work with poultry and 15 on general poultry topics\u2014is not this a real reference library ?And the papers cover the findings of not only one or two countries, but of most of the countries where poultry are kept for profit.We recommend this volume to our readers.Quebec is quickly awakening to her opportunities in poultry, and we want our poultrymen to have the best available information.We are informed, however, that there is only a very limited edition of this work available, and that those who desire copies should send in their orders without delay to the Secretary, World\u2019s Poultry Congress, Ottawa, Ont.The price of the volume is $3.00.ARGENTEUIL TO BE MADE ACCREDITED AREA A request, in the form of a petition signed by over 80% of the cattle owners of the County of Argenteuil, has recently been presented to the authorities asking that the Federal Government establish in Argenteuil a tuberculosis-free \u201carea\u201d.As our readers no doubt know, under this plan all the cows in a given area, purebred or grades, are tested for freedom from bovine tuberculosis and all suspects slaughtered.In other words, the area is cleaned up, in so far as this disease is concerned, and regulations are enforced which will see that the district stays clean.It is not new to Quebec; already some eight counties are free from tubercular cattle.The advantages of such wholesale cleaning up of this disease are many.Foremost, perhaps, is that of better milk for human consumption: in one united action the producers of milk over a very large area are cleansed of the disease, and the result must be great in the increasing safety of the milk produced there.Again, there is the matter of improved sales of stock from such a district.More and more are buyers of cattle insisting on knowing that the cows they buy are free from tuberculosis, and the areas that are known to be free from the disease are likely to invite the prospective buyer of breeding cattle.And, too, the fact that all of the cattle in a large area are accredited lessens the risk of reinfection.Quebec has many very famous dairying district, and Ar- genteuil is not the least important of these.Not only is this county well known as a heavy shipper of milk to Montreal, but it is well known as well for its herds of purebred stock.We can think of no fair that has shown greater development during the past few years in its dairy cattle section than has Lachute, in the heart of Argenteuil.We congratulate the people of Argenteuil on their decision, and we are sure that they will not regret it.TO HELP THE MAPLE SUGAR INDUSTRY Two announcements of great importance to maple sugar makers have recently been made.The first concerns research.It is to the effect that a grant has been made by the National Research Council of Canada, to be administered under the direction of Dr.J.F.Snell, professor of chemistry at Macdonald College, for research into some of the problems of maple sugar and syrup makers.The second concerns administration, being to the effect that the Hon.W.R.Motherwell, federal Minister of Agriculture, has declared his department to be ready to take over the administration of the law regarding substitution and adulteration in maple products.Our information in the latter matter is simply a newspaper note, but, if correct, it is, we think, a very important announcement.For several years now some of the more interested maple products producers and buyers in this province have been asking for just this thing.The trouble up to the present has been that the Act under which adulteration was supposed to be curbed was administered by a department that was interested, not in the maple industry, but in seeing that consumers received a product that was not injurious to health; and, while maple products that have been adulterated by the substitution of cane sugar may be quite healthful, the adulteration has had a harmful effect on the industry as a whole, making it very difficult for dealers in the pure product to meet the competition of those who resorted to adulteration.The Department of Agriculture, however, should be interested in seeing that \u2018pure\u2019 maple products are really pure, not only because it is the right of the consumer to get what he pays for, but also because the maple industry is one that is well worth fostering in this country.FARMERS FROM EMPIRE TO VISIT ENGLAND The recent visit of a number of people interested in Canadian farming and Canadian agriculture generally to England and the Continent to study at first hand marketing conditions, etc., has no doubt been followed in the daily press by many of our readers. 140 Ge JOURNAL AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE ISSUED MONTHLY BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC For rates of Advertisements, address THE CANADA PUBLISHING CO., Limited, 73, St.James St., - - Montreal NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS Subscribers and members of agricultural societies, of farmers\u2019 clubs and of the Provincial Dairymen\u2019s Association, who do not regularly receive either the English or the French Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture are requested to address their complaints to the Secretaries of their respective Societies, who will transmit them to the Secretary of the Council of Agriculture at Quebec.+-+-+-+ +++ + + 4-60 \u20ac +-+-0-+-+-0-+-+ ++ +_+-+_++-+-+-+-4+++ + + + +-+ + ++ + + + 44-40 0-44 P0000 0000000000 From what we have gathered, the visit has been a good thing, not only for those who made the trip, but also for those with whom they came in contact on the other side.An exchange of ideas was made.A still more ambitious project of this nature 1s now being arranged for the coming summer under the auspices of the British National Union, namely the bringing together in England of farmers from all parts of the Empire.The programme for the visit has already been prepared, and, at the request of the secretary of the B.N.U.we reprint the following resume of it from the columns of The Times of Feb.13 : \u201cCanada.South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand and smaller Dominions and Cotorges are sending representatives, and the total may be from 80 to 120.The various contingents are due to arrive, or assemble, in London on June 4, and all will be received on that day by the Prince of Wales at St.James's Palace.The first ten days are to be spent in London, when the programme will include, in addition to a reception by the King and Queen at Buckingham Palace, visits to the several markets, the Derby, Windsor, and the Port of London.This arrangement will enable the members of the party to get to know cach other so that they may be better able to confer and discuss things during the subsequent tours throughout the country.\u201cFor the provincial part of the tour the excellent plan of 1927, for the South African party, will be foilowed.The company will divide into four groups and, leaving London on June 14, they will take different routes into the country, Some of the details of the different programmes have still to be adjusted, and will be published later, but although it will be impossible for every member of the party to visit all districts, the choice is attractive and representative of the various interests comprised in the industry.The points touched in the routes include Cambridge, Norwich.Ipswich, Colchester, Reading, Salisbury, Nottingham (for the Royal Show), Leeds, Sheffield, Edinburgh, Aberdeen (for the Highland Show), Balmoral, Perth, Belfast, Dublin (for the Horse Showe, Liverpool, and back to London, where four or five days will be allowed the party in which to compare notes and experiences.\u201cIt may again be remarked that the primary objects of the tour are business and personal intercourse.lt is intended to provide the visitors with every opportunity for studying the home markets.The more they can sce of, and have explained to them, the different systems of farming the better, but the supreme ideas are markets and \u201cthe personal touch.\u201d These points are emphasized to make it known that the visitors place greater importance upon the utility side of their tour than upon extravagant entertainment.Former visitors have told us that, while they did not misunderstand, or fail to appreciate, generous hospitality, they would like to have seen more of the normal life and habits of their fellow-farmers at home.So far as may be practicable, it is intended that the welcome departure initiated last year will be continued and possibly extended next summer.In this connexion it may be repeated that the work of the British National Union\u2014evolved from the South Africa National Union\u2014 (237-238, Moorgate Station- chambers, E.C.2) is, like the older institution, managed on self-supporting principles, is nonpolitical, and non-profit-making.The Imperial idea runs through the whole proceedings, and it is in furtherance of Imperial relations and intercourse, business and social, that the visits planned have been conceived and are to be carried out.\u201cThe visit to this country this year is but the first of a series.It will be followed by a tour of Australia and New Zealand in 1926, of Canada in 1930, and of South Africa in 1931.\u201d On My Way UITE frequently mow {I journey Into the Q country, and were it that my setting out had in it no particular purpose and my journeying had for its object no definite destination, even then my going would not be void of pleasure.For I love the stretching land so wide and free, smothered though it lies in the trackless blanket of the winter snow.Empty, cold and desolate it may be, merciless in its callous unproductiveness, but in its sweeping waste triumphant over the will and inclinations of man\u2014untethered and defiant.I see in it the answer to the need I often feel in me\u2014to escape for little while at least, the greatness and the littleness of men, even to be free from myself.To enjoy it, it is not necessary that I possess even a tiny parcel of the ground, and he whose possession it is may not deny me the pleasure of which I speak.Besides, strange as it may seem, I can never concern myself unduly about possessions, though I belong to that careful race of men at whose expense many witty stories are told.So as I journey I look out upon the countryside through which my window passes and I see the hand of winter, heavy upon the land.There is almost dreariness in the stainless waste and hopelessness in the frozen fields.The humble farm homes, set too far apart to be companionable, are but tiny forlorn shelters in the great snow-white expanse.With fresh cut woodpiles near their doors they appear to be, with valour and determination, enduring the grip of ice and snow only because better days must come\u2014verily are at hand, Surely sturdy must be the frame and stout the heart of those continuing here amid the bareness of winter that they may till and toil in summer fields.Not until I arrive at a certain city of modest size.whose extent and importance scarcely hampers the openness of fields and hillsides in which it lies, do I realize how I have become accustomed to the life of a great metropolis.Like the grateful calm it is of a restoring night after a beleaguered day.As 1 make my way along the quiet streets of the friendly town I appreciate the restfulness of its uncrowded ways.Being eager to reach my objective I walk quickly with ease along the roomy sidewalks.There are tram cars but their frequency and numbers do not create a problem of long obstructing lines, but rather is the opposite true.They move on a leisurely schedule and are suited to people who need not hurry, rather than those who feel the desire to hasten.I am happy, for on the fringe of this town, just where the country begins, Danny and Paul with their mother still dwell and there await me.Conscious of the peaceful lull into which I have been transported, and about to be at home once more, my step is brisk and my spirits light.This arrangement of things which necessitates my absence from home is not suited to my desires, but on my \u2018way [I am planning, striving and hoping, as most mortals are, to better the scheme of things so as to make for the most happiness in living.Yet there does always seem to be one thing at least out of line and quite beyond my control to sight it.Some one said to me not long ago, \u201cYou can\u2019t have everything right, and if you wait until you do before you are happy, you'll never be happy\u201d.So though counting my blessings may not be the particular thing I feel like doing when some certain blessing I want very much is witheld from me, still it is no doubt the best way out.Doing without some thing I so much would have, ncl as a virtuous practice, but because I cannot help myself, may prove often times good for my body and THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE better for my soul.It may be, if properly used, the unwanted material out of which character is formed, and as character is the one imperishable thing that humans may build up, the requisites for the building should be all the more welcome.So spring comes once again to my waiting heart.My body was glad and comfortable as I walked today in the warmth of sun that never before was quite as warming at this time of year.Maple syrup at fifty cents a bottle in the grocery windows was, I think, the most impressive indication of the glad season and was an information perhaps to some reflecting minds, none too well informed, of what an easy and profitable living fell to those fortunate, farmer folk.Awkward puddles collected on the sunny sidewalk just where so many people wished to walk, and shiny new rubbers shod many of the passing feet.From the weeping earth fresh streams came forth and down the hillsides hurried, rippling and shimmering as they ran in the sunlight that gave them birth.The bonded earth was glad in the dawn of deliverance\u2014the reward of well kept faith, Somewhere, it would seem, from out the nothingness of space, a hand moved, and all the world was changed.Life that in some mysterious way had died, but had not ceased to live, was reviving into life again.Nature's fasting season was nearly at an end, and resurrection, not as told in old, old history pages, nor revealed through form or creed, was permeating even the atmosphere that I breathed.The miracle of conquering life was there before my unveiled eyes, sweeping me on in its convincing strength to deeper peace of belief, to lesser fears from doubt.Thus shall I follow the winding road that shapes itself before me, and wend my way onward.I shall hear the song of streams, the murmur of the leaves, and see the broad abuonding fields where\u2019er 1 be.I shall be refreshed with the cool of night that follows the heat of day, and, weary, I shall pause as pilgrims do at the wayside shrine, and my strength shall be renewed.H.H.Agricultural Advisory Committee Meet at Macdonald HAT very satisfactory progress, both in teaching and in research work, has been made during the past year by Macdonald College; that Macdonald is in a position to give a valuable technical service direct to the farmers of this province in the solution of problems that can only be attacked on the farms; and that the only thing now holding the College back from even greater possibilities of service is lack of funds\u2014these were some of the opinions expressed by the Advisory Committee on Agriculture at their meeting with the Faculty of Agriculture of McGill University held at aMcdonald College last month.This Advisory Committee, appointed three years ago by the McGill Board of Governors to help in framing courses in agriculture and in keeping research workers of Macdonald in touch with the needs of the rural districts of Quebec, is made up of some of the more outstanding farmers of the province, with F.E.M.Robinson, of Richmond Jerseys Inc., as Chairman and E.C.Budge of Montreal as Secretary, At this meeting, which was presided over by Sir Arthur Currie, Principal of McGill University, reports on the year\u2019s activities were made by Dean H.Barton and other members of his staff, The Dean\u2019s report showed the registration in the Faculty of Agriculture to be 153 as against 116 last year.Special mention was made of the Old Country boy project, a joint effort on the part of the C.P.R.and Macdonald College, which offers special opportunities to selected boys from the Old Country to secure the necessary training in agriculture and the necessary guidance in establishing farm enterprises of their own in Canada.Under this scheme 79 boys have already been brought out, of whom the larger proportion are still attending college.Some wastage in terms of farmers is expected, since most of the boys are young and farming is a new experience to them.Prospects are good, however, for the establishment of a goodly proportion of these on Canadian farms and the training they are receiving will be of value to all of them whether they follow farming or not.In extension work Macdonald has been able to do more as a result of a special grant made by the Quebec Department of Agriculture, and short course work at strategic points, club meetings, exhibitions, field demonstrations and so on have had the services of members of the staff.In research work the chief development has been in the direction of joint effort in attempting to solve some of the larger problems facing Quebec farmers, THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 141 INCUBATION AND BROODING By L.H.Bemont, Poultry Dept., Macdonald College.HE ability of a poultryman is automatically T measured by the number of matured chicks he can raise in proportion to the number of eggs set in the incubator.Large numbers of good strong chicks cannot be hatched and reared with poor equipment, nor can good equipment produce good chicks from eggs that are not of first class quality.The man who lacks either of these things is greatly handicapped at the start, so if he has had experience in this work he will put forth every effort possible to supply the two most important essentials for success.Probably the most important thing to look for in hatching eggs is high fertility.Naturally, the best quality egg produced is useless for incubation purposes if that egg is not fertile.Fertility in eggs is affected by many things.The size of mating, or the number of males to females, is probably the most important consideration, although the general management and care of the breeding flock can do much to increase or decrease the fertility of the eggs produced.Happy, contended, well housed, well fed, healthy birds will give good fertility provided a sufficient number of males are placed with the females two weeks before the eggs are saved for hatching.A vigourous Leghorn cockerel, when mated to fifteen to twenty females, will give excellent results but it is not advisable to ask a vigourous male of the heavier breeds to give the best results when the number of his females exceeds fifteen.A less vigourous, older or less active male bird will not be able to handle as many females as the young sturdy cockerel.If matings of this size give poor fertility, look to the management of the breeders, and I am confident you will find the cause.Females in their second year of production lay the best eggs for hatching and produce the best chicks.Hens that have been forced into high production during the fall and winter months seldom lay eggs that will give you good hatchability.The largest number of good strong chicks will come from hens that have rested for about two months before the incubation season and have come back into production gradually, just in time to have their eggs go into the machines.This schedule of laying may be controlled very nicely by feeding the breeders heavily on scratch grain from the middle of December to the latter part of January, when the amount of the scratch grain is cut down to twelve pounds per one hundred birds and the hens are compelled to eat mash to appease their appetities, When the last change is made, two percent by weight of Cod Liver Oil or five percent by weight of Cod Liver Meal should be added to the dry mash, green food in variety should be fed daily and good fresh water should be in front of the birds at all times.Experience has demonstrated that this method of management will give excellent results when the birds are in good dry houses.Fertile eggs of any shape, size or colour will usually hatch under correct conditions if all the necessary parts of the egg are there in proper proportion and the shell is not too thin or broken.We must remember, however, that the pullet that comes out of a small, mishaped, or poorly coloured egg will in all probability lay approximately the same kind of an egg.The market men are asking and are willing to pay a premium for a two ounce egg that is well shaped, sound in shell and of the standard colour for the breed that produced it.In order to realize the most from the sale of our eggs, then, we must put in our machines exactly the type of egg we want our pullets to lay during the coming winter.Too much emphasis cannot be placed on this point to-day.Our R.O.P.inspectors are complaining of small egg size throughout Canada, and this means that poultrymen are setting too many small eggs.Breeding up the size of egg in a flock is a slow process, and I believe that the careful selection and culling of our hatching eggs will give us immediate results.Large numbers of excellent hatching eggs are practically ruined every year by the lack of proper handling between the time the eggs are laid and the time they are placed in the incubator.During the cold weather, eggs should be gathered frequently.It pays to collect hatching eggs every hour on extremely cold days and every two hours under ordinary spring conditions.An egg does not have to freeze to kill or weaken the germ, and a weakened germ causes us more waste of time than a germ that we know is dead.If an egg is exposed to the cold for any length of time it should never be set.Hatching eggs should be set as soon after they are laid as possible.The germs in the eggs will be fairly strong until they are ten days of age; after that age they deteriorate very quickly, even under ideal conditions.When holding eggs for an incubator they should be stored in a cool, well ventilated cellar where the temperature will hold constantly between fifty and sixty degress Fahrenheit.They should be turned once daily to insure healthy germs at the end of the holding period.The purchaser or seller of hatching eggs should be sure that when the eggs are shipped they go by rapid transit and that they are packed very carefully.Broken eggs can be replaced after time is wasted but eggs that are chilled or badly shaken cannot be identified until they have been in the machine for a week or more and inconvenience in planning the hatch is caused.When eggs are shipped in cold weather they should be loosely wrapped in paper and then well packed in saw-dust, bran, excelsior or some such material.A shipment of hatching eggs should be conspicuously marked as such and shipping instructions should indicate that POULTRY AND FRUIT\u2014The orchard as a poultry run provides shade for the birds, a consideration on very hot days.they must not be put near a stove or in a cold draught.Probably the most important advantage artificial methods of incubation have over natural methods is that the operator can control and plan his hatches to suit his needs.With ordinary results in incubation he may plan on having one good vigour- ous, mature pullet go into his laying quarters in the fall for every five eggs set in the incubator.Artificial incubation insures early hatching, which is usually impossible to any great extent when using natural methods.It is better to have chicks of one or two ages rather than many small lots of varying ages, The average farmer hatches his chicks too late in the spring, and the pullets are, therefore, not mature enough to begin laying in the fall.A pullet that does not start to lay before cold weather sets in, will usually not begin until the middle of January or even later.The really profitable months of production for the pullet flock have gone, and the bird lays the greater part of her first year production when eggs are low in price.Chicks may also be hatched too early.Early hatched chicks are apt to commence laying too early and as a result will moult as soon as the cold weather comes and thus lose a large portion of their winter production.As a happy medium, plan ot have the first hatch of Plymouth Rocks and similar breeds come off about St.Patrick\u2019s Day and the last hatch by the first of May.For Leghorns and other purely egg breeds move these dates along about two weeks and you will find that your pullets will come into production about October fifteenth, which date we have found to be about ideal under careful management practices.I have made it a very important point that you have the very best of incubators.The kind of machine to use lies entirely with the individual.Purchase incubators that have a good reputation and are giving good results in your district under similar conditions to your own.The fuel reservoir should hold at least a thirty-six hour supply.The machine should not be affected by moderate changes In room temperatures.The same saying holds true in buying incubators and brooders as in purchasing poultry feeds.The actual cost is not measured by the price paid but rather by the quality of the results.Best results in incubation can be obtained if the machine is located in a place where the temperature holds steady day and night, where the air is naturally moist, where there is no vibration from walkin #, and where direct rays of the sun cannot strike the incubator.All of these conditions can usually be controlled in a basement or cellar, Should the air in the room be dry, sprinkle the floor with water or place pans of water under the machines.Every incubator company give a book of instructions with each machine they ship.These instructions are written up after experiments have been tried on their incubators and are the very best guides for the beginner to follow.Quite often it is found, after running the machine several times, that you can change the manufacturers\u2019 methods of operation under your own special conditions.Before making any changes be sure that they are going to mean better results, and if they are radical changes consult some more experienced poultryman before attempting them.Under ordinary conditions the people who manufacture the machine known more about incubation than the average poultryman.Start your incubator a few days before vo to fill it with eggs.This rule applies to orn you have operated before as well as to new incubators.Get the temperature up to one hundred and one degrees and so regulate the thermostatic control that you can maintain this heat by using a low flame on the lamp.It is easy to make any necessary adjustments after the eggs are put in provided the machine is running evenly this way from the first.When eggs are first placed in the egg chamber, the temperature will drop considerably but will gradually increase as the eggs become heated through, which will be completed in about twelve hours when the thermometer should register about one hundred and one degrees.All incubator thermometers should be tested each year.This is done by using a clinical thermoter or three or four incubator thermometers.Hold them In water that has been brought to a temperature of one hundred and three degrees Fahrenheit and keep the water moving constantly, Mark discre- 142 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Fig.1 C.F.P.Fig.2 pancies in any thermometer that does not register as it should and add or deduct enough when taking the reading during incubation to get the true temperature.The care of the lamp is of utmost importance.A fresh, new, hard wick should be placed in the burner at the start of each season.Make sure that there is enough wick to go through each hatch before trusting the eggs to the machine.The wick shouli be trimmed each morning.This consists of rubbing off the char that forms on the top of the wick.The best way to remove the char is to take the lamp out of the machine, set it on the top of the incubator, turn the wick up out of the channel about one- quarter of an inch and rub with a cloth, tissue paper, or your fingers, from the bottom of the wick channel to the top of the wick.This will clean the edge of the wick channel and lift off the char at the same time.The top of the wick should be even and flat with the no specks of char on the surface and no rough places.These last two conditions give pointed flame, and if they are not corrected will smoke badly, reduce the heat and in really bad cases, become fire hazards.The most satisfactory wick is flat on the top except at the corners where it is slightly rounded off.This type gives a good round flame without points at the ends and makes for the most economical use of fuel.Practice and care makes trimming the wick an easy task.Never cut the wick during a hatch because it is difficult to get a good flame for a few days after doing so.The wick should be trimmed and the oil reservoir filled three-quarters full in the morning after turning the eggs.Eggs should never come in contact with oil because they pick up odours very readily and the developing embryo would suffer accordingly.Start to count the twenty-one days of the incubation period the day after you put the eggs in the machine, If you set the eggs this afternoon they will not be warmed through until tomorrow morning, so count to-morrow as the first of the twenty-one days.Beginning on the third day, turn the eggs twice daily until the eighteenth day.This is necessary because the egg shells are porous and the moisture or water in the white of the egg evaporates more rapidly under incubation conditions.As the water evaporates the white becomes thicker and the yolk floats to the top of the egg.The blastoderm, or germ.that will develop into the chick, floats always on the top of the yolk.This is the living part of the egg and would soon become attached to the shell membrane if it were permitted to remain in one spot for any length of time.When the egg happened to move, the germ would be torn away from the membrane and a rupture of the tiny blood vessels that soon develop would take place and the embryo chick would bleed to death.Where the embryo has grown for eighteen days it moves of its own accord and turning of the eggs is no longer necessary.Infertile eggs or those containing dead germs are not as warm as live eggs, and, therefore, if they are permitted to stay in the machine they lower the temperature of every egg that rests against them.These eggs should be removed from the tray as soon as they can be identified for the above reason and also because they are useless and help to fill up the tray, making it very difficult to turn the eggs.The first test is usually made on the seventh day.At this time all eggs that appear to be like figures one and two should be removed.Figure number one shows what is known as a blood ring.This egg has been fertile and started to develop normaliy but due to some inherent defect or faulty incubator condition the little embryo has died and the egg should be discarded.Figure number two is an X-ray of an infertile egg that has been in an incubator for seven days.Eggs that look almost clear with a slightly visible solid dark mass in the centre should be removed at this time, Figure C.F.P.Fig.3 C.F.P.Fig.4 number three is an X-ray of a normally developing embryo on the seventh day.Notice the clearly defined blood vessels apparently floating in the white of the egg.This shows a healthy development and promises to become a good big chick in another two weeks.All eggs showing a clear strong network of blood vessels on the seventh day should be put back in the machine.Notice the proportionate size of the air-spaces as they appear at this stage of incubation.Just enough moisture has evaporated from the egg.The second test should be made after the thirteenth and before the nineteenth days.Figure number four shows an egg that has been in the machine eighteen days and is still alive and healthy, promising to start working its way out of the shell to-morrow or the next day, when the little chick will be in about the position of the chick shown in figure number five.Any eggs that do not look like figure number four should be removed at this time.The chicks that have died soon after the first test will not nearly fill the shell and can be found and identified quite easily.The other eggs that have died quite recently can be distinguished by the cloudy appearance of the egg white just under the air-space.Should you be doubtful about any egg, mark it and put it back with the good eggs ani give it a chance.Quite often if you hold the eggs quite still in front of the candling machine you will be able to see the chick move.Notice the size of the air-space in figure number four.This is as it should be on the eighteeth day.If there is no automatic turning device the easiest way to change the position of the egg is to remove the first few rows from the front of the tray shuffle the remaining eggs from the back to the front and fill in the spaces with those eggs that were removed from the front of the tray.In ordinary incubators the temperature recoi- mended is usually one hundred and one degrees Fahrenheit for the first week, one hundred and two degrees Fahrenheit for the second week, and one hundred and three degrees Fahrenheit for the third week.Some manufacturers and poultrymen advise us that we should have the temperature up to one hundred and three and a half degrees Fahrenheit at the actual hatching time but our experience has been that over-heating at this time must be guarded against.The best plan, however, is to follow the directions that come with the machine until you find that your results show the need of a change.Moisture is constantly being evaporated from the egg during incubation.A certain amount of evaporation is necessary, but too much will tend to give vou small chicks and too little will cause the chicks to be soft, stick to the shell before they can work their way out and make the first chicks to hatch dry off very slowly.Evaporation can be regulated by controlling the amount of air that passes through the egg chamber.If the size of the air-space within the eggs should be increasing too rapidly decrease the amount of ventilation, and should this space grow very slow increase the ventilation.Directions that come with each different make of machine vary greatly but the size of the air-space they are working for is quite similar in all machines, The figures shown here will demonstrate the correct size for the different stages of the incubation pericd.When you notice that the chicks are just beginning to break through the shells, it is time to close the door of the incubator and darken it by hanging paper over it.Leave it closed until the afternoon of the twenty-first day, when the egg shells should be removed and the chicks dropped down to the nursery tray in the bottom of the machine.They must remain in the incubator for at least twenty-four hours after the last chick is hatched, and this is your opportunity to gradually reduce the temperature to about one hundred de- C.F.P.Fig.5 grees Fahrenheit so that they will be hardened off and accustomed to the temperature of the brooder house.Should the chicks start to pant, the door of the incubator may be fastened open to allow a more rapid change of air in the incubator.Usually a very slight opening of the door will be sufficient.About the time you test your eggs the second time you should prepare the brooding quarters for the chicks.Examine the equipment to make sure it is in good condition.If you are using a coal stove colony brooder you should chop a supply of fine kindling wood so that in case of an emergency no time will be lost in starting a new fire.Every precaution should be taken to insure the comfort and well-being of the chicks.Most poultrymen will agree with me when I say that the kind of pullets you place in the laying quarters about five months from now and in fact, the success of your poultry enterprise for the next year is largely determined by the care, attention to details, and the management of your chicks for the next six weeks.Allow the fire to go out just once on a cold windy night or let the fire become too hot for just one night and you will have all your planning, labour and expense for practically nothing.Disinfect your brooding quarters thoroughly at this time.If possible put the brooder house on land that has never been used for poultry before or has been tilled at least once since chickens were allowed to run on it.Disease can be very easily transmitted to baby chicks, and when some forms once get a foothold it is almost impossible to eradicate it without the loss of large numbers of chicks, time and money.Put a circle of fine mesh wire around the hover of the stove about one foot from it on all sides.When the chicks are first put under the hover they should be confined closely to it until they have learned where to get warm and until they develop a more protective coat than they had when they were hatched.The third day this circle may be enlarged in all directions about one foot; then gradually increase it until the chicks have the entire run of the house.Make sure that there are no sharp corners formed by the house or feed bins, because chicks will crowd into these corners and trample each other or smother each other to death.Crowding is one of the greatest evils to be careful of in brooding.This habit is formed by too much heat driving the chicks to the furthest distance they can get from the stove, or else by too little to keep warm.The little chick is the very best automatic control that has ever been used for brooding.Let it become uncomfortable, hungry, thirsty, or frightened in any way and the loud chirping will immediately make you aware of the fact.When chicks chirp other than contentedly something is wrong and a look at them will soon tell you what to do to make them happy.The first requirement of baby chicks is warmth.When they begin to pip the shells in the incubator you should light the fire in the brooder stove and have the temperature running steadily at ninety- eight degrees Fahrenheit with the thermometer just under the edge of the hover and the bulb on a level with where the backs of the chicks will be when they are sleeping.When bringing the chicks from the incubators to the brooders carry them covered up.They can stand close quarters for a few minutes and if covered will not chill when they are out-of-doors.Put them directly under the hover and let them find their way out into the pen.They will only go as far from the source of heat as they can go comfortably and will soon learn where it is warm and where to go to get out of the heat.Do not feed the chicks until they are about sixty hours old.Nature supplies them with food material from the eggs to last about seventy-two hours and if fed before this supply is used up their digestion is impaired at the start.Their first feed should be THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE pearl grits in small amounts and all the milk to drink that they will take.The secrets of feeding baby chicks for good results are being studied carefully at the present time but there are a few simple rules that we can go by.Feed them the best chick ration that you can get.Feed them often and in small amounts for the first week or ten days.Keep them always hungry, thereby preventing gorging and digestive troubles from the start.Write to your nearest Agricultural College and 143 get their advice about a suitable ration and how to feed it.Wash drinking founts daily and keep a good drink before them at all times.Do not overfeed.REVENUE FROM THE YOUNG ORCHARD Address given by W.A.Maw before the Quebec Pomological HE orchardist who is developing an orchard has a period of years to wait for cash returns from the new trees, and even after the bear ng of fruit has commenced production is so low for a time that it does not meet the general expenses of management, Supplementary crops must be raised during the time intervening between planting the trees and profitable bearing age.There are numerous classes of produce to which the orchard:st can turn his attention and labour during the period of orchard development.Dairying, small fruit and vegetable culture, apiculture and poultry production are all possibilities.The production of poultry products, such as meat and eggs, offers an opportunity to produce a cash crop taking the m!ni- mum of attention during the orchardist\u2019s busy seasons and at the same time giving a fair prof.t over cost of production including labour, Naturally with poultry production as with any other production work, the producer must understand the economic factors influencing profits in the business.The ability to produce the product at a profit must be coupled with the business ability to sell the product to advantage, thereby realizing the maximum profit on the produce offered.Various factors in production work greatly influence the degree of profit one is to realize from such a cash crop as poultry.First of all, the decision of how to start with the least expense and work, yet have possibilities for a fair return on the necessary investment in equipment, stock and feed.Another very important factor to be remembered in this connection is the necessity of working capital to finance the production up to the period of first sales.Having the above two questions in mind, let us consider the possibilities for starting.When should the start be made ?This is dependent on the available cash on hand for this side-line product.on.If starting in the spring season with baby chicks with the intention of producing a flock, the necessary cash outlay is much less, firstly, because of less housing and equipment being necessary, and, secondly, the cost of the stock is much less, as your intention is to provide your own labour in rearing the stock, thereby realizing the profits which another breeder would expect if selling mature stock to you.The modern systems of handling baby chicks are such as to make it possible to handle a fairly large number with very little continual attention, over a period of time, at any time of day.The necessary Poultry As A Cash Crop attention to the brooder stoves is given morning and night.The watering and feeding can be looked after at the same time with an extra visit at the noon hour to refill the drinking founts and feed hoppers.Provide comfort and a proper complete ration and the chicks will look after themselves, The time to start with baby chicks is a very important factor if the maximum returns are to be made out of sales of male stock as meat, and out of eggs during the fall months, The cockerels should be disposed of as broilers.The broiler market opens during late May and June with the highest prices of the year for quality stock.In order to cater to the early market, the chicks must be March or early April hatched stock.The broiler should be from ten to twelve weeks of age in order to we.gh from one and a half to two and a half pounds.The heavy broiler is in greatest demand.There is a difference between the light and heavy breeds as broilers chiefly with regard to rate of maturity.This factor allows for the handling of two classes of stock on a plant giving the added opportunity of having a late hatch of chicks (about May 1st.In White Leghorn stock) and still have the pullets from that hatch come into maturity for profitable fall egg production.The early hatched stock should be a general purpose type such as the Barred Plymouth Rock.The Rock produces a good broiler and also makes an exceptionally good fall laying pullet (if bred right for production).If a number of hatches of chicks are wanted, it would be wise to have them come about two weeks apart, starting about March 15th.with the Rocks and starting the Leghorns April 15th, Early Leghorns pay well as broilers (especially if the stock is large in size) and fall layers, but as a rule go into a partial body and neck moult during late November and December.Such a check in production affects the winter egg profits.When considering a side line cash business it is wise to avoid the fall and early winter check in egg production.If one chose to start poultry keeping in the fall season making egg production the feature for cash returns the necessity of paying out a much larger cash investment might curtail the possibilities of making the best use of available labour in the work through not being able to secure sufficient stock.It is cheaper to raise the pullets than to buy them already developed or even at the eight or ten week stage.POULTRY AND FRUIT\u2014The combination of poultry with fruit is a particularly happy one in the case of the man who has just set out a young orchard.Farm his hens he receives returns during the years he must wait before his trees come into profitable bearing.Society.EQUIPMENT NECESSARY FOR BROODING The brooding of the chicks should be done in moveable colony houses 10ft.by 12ft.in size, each having a coal burning brooder stove to accommodate approximately three hundred chicks.The chicks should be of one age only as chicks of varying ages will not do well under the one hover and especially so at the beginning.The number of houses and brooders is, therefore, dependent on the number of hatches of chicks to be handled.The colony houses will accommodate their brood for about eight weeks at which time the sexes should be separated.It is advisable to dispose of the cockerels as broilers.The cockerels are, therefore, fed under separate conditions to force body and flesh development and disposed of as soon as ready for market.At ten weeks of age it is advisable to feed under confined conditions in order to put on a finish.Crate feeding is to be recommended if quality produce is to be the aim.Such small equipment as feed hoppers and drinking founts and troughs are also necessary but same represent but a small cash investment.The main point in mind with such feeding equipment is to have sufficient for proper feeding conditions, METHOD OF FEEDING CHICKS The method of feeding the chicks with the least trouble and still get good results is by what is known as the \u201call mash method\u201d.Chicks during the early stages of development do as well on this method of feeding as where grain and mash are both fed.It also means much less work.The one essential is to make sure that the hoppers are carrying sufficient food at all times.After the chicks have passed the ten weeks old stage mixed grain can also be fed but all feeding done is by the hopper system.This system of feeding saves considerable time as the hoppers can be of a size to hold a week\u2019s grain supply.Watering can be done automatically by a pipe system if the water supply is available.Otherwise the watering should be done once daily on the range and twice daily when the chicks are small and confined to the use of small founts for drinking purposes, On range conditions large troughs can be used to allow a large supply of water and also plenty of drinking space.POSSIBILITIES IN EGG PRODUCTION AS A CASH CROP Egg production is a profitable phase of poultry production, provided the stock on hand is in the proper condition to come into laying during the early fall season in order to realize on the normal high egg prices which are due to the natural low egg production generally at this season.Unless the pullet flock is in shape to lay through the fall and early winter seasons, it is not possible to realize similar profits during the balance of the year.In Jrder to get egg production during the fall season the pullets should be hatched early enough to mature normally in body size.The immature bodied pullet even if sexually mature cannot be expected to lay pers.stently throughout the winter season.Since there is a difference in the rate of maturity between the light and general purpose types of fowl in coming into laying, it is possible to have part of the flock as light and part as general purpose stock each hatched at different t'mes and coming into laying at the same time.Generally speaking it takes the Rocks approximately one month longer to mature.The dates of hatching to take advantage of the early broiler meat market pr.ces and the fall egg market prices coine:de, The general purpose type, such as the Barred Rocks, snould be hatched from March 15th.to April 15th., and the Leghorns from April 1st.to May 1st.approximate'y, Another factor in egg production to be remembered is that it is not necessary to carry the laying stock over the summer season to realize {ha greatest profits.In fact, if the laying flock is not thoroughly culled in the early spring to rid the flock of the poor layers, part of the profit will be lost through feeding the poor stock.Only the best layers should be kept during the summer months. 144 STOCK RANGING EFFECT ON ORCHARD Provided too much stock is not ranged on a given piece of orchard, no harm to trees should be seen.When the number of stock is such that all cover crop forage is removed naturally the trees will show the result of soil baking and the loss of moisture.The stock needs a large amount of green food, which makes it necessary to control the amount of stock on the land and at the same time provide a crop which will stand close cropping and grow persistently.Sod conditions are better than cultivated conditions in an orchard as the stock very seldom keep ahead of a growth of mixed grasses and alfalfa or a similar mixture, Fall rye sown in the spring has also been found to be able to withstand THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE the close cropping and persist in tillering through- ou the summer season.Side line production must be thoroughly understood if is to be made profitable and still maintain its proper place in the major enterprise.Plan the procedure carefully and then use only the most up- to-date methods to economize in expense and labour to realize the maximum profits.Nutrition ot Poultry By C.D.Fogerty, Extension Poultry Husbandman, Macdonald College- ROM the standpoint of Nature, feed is provided for all animals, poultry included, that they may live in order to reproduce and so perpetuate the race.Man feeds himself that he may live, but he feeds his domestic animals either to change food that he cannot consume to some form that is available for humans or to produce a product that will bring him greater money returns in the market.Looking at the question as poultrymen, we find that a bird uses the food we give it for four different purposes, namely, growth, maintenance, reproduction and fattening, During growth a bird is building up the various tissues that form the body, and there is a big demand for material to form bones and muscle.In other words, the primary demand is for minerals for bones, and proteins for muscles and the various internal organs whereby the animal body functions.At the same time the young birds are very active picking up food, chasing bugs, fighting and enjoying life generally, and to supply energy for all this activity carbohydrates, or starchy foods, are necessary.Like any healthy young animal, all that a chicken asks for successful growth is certain foods and plenty of them and a comfortable place to eat and sleep.When an animal has completed its growth, there is a continual demand for food to replace the parts of the body that are being worn out and discarded.This does not mean that complete organs or parts are thrown off from the body, but that there is a continual wearing away of the various tissues, and this wear must be replaced.This maintenance demand does not call for minerals as much as growth does, but a considerable amount of mineral matter is used and there is a demand for proteins and carbohydrates.In a mature hen that is laying fifty percent, fifty-seven percent of the food utilized goes towards maintaining the body in a normal condition while the remainder is used to produce eggs.This brings us to the third use of food made by the hen, that of reproduction.The egg calls for a large supply of minerals: the shell contains a high percent of calcium, and other minerals are also necessary.The white of the egg is largely water and protein, and protein is also included in the composition of the yolk.The yolk also contains fat and those elusive substances called vitamins, concerning which so much is written and so little known although scientists are lifting the veil of secrecy to a certain extent.Finally, when a bird has grown and matured, reproduced itself and is still maintaining itself in a healthy condition, any feed, beyond this maintenance demand, that is digested is stored up as fat.Fat \u2018is formed principally from other fats and from carbohydrates.While talking of the various uses that a bird makes of the food digested, we have been using terms such as mineral, protein, carbohydrate and vitamin.Together with water these are the building stones with which all foods that are useful to the body are built up.Water is essential for life.An egg is sixty-five percent water, while the body of a mature fowl is fifty-five percent water.From these figures it is easy to see why so much stress is laid upon the necessity of having a continual supply of clean, fresh water before hens at all times.The mineral mentioned when discussing feed is the part that is made up of such substances as calcium, phosphorus, iron magnesium and sodium.These are practically always found in the\u2018animal body combined with other substances.While some minerals are found in the animal body in extremely small quantities they are, nevertheless, essential for the continuation of life.The grit that a fowl eats should not be considered as a source of minerals unless it is of some limestone formation that can be dissolved in the stomach of the bird.The grit serves to help the gizzard to grind the food.There is considerable variation in the amount of grit that individual birds need and the frequency of the periods when it must be fed.A considerable amount of grit has been found in the gizzards of hens which had had no grit fed to them for a number of months.In order to be certain that all the birds in a flock are getting all the grit that they require this material should be before them all the time where they can help themselves, The best examples of protein that we have are lean meat and the white of eggs, Proteins are built up from a class of substances called amino acids, and in order to build up the proteins needed by its body a bird must be fed a feed containing the necessary amino acids.Amino acids may be thought of as building stones that can be put together in a large number of combinations, each combination representing a protein.Since the lean meat of her Ohickens being raised under ideal conditions in the orchard at Macdonald College.muscles and the whites of her eggs are largely protein, it can easily be seen why a hen must be fed these substances.Fats are known wherever seen, and carbohydrates are starchy foods such as kernels of corn, oats and wheat with the hulls removed.These food products furnish energy to keep the bird active and fat to store on her body for use at some future time.Having made this brief examination of the food materials that a laying hen needs in order to mature and function properly, and the parts of the body that utilize the various foods, let us see where these can be obtained.The first business of the poultryman is to make as good a living as possible, and since the feed bill is one of the largest items on the cost side of the ledger, these foods must be obtained as cheaply as possible.The cheapest, and easiest, nutrient- to obtain, aside from water, is the carbohydrate, since this is furnished in abundance in the ordinary grains such as corn, wheat, oats, buckwheat and barley.From this carbohydrate the bird gains the energy that it needs, and also, by means of complicated chemical and physical processes within the body, builds up fat from it.The differences in the various sources of carbohydrates are due more to the parts that are not assimilated by the body than to those that are.Thus light oats have a high percentage of fiber, due to the large hull, and this fiber is indigestible by the hen, making it impossible to use a feed mixture with too high a percentage of such oats.Usually about a fifth or sixth of the scratch grain consists of whole oats, while the mash contains about the same amount of ground oats.Buckwheat should not be fed in amounts to exceed ten percent of the ration the ration, in this case, meaning the scratch and mash, Because of its heavy hull, buckwheat increases the fiber content of the ration, Corn and wheat are considered two of the best feeds for poultry and are fed in large quantities.While the grains furnish carbohydrates, they are deficient in protein, minerals, and some of the vitamins.For this reason there are various protein supplements, some of animal and some of vegetable origin, that are used to supply this very necessary ingredient.The most common source of protein is meat scrap, or beef scrap, as it is usually called, although fish scrap is replacing it in some districts where it can be obtained more cheaply.Beef scrap should be bought on a guaranteed analysis with a protein content of from fifty-five to sixty percent, the variation usually being due to the amount of bone that is included in the scrap.It has been stated that the eggs are tainted when fish scrap is fed, but investigation has proved this to be untrue where a good grade of fish scrap is used.Milk is a very good source of protein and at the same time seems to furnish something else that helps to keep the birds in good physical condition.This is probably the lactic acid that the milk contains.It is fed either as the liquid skimmilk or buttermilk, or in a condensed or dried form.The latter two forms are more universally fed since in many localities they are easier to obtain than the liquid skimmilk or buttermilk.Sour milk in some form is almost essential for the commercial growing of young chicks to-day.In experiments at the Pennsylvania State College and on Dominion Experimental Farms comparing the various sources of protein for egg production, milk was found to be better than beef scrap.At Pennsylvania a combination of beef scrap and either condensed or dried buttermilk gave higher returns than either meat scrap or a milk product when used alone as a source of protein.Using milk in a ration increases the feed cost, but the higher egg production resulting from its use more than returns this extra cost.At the same time, the Pennsylvania experiments seem to prove that the birds maintain both body weight and size of egg better when milk is included in their ration than when it is not.Of recent years many poultry investigators have been interested in the mineral demands of the hen\u2019s body.Only a small part of the bird\u2019s body is com- THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE THE FARMER A MANUFACTURER CARBOHYDRATES Grain Mill feeds aD TO A IN 4 GCOD HEN GOOD HOUSE EGGS PROFITS PROTE INS Milk Beef scrap Fish scrap MINERALS Oyster shell SZ __\u2014 ) 7 | VITAMINS Sunlight J Cod liver oil Green feed WATER HOW A GOOD KANAGER Manufactures Eggs posed of minerals, yet this small amount is very important.Since the amount of each mineral used in the body is small, the food that the bird ordinarily obtains will meet the mineral demand except in the case of calcium, or lime, and phosphorus for the laying hen and the growing chick.Since calcium compounds compose about ninety-six percent of an egg shell, it is easy to see why a laying hen may not get enough lime in her daily ration.The bones of a chick are increasing in size rapidly and demand a comparatively large amount of calcium and phosphorus, which is not supplied in an ordinary grain ration.The usual and easiest way to supply a laying hen with lime is to leave a supply of crushed oyster shell before her where she can help herself at any time.Lime and phosphorus are supplied to the chicks by mixing finely-crushed oyster shell and bone meal in their feed.Another mineral that should be supplied to poultry is salt.This material is needed in the blood and stomach.While a small amount of salt is necessary, a large amount is poisonous to chickens.Fowls can withstand up to eight percent of salt in their food without fatal results, but one percent in the mash is all that they need.As well as furnishing material to the body, salt makes the feed more palatable in some cases.Finally, the question of vitamins in poultry feeding must be considered.The discovery of the existence of vitamins, although it is doubtful what they are, has made it possible to raise chicks under conditions that at one time would have permitted only failure.This discovery has also made it possible to keep the laying hens in better condition and at the same time help them to lay eggs the germs of which are stronger, thus giving higher hatchability of the eggs and greater livability of the chicks after hatching, Up to the present time five vitamins have been determined.They have been named vitamins A, B, C, D, and E.Vitamins C and E do not attract as much attention among poultrymen as the other three, since the lack of C does not affect poultry and E is evidently supplied in sufficient quantities in all the grains ordinarily fed.Lack of A results in failure to grow, sore eyes and often cheesy growths in the nostrils and mouth.Lack of B results in nerve disorders, and lack of D brings on leg weakness.There are a number of sources of vitamin A that are available to poultrymen.Certain of the grains, such as yellow corn, carry this valuable substance.The edible parts of such vegetables as lettuce and cabbage contain it, as do yellow and red carrots and cod liver oil.Some people have the impression that mangels and sugar beets also carry vitamin A.This is a mistake, for, while mangels are a good succulent feed and thus help digestion, they are of no value as a source of vitamin A, The outer coats of wheat and corn carry vitamin B.Any ration that contains a certain amount of wheat bran and middlings and corn, either whole or ground, will satisfy the needs of the hen for vitamin B.There has been considerable propaganda carried on urging the feeding of yeast as a source of vitamin B.While yeast does contain this food factor in large quantities it has not been demonstrated that any of the other vitamins are present in any quantity, and the high cost of the yeast more than offsets any benefit that the poultry derives from the extra supply of vitamin B, Of more interest to the poultryman than any of the others is vitamin D, It is lack of this that causes early hatched chicks to lose the use of their From Fecd.legs and go down entirely or hobble around on their wings and hocks.The original source of the beneficial part of vitamin D is the ultra-violet rays of the sunlight, rays that are invisible to the human eye when ordinary white light is broken up into the various colors of the spectrum as we see them in a rainbow.The beneficial part of these rays may be absorbed by an animal directly from sunlight or they may be stored in certain foods that the animal eats and thus reach the system indirectly.Ultra violet rays may be produced artificially by a special type of electric lamp, but at the present time these lamps are so expensive that their use is out of the question for the average poultryman.The two foods that are the most important sources of vitamin D are egg yolks and cod liver oil, although many other fish oils and green vegetables also contain this substance.There is a variation in the vitamin content of various samples of cod liver oil that may be due to differences in the fish from which the livers were taken, or to the processes to which the livers were subjected when extracting the oil.Variations in the vitamin D content of egg yolks are known to be due to variations in the amount of sunlight that reached the hen before laying the egg, or variation of the amount of this food factor that was in her ration.The following diagram shows the direct and indirect paths that vitamin D takes in passing from light to an animal body.sun u'tra violet lights DS artificial source D egg yolks NN storage sorbifolia, formerly called «, Spiraea sorbifolia) should be I (FE pruned after the same method VS of pruning (heading back).iW British Columbia Bulbs of Excellent Quality ITHERTO the world\u2019s bulb 8 market has been controlled by a few European countries, but now, according to the Superintendent of the Sidney, B.C., Experimental Station, this European supremacy in the bulb market is being threatened by the appearance of diseases difficult to control.In fact, of 7,000,000 bulbs shipped from Europe to Canada last year, a third were rejected on account of disease.Research work at the Sidney Station has proved conclusively that Vancouver Island can produce healthier bulbs of better quality than any of the European products.\u201cThe best time to hold on is when you reach the point where whether or not watering should Figure 3.Methods of pruning.A and B show the effects of thinning out; C and D of heading back.the average man would quit.\u201d 150 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE \u201cSWAT\u201d THE FLY AND KEEP WELL By W.E.Whitehead, Dept.of Entomology, Macdonald College.LTHOUGH an insect of the greatest economic A importance, there is probably less heard about the house fly than about any other insect of equal importance.This may be due to the fact that it is difficult to estimate the damage caused by this pest in dollars and cents.The agriculturist suffers just as much discomfort from this fly as his cousin in the city, and, although his crops are not destroyed, he and his family are nevertheless taking a chance of contracting some dread disease, when they allow their home to be overrun by the house fly.The prevalence of house flies in some homes would almost indicate that they are part of the family, as no notice whatever is taken of them when they alight on the food, and yet, as interesting as they may be to watch, it is possible that but a few minutes before their entrance into the house, they may have been feeding upon the discharge of a patient carrying some contagious disease.The tolerance of the house fly is undoubtedly due, in a large measure, to the lack of publicity which has becn given to this problem, as it is only by educating the people to realize the dangers attending the presence of flies, that their numbers can be appreciably reduced.Co-operation is essential, as success can only be attained where all members of the community are willing to work together.Relation of the House Fly to Disease The house fly's body is particularly well adapted for the purpose of carrying disease germs.The bottoms of its feet are in the form of two soft pads which are covered with minute hairs.In addition to these, the legs are thickly covered with bristly hairs, in fact, the entire body in a greater or less degree bears hairs, so that when the fly alights upon some filth in which it may be breeding, many of the germs readily adhere to its body and may in this way be carried to human food, causing its contamination.Germs are not only carried In this way, but also in the alimentary canal of the insect.These may either be passed in the excreta, or in yellowish, regurgitated drops which the insect is in the habit of leaving behind it wherever it goes.When we consider that flies feed upon practically anything, from the most loathsome filth to the food upon our tables, it can readily be understood why they are charged with being carriers of such diseases as typhoid, tuberculosis, dysentary.enteritis, cte., besides being carriers of the eggs of certain parasitic worms.Not only in cities does contamination take place, but also in farm houses in small communities, for although the flics usually remain in the vicinity of their breeding places, they have been known to travel considerable distances, especially when there is a scarcity of food.These facts alone should be sufficient to emphasize the necessity uns importance of house fly control.Relatives of the House Fly By no means are all the flies found in houses the perics on which this article is based, although some others very clo-ely resemble it.Probably the species aot Droqueatly mistak n for the house fly is the sg stable fly, but although alike in superficial ~nnee the stable fly's mouth parts are design- i percing the flesh and it is the so-called fly \u201chites rually on warm, muggy days pre- ding rain The mouth parts of the house fly are aeapable of piercing.They consist of a short stout beak, at the end of which are two fleshy lobes, the insides of which are ri\u2019ged and it is these with the aid of saliva that break up solid substances which are then sucked into the body.Another species frequently found in houses is the cluster fly.especially in the late fall and sometimes throughout th: winter.The insect, however, can readily be distinzuished from the house fly, owing to its larger size, the fact that its body is covered vith numerous.minute yellow hairs, and that the wines when the insect is at rest.overlap on the back.It has the habit of collecting round window frames.and is usually somewhat sluggish in its movements.In addition to these are a few others of less importance, but of all species combined, the house fly is by far the most numerous, and it can be identified by being of medium size and having four black stripes on the back.Life History Habits The most usual place for the deposition of eggs is in horse manure, but it is also known to breed in the excrement of humans, hogs, poultry, and to a less extent cattle.Other breeding places are in the refuse one sometimes sees thrown from the door, in garbage and in dumping grounds, in fact in almost all decaying vegetable and animal matter if more suitable locations are lacking.Provided temperature and other conditions are suitable, the adult begins laying within a few days after emergence and lays usually two, but sometimes four, batches consisting of about 125 eggs.These hatch in a day or so, sometimes very much less, and the resulting headless, legless, wriggling maggots attain full growth in from four to seven days, except under adverse conditions when the stage may be greatly prolonged.When the maggots are full-grown, they migrate to the edges of the manure or whatever they may be feeding on, and transform to pgpae, which are about the size of a wheat kernel and of a dark brown colour.The insect remaing in this stage from three days to one week during the most favourable part of the year, and then the adults emerge, shortly after which they are ready to begin another life cycle, 1 p 0) The fly has been known to pass its entire life cycle in eight days, but this would be under exceptionally suitable conditions, Supposing a cycle were completed every fortnight during the summer months, it can readily be figured out what would be he approximate number of descendants from a single pair of flies at the beginning of the season.Even allowing for a substantial natural mortality, it will be seen that the number reaches a staggering total, which is illustrated practically every year by the great increase in the fly population towards the end of the summer.Eliminating the Source of Supply The prevalence of flies just referred to can, to a very large extent, be prevented with but very little extra cost and labour.Repression must begin at the insects\u2019 breeding grounds, and a great deal can be done by combined, well-directed effort.Isolated attempts at control, especially in the larger communities, are of no use, but anti-fly campaigns should be supported by the entire community and, in the case of cities, be directed by health officers.Instead of broadcasting garbage from the house from the back doorstep into the yard, within a few feet of the door, and inviting flies to congregate, breed there, and be in a stragetic position to enter | } LH VILUTH® the house as soon as the door is opened, it should be placed in covered garbage pails and these should be emptied before decay sets in.Open privies should not be tolerated, or where this occurs, they may be treated with chemicals to repel the flies from such places, As has already been stated, the house fly\u2019s chief breeding place is in horse manure, and there are several methods which may be adopted for either eliminating or lessening this source of supply.In cities it is suggested that manure should be removed at least twice a week, but to the farmer, whose busiest season is fly season, such a suggestion is out of the question; he may, however, treat the manure pile with certain chemicals.Hellebore is said to have given good results when used by dissolving one half pound of powder in ten gallons of water, allowing to stand for twenty four hours and sprinkling this amount over ten cubic feet of manure.Powdered borax also gives good results, but it is not recommended for the treatment of manure, since it later has injurious effects upon growing plants.It may, however, be used to advantage in privies, or on decaying material which is not to be used as a fertilizer.Calcium cyanide and acid phosphate, one half pound of each mixed together, sprinkled over the surface and then damped down with water, is said to have considerable larvicidal properties, at the same time adding nitrogen and phosphorus to the manure.Where manure can be hauled and spread thinly on the field every day, it becomes dried out and unsuitable for the development of flies.A method used in England is to build the manure into compact piles, driving the loads over the top and making the sides as compact and vertical as possible.The resulting high temperature makes this an unsuitable breeding ground for flies.There are a number of other remedies suggested, such as fly traps, manure bins, pits, ete., but those already mentioned are inexpensive and if used conscientiously will give good results.Screening This well-known method of preventing flies from gaining access to a house is most effective if carefully done and decaying screens renewed when necessary, as it is surprising how quickly flies will find their way through a screen that is beginning to rust into holes.All food should be screened unless kept in a refrigerator, for although screening does not decrease the fly population, it protects food from the danger of contamination.y RES \u201cWw Dealing with Flies in Houses Nia \\ Sticky papers are widely used and y are effective too, until one places an NN elbow on them.Possibly strings are better, as they can be hung up out of the way.In addition to the various proprietary sprays and pads used in fly control, a very useful and effective poison may be made at home by mixing with one pint of milk, or one half pint of milk and the same amount of water, one dessertspoonful of formaldehyde and a little sugar.This is best poured in shallow plates, in the centre of which a crust of bread is placed on which the flies may alight.It kills quite rapidly and the {lies may then be swept up.No other food should be available if the best results are to be obtained.Conclusion Whatever method of prevention or control is adopted, it should be thorough, and the co-operation of neighbours should be solicited, as half measures are useless if any degree of success is to be attained.First of all, see to the sanitary disposal of all garbage, and destroy all miscellaneous breeding places.Secondly attack the chief breeding places, either by frequent removals, or by treatment with some chemical substance.Thirdly, screen windows and doors and so protect food from contamination by flies, THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 151 Fourthly, \u201cswat\u201d the first flies that enter houses laid a batch of eggs but it will prevent them from measures are adopted, the fly population will be in the spring, or have poison or sticky papers ready as soon as they appear.These may have already laying any more.If some of the foregoing control and preventive greatly decreased, and the danger to human health will be lessened.GRAY DAYS MAY BRING GAY DAYS By Miss Jeanette Babb, Household Science Department, Macdonald College.OST people are beginning to plan their gardens at this time of the year.Bacon says \u201cGod Almighty first planted a garden, and indeed it is the purest of human pleasures.\u201d Every woman needs a hobby and needs to ride it good and hard, There is no better hobby than gardening.In order to have plenty of time for this hobby let us begin our housecleaning early, This advice, however, depends on where we begin.As this is the season for moths, let us on one of the gray days begin at the attic and check over all our summer wardrobe and gradually replace our woollen things by summer ones.Any wool blankets that can be put away may be washed.To wash woollens we find that in order to prevent them from becoming matted and shrunken it is best to wash them in water not much more, if any, than blood heat with sufficient mild melted soap to make fairly good suds.See that the water is kept at the same temperature throughout the whole process, then hang them over the line dripping wet, in the breeze to dry.Keep turning them as they dry.When almost dry, brush them against the nap with a medium stiff hair brush or a regular wool brush.When thoroughly aired fold up, placing moth balls or some other moth repellant in each fold; tie up in several thicknesses of newspaper.You may either overlap the paper or paste the edges together to prevent the entrance of moths and label the parcel.Moths dislike Printer\u2019s ink hence the newspaper.Comforters that are too warm for summer use may be put over the clothes-line, thoroughly sunned and aired or have them dry-cleaned then treated in the same manner as the blankets.Leave no wool, silk, feathers or furs to harbor moths.If they are not useful, get rid of them, if useful, take care of them, Coats and dresses should be dry cleaned or cleaned and pressed at home before putting away.Moths, as well ag humans, like sugar or food, and spots on clothing are an attraction.When clean put then away as blankets, or place with some moth repellant in moth proof bags and seal up.If you have any woollens, etc., not in use be sure to sun and air them well, re-wrap and put fresh moth repellants around them for another season.Leave no chance for the lurking moth.Let us take another gray day and begin at the clothes closet.Remove all the clothing, etc., take an inventory of the necessary things to be replaced next fall, and if the budget will permit, buy them now at reduced prices, taking all precautions in their care.It may be some of the garments can be made over.Rip them up, overcast the edges, wash carefully and press without stretching with the warp threads.You have all spring, summer and the early fall to look for remnants or other materials with which to combine them for a new garment.\u201cA bird in the hand is worth two in the bush\u201d, Cleaning and pressing woollen dresses and skirts.1.Shake the garment free from dust.2.Spread on a flat surface and brush thoroughly.3.Have a properly padded ironing-board, until there is a layer of padding about one inch in thickness.A pressing cloth of the right thickness for the garment being pressed and two pads for pressing.The heavier the material is the more steam and the hotter the iron needed.4.Sponge with a cloth to match the material or duck or drill for heavy wool materials or brush with a small brush all the very bad spots first :\u2014 (A) Dark colors\u2014as navy serges etc, with a good detergent or a warm infusion of black tea.(B) Loose colored materials use soapbark.(C) Light Colors\u2014Mild soapsuds to which a little Ammonia has been added.Then sponge the whole garment with clear water or with clear water and ammonia (6%) in the proportion of 1 tbsp.to 1 quart of water.Be sure that all traces of the soap are removed.5.If there are any shiny spots they may be rubbed against the nap while damp with \u201c00\u201d sandpaper or sponged with deep blue water, In brushing satin or broadcloth be sure that you do not brush against the nap.Pressing 1.Plaited skirts should have the plaits basted in after cleaning.2.If the garment is quite damp press it over a dry cloth.If not very damp, wring the cloth out of clear tepid water until quite dry and press with a hot iron over the cloth until the garment is dry.Keep the iron in motion, in order not to get a sharp and sometimes deep crease where the edge of the iron comes, Always press on the wrong side of the material and always with the grain of the goods.If absolutely necessary to iron on the right side, first place a dry cloth and then a damp one over the place to be pressed.Then just pat the cloth with the iron, being careful not to make a shiny place.3.In doing a one-piece dress press the sleeves first, then the waist, particularly the shoulders.4.Hang garment in a warm room until thoroughly dry.Expensive furs are better stored.The price of storage is nominal in comparison with the expense and worry over home storage.However, these may be thoroughly brushed with a stiff brush then wiped off carefully with a soft cloth, wrung out of tepid water and ammonia, put on the line to be aired, and sunned, then hung in a cool storage room which gets a certain amount of sunshine every day.The fur should not be hung in the sun, however.They may be placed in moth-proof bags if desired.Occasionally put them on the clothes line, or hang out of doors to be aired and sunned during the summer season.The closet must be thoroughly cleaned with hot soapy water, beginning at the ceiling and going to the floor.The hotter the water the better, and use a strong laundry soap for cleaning.Leave the door open to thoroughly dry and air it.Begin the work early in the day and when it is dry spray thoroughly with turpentine, benzine or carbon bisulphide or some good eommercial Moth Exterminator.Be sure that every crack in the floor, all around the shelves, wainscotting, ete., are thoroughly soaked.All three of these substances are inflammable, turpentine\u2014the least dangerous of the three.If care is used not to light a match or bring a lamp or any other heat near it, and the windows and doors are open while working with them, one need not worry.Carbon bisulphide, as well as being inflammable, is poison so greater precautions need to SUPPER Baked Macedoine 3 carrots 11% cups milk 4 stalks celery 3 tablespoons butter 3 potatoes 3 tablespoons flour 1 onion 14 cup water Wash and pare the vegetables, and slice them in uniform pieces.Arrange them in layers in a greased baking dish.Add the seasonings and water and bake until the vegetables are nearly tender.Melt the butter in a sauce pan, stir in the flour, add the milk and stir until thickened; season well, and pour this hot sauce over the vegetables.Return the whole to the oven and bake until browned.Potatoes on the Half Shell Select medium sized potatoes, wash them thoroughly, and bake in a hot oven until tender.Split them in halves lengthwise, scoop out the pulp and mash it.To six potatoes add % cup milk or cream, 1 teaspoon salt, 1% teaspoon pepper, and 2 tablespoons butter.Beat thoroughly, and refill the shells with the mixture.Lay a slice of bacon on top of each and replace in the oven until the bacon is crisp.salt and pepper Vegetable Scallop Season mashed dry turnips with butter, salt, pepper, and sugar; arrange alternate layers of turnip and grated Canadian cheese in a buttered baking dish, having the tcp layer cheese.Place in a hot oven until the cheese melts and the scallop is heated through.Corn Chowder 2-inch cube fat salt pork 1 small onion 1 quart potatoes cut in 14 inch slices 2 cups water 1 cah corn 1 quart milk 3 tablespoons butter 3 tablespoons flour salt and pepper Cut the pork in small pieces and try out, add the sliced onion and cook until yellow in color.Strain the fat into a sauce pan, Add the potato and 2 cups of boiling water, and cook until the potatoes are tender.Thicken the hot milk with the flour and add to the potatoes; add the corn and season well.Serve garnished with crackers.be taken in its use.Nevertheless it will kill moths.If using Carbon bisulphide first plug up the keyhole and any other openings preparatory to quick work.Then, while the windows are still wide open, saturate a piece of absorbent cotton, if you do not: happen to have a sprayer, and go over the edges of shelves, ete.Now place two or three saucers filled with Carbon bisulphide on the top shelf, It is heavier than air so must be put up as high as possible.Close the doors and leave for 24 to 48 hours.When the door is opened the odor soon passes off.This treatment may have to be repeated at intervals for at least three times, with a period of two or three weeks between if the moths have got ahead of you.Moths may be lurking in corners where some of the wall paper is loose.Go over all these carefully, clean out and stick paper with fresh paste.The piano also harbours moths.If so, brush all the felts carefully and saturate a sponge or cloth with any one of the three repellants exterminators and fasten to the inside of the frame, then close the cover.Spring is not here yet.Then let us take another gray day and do any cupboards, chests or boxes where we store our winter clothing.Clean them thoroughly, sun and air as closets.Wrap and pack all the clean things in order, neatly labelling every package as it is put away.Next make a list of the parcels and their location in the box, Then, when the first cool days come in the Fall and you desire to take a motor trip, it does not thus take long to produce sufficient warm clothing for the comfort of each member of the party.It saves much time, worry and frequently your disposition.After all this is the longest and most tedious part of your spring cleaning and the joy of being out in the early spring days, watching for the first snowdrop, crocus, narcissus or daffodil will more than make up for the gray days.No worry on sunny days because of well-planned cleaning ahead of time.The earlier one gets after the clothes closets and cupboards the better, It is a case of \u201cthe early bird catches the moth.DIST KS Creole Eggs 1, cup chopped celery 2 cups canned tomatoes 14 teaspoon salt dash cayenne 1 teaspoon minced onion 6 slices toast Cook tomatoes, celery, onion, salt, cayenne until the celery is tender.Add the butter and slightly beaten eggs, and cook over hot water until the eggs begin to get firm, stirring lightly so that the mixture may thicken evenly.Pour the mixture over the toast and serve immediately.Scalloped Cauliflower 3 tablespoons butter 3 tablespoons flour buttered bread crumbs 2 cups mi.k salt and pepper Melt the butter in a pan, stir in the flour, add the milk and stir until thickened.Let this cook over hot water for ten minutes or more.Cook the caul\u2019flower eight minutes, counting the time when the water begins to boil.Arrange the flowerets of cauliflower in a buttered baking dish, pour on the white sauce, and cover with the buttered crumbs, Bake in a hot oven until the crumbs are browned.Cabbage which has been cooked in boiling water for eight minutes may be substituted for the cauliflower.2 tablespoons butter 4 eggs 1 head cauliflower ! Baked Onions 6 medium onions 14 cup minced meat 1 cup soft bread crumbs ¢ salt, pepper 1 tablespoon butter savory, sage Peel the onions and parboil them in salted water for five minutes.Plunge them in cold water and let them remain ten minutes.Drain, and carefully remove the centers.Mix the bread crumbs, melted butter, meat, and add seasonings to taste.Fill the centers of the onions with the mixture, place in a baking dish and surround with a small amount of boiling water.Bake in a moderate oven until they are heated through and the tops are brown.Tomato Scallop 1 can tomatoes 1% cups bread crumbs 2 tablespoons sugar 1 tablespoon butter or bacon 1 teaspoon salt fat 14 teaspoon pepper Combine the tomatoes, sugar, salt, and pepper with 1 cup crumbs, Put the mixture in a buttered baking dish.Melt the fat and stir into it the re- 205 5 pe 152 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE maining crumbs, Place hese crumbs over the tomato mixture and bake until they are brown.Creole Macaroni 1 cup macaroni 1Y cups canned tomatoes 2 tablespoons butter 14 cup grated cheese 2 tablespoons flour salt, pepper Break the macaroni in one inch pieces, and cook in boiling salted water until tender.Drain thoroughly.Mell the butter in a sauce pan, stir in the flour, add the tomatoes and seasonings.Stir the mixture until thickened, then let it cook over hot water for ten or fifteen minutes.Add the cooked macaroni and cheese.As soon as the cheese has melted, turn the mixture into a hot dish for serving.Baked Macedoine Brown Bread Cheese Ginger Bread Peaches Potatoes on the Half Shell Whole Wheat Bread Baking Powder biscuits Honey Corn Chowder Lettuce Salad Graham Bread Raspberries Cookies (Creole Eggs Brown Bread Fruit Salad Cake Scalloped Cauliflower Cold Tongue Whole Wheat Bread Baked Apples Spice Cake Graham Dread Bananas and Cream, M.H.Tomato Scallop Coffee Cake Branch Women\u2019s Institutes Hold Annual Meeting ARCH is the month for the annual meetings of the Branch Institutes of the Province of Quechee, when officers for the organizations are elected for another year of work.A Campaign of extension work is carried on during the early months of cach year through the School of Household Science of Macdonald College, and the Superintendent of Quebec Women\u2019s Institutes.Miss Hazel McCain and her assistant, Miss Adams, in the form of demonstrations, practical and theove- tical, on subjects pertinent to homemaking and home keeping.The Argenteuil Branch of the Women\u2019s Institute sont a consignment of clothing for distribution to the Western Hospital, Montreal, and co-operated with the local Farmer's Club in holding a successful banquet.Brome County Branches held annual meetings, and at Foster, South Bolton and MeNeill\u2019s Crossing demonstrations were held by Miss McCain.The fatter named branch provided a phonograph for use at social gatherings.Home Economies and Child Welfare received attention at the branch meetings.Chateauguay and Huntingdon elected officers and reviewed the year\u2019s work.Canterbury in Compton County held a social evening for young people.Brookbury sick and needy were remembered by this Branch, not only in food and clothing, but in substantial cash donations.A donation was also made towards the funds of the cemetery.Bury provided equipment for the public school and held a social function in aid of the cemetry, as well as remembering the sick.Cowansville, in Missisquoi County, took up the study of Banking and Investments, in a discussion and talk given by the loeal bank manager.Arrangements were made for a demonstration by Miss MeCain.In Ottawa County, Eardley Branch eclebrated its ninth birthday in an all Canadian luncheon, with gentlemen friends as guests.The menu and subjects for the toasts were distinctively Canadian, and the function was a pronounced success.Practical subjects were discussed at the Branch meetings.Breckenridge welcomed a bride, and gave her a presentation.East Alcove co-operated with the Junior Red Cross, held a debate and several social gatherings.Lascelles stressed home, school and community work in its programme.Rupert Branch discussed Canadian made foods; planned for the annual school fair and for a banquet.Wyman Institute in Pontiac County celebrated its fifteenth birthday.An apron contest was held, with prizes for the best.In Shefford County Granby Hill branch sent practical help to needy ones, and had a paper on \u201cAdvantages of Country Life.\u201d Canadian Industries and their claims received attention in South Roxton \u201cThe Romance\u2019 of Sugar Making\u201d If you listen, you'll hear in the Spring time The throbbing of old Nature\u2019s heart, When Maple sap drips in \u2018the buckets, And flowers from their brown covers start.Distilled in the heart of the Maple, Drawn up from the roots \u2019neath the soda, Maple sap purer than crystal, Is a beverage fit for the gods.Collecting the sap of the Maple, Given by Nature\u2019s free hand, Is the work of the farmer in Springtime, In Canada, dear Maple Land.A shack in the forest of Maples, Where sap on great arches they boil, And Canada\u2019s Sweetest of products Receive, as the fruits of their toil.ce Branch, and Waterloo-Warden planned for the annual fair and offered prizes in various branches of work.A large amount of practical kindness stands to the credit of this branch.Sherbrooke County branches adopt the plan of a clearly defined printed programme for its year\u2019s meetings with a topic of educational value, as much along the line of present day interests as it is possible to lay out a year ahead.Names of hostesses, ete., are also given, and the outlines sent out by the Provincial Conveners are given a place on these programmes.Ascot Branch specialized on equipment for the splendid Consolidated School in the community, conducted an essay contest, held a demonstration and a sugar social.Lennoxville branch enjoyed a lecture on \u201cPoets of the Eastern Townships\u201d by Professor F.O.Call, Prof.of English literature at the University of Bishop\u2019s College, well known at a poet and author.Elections took place throughout the County.Stanstead County branches held annual meetings at Ayer\u2019s Cliff, Beebe and Hatley.Programmes were submitted for the year\u2019s study and demonstrations held.Prof.Wm.Caldwell of Montreal was the speaker at the meeting of Como, Hudson and Hudson Heights Branch in Vaudreuil County, his subject \u201cThe Place of Canada in the World To-day\u201d.This branch is distinctly patriotic, and recommended the purchase of books by Canadian Authors only with the generous cash contribution it made to the local library.The Women\u2019s Institute of Quebec Province has a great field from which to draw in the matter of speakers, second to none in any part of Canada.Several Universities and Colleges have offered lectures and libraries at low rates, or no rates at all, and their cultured services are for the Branch Institutes on request, Many communities have availed themselves of these opportunities during the past year thereby lifting the status of culture to a higher level, M.ELIZABETH McCURDY, Provincial Convener, Publicity, Quebec Women's Institutes.Education in the Present and the Future HE desired goal of all sincere educationalists is \u201cequal educational opportunities for every child.\u201d Owing to the various handicaps of long distances, incompetent teachers and insufficient salaries, this goal is still looming far ahead in the future.Recent movements in school consolidation in efforts to render rural schools as modern in equipment and beautiful in surroundings, as well as to secure such remuneration for rural teachers as will induce them to remain in the country, will doubtless assist in bringing the ideal condition into existence.A well-balanced curriculum, adapted to the future needs of citizens of a growing country, will also help towards this objective.Wider even than the opportunity which rural women\u2019s organizations have of providing better equipment, and better school plants in general, is that of urging upon Boards of Commissioners and School trustees the duty of assuming their own undoubted responsibility in these matters.It is a question whether any other method of securing school equipment is not really proving a handicap in the progress of education.Rural school boards often need educating along the lines of their opportunities, and if efforts result in their awakening, and in an illumination of the public conscience, a distinct step in progress has been achieved.An important feature of the educational movement in the future will be a closer co-operation between the three parties concerned, the parent, the pupil and the teacher.A closer study of the various phases of school life will make for a more sympathetic interest on the part of parent, and will help to form the too often missing link between the home and the teacher.This in turn will create in the pupil the school spirit, a most important attitude of mind where the best development of the pupil is sought.M.ELIZABETH McCURDY, Prov.Conver.Publicity Dep\u2019t., Quebec Women\u2019s Institutes, \u2014_\u2014 A thing of beauty is a joy forever, Its loveliness increases; it will never Pass into nothingness.Keats. THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Classification of Stallions' for the year 1928 Proprietors.Horse and Class.Argenteuil, J.Richer, Huberdeau.Rock, Crossbred.3 lan M.Hay, Lachute.Craigie Allenby, Clyde.2 fan M.Hay, Lachute.Colonel Tipton, Standardbred 2 G.Moncrieff, Greece\u2019s Point.Baron Spark, Clyde.2 8.W.Morrow, Grenville.Hale Garner, Standardbred 2 G.E.Amold, Grenville.Arn.Mastoc, Percheron.2 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Arn.Pershing, Percheron.2 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Arn.Liberator, Percheron, 1 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Marval, Percheron.1 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Sande, Percheron.1 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Lavrat 2nd, Percheron.1 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Braemer, Percheron.1 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Easter Cloud, Percheron.1 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Prince, Percheron.1 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Armonica jr., Percheron.1 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Arn.Champion, Percheron.2 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Chermin, Belgian, 1 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Duke of Teck, Clyde.2 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.King\u2019s Favourite, Clyde.1 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Happy Jack, Hackney.2 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Mischief, Standardbred 1 Arthabaska.A.Hébert, St-Rosaire.John, Belgian.2 C.Boutet, Victoriaville.Brown Gentry,Standardbred 2 F.X.Labbé, Victoriaville.Len-8, Percheron, 1 M.Verville, Victoriaville.Midnight, Percheron.1 A.Gagné, Victoriaville.Napoléon, Belgian.2 D.Sicard, : Bulstrode.Dick, Crossbred.3 A.Fournier, Warwick.Trépadour, Crossbred.3 W.Fournier, fils, Warwick.Nighthawk, Percheron, 1 J.H.Muldoon, Tingwick.Nigger, Crossbred.3 A.Perrault, fils Onés.Princeville.King, Percheron.1 Bagot.A.Dufresne, St-Pie.Eugène, Canadian.2 A.Dufresne, St-Pie.Prince, Crossbred.3 N.Gévry, St-Pie.Gentry, Crossbred.3 D.Fontaine, St-Hugues.Bienfait de Voll, Belgian.1 A.Deslandes, .St-Dominique.Sir Leonard, Clyde.1 E.Archambault, St-Dominique.Viviani, Standardbred 1 F.Bissonnette, Upton.Espoir, Belgian.2 E.Blanchard, St-Nazaire.Lion, Percheron.1 A.Laplante, Ste-Christine.Roscoe, Percheron.1 Beauce.G.Pelchat, St-Honoré- Shenly.Distingua, Belgian.1 G.Pelchat, St-Honoré- Shenly.Roya! Purple, Standardbred 1 E.Breton, St-Frédéric.Pit, Crossbred.3 T.Beaudoin, Broughton- Station.Beauceron, Belgian.2 T.Beaudoin, Broughton- Station.Gamin, Belgian.2 T.Beaudoin, Broughton- EE Station.Soldat, Belgian.ne R.G.Morency, Ste-Marie.Evan Bellini, Standardbred 1 A.Poulin, .} St-Joseph.Gris, Crossbred.A.Poulin, Grande Montagne.Frank, Crossbred.P.Pouliot, 355 St-Victor-de- A ae Pince, Crossbred.Never before has such care been used in preparing St-Côme.Jay Boy, Percheron.teas for the public.Never before has such a blend R.Carrier, .= 3 bé »» St-Georges.Léonidas du of high quality teas been made, asin SALADA .C.R, Canadian.This flavour, this unfailing deliciousness is bring- V.Lessard, sll St-Georges-Est.Black Prince, Percheron.ing pleasure to millions.A.Leboeuf, E.Roy, .Beauharnois.Valleyfield.New Windsor St-Stanislas.Grant, Percheron.J.H.Lavoie Boy, Crossbred.3 P.Vinet, tu ; , E.Roy, St-Louis- Valleyfield.Mambrino Standardbred 2 St-Stanislas.Jutland, Clyde.1 Gonzague.Barney, Crossbred.\u201cThree-Way\u201d CI ee-Way earance On All Massey-Harris Cultivators The \u201cThree-Way\u201d Clearance of Massey-Harris Cultivators provides room for the passage of trash in the three important Vi 7 y \\ \\ ov places\u2014under the frame\u2014between the rows of teeth\u2014and in the zig-zag passageways.This \u201c Three-Way\u201d Clearance enables Massey-Harris Cultivators to clean out weed pests and cultivate fields quicker and better.Strong frame, high lift; and wide-tired steel wheeis are provided on Massey-Harris Cultivators.The line includes Spring and Stiff-Tooth Cultivators in hand and power-lift styles and you can get sizes suitable for the power you have available.As well as Field Cultivators, Massey-Harris Agents can supply you with Tillage Implements of all kinds, including Harrows, Quack Grass Eradicators, Corn Cultivators, Soil Pulverizers, Scufflers, and Rollers.AASSEY.HARRIS CO.LI PARTS ESTABLISHED 1837@ \u201cTORONTO -MONTREAL-MONCTON\u2018WINNIPEG-BRANDON- REGINA: asus 4 81.Ne TNT E WIFT CURRENT -YORKTON: CALGARY EDMONTON VANCOUVER -AGENCIES EVERY WHERE THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 154 H.Laberge, St-Louis- Gonzague.Alcébiade, Percheron.1 H.Laberge, St-Louis- Gonzague.Lord Nickles, Clyde.2 J.C.McEwen, St-Louis- Gonzague.Sir Arthur, Clyde.1 A.Sauvé, St-Etienne.Jack, Crossbred.3 A.Daoust, Beauharnois.Dexter Dan, Shetland Poney, 2 N.Laberge, Beauharmois.Hindale, Percheron.1 Bellechasse.C.Asselin, St-Gervais.Medor, Clyde.1 Syn, d\u2019élevage St-Michel.Max, Percheron, 2 D.Roy, \u2018 Ladurantaye.John, Crossbred.3 E.Rousseau, Ladurantaye.Carman, Crossbred.3 E.Pouliot, St-Philémon.Pit, Crossbred.3 Berthier.J.Robillard, St-Cuthbert.Pascal, Percheron.1 J.Pelland, St-Norbert.Smart, Crossbred.3 A.Denis, St-Norbert.Gilbert du C.R., Canadian.1 A.Dubeau, St-Norbert.Laddie of Sandy Bay, Hackney.1 A.Lavallée, Berthier.Ronald, Canadian.2 A.Desnonne, St-Damien.Pit, Crosshred.3 A.Paquin, St-Charles- Mandeville.Rasta, Percheron.1 Bonaventure.0.Fortier, St-André- Restigoudhe.Pit, Crossbred.3 T.Mann, Escuminae- Nord.Dick, Crossbred.3 T.Young, Oak Bay Mills.Bonaventure Pride, Clyde.1 A.Bernard, Bonaventure.Forbes Johnson, Standardbred 1 G.Prince, Port-Daniel- Ouest.Napoléon, Percheron.1 E.Lawrence, l\u2019ort-Daniel- Centre.Professor, Percheron.1 ©.Lawrence, Port-Daniel- Centre.Daniel C, Crossbred.3 G;.McInnis, Port-Daniel- Est.Speed, Crossbred.3 Brome.GG.A.Lague, Mansonville.Eustache, Percheron 1 Chambly.A.St-Jean, St-Basile.Pit, Crossbred.3 J.Bigonesse, St-Hubert.Lebrun, Crosshred.3 A.Raymond, St-Hubert.Jaslarence, Percheron.1 M.Quintin, Boucherville.Tibi, Crossbred.3 F.Malo, Boucherville.Sir Joseph, Percheron.1 I.Malo, Boucherville.Angus Balsam, Belgian.1 F.Malo, Boucherville.Elm Vale Pride, Clyde.| Champlain.R.Carignan, St-Luc.$.Pronovost, St-Stanislas.¥.Delisle, Eel Dillard, Pit, St-Tite.Argus the S, Plamondon, Ste-Thècle.A.Bilodeau, Grand\u2019Mère.r.l'rancoeur, St-Séverin.Great, Javert, Lou Boy, Poney, Standardbred 2 Crossbred.3 Percheron.1 Percheron.2 Crossbred.3 Crossbred.3 M.Héroux, A.J.Ness, St-Maurice.Haricot, Percheron.3 Howick.Woodside A.Thibault, Signal, \u2019ont St-Maurice.The Liar jr, Crossbred.3 R.Ness & Son, Howick.Irom Signet, Charlevoix.R.Ness & Son, E.Dufour, fils, ; calle Royal Master, Pointe de Roche.Brompton Boy, Clyde.1 Howick.Kentyre Chateauguay.Champion, ; \u2014 \u2014 J.Cullen, A.Reid, .Howick.Senator, Châteauguay.Pasteur, Belgian.1 T.Reid, A.Reid, Ormstown.DeSalaberry, Châteauguay.Edgar de ; ; Gentinnes, Belgian.2 À.Bétourné, Reid & frère, St-Chrysostôme.Compton, Châteauguay.Indigène de Ch., Belgian.2 Reid & frère, .os Châteauguay.Jupiter de Ch., Belgian.2 Chicoutimi.P.Normandeau, L.Tremblay, St-Urbain.Almountmas, Percheron.1 Ste-Anne.Baby Claude, A.Gobel, Riv.-du-Moalin.Sunol du Clyde.1 Saguenay, Percheron.1 - D.Grenon, Clyde.1 Chicoutimi.M.G.César, Percheron.2 M.Simard, Clyde.1 Laterrière.Prinee, Crossbred.3 Compton.Clyde.2 8.Campbell, Crossbred.3 Belgian.Crossbred.Crossbred.Cookshire.Angus Lad, E.C.Taylor, East Angus.Viebert, Brompton Pulp and Paper Co, East Angus.Brompton Lad, Belgian.1 Brompton Pulp and Paper Co, East Angus.Midas de Ergot, Belgian.1 Brompton Pulp and Paper Co., 3 East Angus.Jericho II, Belgian.1 Standardbred 1 Percheron.! Oil facts for farmers (No.1) Only a quality oil has recommendations like these: 182 manufacturers of automobiles and motor trucks approve the Mobiloil Chart.31 farm tractor manufacturers recommend Mobiloil.30 stock engine manufacturers recommend Mobiloil.43 stationary and farm lighting engine manufacturers recommend Mobil- oil.UR GUIDE\u2014I?1s not list 29 fire apparatus and rail car manu- YR eer Seer ted ean .orrec a Cars, 3 facturers recommend Mobiloil.ADG Tomember hat «.or or oee And tractors automotive manufacturers HUNDREDS of other manufacturers of 60 approve it! : : 1 1 The grades of Gargoyle Mobiloll, indicat automotive units approve Mobiloil.Moblioil \u2018E* Mébiloil Arctic UFR +A,\u201d Mobiloll \"BB,\" and Mobilotl \u201cB.\" Follow winter recommendations when temperatures | from pa EF Lo 0° 5 prevail, Below Zero use Gargoyle - rctic exce ï How Mobiloil cuts expense Mobiioi +B! pb Ford Cars, use Gargoyle Mobiloil economy is so certain that these manufac- 1927 1926 1925 1924 turers readily recommend Mobiloil for use in their NAMES OF = = = - engines.Ane 1 #8 (5818151218 /8/8 .1, pu # g 5 This point is important.Mobiloil cuts cost of 3 B a B 5 È ë 5 operating farm tractors, trucks and cars in many Cadillac 5 a: | 85 Are.BB [Are A [Are |A |Are.andler Sp.Ala |.020 NN ways.** other mods.| A |Are.| A JArc.|'A \u2018JAre.|'A \u2018Aro.+.Chevrolet .Arc.|Are.] Arc.|Are.|Are.|Are.(Are.[Are.The first thing most new Mobiloil users notice Cuve eo Toe | 4 1a | 4 A0 À LA |A [A is a substantial reduction in oil consumption, rang- Dodge Bros.4-cyl.| A [Are.| À |Are.| A |Are.|'A Aro.© > ssex.-.| A lAre.] A JAre.| A |Arc.| À |Aro.ing from 15% to 50%.Many farmers say this Ford.11110 EJEJE JE IE ER IE : ÿ Tr Frankiin.:! 1.11! BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB saving more than makes up for Mobiloil\u2019s slightly Hudson.A |Arc.| À [Are.| À [Are.| A (Aro.; - Hupmobile.A [Arc.| À jArc.| A |Arc.| A |Arc.higher price per gallon.ett.\u2026.|-.| A jAre.| A |Are.| A |Are.oo .! .Maxwell Cee coe eens]- ol A |Are.{ A |Are.In addition Mobiloil gives you the utmost pro- Maoh, gnlio-Buick) À (are: & [Are] À [At A, lame .Lo .Oakland.21 A |A A |Arc .\u2019 tection against costly repairs and breakdowns.And Otasmobite | À [Are] À (Are) À [Are | 4 [ame just one extra repair job may easily run into more Packard s 11110 À ATS A [are] 4 |ame| A [Aro > As BE A |Arc À |Arc.| A |Are.money than your whole year\u2019s supply of Mobiloil.Paige.|.À |Are:| À [Are |Are.|Are [are [ATo: Reo.A |Arc.| À [Arc.| À [|Arc.| A |Arc.Star.A |Are.| A |Arc.] A |Arc.lArc.|Are.Studebaker RER 4 Are 4 Are.A JArc.| A |Arc.How to buy wye-knigns 2114 (47015 [Are] A [Ar A [Are , \u201c \u201c 6 A JAre.| A |Arc.| A Arc.|.|.Most farmers buy a season\u2019s supply of oil at one time.We recommend the 55-gallon or 30-gallon steel drums.Other Mobiloil containers are:\u201410-gallon steel drums with self-contained faucet, 5-gallon cans packed in easy-tipping rack.Also 1-gallon and 1-quart cans.Your dealer has the complete Mobiloil Chart.It will tell you the correct grade of Mobiloil for your tractor, your truck and your car.The World\u2019s Quality Oil IMPERIAL OIL LIMITED Marketers of GARGOYLE MOBILOIL in Canada Manufactured by VACUUM OIL COMPANY THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE IX drompton Pulp E.Giroux, A.Duffy, D.Benoit, and Paper Co.St-Eustache.King Quality jr, Percheron.1 South Durkam.Master Mitchell-Stat.Petit Gars, Crossbred.East Angus.Brompton John, Belgian.1 A.Paquin, McColen, Clyde.2 W.Lupien, Brompton Pulp St-Eustache.Bill, Crossbred.3 A.Duffy, Wickham.Bayard, Crossbred.and Paper Co.A.Viau.South Durham.Royal X.Girard, East Angus.Brompton Bob.Belgian.2 S3t-Joseph-duLac.King.Crossbred.3 Chamberland, Clyde.1 St-Eugène- Brompton Pulp J.Labonté, .E.Mansesu, Grantham.Prince, Crossbred.and Paper Co, St-Benoit.Kontrole, Percheron.1 South Durham.Forbam 2nd, Belgian.2 East Angus.Brompton Ecole d\u2019agri- el.Frontenac.Laddie II.Clyde.: culture, A.Cots, ; ; \u2014_\u2014 Brompton Pulp La Trappe.Ridley \u2018Blind, Percheron.2 L\u2019Avenir.Balsam Rémi, Belgian 1 E.Proteau, and Paper Co., A.Houle, St-Sébastien.Chançard.Belgian.East Angus.Brompton Dan, Belgian.1 Dorchester.St-Félix- C.Bureau, A.B.Hartwell, M \u2014 Kingsey.Forban, Belgian.1 Lambton.Buster Boy.Percheron.Waterville.Uhlan, Percheron.1 Fr Murphy.L.Vien, St-Bernard.Lincoln du C.R., Canadian.A St-Edwidge.Liege, Belgian.1 R Lacasse, Ste-Claire.Honest Tom, Percheron.2 Deux-Montagnes.A.Fauchon, ss St-Malachie- H.Piché, Station.Captain St-Canut.Prince, Canadian.1 Moncriffe, Clyde.1 J.Desroches, A.Fauchon, Ste-Scholastique.Diamond C., Percheron.! g¢.Malachie- 0.Daoust, Station.Jerome du C.R., Canadian.1 St-Hermas.Glory, Crossbred.3 E.Levert.D rummond.Ste-Scholastique.Young Man, Standardbred 2 _\u2014 E.Renaud, Z.Dumouchel, St-Eustache.Direct Forbes, Standardbred 2 Kingsey Falls.Castor Lion, Crossbred.3 74\u2014Golden Acre Cabbage\u2014One of the earliest Cabbages in existence.A most desirable variety .25 Pkt.oz.2.00 125\u2014Golden Plume, or Wonderful Celery \u2014 One of the very best varieties for early Fall use.A 260\u2014Japanese Ebenezer Onion\u2014A heavy yielder, producing large Onions which are wonderfully firm and solid and will keep neariy twelve months.\u2026 1000 r00 00000000 10 .50 355\u2014Saxa Radish (Earliest of Scarlet Radishes) \u2014Round bright scarlet with the smallest possible HOD.viii ees J0 256 Wm.TORONTO RENNIE Pkt.Yjoz.25 1.25 2 Pkt.oz.Pkt.oz.Co., Limited MONTREAL FIRE PUM Manufactured by OUELLET & BROTHERS 5 à ON $s BARREL MADE WITH A STEEL This pump is called to be very useful, This forcing pump is always ready to operate and push the water from 30 to 35 feet high with great pressure.ALARM CLOCK Analarm clock is meant to serve rather than to be served.Nobody wants to make it the pet of the family.Everybody wants it to give reliable service, both in time and alarm, and stand uncomplainingly the ordinary amount of abuse that every necessary article receives during a long and honorable life.Ingersoll Alarm Clocks combine the accuracy of more delicate timepieces with a sturdiness that comes from sound, solid construction.These clockstell time correctly and ring on time.They ring clearly and penetratingly.And allthis is onlya part of Ingersoll Alarm Clock value.It wouldn\u2019t be A Really Dependable Alarm Clock for $1.75 Ingersoll Type-T.Type-T Radiolite $2.75 .Height 6\u201d complete without Ingersoll \u201cgood looks\u201d to round out the picture.Not only are they substantially made, but they look substantial.They will look well and serve well in the bedroom or kitchen.Reliability .sturdiness .style .low price.and value! These are the Ingersoll \u201cbig five\u201d and they mean alarm clock satisfaction for you! Look for the name INGER- soLL on the dial\u2014 just to make sure.Should an accident occur, and a jeweler not be closeathand, send your Ingersoll Alarm Clock to our Service Department at Montreal.It will be repaired promptly at a nominal cost.INGERSOLL WATCH CO., Inc.149 St.Catherine St.East, Montreal Every village should have at least two of them for protection and every rank must have one.Lots of fires have been avoided with it.On request we will give the name of municipalities which have prevented with this outfit the destruction of one part of their village.Dont wait to have a big fire, see to protect your property.For further information, apply to OUELLET & BROS, St.Leonard d\u2019Aston, Nicolet Cty.TYPES $2.75 Radiolite $3.75 Height 534\" Back bel lalarm clock atalowprice.Dependable quality.Continuous alarm.TYPE-V $3.75 Height 6 5/16'' Intermittent; back bell.Typical lngersoll value.Reliableinboth time and alarm.TYPE-R $4.25 Radiolite $5.50 Height 624\" The aristocrat of the line.Largeeasilyread- able dial.Intermittent alarm.TYPE-R Jr.$4.25 Radiolite $5.50 Height 414\" Everyone admires it.A handsome little clock with an intermittent alarm, X THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE G.Dostie, St-Méthode- d\u2019Adstock.Lord Roller, Clyde.L.Bisson, St-Méthode.Prince, Crossbred.3 F.Labrie, Cap Chat.Harker II, Percheron.1 P.Scott, Cape Cove.General Currie, Clyde.2 P.Patterson, Gaspé.Frisco Peter, Standardbred} Hull.A.P.Radmore, Gatineau Point.Clemenceau 2nd, Percheron.1 M.J.Henderick, Hull.Sultan, Percheron.1 8.J.Kerr, Aylmer.Prince Victor.Clyde.1 C.Holmes, Luskville.Prince Aberdeen, Clyde.1 G.Fraaer, Beechgrove.Galena Boy, Percheron.1 M.J.McLaughlin, Venosta.Lolap of Acme, Percheron.2 J.P.Daley, Venosta.Monarch ef Mayfair, Belgian.1 M.J.Kelley, Venosta.Apoilo of Arnolwold, Percheron.2 D.Haveronm, Venosta.Sir Garnet Hood, Clyde.2 Huntingdon.A.McDonald Campbell, St-Anicet.Albert, Crossbred.3 A.A.McEd- wards, Huntingdon.Sir Robert, Clyde.1 G.B.Campbell, Huntingdon.Hugo Heritage, Clyde.1 A.Douglas, Franklin.Cyclone, Crossbred.3 T.Jolly, Huntingdon.Sir Charming, Clyde.1 T.Jolly, Huntingdon.Woodland Pride, Percherom.1 J.J.Tannahill, Huntingdon.Ideen 2nd, Percheron.2 C.Trépanier, St-Anicet.Bijou, Canadian.1 C.H.Brown, Glenelm.Le Rat, Canadian.2 W.Thompson, Ste-Agnès- Dundee.King Simon, Clyde.2 N.Lauzon, Ste-Barbe.Frank, Crossbred.3 A.Rankin, Huntingdon.Duke of Erin, Clyde.2 W.H.Arthur, Glenelm.Sim Axworthy, Standardbred 1 J.Dowd, Hemmingford.Pit, Crossbred.3 R.T.Brownlee, Hemmingford.Peachblow Sir Spencer, Clyde.1 Iberville.O.Lamarche, Mont St-Grégoire.Grégoire, Percheron.1 0.Raymond, St-Alexandre.Brillant, Crossbred.3 A.Brault, St-Alexandre.Koutelas, Percheron.1 L.Lamoureux, Henryville.Sultan, Percheron.2 Hes-de-la-Madeleine.J.-A.Delaney, Pointe-Basse.Kentucky, MarqueStandardbred 1 Jacques-Cartier.E.Legault, Ste-Genevidve.Royal Glory, Clyde.1 I.Meloche, Ste-Geneviéve.Joe the Banker, Percheron.1 (To be continued) Green Feeds or Epson Salts for Laying Pullets N the latest report of the superintendent of the Ste.Anne de la Po- catiere Experimental Station there is an account of a test made to compare the value of several green feeds for laying pullets and to ascertain if Epsom Salts are a suitable substitute for green feed.Four groups enthusiasm With more than 120,000 Whippets in the hands of enthusiastic owners, the Whippet is still a year ahead of the industry.For Whippet design hasbeen proved by millions of miles of driving.Get a demonstration of the car\u2019s remarkable qualities \u2014 flashing acceleration, great power on hills, high speed, easy riding and parking.of pullets were used in the experiment.They were treated alike, except that one group received roots, another clover, another sprouted oats and the fouth group Epsom Salts once a day at the rate of 11% ounces per twelve birds, either mixed in drinking water $605 or in the mash.Clover gave the best 7 95 results, closely followed by roots.Epsom Salts gave the lowest profit, less \" F.o.b.factory.Taxes extra than half of that from clover, on ac- 8 count of the fact that the birds getting Willys-Overland Sales Company Limited, Toronto, Ontario them did not lay many eggs during the winter months.Branches \u2014 Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg.Money Making Spring Equipment SEE YOUR LOCAL AGENT NOW EUREKA All-Steel Potato Planter All moving parts made of steel or malleable iron.Takes few repairs.The Eureka plants accurately up to 999% perfect.No extra man needed to watch seed hoppers and supply the \u201cskips.\u201d The furrow opening plow is carried directly under the main axle, thus carrying it the same distance from the ground level over uneven ground, assuring an even stand of potatoes.Efficient fertilizer attachment increases crop yields and profits.The Eureka is built in one and two-row sizes, adjustable to any width of row.Frost & Wood Disc Harrows Give Good Service The blades on Frost & Wood disc harrows are in 12 and 14-blade sizes.The \u201cChampion\u201d out- Jade of high-carbon steel, and they have throw has hard maple bearings and two-lever the right \u201cset\u201d or \u201ccut\u201d to enable them to adjustment and is built in 13, 14 and 16-blade \u201cthoroughly pulverize the soil without causing sizes.The \u201cTandem\u201d is an ideal double disc for use with horse or tractor power.heavy draft.Frost & Wood discs have grease cups on all bearings.The \u201cLion\u201d in-throw is equipped with ball bearings and with pressure springs to maintain an even cutting depth; it is built Write for particulars and prices on Tobacco Transplanters, Wagons, Mowers, Rakes and other farm machinery.Literature free on request.FROST & WOOD QUEBEC LIMITED Montreal, P.Q.- - - - - \"FROST Dependable Farm Implements TET Quebec, P.Q.& WOOD THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Food Value Varies in Pasture Grasses Supply of available nitrogen a vital factor affecting protein content of grass.LL flesh is grass\u201d but grasses may vary widely in their ability to provide the raw material for putting flesh on livestock, or in maintaining milking cows.The supply of digestible proteins in hay and pasture grasses is the deciding factor in determining their food value for farm animals, It is largely on account of shortage of proteins that fodders have to be supplemented with concentrated cakes and meals.ce Careful analyses have shown that the percentage of proteins in grass is highest when the herbage is short but commencing to grow quickly.The earliest hay will contain twice as much digestible protein as the late-eut hay.These proteins are manufactured inside the plant and the essential element in them is nitrogen, which is absorbed by the plant roots.There is a definite relation between the available nitrogen in the soil and the quantity of protein feed produced per acre.On pasture land a regular succession of grass crops must be produced throughout the season.This means that some special means must be taken to maintain the suply of available nitrogen in the soil.Whether a mixed fertilizer containing the other two plant foods \u2014phosphorus and potash\u2014will be needed, will depend on the type of soil and the state of fertility.On rich clay land nitrogen alone may prove sufficient, For this purpose, nitrate of soda\u2014 which is directly available to the plant \u2014has proved valuable, not only in the Old Country, where top-dressing of pasture is an accepted practice, but under Canadian conditions.The nitrate is applied at the rate of from 100 to 150 pounds per acre, given in two or three applications.Prof.C.B.Sissons, OPERATION LEFT HER VERY WEAK Letter Tells of Wonderful Relief After Taking Lydia E.Pinkham\u2019s Vegetable Compound Coniston, Ontario.\u2014*\u2018\u2018After a severe operation and a three weeks\u2019 stay in a hospital I returned home so weak that Iwas severe painsin my left side and suffered agony every month.One day when I was not able to get up my mother begged me to try your medicine.My husband got me a bottle of Vegetable Compound at once and I took it.I started a second bottle, and to my surprise and joy the pains in my side left me completely and I am able to do all my work without help, I am a farmer\u2019s wife, so you see I can\u2019t be idle long.In all, I have taken six bottles of Lydia E.Pink- ham\u2019s Vegetable Compound, five boxes of the Compound Tablets, two bottles of Lydia E.Pinkham\u2019s Blood Medicine, and have also used the San- ative Wash.\u201d\u2019\u2014 Mrs.L., LAJEUNESSE, Box 108, Coniston, Ontario.c writing of a 1927 pasture experiment on his farm at Orono in Durham County states that \u201cthe effect of the nitrate on the permanent pasture was quiet evident.The grass was a darker green and grew more rapidly.Of course the cows kept the growth down but I fancy the yield would be considerably greater\u2014possibly twice as great, In tests carried out on pasture plots at the Fredericton, N.B., Exper- mental Stations, in 1926, the plots that recieved 200 pounds of nitrate per acre averaged 4,953 pounds of clipped grass on a per acre basis; the plots that received 100 pounds of nitrate yielded 4,599 pounds of grass, and the unfertilized pasture plot yielded only 3,207 pounds.This was an increase of 1,746 pounds in the one case and 1,393 pounds in the other.In British Columbia, where tests were carried out in 1927 by Prof.PA.Boving of the University of B.C., it was found that for B.C.soil conditions a complete fertilizer, including nitrate of soda, was most satisfactory.It may be concluded that nitrogen must be supplied in any case for good yields of pasture grass high in food value; what additional fertilizing may be necessary will be governed by differences in soil conditions that each farmer may determine by some comparative tests in the use of complete fertilizers.Three Hundred Egg Hens T is but a few years ago that the three hundred egg hen was something to marvel at.The time has arrived, however, when this dis- inction is by no means rare, In the Record of Performance work carried on by the Live Stock Branch of the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa, twenty-seven birds during the past year exceeded the three hundred egg mark, the highest being 338.Mr.R.W.Zavitz, supervisor of this work, reports that all but four of these records were made in British Columbia.The principal aim in the Record of Performance work, he says, is to get merit, XI the breeders to work for flock average more than for high individual birds, although the latter undoubtedly have their proper place both in advertising value and in breeding work.During the past year more than thirty per cent of the 32,178 birds entered won Record of Performance certificates by reason of laying upwards of 150 eggs each during the year, and of these about one-third won advanced certificates by laying 225 or more eggs during the twelve wonth period.High records in a number of cases were made by hens whose eggs averaged less than two ounces each in weight, and these records were not recognized.The thousands of birds which have been granted government certificates covering their production, egg weight, standard breed qualities.and other points of are exerting an almost incalculable influence in not only increasing the egg production, but also the vigour and general usefulness of the Canadian hen.ly ps ie The Sport Coupe The NEW CAR À car with speed that can be maintained mile after mile; power that takes you up a steep grade without effort; pickup that places you far ahead when the traffic signal flashes \u201cGo\u201d.A car exceptionally easy to steer and stop, with riding qualities that carry you smoothly over the roughest road.(The new car embodies all these features, including automatically equalized four wheel brakes and four hydraulic shock absorbers.(Its marvelous record of performance is evidence of the correctness of its design and the quality of its manufacture.(\u2018And its perfection mechanically is equalled only by its strikingly graceful body lines and lustrous two color finish. XII The Breeding of Saddle Horses Profitable HE demand for good saddle horses and hunters is keen and growing according to the Honourable Mr.Motherwell Minister of Agriculture.In his latest report of the work of the Department of Agriculture he states that the riding horse most in demand is one not less than fifteen hands, three inches in height and weighing upwards of 1200 pounds.Horses of Thoroughbred type of these dimensions and over command very high prices.The several breeding stations that have been established throughout the Dominion and headed by Thoroughbred stallions are helping greatly to establish reputations for the communities they serve for the quality of their saddle stock.The foal shows held within these districts are said to be proving particularly beneficial not only from the fact that they advertise the district of the outside world, but also they are steadily making the breeding of saddle horses more popular in the districts themselves.In some of the breeding station districts, colts three years old bring comparatively high prices, while extra good yearlings are readily picked up by fanciers who are always prepared to pay high prices for likely prospects.During the year under review by the Minister, two additional breeding stations were opened, one at Russell, Manitoba, and the other at Kamloops, B.C.bringing these stations up to seven over the Dominion.Three or more Thoroughbred stallions are centred at each of these stations, There are other districts in Canada \u2018where stations could profitably be organized, but there exists the difficulty of procuring the necessary good sires of hunter type.™ FREE ™3, cn Send for our garden seeds and our catalog of 500 premium.ALLEN Novelties St.Zacharie, Que.Write us today and we'll send you full particulars about our offer to try the Viking Cream Separator on your own farm at our expense \u2014 freight prepaid.You will be under no obligation to buy.The Viking is made in the largest hand separator factory in the world, and is guaranteed for ten years.Write us today.Agents wanted where we are not represented.IKIN CREAM SEPARATOR Swedish Separator Company, Limited, 29 Notre Dame Street East, Montreal 3 5 SV | Le DROITE CE } 0 | \u2018 we \\ A ed 2 || A Ha = A, == isa \u2014\u2014 | Ac \u2014 uN i pc > Design illustrated is Dominion Linoleum Rug No.6555 available in three different colourings THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Why Pay High Prices?.when you can have really beautiful floors at little cost simply by choosing appropriate Dominion Linoleum.Delightful designs for every room reflecting the colour and brightness of Spring await your selection.Dominion Linoleum is made in widths up to twelve feet and is quick and easy to lay.Comfortable to walk on; homey-look- ing; it wears for years.And, it is the easiest of floors to clean and keep clean.Dominion Linoleum Rugs In beautiful designs at popular prices for every room, All standard sizes.Wonderfully durable, they need no fastening and will not tear, crack or curl at the edges.At House Furnishing and General Stores Everywhere inoleum | BIGGER YIELDS ASSURED ! ( Bigger yields \u2014 every farmer wants them! Then start right.Start with good seed and a Cockshutt Grain Drilland you'll get maximum returns from your land.Choose a Cockshutt Drill because it has proven itself thoroughly reliable and efficient and a great crop getter.Securely rivetted frames of strong carbon steel ; multiple-disc gears that automatically sow the desired amount of seed without waste or loss; eflicient shoes that plant and cover the seed thoroughly; perfect lubrication and easy operation are features that will commend themselves to you.\u201cBETTER SEEDING\u2014BIGGER YIELDS \"is our pamphlet on Drills that will fully explain them to you.Ask our local agent for a copy or write our mearest office today.FROST & WOOD QUEBEC, LIMITED MONTREAL, Que.\u201cCockshutt Implements Make Farming Pay Better\u201d 72 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Forest Fires and Canada\u2019s Railways RE the railway lining up in the improved scheme of forest protection in Canada today ?The facts indicate that they most certainly are.Since 1912 when the Board of Railway Commissioners organized a fire inspection department, protection along the railroads has been operating as a triangular co-operative organization, including Railway Commission, the Dominion and Provincial Forest Protection Services, and the Railways of the country, to reduce forest fire losses along the railway lines.Today there are 126 field inspectors throughout the Dominion acting as local officers of the Board.In 7,203 miles of line through forest sections 871 special fire patrolmen are engaged.On another 6,214 miles of line through forested territory regular section forces and other employees are organized to take care of fires starting on the right of way.Annually about one million dollars is being spent by the railways to safeguard Canada\u2019s forests along the 97 ish per cent of the seam railway mileage in Canada under he Board\u2019s jurisdiction.What has this co-operative organization accomplished ?Instead of railways holding a leading place as cause of forest conflagrations, the records of the four years from 1923 to 1926 inclusive show that only 16 per cent of the fires and but 5 per cent of the area burned is attributable to railway origin.Let us compare these results with two States to the south of us.We find that Pennsylvania railways are XIII responsible for 30-35 per cent of the number of fires and area burned.Again in the State of New York, 14 per cent of the fires and 20 per cent of the area is attributable to railways.In other words, 30 and 20 per cent as against 5 per cent of our Canadian Railways.Railways today are not included in the major causes of forest devastation.The crown goes instead to the travelling public and the settler.Education, and Education only, will accomplish here what has been done with Canada\u2019s railways.\u2014 F,0.B.Factory QUALITY alone.Invincible Fencing succeeds on its merits It Lasts, Time Has Proven It Taxes extra At a Record Low Price OW\u2014at the lowest price in history\u2014thousands of new owners may enjoy the important advantages of the patented Willys-Knight six-cylinder sleeve-valve engine\u2014its silent power, velvet smoothness, simple design, quick starting, rigid economy.The new Standard Six is notable for the same qualities which are praised so enthusiastically by its 300,000 present owners.\u2014the same flashing activity, ease of control, freedom from carbon troubles and repairs.A FEW STANDARD SIX ADVANTAGES Patented,sleeve-valve engine, 45 horsepower; 4-wheel brakes; 8 Timken bearings in front axle for easiest steering; roomy interiors; wide, form-fitting seats; light control for dimmming on toe board at left; remote controls on doors; thermostat\u2014 air cleaner\u2014oil rectifier.Willys-Knight Price Ranges: Standard Six Coach $1480.Sedan $1610.Special Six $1625 to $1895.Great Six $2365 to $3695.F.o.b.Factory, Toronto.Taxes Extra, Now! A full range of Wiltys-Knight and Whippet commercial cars and trucks at attractive prices.Quality is manufactured right into it from the raw ore and upon this quality reliable dealers build their fence business without inducements being offered them other than a fair profit.We recommend our dealers as men and merchants whose principles are to offer you the best quality in fencing and other articles they handle.THE STEEL COMPANY OF CANADA LIMITED HAMILTON MONTREAL FENCING Carried in Stock by dealers in nearly every city.town and village in Canada.If you cannot locate a convenient dealer write to us.The Steel Company of Canada, Limited Dept.F, Montreal Please send copy of Invincible Farm Fence Catalogue illustrating all Styles.Née ra Willys-Overland Sales Co.Limited Toronto, Ont.Branches: Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Beautiful dinner plate, splendidly decorated.(Value 40¢).Given away FREI with every pound of |\\BetterLieht Brighter Than 20 Old-Style Oil Lamps § ERE'S the lamp that assures plenty of pure-white, steady brilliance for every | ase throughout your home, It's the Coleman Quick-Lite.Economical\u2014over 40 hours brilliant ser- Ç wige per gallon of fuel, Clean\u2014saves work.Nodaily filling necessary.No wicks to trim\u2014No chimneys B to wash.Cannot spill ) fuel even or over (ol em ê n | Every Farmer Knows \u2014that the best crop insurance is early seed-bed preparation.No man controls the weather and every day\u2019s delay in Spring may be fraught with evil consequences.a Nez Quick-lite § So with life insurance ! No man holds any surety of health.You may be insurable today, ineligible tomorrow.Life itself may cease.co .A .# gasoline, Lights Life insurance is the only sure provision for the protection 4 gasoline.Lights of your family or for your declining years.You can never obtain it cheaper than at your present age, Let us send you particulars of our low cost, profit earning policies.Carryit anywhere.Beautiful in design.Made of (A brass and steel, heavily nick- \u201cThe [RD eled and polished.i hd ver 30,000 dealers sell Cole- Sunshine (88 man Lamps and Lanterns.E of the i If yours is not supplied, write À Nighe* JIM Dex 807 Made in Canada By 38 The Coleman Lamp Co,, Ltd.CR EC KADO TEA and COFFEE GREEN, BLACK or JAPAN On sale everywhere.Ask for it to your dealer GLOBE TEA CO.309 Notre Dame West, Montreal Tel.Main 5036.Deafness Ÿ VE Perfect hearing is now being restored in all eases of deafness caused by Catarrhal troubles, Relaxed or Sunken Drums, Thiekened Drums, Rearing or ~ Hissing Sounds, Perforated, 3 Wholly or Partially Destroyed \u201cA Drums, Discharge from Ears, Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums require no mu \"wine but effectively replace what is lacking or defcetive \u20181 the natural ear drums, Simple devices, which the wearer easily fits into the ears where they are invisible, Soft, safe and comfortable, I= \u2014_ = WRITE TODAY Free Book for 163 pare book on on D f dvafness giving full parlieulars and man seaiîness, testimonials.The hear.Æ£ thousands of grateful users has been restored by these \u201cYi tle wirewss phones for the ens\u201d WILSON EAR DRUM CO.Incorporated 200 Todd Bldg.LOUISVILLE, KY.SMITIS lor fifty years the hrstand last $10 down A word in STUMP PULLERS { Latisrmsan dusaansraaus dnb FAI POSE, Easy Monthly Payments À Tree W.Smith Grubber Co.La Crescent, Minn.RAW FURS We are interested in spring MUSKRAT and RED FOX skins.We are paying the highest prices on the market.SEND US A SHIPMENT We sell traps at factory prices.CHS.DESJARDINS & CO.LIMITED 1170 St.Denis St.MONTREAL, Que.TheMcCORMICK- is Supreme in the : ms\u2019 Spreader Field\u2014for , Very Good Reasons pes Eyre at- We st Que St.East ses pis oe.gh eS STRAIT Ein a Ff \u2014 SS TORONTO, ONTARIO A Rts RE {£7 WN en ä (IN TS a y 7h ?fh M WoL | PHI BNI a __ il » GE oo > A y ww 2 DEERING mo OO pa SE Study these FIVE FEATURES \u2014They Save Time, Lighten Draft, and Add Years to the Life of the Spreader! x PATENTED Wide-Spread Spiral\u2014An all-important feature, in which the metal is cut and shaped scientifically so as to form a continuous spiral that increases in diameter from the center to the ends.Spreads manure uniformly and over a wide area.No running over freshly spread manure on succeeding trips.PATENTED Auto-Steer Front Truck\u2014A combination of the short- 2 turning features of the auto-steer and the patented oscillating construction of the front frame and axle.Perfect three-point suspension.No pole whipping or excess neck weight.PATENTED Double Ratchet Drive\u2014An exclusive, patented operating mechanism regulates the distance traveled by the ratchet wheel, which in turn governs the speed of the apron and the volume of manure spread.4 PATENTED Spring Chain Tightener-\u2014Automatic in action.Takes up all slack, whether the chain is on or off the large sprocket.PATENTED Drive Control\u2014Raises or lowers chain from sprocket.In operation it either clears the links from all of the sprocket teeth at once or, when the chain is lowered, engages all of the links at once.Ask your local agent to show you this efficient spreader, or write direct for complete information.t e ) INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY x) 1 e ° HAMILTON OF CANADA, Ltd.CANADA Western Branches\u2014Brandon, Winnipeg, Man., Calgary, Edmonton, Lethbridge, Alta., gina, Estevan, N.Battleford, Saskatoon, Yorkton, Sas Eastern Branches\u2014Hamiiton, London, Ottawa, Ont., Montreal, Québec, Que., oO A .McCORMICK- DEERING Manure Spreaders THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Westclox Made in Canada (7 + AH ) 0 fl i ~ \u2014