Le monde ouvrier = The labor world, 1 novembre 1927, samedi 5 novembre 1927

13e Année — No 45 SAMEDI, 5 NOVEMBRE 1927 MONTREAL — SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1927 Try Black Horse ale; 100 Years of Brewing experience behind it ^t******r******************* ©uwief Drink DOW’S ALE Standard of Strength and Quality Rédaction et administration: 9 et 11, rue Saint-Paul Ouest.‘INSTRUIRE ET AMELIORER’ Téléphone : MAin 1698 — Le numéro: CINQ CENTS PARTOUT Les accidents du travail TROISIEME ARTICLE Le suffrage féminin Deux candidats insurgés élus Que dit la loi de 1909 ?— Ceux qui tombent sous son application.— Que faire en cas d’accident ?Maintenant que nous a vois exposé lus origines des lois de réparation des accidents du travail, leur progression et leur évolution, voyons tin peu ce que la loi actuellement en force dans la province de Quebec dit et comment elle fouetionne.! our en iendtc I etude luciic et plus a la portée de ceux o1h\ lOlh Delorimier.Bureau: 117 ; i Ontario Est.i.Mll.i» DUO 4 lIl.UliOOD tu CARPES-1LK> AND JOINERS OF AMEKU A, Loeui i” 11 Meets every Tuesduy evening ; .h 214 st.Catherine 8t.East, al 8 u'oRkV Kf.i “eutî AJ' Uruce» Vlc« president.J.1.1.in, recording secretary, Richard Lynch, .o:*» .si.Andie st-; linancial secretur> .L K lug.lu.» McCord SL; treasurer, Juin** Fraser, o2ô Greelie Avenue.t.NION DES TRAVAILLEURS EN ( U Al s SURES (B.& 8.NV.U.L Locul 249 — 8 assemble tons les vendredis, un No 72Da nie Saiute-Calherlno EtL Président: G.N 1 Hellene, PUS Demoütlgiiy Est; Secrétaire .su.l Gorvais, 2112, rue Wolfo; Agent d'tf boies.Charles McKercher, 72Pu, rue Suint*-Culheritie Est.Téléphone: Est 1110.BOO 4 AND bllOE WORKERS’ UNION.LOCAL 207 DE 8 l'-ll VALT.NTHE.-Assemblée tous les vendredis A 8 heures du : soi:-, uu Ni» 71 rue Monder.Président Liiiest Gendion, iSocTetulre-flnuncler, Ar tliur Brodeur, Village M-Josepli, St-llya clhtlie, trésorier, C.E.Lemieux, 10 ri* ; »St- billion.Chapman, une station du Canadien .National située à 114 mille.' à l’est, do Vancouver.L’archéologue lu todiver ncnieiit cjul l’a examiné l’a déclare très beau et d’indubitable origine préhisto rique.Ce rocher gravé, lo^é au flâne d’une montagne près de la gare du C.N.IL mesure 20 pieds par H*.Personne n’a encore pu déchiffrer les hiéroglyphes qui le couvrent et qui sont trè> différents.de ceux que l’on a déjà décou verts sur la côte du Pacifique.THOUGHTS THAT LINGER BOOl AND 8110 E WORK EH 8, No.2t;t> 8 assemble tous les mercredis du mo • i * heures p.m.au No 72Pu S’tu-Cathare Est.Président, Paul Ougné, secrèlu rt!-ur< biviste, N.Poirier, 213 des Erublc « laite nuancier et agent d ulluin.'-hars.-H Me K or cher, 72Pu S ta-Cut lie ri: Est.I MON INTERNATIONALE DE s BAI niou i i.i us d a.mehkb • 111 155 do Montréal.— S’usseuible .• l Je 3e lundi du chaque inula, all No 21 nn* Sainte Catlierine Est, A 8 heures 30 < '4 Pn sidenl, Arthur Millard; secrétnir aivhivi.sie, Louis Legault; «ecrétuire-tréa ¦ ‘ • d'affaires, Zachurie Di Mu 714 • 1 u,‘ Sainte-Catherine Est.Téléphou LAneaster i;p31.IN I E KN A T10 N A L BARBERS’ UMU Ltteal il.iP.—.Meets Imi and 3rd Wedm-i lay.-., ut 85.1 SL Lawrence Blvd., ut 8 P 5 P resident.B.Mednick: Sec re tu ry-Treasure K.81 ( h i s u y, l47u Colonial Avenue. se nécessitèrent (V Warm the liniment, spread it on brown paper and cover the affected parts.It cases pain, relieves stiffness.The family medicine chest.CO .NS 1.11, nn lllSTltlCT I»KS ClIARC TICKS-MK.NUISiHIC.H l)'AMCKIl)( I’rC-Hlilunt, Arthur Murtcl; vtcu-uréuh U.II.Wurron; secrétaire.urchlvfiitu e iiuueler, J.li.O.Kucclte; trésorier, IJkin.liureuu: de S.oo u.m.à 5.00 p.iu, 7*o -117, ue Ontario Out.Téléphone: oï'IU Asxcmhléo tous les mercredis, ft heures du soir.l'N ION IMTilt.NATlONAI.E II IC S TAO.-t.iccits me l'iicuitic me montuicai.AH.semhléeH tous les 1er et fie lundis de douille mois, A 8 heures du soir, ù.lu sulls des Cordonniers, TZDn.rue Suliite-Cuthcrlue ICst.Président, IClui l'aiiuette, S'dSO, ruo t’ulire; Heerétuire, Oetuvu Jetto, filas, ru.Uuruiur.“KING OF PAIN' BUREAU DE PLACEMEN! PROVINCIAL 8oiih 1m contrôle du Oouvoruomont d« I* Provliico do Québec FRANCIS PAYETTE, Surintendant Eatréo des Iiomiues: 8 ruo St-Jacques.Eutrôo des fommos: 61 Notro-Daraa E.Heure, de bureau: Il o.m.S 5 p.m.Tfd.: Jlept.des homme.: Miiln ÏU41 T4I.I Hépt.dos feuuue.i Main 8182 Nous plaçons gratuitement, les hommes, femmes et jeunes gons.Nous offrons du truvail aux Journaliers et Ouvriers appartenant à tous les corps de métiers: Dans les fabriques, les usines, usines, les travaux do la construction ou île l’agriculture.Noub offrons des placo.1 Inns les llfltels, KostaurantB, bonnes plain's pour domostiquos, hommes ot femmes, j Ingénieurs, Chauffeurs, Débardeurs et Terrassiers, Commis ut Sténographes.Les propriétaires ot los ngents dos ohantlors J sont tout spécialement invités à présenter ( leur demandos nu Buroau Provinolal. Le seul journal ouvrier bilingue de la province de Québec.La meilleure arme entre les mains des travailleurs.The only bilingual labor paper in the Province of Quebec.The most efficient medium laborers have ever had.13th Year — No.45 SAMEDI, 5 NOVEMBRE 1927 — MONTREAL — SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1927 PRICE: 5 CENTS Workmen’s Compensation Honorable James Alexander Robb Are Parents People?ARTICLE II.(Being a translation from article in French of last week.) Origin of Compensation and How It Operates in Canada.If is evident that accidents multiply in proportion to the industrial (levelo).and to its machinery.The greater the number of workers, the faster run the machines, the greater also is the danger of accident! In the days when the owner worked alone, or with a few employees — nearly always the same gang — accidents were somewhat rare, and there was no feeling of need for a law fixing compensation for them, because owner and employee worked hand in glove together, and in ease of ne 'dent the ownei came wry often to the aid of the injured as a fellow - worker himself, not being constrained by the law to do so.But otlo'i times, othei nmuncis.Industry lias evolved into largin' oi’iraniza-imiiand with it all has tome the need ol law to replace or supplement t| o old personal touch in times id' injury.So we arrive at the codification of compensation acts, difficult to initiate, and challenging the - • rift est attention and skill ol legislators in all civilized countries! From the report of the Investigation Commission, appointed in 3924 by the Quebec Government, we find the following which traces the progress of legislation and its effects upon the relations between the employer and employee': “Before the legislator recognized the theory of industrial risk the work man liad to stand usually all tlie damage of an accident, The employer could not.bo held responsible unless it wore proven that he was at fault." It was the theory of “délictuelle” responsibility through fault.The employer's contribution to the compensation for the workman was imposed upon him as a punishment and cnnseipiently humiliated him ; therefore there was usually " compensation without a legal fight.Before the accident the employer i ni the employee could lie good friends working together towards the success "f the industry that gave them both a living; after the accident, the work ni, reali/.iug that he was the only loser, attempted, in some eases, to shift part of responsibility upon the employer, feeling very often conscious that the accident was not his own fault.This system—principally because of the intense development of machinery in industry was the result of so many injustices that the courts attempted |., correct its bad effects.It was in .ion law that the theory of contri- butory fault was first found and later that of professional or industrial risk.In some countries, this theory being accepted, care was taken to secure compensai ion in such a way as to do away with all occasion for legal conflict between the workman and the employer.In Germany, where the first lcgis-l:d ion of this kind was adopted, not only the workman and the employer were ! ill* I upon to contribute, but also the State, that is the entire community.Tin.employer could include in his general expenses this new disbursement; ¦hi- contribution paid by the employee had the advantage of intersting him in the prevention of accidents and the contribution of the State was an admission of that elementary social principle that damages caused bv a labor accident-when there is no fault by either employer or employee should be paid for not only by the employee and the employer interested but by society for the benefit of which industry exists.In other countries the theory of professional or industrial risk being accepted- it was left to the courts to decide what compensation should be paid.This system retained the element of humiliation for the employer and ¦ ¦ aggressiveness for the employee that was found in the principle of ‘délictuelle’’ responsibility.I.ittlc by little attempts were made to efface this clement.In certain places a commission was simply appointed to administer the Act ;- in others the judiciary administration was provided with powers which made it a more conciliatory administration.” It is nut nut of place to recall that this legislation is still of recent .it was onlv tliiring the period between 1890 and 11)10 that legislation was passetl to replace the recourse under conunon law that had a v rkmati.victim of an accident .by special laws making the employer responsible, whether there was negligence on his part or not.Germany was the first country to adopt a measure of this nature in 1884; Switzerland followed closely in 18s7; Norway in 181)7: France, Denmark and Italy in 1S!IS ; England in Itlllfi and finally all countries of Kurope; the movement spread to the American continent so well that today forty two of the States in our large Republican neighbor and all the Provinces of Canada with the exception of Prince Edward Island have adopted legislation more or less progressive; even Japan lia placed in its Statutes a law of this nature; this means that this I-: -dation, unknown hi 1880, has become universal.These laws can be divided into three groups; (a) the system of Mcciive responsibility by groups of industry based upon a monopoles- State insurance; (b) the competitive system based upon State ii uiaiiee, mutual societies and stock companies; finally (r) the system b.is.-d upon individual employer's responsibility.Two well defined schools of opinion can also be registered for the '¦•ttlenu'iit of cases ,one based upon the operation or working of the Act by an independent Commission or a branch of the Department of l.almr ,from which there is no appeal; the other is that of exclusive .ibdb'iary administration, with appeal to tribunals higher up until the l’n\y Council is reached.* -x- * In Canada, the question of compensation for labor accidents is v m the provincial sphere.As long as this system exists there is daiic-r of diversity not only in its application and its operation but • ; ally in its fundamental principles and in the amounts of indeni-1 ' - - paid to injured workers and their dependents, a state of things ! lady to create uneasiness and discontent unless there is uniformity oi ! 1 \ It is.moreover, what the inquiry of the National Industrial Com n: ion in 1 !)2() found and in its report recommended the holding of an Interprovincial Conference in order to study the important subject of uniformity of labor laws.Workmen's Compensation being one of them The federal government, recognizing the soundness of this recommendation.asked the various provincial governments to take part in a : 'erence of this kind.It was held in Ottawa in April 1021.I he Qic-bre Government was represented by Louis Guyon, deputy minister : Labor; the employers of the province, by John Lowe, of the Montreal I '.'Hons, Limited, of Yailey field : and the workmen, by Gus.Francq irman of the Quebec Executive of the Trades and Labor Congress id' Canada.Concerning the compensation for workmen injured in labor acci-T'uts, the Conference adopted the following principles as a uniformity; 1.That all Provinces adopt the idea of exclusive State insurance to lie administered by a Board.2.That lilt workmen, not specially exempted under the Act, who work in an industry which comes within tlie scope of the Act, shall be under the Act, regardless of the amount of their remuneration.;t.That at) employees of Provincial Governments and of Municipalities, including Police and Firemen, he included within the scope of the Act.¦I.That the scope of Compensation Acts bo extended as tar as practicable to include all industries., .That in all Provinces contributions to the accident iuini shall Ik* home, exclusively by the employer, , (i.That all'medical, surgical and hospital attention be supplied in cases of in jury or industrial diseases.7.That in every Province there should be a time limit within winch claims for compensation should be filled.S, That except in special cases payment, of compensation shall he made periodically direct to the claimant by the Board., !l.That injuries due to disons.accident arising out of and in the course of employment should be considered as coming within the scope ot the Act.HI.That the cost of administration of Workmen’s Compensation in each Province be borne bv the Government of that I rovince.It.That rules and regulations for prevention of accidents be made by the Board in each Province, and safety committees composed of employers and employees established in the various places of employment, and further that first iiid appliances be installed at the various plants; all the foregoing to lie under the direction of the Board.I'd.Where under any Compensation Act, the employer has the right to bring his employees under the Act by election, the employees should have the saint» ritflit when* :i nwi.jorily so decide.l!i.Tlint in coses of dcutli or injury uniform scale of compensation.Six Provinces in ( *«in:icl