The vindicator and Canadian advertiser, 22 septembre 1837, vendredi 22 septembre 1837

[" Volume 9 MONTREAL, FRIDAY Gk NT NN TETE ES TTT NT EVENING, SEPTEXMBE! 22, 18 Justice to all classes\u2014Monopolies and Exciusive Privileges to none.meer 21.TT TIENT TI ITT IR RN Ire IIR rey IT RIT EER rate ESS SII LAN = \u2014 Number 92 POETRY, The Catholic Pilgrim at Wash: ington\u2019s tomb, A pilgrim knelt at Vornon's tomb, An aged man was he, And through the wilight's sacred gloom, Ho asked if ho was free.* My country\u2019s Father,\u201d thus he cried, Is mine a traitur\u2019s blood ! When thou didst lead, *twas bravely shed, By mountain and by flood.1 bared ny breast before tho fue, 1 raised our flag on high, And sternly vowed to meet the blow, To conquer or to die.Yel no man called mo traitor then, My sword was in my hand, And round we flocked those valiant men, Tho fathers of our land, When bugles sang the battle rong, When marshal'd on the field, Did not my heart boat proud and strong, For all things but to yield ?I fought to save from foreign hands, \u2018I'he soil on which we trod, That wan might raise unfetter\u2019d hands, In worship to his God.Shade of the tomb, shall this bo vain, Must I my rights resign 7 Shall falsehood tix its deadly stain On mo and all that's mine ?Tell me, I pray, thou mighty dead, \u2018I'hon shade of Vernon's mound, Was ita traitors blood 1 shed, On frecdom's battle ground 7 Lot bigots.search the roll of fame, \u2018The charter of the free, And blot from thence our Carnrori\u2019s name; A traitor too was he.Yes ! let our altars blaze on high, There's freedom on our brow, For that in yonth we'd proudly dio, For that we'd perish now.DEEE From O'Connell's Dublin Review,\u201d for July.The Canadian Question.Ant.IV.\u20141.Report on the Civil Government of Canada, 1328.Petition of the House of Assembly of Lower Canada fora Redress of Grievances.March, 1834.3.Petition (the Second) from the Assembly of.\u2018Lower Canndn December, 1834.With explanatory Remarks (by 1.S.- Chapman.) March, 1835.4.Eaisting Difficulties ofthe Government of the Canadas.By J.A.Rocbuck, M.P.1836.2.6.\u2018Ihc last Session of the Provincial Parlin- ment of Lower Canada.By EE, B, O\u2019 Callaghan, M.P.P, April, 1836.6.Petition (the third) from the Houscof Assembly of Lower Canndu, 1836.7.Seventh Report of the Committee on Grievances (Upper Canada.) \u2018Foronto, 1833.8.Canadiana; or, Sketches of Upper Canada: nnd the Politica] Crisis.By W.B.Wells, Esq., Member of the Parliament of U.C.1837.9.Reports of tho Commissioners to Lower Canada.1837.10.The * Times\u201d Newspaper of the 7th and Oth of March, and April 15th.\u2018\u201c Dobutes on Canada.\u201d The Canadian question has moro than ordinary claims on\u2019 the attention of the liberal Irish reader: first, from the great similarity of the evils which pervade the government of both countries ; next, from the vast number of the people of lreland who not merely scek, but who actually find a home in thut colony; and lastly, from the fact, that the dispute involves one of the most interesting and important questions in the science of government which has ever agitated the public mind \u2014vwe mean the constitution,\u2014and perhaps even the existcneo of a second legis- tive chamber.The Canadas, like Ireland, have long been handed over to the.domination of a crue! and vindictive olignrchy\u2014a * miserable minority\u201d\u2014which would be con- templible without its English bayonets.In Ireland, the ruling fow have found sympathy with the imperial government by means of a similarity of religious bo- lief.In Lower Cunada, the same end has been attained, with much more advantage to the local oligarchy, by means of a similarity of language.In Ireland, the governed masses differ from their oppressors in religious belief (in language they can scarcely bo sail to differ any longer), in Canada, the religious difference exists also;but the local oligarchy were not slow tn perceive that similarity of religion was a bond of union between two sections of the population, namely, the French Canadians and the [rish,\u2014hence that source of ditleronce was rendered wholly inapplicable to their object, and similarity of lan- gunge was erected into a source of sympathy with the goverment, with the hope of entrapping the Irish and Americans to tho side of tho oligarchy.But the schome failed.Although religion in the onc country, and language in the other, may be, as | council.in fact they are, the bond of sympathetic | union between the dominant few and the imperial government; we shali hereafter sec that a desire for self government is the only bond which unites the people of all origins in the Canadian provinces.Impressed then with asense of the great importance of coming to a right decision on this subject, it is our intention, in the following pages, to examine the character of the civilgovernment of those provinces, to exhibit the present state of popular opinion there, and to ascertain ifthe remedies demanded by the Canadians be ddequate to the removal of the evils complained of, and to the permanent establishment of good government; and lastly, to exhibitthe character of the measure lately introduced into the House of Commons by Lord John Russell, The present Constitutions of Upper land Lower Canada owe.their existence to the 31st Geo.III.c.31, commouly called the * Canadian Constitutional Act.\u201d Previous to passing the act in question, the whole of Canada was comprised in one province, called the * Province of Quebec ;\u201d and was governed by a governor and council appointed by the crown, according to the provisions of the 14th Geo.ILL.¢.83, called the ¢ Quebec Act.\u201d The changes effected by the 31st Geo.IIL.c.31, were, firsl, the division of the province of Quebec into two provinces, of Upper and Lower Canada; the first being inland, and the last towards the sea : and, second, the establishment of two constitutions, alleged to be perfect copies or imitations of that which has so ofien heen alleged to be inimituble,\u2014namely, the British Constitution.According to the Canadian Constitutions thus established, the legislative power is vested in, first a governor, whose assent is necessary to the making a law ; and who, contrary to the practice of the mother country, not unfrequently withholds his assent.Second: a Legislative Council or Second Chamber, chosen by the crown for life.ZAtrd: a House of Assembly, which represents the people much more completely than the British House of Commons, as the franchise is sufficiently low to include nearly every male inhabitant of mature age.The administrative power is vested in the governor, as head of the executive, aided by an executive council, having duties somewhat similar to those of our privy-couacil ; the chief duty being to advise with the governor in all matters where two or more heads are conceived to be better than one.The judiciary consists of a cliief justice aud three judges at Quebec, a similar establishment at Montreal ; with onc judge for the District of Three Rivers, another for St.Francis, and a third for Gaspé.\u2014 These hold courts of original jurisdiction, from the judgments of whichthere is an appeal to a higher court, formed of the governor and executive council, with an associated judge, who has not heard the case in the courts below.The judges are all appointed\u2014not during good beha- viour\u2014but during the pleasure of the crown ; which, in practice, means the pleasure of the local oligarchy, of which they forma part.From the judgment of this court of appeal, there is n further appeul to the King in council.\u2018 In order to understand the real nature and operation of the Canadian Constitution, as above briefly described, it is necessary to take a near viow ofthe materials of which the two branches of the legislature are composod.We shall begin with the councils.If the reader will take the trouble to turn to the debate which took place in the House of Commons on the Canadian Constitutional Act\u2014a debute memorable for the quarrel between Burke and Fox\u2014ho will find, that the object of the minister, in erecting the legislative councils, was to form anaristocracy in cach of the Cana- dus,go as to mako the imitation of the British model as perloct as possible.Mr.Pin even contemplated the subsequent introduction of hereditary titles,\u2014but this folly (though authorised by the 31st Geo, 1II.¢.31, sec.5) has never been attempted.But the formation of an aristocracy in Canada was not so casy a matter.At the time of the passing ol the act, there did not exist any materials out of which an aristocracy could be formed ; besides which, the social state of the people did not favour the accomplishment of so splendid a dosign, as the triends of the act appear to have contemplated.| Previous to the conquest, it is possible that materials for the manufacture of a * In Upper Canada a court of appeal, has never been organized, so that appeals, from the decisions of the courts of origi-; nal jurisdiction, are direct to the King in colonial aristocracy might have been! found.The seigneurs for the most part.members of the noblesse of France, to whom the people looked up with respect; and the Château de St.Lewis; at Quebec, | was filled with scions of the sume class, attracted thither by the numerbus good) things which the mimic court bad to be- | stow.The bar was also on the same aristo: cratic footing as that of France, and the ecclesiastics were not then as they are now, men drawn from and sympathizing | with the masses, but were for the most: part importations from the aristocratic: Gallican Church.The mass of the people too, at that: time, had not tasted of the sweets of self-; government, even of the imperfect and in-! adequate kind since introduced among them.They had not been called upon to exercise the duties of jurors as they have since been.The business of elec-| tion was to them wholly unknown.\u2014 Hence being ignorant of these things, they had no objection to the existence of a class holding power not derived from them- sclves.The first fruit of the conquest was the extinction of this natural aristocracy as some delight to call it; the next was the rendering of the people indisposed towards an aristocracy of any kind.Such of the anciept noblesse as had the means, returned soon after the conguest to old France ; while such as remained, being no longer preferred to offices of trust and profit about the local government, were compelled to live as best they could upon their country cstates.Among the honest, hardy, und cheerful farmers of; Lower Canada, we still find names having the aristocratic mark of de,\u2014the possessors of which have now nothing to distinguish them from their neighbours ; and are, moreover, guile unconscious ol their original dignity.The persons whom tlie conquest found! in power, persons intimately connected with the aristocracy of France, were, as may be imagined, speedily displaced, in order to make room for such of the \u201c king\u2019s ancient subjects\u201d as deemed themselves to have a claim upon the first fruits of conquest.There was accordingly a very general dismissal of the incumbents of office, and a substitution of persons drawn from the ranks of the conquerorsy to {iil the various offices in the country.\u2019 \u201c Fow of these persons,\u201d says a contemporary writer,\u201d were of a respectable class in the provinces whence they had cmigrated; and their deportment in! their new dignity did not much serve to alleviate the grief ond chagrin of the discarded French nobles:e, who felt themselves not less disgraced by their own dismission, than by the elevation of such men into their seats.There were few or none of these ¢ ancient subjects\u2019 who had landed property in Cauada.They had been either suttlers to the troops or Indian traders ; and although those who were appointed magistrates now added Esquire to their names, they did not think fit to lay aside their former occupations.Indeed, such as were removed to a considerable distance from Quebec, found a way of rendering their magisterial powers useful in their trade ; for, as the law was in their own hands, they took the liberty of moulding it to any form that suited their purpose.The Canadiens had, inthe course of their dealings, contracted debts with these and other traders, expecting to pay in peltry, or the produce of their farms, when the scason came round; but, to their utter astonishment, they found themselves cited before the magistrates for the most trifling sums.Condemned to make instant payment, at times when they had no means in their power, and on failure thereof, their persons were arrested, diag: ged from their farms and families, and committed to a common prison, there to remain until their creditors received satisfaction for their demands.If the debt ex« ceeded forty shillings, their case was still worse; for then they were arrested by the writ of the Court of Quebec, and from the remotest part of the province, transmitted, under custody of a deputy marshal, lke felons, to the capital.As by the French: laws, no process went against the person of the debtor until his chattels were found insufticient, and of these he was allowed time to make the most, ut the proper season, by the merciful deeree of his seigneur, it is difficult to couceive the misery und distress in which the poor Canadians found themselves involved by the operation of these new nnd unknown laws; and when to the afilicting circumstances we have already stated, we add the enormous expenso attending a process out of, the Superior Court, executed at so great) a distance, we shail cease to wonder that: the Canadians are not in rapturcs with the English laws of arrest, and be less a- * « Justice and Policy of the Quebce London, 1774.| Act approved.\u201d mazed at the obstinate prejudice they entertain for their own laws and customs.\u201d These \u201c sutders\u201d and *¢ Indian traders\u201d then were the chief materials {or the formation of an aiistocracy, introduced after the cession of Canada in 1763.The process by which the destruction of the French aristocracy was cfiected, is thus described by a Canadian writer :\u2014 'Pfie English introduced among the population a spirit of traffic; thy taught them to appreciate the uuvantages of individual wealth, and to feel that a man might be of importance although not descended from a noble race.The English traders spread themselves over the country, bartered and traflicked with the inhabitants; introduc ing new articles of luxury, and creating a demand for the various productions of the country.The bourgeois, or ignobie inhabitants of the town, caught the spirit ; laboured, and laboured successfully, to accumulate wealth for themselves, \u2014and being a frugal and prudent race, they quickly found themselves possessed of fortunes more than sufficient to cnable them to cope with the brokendown noblesse around them.\"They, therefore,began immediately 10 compete with this fading generation, both in political and social life.\u201d° The result of deprivation ol office, united with the competition of the bour- geoisic, may easily be conceived.The new men hecame wealthy and powerful, whilst the noblesse, who disdained traffic, became miserably poor.Another cause ofthe decay of the ancienne noblesse was their neglect of the education of their children, whilst the bourgeoisie, having themselves acquired riches, sought out for the means of imparting instruction to their children ; * by means of the seminaries of the province, their children received a fair and useful education, by, and of, the priesthood,\u2014and were thus enabled to surpass their noble competitors in knowledge, as tiveir fathers had befure surpassed them in wealth,\u201d In this manner the ouly body of men bearing any the smnllest rosemblance to old-country aristocracies was completely and for ever swept away, and the authors of the Constitutional Act thus deprived of the means of realizing their golden anticipations.To the \u2018 suttlers\u201d and * Indian traders,\u201d described in the first extract, and the enriched bourgeoisie, described in the second, another cluss of a- terigls for a pseudv-aristocracy must be added, consisting of the banished officials and other \u201cloyalists,\u201d us they delighted to call themselves, Irom the Old Colonies, after the declaration of independence in 1776.These persons, having by their re- presentat.ons been the chief instigators of the obnoxious mensures adupted by the mother country with a view to coerce the United Colonies, were, of course, compelled to seek their safety in flight, the.no ment the oppressed colonists were driven to open resistance.They very naturally sought an asylum in-the colonies which remained, where, by a continued clamour about their suflerings and loyalty, by a claim to compensation for the losses which they were supposed to havesustained,and a reward for their udherence to the *loyal\u201d side in a quarrel which they had reully heen the chief means of generating for their own selfish purposes; they soon sue- ceeded in obtaining a Jarge share of such oflices as became vacant, or were created in the province of Quebec.lu this mau- ner the classes we have mentioned, ditier- ing from each other only in the way in which they were respectively called into existence, united to form a kind of peuy local oligarchy, who shared, with some few scions of the English uristocracy, ucarly all the administrative, judicial and legislative oflices, including the Council of Quebec, established under the ucts of 1774.When the Constitutional Act of 1791 was carried into operation, the Legislative Council was necessarily choren out of the above class ; in fuct, there was no other class out of whichan ** aristocratic branch\u201d of the legisluture could bo chosen: \u2018Fhe Executive Council, a kind of permanent privy-council, to advise the governor, was nothing more than the old Councitof Quebec under a new name.The members of this council had the car ofthe governor; &,ns thoir advice has generally been taken in tbe filling-up of uppointments, as their influence over each succeeding governor has bicen great, they have of course contributed more than any other body to the perpetuation of puwer in the hands of the local vligarchy,\u2014in other words,their own cluss.To detail the manner in which this perpetuation of official power has worked, up to the present day, in both the Cana- das, would require a very large space in- * Sce A Political and Historical Account of Lower Cnnuda.\u201d By a Cuna- dian.Loudon, 1830.Ce \u2014 \u2014\u2014 rm LTT by exhibiting some of the most striking l mischiefs, giving (ie preference to those | for which we have wazrant in parliamen- Aary documents, | In 1833 and 1834, Mr.Hume,td whose exertions in the cause of good colonial government, Canada, e-peciully the Upper : Province, is greatly indebted, moved for he production of certain papers relative to the Legislative Councils of the two pro- ;vinces.These important parers® form \u2018the ground-work of the :some of the works at the head of this article.The Legislative Council of Lower Ca- hada consists of about thirty-five members; of these a very large majority consist of persons belonging tu the official or : bureaucraticparty,usitiscalled in the lower (province.\u2018The minority, * coinciding with the views of the Assembly,\u201d dues \u2018not exeeed five or six persons, who were jintroduced evidently for the purpose of making a show of carrying into cliect the \u2018recommendation of the Canada Commit- Itee of 1528, that popular persons should \u2018be introduced into the Council.Among ithe incmbers of the Council are several lucrative piace-holders.The Chiel-Jus- tice is a member, 50 also are two or three of the judges.These last have not ate tended of late ; but there they are, having the legal right to sit, and ready to attend the moment their presence may be of vital importance to theirclass.Besides these, there are some members of the Executive Council, the Bishop, the Commissioner of Crown Lunds (un alleged delinquent und der suspension.) the Receiver-General, an ex-receiver-general (a proved delinguent,) the Commissioner of the Jesuits?estates, aud some others, The Exceutive Council consists of eight members, six of whom hold office, aud two are legislative Councillors.Bun, as if all this wera not enough to beget a perfect identity of interest between the two Councils, there isa sort of mutual accom- madation in the way of appointing clerks.Two of the members of the Legislative Council are clerks of the Executive Council, whilst two Executive Countillors are clerks of the Legi-lative Council.| In Upper Gaminda thin monataciis siaia of things exists with equal force, but with some few modifications of detail, which it is not necessary to enter into in this place: suffice it to ray, that the oligarchy is of an equally odious character in both pro- vinees, The nest-feathering propensities of these official personnages require now to be exhibited.In Lowér Canada the Chief Justice and his fumily actually swallow up about one-thirtieth part of the whole revenue of the province.We shall nat trouble the reader with any other list from Lower Canada ; suffice it to say, it might be swel ed with the Smiths and the Bowens, and the Coffius, and the Cochrans (one of whom enjoys four or five paid oflices), all well known Colonial names.Among the official persons thus possessed of the governing power, the most perfuet irresponsibility prevails.No delinquency, however atrorious, meets with punishment.The public robber is not merely screened from justice, but the mere fact of a publie necusation is suifi- cient to render the object of it a mark for honours and consideration from his class, The person above named, Felton, was provéd to have procured somo 8000 or 10,000 acres of his lund by fraud and deception, and so clear was the case that it became impossible for the government to screen him, Nevertheless, his compeers regarded him as unfortunate, not criminal.They are, in fact, in open war against society in Canada, and a case of detection excites their sympathy not their condemnation.They regard him as a bond of pickpockets regard a detected fellow, merely ns being ¢ in trouble.\u201d If\u201c they have a feeling at all disadvantageous to the delinquent, it is simitur to that of the Spartan boys.A Sir Jobn Caldwell, some few years since; when Receiver General, got in arrear to the extent of several hundred thousand dollars (the debt amounted in 1835 t0.600,000) ; that he was deficient was long suspected by the Assembly, but he was protected by the Governor,Dalhousie, on the plea that he was not the officer of the Assembly but of the Crown ; and, therefore, the Assem- Ely had nothing to do with the matter.At length there was not money to pay some small warrant, slthough there ought to have been more than £100,000 in the chest; hence an raposé was necessary.Tho Assembly now rominded the Guvernor of his plea: \u201cHe isthe officer of the Crown,\u201d said * See Sessional Papers, No.433, 25th June, 1833, and Nu.149, 24th March, tdeed ; we shall therefore content oureelves they, © statements! rwhich we are about to make, aided by! therefore the Crown must bear tho loss,\u201d but the argument was hot intended ito cut two ways.The people have never had redress.In most cases wherc a delinquent ofii- cial is to be screened from punishment the local cligirchy has the support of the Colonia! Office, but the cases are numerous in which protection has been extended to à delinquent or obnoxious oficial even by tho Goveriior himself, in direct opposition to 1h3 Coloniii Office.\"I'he fuilow- ing is a most striking case :\u2014 In 1831, the Governor, Lord Aylmer, appointed, ns puisné Judge, n° person named Gale, who had rendered himself extremely obnoxious to the people of Canada as the violent partizan of Lord Dalhousie.The second petition complains * that the sacred character of justice had been polluted in its source br the appointing to thè high office of Judge of the King's Bench for the district of Montreal, a violent and decided pardzan of the administration of the Earl of Dathousie, and the declared enemy of the laws he is sworn lo administer.\u201d This Gale came to England in 1827, and gave evidence marked by such bitter animosity towards the people of Canada.that it was generally understood a mark was set against his name at the Colonial Ofiice.\"This, at all events; is certain, that Mr.Rice; when Colonial Minister, refused to allow the appointment.Now let the reader mark the conduct of Lord Aylmer, backed by the whole official \u2018class.The official dispatch of Mr.Rice was sent to Lord Aylracr jast before tho Whigs went out of office.It was forwarded by the Post-oflice packet from Fal- mouth.The news of the Tories being again in power went out by the New York packet.Now it so happens that the government conveyance is usually some ihree weeks behind the New York packet- ships;\u2014it would be undignified on the part of a government packet to emulate the hurry of a vulgar trader.lence, at the time Lord Aylmer received Mr.Rice's connuuands, it is mors than probable that he wus aware of the chonge of ministry, and the wily Lord hesitated not ta disobey the orders of his fallen master.Lord Aberdeen of course approved of the above conduct, and Mr.Gale contiuued to enjoy the office.When the Whigs again came into power the Colonists began to felicitate themselves with the idea that Me.Rice's dispatch would be at once fulfilled.But they were doomed to be disappointed : the government, with what appears to us an unaccountable want of diguily, remained quiescent, mid the obnoxious judge is still upon the bench.We «hall not at this moment distract the reader by continuing an chutnéretfon of the méñifold acts of insolence of which tic oflicials are constantly guiliy,nat merely towards the people of Canada, but towards the Imperial Government; but shall proceed to the consideration of the most potent evil springing out of the -lo~ gislative power possessed by this party.The Legislative Council\u2014the mimic House of Lords\u2014the Canadian second Legistative Chamber, is, as we have seen, composed almost entirely ot the olficiat party, without the most indirect or remote responsibilit§ to the people, and having but small sympathy with them.\u2018I'he Assembly, on the other hand, is the people\u2019s house, not merely nominally, but substan tinlly,representing the masses by a suffrage really and practically unwersal.This franchisé is conferred by the posse ssion of a forty-shilling freehold, and where one hundred acres of landcan be had in the svigneuries by asking for if, and in the iownships for an instalment of five pounds, no man of full age need be without the tranchiso.The consequence of this extensive suffrage, united with the social equality of the people, is that the Assembly of Lower Canada is essentially a democratic body\u2014more so, perhaps, than any one of the representative Houses of the imdividunl States of the Union.Can a house so constituted possibly agree with a Logislu- tive Council which is merely the stronghold of a band of irresponsible officials?Evidently ot.\"There must he perpetual disagreement between the two branches cf the Canadian legislature, And how does this disagreement between the Council and tlie Assembly make itself nranifest ?In the same way that disagreement occasionally rears its head between the Commons and the L:zds of this, the mother country\u2014Dby the rejection: by the Council of measures which have been passed by the Assembly in obedicnco to the wishes of the people.The pamphlet entitled \u2018¢ The Last Session ofthe Provincial Parliament of Lower Canada,\u201d which we fave placed the filth on our list, exhibits a frightful ex-_ amplo of the * obstructive\u201d character of | 1834.| (Conttaucd on Fourth Pages) uns Am omens .messe 2 STE CE CANADA POLITICS.Cavans.\u2014Mectings of n very exciting md revolutionary character continue to be held, netwithstunding the Proclammntion of the Guv- crnor ; an} there is every prospect of nn in- 8 irrection, unless the British go-ernment succumb nnd ailow to the Cunadians what they n-k\u2014an Elective Council \u2014the manuge- went of their own revenues, and magistrates responsible to the legislature, A determination has heen expressed to resist to the last, and we do not think thatthe Canadians will be Likely to waver, knowing that thousands will Jase over lo their assistance from the United States the momeat that the standard of revolt is raised.Revolution is the order of the doy.~- Now Orleans Commerci-id Herald.ThoCanadians are lo id in their appasition to the Whig Ministry ol Enland,and more especially Lord John Russell, whom they charge with having dishonored his name.M.Papineau seems to be the observed of all observers, and isescorted by calvaleedes of horsemen wherever he moves.If there be any thing in indications of popular sentiment, the time is not far distant when the British crown will be foreed to abandon its Canadian posses.! sions or assert its rights by force of arms.Late events look so much like revolution or rebellion, that nothing shozt of the argument of Kings will le able to solve the ditticulty.\u2014Balitmore Patriot.Tue Dirrerexee.\u2014The Canadian.Tiberal papers show that the Governors of Upper and Lower Canada, and the frovernors of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, receive among them salaries amounting to a total of nearly $100,000 \u2014 While the Governors of fieenty one of the States of this Confederacy receive but about \u2018551,000 \u2014or little more than half 14e pay of those four British Colonial! Governors ! Yet, there are some presses in this Republic\u2014calling themselves JFhig presses!\u2014that cannot imagine any causes why the Canadians should wish to frec themselves from the British yoke ! We must say in frankness that the \u201cNew York Express\u201d pursues towards the Canadians a course remarkable for its liberality when contrasted with that of the generality of its whig collaboraters.\u2014 Rochester Advertiser.Caxapa.\u2014From all the signs of the times\u2014from the preparatisns obviously made, as well as from the tone of public feeling\u2014we should not be surprised to find the Republican standard erected in Lower Canada, if not the Upper Province, before next January.Certainly, things cannot long remain as they are in the Lower Province.The long winter which would cut offthe facilities for the operations of the British troops, and prevent them from receiving auxiliaries from Europe, presents the opportunity which will probably be seized by the Patriots for commencing the good work in which we heartily cry Gov speep THEM.\u20141b, Lower Caxapa\u2014oresise or ris Leo- ISLATURE \u2014VW'a linens Quel topes urine lst, containing the Speech of His Excellency Lord Gosford at the opening of the Lagisln- lire.As was generally expected, the Speech shows thet this extraordinary Session bas been called by orders from the Colomal Office, to alfrd'the House of Assembly an up- portunity of voting the supplies, before Lord Russell's Resolutiong are carried into effect : or as some of the Tory papers have it\u2014of showing that they have become sane men, We sincerely lope that for their own honour, and for the general good of these Colonies, the Assembly of Lower Cunada will not separate until they have given their oppressors a con- vineing proof that they appreciate the rights und privileyes of freemen\u2014and that they will not tamely submit to the unconstitutional robbery with which they ure threatened, to be enforced at the point of the bayunet,\u2014 Pictou Ce.Lower Canada agitation still makes pro- ftress, \u2014mceelings in several quarters, effigy burnings, dismissals of Militia officers and Magistrates, non-ronsumption of dutiables, &c.&e.We trust that the news of the steps taken at home, like oil on the troubled waters, will allay this ferment.* « od Several meetings in favour of the Anti- Coerciunists of Luwer Canada ere in progress in Upper Canada.One was held in \u2018Toronto on the 23th of July.Delegates were appointed for the Lower Province, and Rules passed for the organization of the Reformers of Upper Cunndu as a political union.An adjourned meeting was also held at Toronto on the 31st, in which the nun-consumption principle was fully supported, on the ground, that the social controct was broken by the government in appropriating the money of the people contrary to the constitution,\u201d and that the people were thus released from their engagement, and had no longer any right to contribute to the revenue.In pursuance of the numerous resolutions respecting the non-consumption of dutiuble articles, Mr.Papineau and some of his ud- herents of the House of Assembly, appeared in publie, hubited in home made cloth; drugget, blue striped, cont, vest, and trowsers, is the unifurm, The llerald exclaims a- mainst this, ns only going half-the-hog, be- bause imported indigo is used in the dye, and calls on the Speaker and his friends to doff[f the blue und mount the hodde simplicity.The Vindicator keeps busy contradicting what it calls the lies vf the other party,\u2014and whut certainly appears not to be true, whut- ever shade of misconception or falsehood should he attached to them.In a late number it quotes the (abrications, and gives distinct denials, keeping tally like a wharfinger, with, here goes une, here goes two, here gues three,\u2014as cach is introduced, and gets aquie - tus, \u2018This feature, which we huve often had occasion to notice, is n very bad ane; and seems lo particularly infest some communities, while others are frec from it, Woe recollect no instances, in which gross nnd continued misrepresentations, defiled political warfare in Nove ®cotin or New Brunswick.The Picsses which encourage such u mode, do much to destroy the legitimate use and power of tie Press, \u2014setting the moral turpi- 1 gray in all its THE VINDICATOR.MOTT AR: Faiday Evening, Sept.22, 1827 ! FALL.CNPTED WE STAND\u2014DIVIDED WE Latest Dates London.August 16 Liverpool.August] Huvre\u2026Avugust IV New Yorkea.Sopt, 19 _\u2014 704 New York papers of \u2018Luesday are without later dates from Europe.A vessel has arrived at Boston from St.Ubes, whence she sailed on the 20th Auguste, which brings the not unexpected intelli: gence that a civil war has broken out in Portugal.Skirmishes were taking place between portions of the military, which had resulted in bloodshed and loss of life ; a great portion of the populace and military were dissatisfied with the Constitution and administration of the government, and were determined to bring about an alteration of both for the better by force, To this end Gen.SauD4nita, (one of the oldest Generals in the Portuguese service) was marching with a large force upon Lisbon, not however to depose the Queen, as all parties wer2 in her favor.In consequence of this state of afluirs, martial law had bten proclaimed throughout the country.The plague has broken out in the upper Provinces of Bengal.It is said that the Queen of England is disposed to marry Lord Elphistone.He is at present abroad but will probably be called home.Moxor To our PaTnrioTic Lapies.\u2014A party of two hundred and fifty ladies, belonging to the parish of St.Antoine, celebrated, on Thursday, the 10th inst.their love of country and their patriotisin, by a public dinner, from which every imporled article was rigidly excluded.Various patriotic toasts, appropriate to the spirit of the times, were proposed.A guard of honor, composed of forty men belonging to the parish, was in attendance with their muskets, and occasionally complimented the fair party by firinga feu de joie.Su far from being frightened by the smell of powder, or the roar of musketry, many of the ladies, to prove that they can acl in case of need, took the muskets and discharged them with the moct admiiclilo tact und courage.When the women of Canada are display ing such patriotism, it is not very probable the men will be backward when the day of trial comes.A loafer named Price, who wrote for the Montreal Gazette in 1827, and who edited that weighly paper, the mi du Peuple, in 1833, is writing away, high pressure, in some of the New-York pu- pers, against Mr.Pariseau.These letters will, no doubt, appear hore in due course in the Tory papers, when our readers will be able themselves to judge of their \u201c heft.\u201d A correspondent in last night's Minerve states that the moment Lord Gusrorn's celebrated plece of silliness was attempted to be read at St.Damase, it was torn to pieces.\u2018he word \u2018¢ Proclamition\u201d was scarcely pronounced, when the rag was in a thousand fragments, 077 It will Le seen by reference to the proceeding of the Permanent und Central Committee, that the transmission of the Pe tition from this quarter in favor of Free Trade, has been deferred until the regular Session of December.i \u2014 \u2014\u2014\u2014 The Herald wishes the Vinbicaron to inform it who wrote the letters purporting to be CU THE VIND .1 Turek Men Suort By an Urrer CaNA- pA SHERIFF, Horniner.\u2014We learn from the Kingston Herald thet a colored man having been lute- ly arrested et Niagara, U, C.at the instance of some persons from the South, on what is supposed ta be tramped-up charge of horse- stealing, contrived to shake off his irons and to make his estape.Several colored people, present when he made his escape, gave three cheers on secing him run away, without making the leust atiempt to rescue him.The Sheritf of Niagara, without more ado, ordered his men to (ire on the by-standers, and after the affray was over, horrible to relate ! three colored men were found to have been shot dead on the ground, and others wounded.So much for the freedom enjoyed under Sir Faaxas Heap\u2019s administration.People cannot even cheer in the streets without being shot by cue of his Sherills ! O'CTOXSELL THE FRIEND OF CANADA\u2014 We conuncace in this day's paper the pub- fication of n long and interesting article en- tied * Zhe Canadian question,\u201d from 1he July No.of the Dublin Review.We hope to conclude the article in our next.Our readers ure already aware, no doulnt, thatthe Dublin Review was started last year, by Mr.O'UONNELL, to detenid the Irish character from the assaults of its enemies.It is gratifying to reflect that it is at the same time the powerful advocate of Canndian liberty Ireland and Cmada are sisters in misfortune, It is only natural that they should interest the same cluss of friends in their defence.The Montreal Haz tle states, \u201con the best possible authority,\u201d that Mr.Jamteson's appointment as Vice-Chancellor, and Messrs.McLean's and Joxks\u2019, as Judges of the Kings Bench, have been confirmed by Down- ing-Street.\"The same paper adds, that it has ¢ the best reasons for believing that Mr.MAGERMANS appointment as Atturney-Gene- ral has received the Hwyal\u2014that is Lord GLRNELG's\u2014Sanction \u201clong ere this.\u201d MoxTirean Markers.\u2014 Ashes are looking up.The general quotation is 25s.9d.thought some holders demand 206s.Punsaxest ann Cestral.COMMITTEE OF TUE Ciry AND CuusTY OF QuEstc.A meeting was held on Sunday last at St.Rochs, tonne a Permanent Committee for the City and County of Quebce.The meeting, we understand from the Liberal, was numerous aud respectable.Mr.Besskrer, M.D.P,, presided & a Committee was appointed according'y.From the Iubours of the gentlemen numed we augur much goud to the A i \\ Li PERMANENT AND CENTRAL Cb TTEE \u201cor tue This Committee met yesterday, ns usual, Captain Davin, of Sault aux Recallects, prè- sided.The proceedings of the last Meeting having been read, the Sceretary communicated to the Committee the Resolutions passed by the electors of tle: County of L'Aca- dic on the 10th instant ; also the Resolutions passed by the inhabitants of St, Ignace, Cot au du Lae, St, Polycarpe, and New Longueuil, in the County of Vau- dreuil, which were duly read, aud ordered to be published.[We shall give them au early insertion.) After which were reud thu following letters : Capl.Marchesseau to Mr.Walcotl.St.Antoine, 21st Aug.1837.Sir,\u2014In reply 10 your letter of the 8th inst.I have toinform you thut 1 presided at the meeting of theCounty of Verchèrez which took place on the Hith May lost.Every British subject has a right to meet, to watch over his cights and intere:ts, each time that necessity requires.} have the honor to be, &e.Avi.MARCIESSEAU.S.Warcorr, Es.Civil Secretary.Emery Feré, Esq.J.P., and Commis- stoner of Small Causes, to the Civil Secretary, throwing up his Commission.St, Eustache, 21st Aug.1837.Six,\u2014I have received your letter of ihe 10th, in reply 10 which 1 have the honor to inform you that | have no justification Lo offer His lixeellency, for having been present at a meeting holden at St.Scholustique on from Captain Juskrr Henert, Capt.Dozois, and Lieut.Merizzs, lately published in this paper.We presume they were written by: the gentlemen who signed them.For further information, we refer the [Herald to Mr} WaLcoTT, in whose possession uro the orie ginals of the letters about which itis so cu rious.Coxaness is engaged in thé discussion of bills presented to authorize the U.S.Government to issue Treasury notes, and to withhold the payment of the 41hinstalment of the surplus Revonue to the several States.Mir.WriouT has introduced a Bill into theSe- nate to revoke the charter of such of the Banks in the District of Columbia as shall not resume specie payments for their notes \u2018| under $10 within sixty days, and fur ull oth.\" ers in six months, | Tug £142,000 comimxe.\u2014Tho N.Y.Courier Je Enquirer of Monday states that : an officer from-the Commissariat Department ol Canada has arrived in that city for tho purpose of obtaining the necessary funds to pay the salaries in this Province ny the sale tude out of the quostion.\u2014 Halifuz Telegraph.of Drafison the British Government, at 30 days sight.le ti shout 10 participate in the lot of so many o- | PLP, of St.Martin, seconded by Lieut.C, , ** service,\u201d! under\u2019 a Governor so deservedly the Ist June lust, but as | ses that J am thers of my compatriots, I shall endeavour tv anticipate His l£xcellency by requesting him most respectfully to order ny nume to be erased from the list of Mugistrates as well as from that of the Commissioners of Small Causes.1 have the honor to be, &c.EMERY FERE., Ss ArcorT, Esq COUNTY OF MONTREAL: N 4 FRN ICAT OR.On motion of Ilaymown Pressis BELA, Esq.of Montreal, scconded by Mr.Narcisse Ronenar, of Pointe Claire, Resolved, 2.That the dismissal from Her Majesty's service of Major F.M.Chevalier de Lorimier, is not only un act of injustice, but ot gross ingratitude on the part of the ud- ministration, 1st, inusmueh as Major de Lori- mier wasnot present, as alleged in Mr.Sec.Walcoits letter, at the meeting of St.Laurent on the l5thMay last,for which fulsely alleged uttendunce he is now unjustiy deprived of his Commission; 2ud, inasmuch ns Mr.de Lorimier deserved other and better treatment from the Briush Government, for bis very long and honorable survices in the last war against the United States, for which services the said Conunission wus the only compensation.On motion of Mr.Emigxxe Manny, of St.Laurent, seconded by Mr.Leos La- rierne, of Pointe aux Trembles, Resolved, 3.That this injustice on the part of the administration towards Major De- Lrimier, and those who like him have served during the last war, to preserve Ub Great Britain a resting place on this American Coutinent tends to destroy more&more allcon- fidence in the Briti