Congress bulletin, 1 avril 1946, Avril

[" \\\\ à ongress Bulletin Vol.3 No.6 MONTREAL, CANADA Youth Active in Collection Toronto Jewish Youth Council members are seen sorting and packing clothes for overseas relief under a nation wide collection sponsored by the Canadian Jewish Congress.Left to right, Bess Davis, Phil Bloom, and Art Rose.Mr.Alexson of the clothing Depot Staff is standing in the background.Jewry i in Canada Helped Breth ren \u201cAr oY - Special Ar ticles: by: 7 * Monty Berger on .Rehabilitation \u2014 Page 4 * E.A.Collard The Old Joseph Home \u2014 Page 6 * David Rome Whe Was the First - Jew in Canada.\u2014 Page 7 * I.J.Segal The Cultural Aspects of Community Work \u2014 Page 9 * Louis Benjamin on > Jews and French Canadians \u2014 Page 10 * Rabbi A.Prero on The Spirit of Polish Jewry \u2014 Page 11 ganization.Among the communi- participated were Regina, Medi- raised $12,600.The Jews of Canada have helped to enable Jews in concent w- tion camps in Germany and the emerging Jewish communities in Poland to observe the Passover fro eG gress.Nearly $100,000 has been raised in Canada through this project, $65,000 of this having come from Montreal where 200 organized groups participated in the collection.The leadership was taken by the Federation of Rumanian Jews in Canada and the Federations of Polish, Ukrainian, Lithuanian and Russian Jews.Practically all synagogues, benefit groups, landsmanshaften, Zionist organizations and social and philanthropic groups partiei- pated.The pupils of all Jewish schools also took part in the project.Many communities throughout Quebec and the Maritimes transmitted their contributions.The Montreal campaign was held | under the auspices of the Central People\u2019s Relief Committee which is a federation of all popular Jewish organizations in the community and devotes itself to increasing the relief activities of Canadian Jewry.In Toronto the Mo\u2019ess Chittin collection was sponsored by the United Jewish Relief Conference and reached very wide sections of the Jewish community.Ontario receipts totalled $15,000.In western Canada the Mo\u2019ess Chittin project was conducted jointly by the Canadian Jewish Congress and the Mizrachi Orties outside Winnipeg which cine Hat, Kenora, Sask., and Hirsch, Sask.Winnipeg Jewish organizations of all types participated in the project, which Embark Upon Canada 7 nH Frid MONTREAL \u2014 J.Irving Oel- baum of Toronto, national chairman of the Joint Public Relations Committee of the Canadian Jewish Congress and of the B'nai B'rith, reported at a meeting here that the committee has embarked upon a program of education to solidify the spirit of national unity in the dominion.- He stated that the decade of Nazi propaganda has left scars and divisions in the minds of many Canadians.Race hatred and group prejudice have not been destroyed with the military victory over Fascism, he said.It is a proper activity of the Jewish community of Canada, which has contributed so greatly to the national war effort, to continue the battle.of democracy in these days of peace and reconversion.He announced that A.H.J.Zatt- lin, a veteran of the RCAF, is assisting the committee in the field of labour education.Mr.Zaitlin is a graduate of McGill University and practiced law in Montreal before enlisting in the RCAF.He had been active on | Congress committees before the war.During his years of service he was legal officer of the RCAF in eastern and western Canada and later head of the Courts of Inquiry Branch at Air Force Headquarters.The programs which the Canadian Jewish Congress has been conducting for sometime in the fields of education and in the press are being stepped up, Mr.Oelbaum said.Clothes Coliecti Toronto Centre Reports 20 Tons TORONTO \u2014 \u201cApproximately twenty tons of clothing has been received at the Central Division depot, 53 Baldwin Street,\u201d declared Oscar Cohen, executive director of the Canadian Jewish Congress in Ontario, in reporting on the current campaign to raise clothing for overseas Jewish war victims.\u201cThere is a keen desire on the part of every member of the community as well as every organization to do everything possible to alleviate the sufferings of European Jewry,\u201d he continued.\u201cAll organizations are APRIL, 1948 Successful Reports Pouring In: on Under Way BE JE I Interest Evoked By Announcement MONTREAL\u2014 The announcement that the Canadian Jewish Congress will accept serviceable used clothing in good condition for shipment to Jews overseas has evoked enthusiasm and support in the Jewish community of the entire country.The quota of 100,000 garments which has been allowed to the Congress is being approached as each community and organization is taking advantage of this project to assist fellow Jews overseas.In Montreal the United Jewish Relief Agencies committee under the chairmanship of Monroe Ab- successful the head of the womén\u2019g di an appeal to women\u2019s orga lection.ph OF Jing 35d in the tions are invited.In Montreal the National the French underground.two cases of medical supplies shipment possible.Across Country Reports: The collection of medicaments, clothing and other supplies which is being conducted in this country by various organizations and is being co-ordinated by the Canadian Jewish Cohgress is soliciting a warm response.The Canadian chapters of the National Council of Jewish Women have been very in securing valuable supplies.The section of the Council has shipped 46 cases of supplies.In Toronto the National Council of Jewish \u201cWomen collected 46 cartons of drugs for this preject.Mrs.H.M.Poe Ir ion.of the Congo ag 9 ations to participate in .Her appeal emphasizes the need of children and | go verseär tea and.shower \u201cis being: planned, 5, icra sl Ll Hou Taémbers of wonién\u2019s.A undertaken the collection of wearing apparel, household linen, medicines and toys for 1200 Jewish war orphans saved by The Saskatoon chapter of the Council has already sent The Calgary chapter has sent 16 cartons of drugs The Hamilton chapter has sent 15 carteons of supplies.Each shipment to Europe contains a card indicating the name of the Canadian citizen or organization which made the Edmonton Council of Jewish Women has for Jews overseas.whole-heartedly participating in the clothing collection.Many organizations have established clothing depots for their own membership and are sending truck loads of clothing to the Congress.In addition to the clothing which is collected through the organizations, the Congress office has developed an efficient pickup service.In the past six weeks over five hundred pickups were made as a result of telephone call received at the office.\u201cWe are interested in obtaining warm serviceable clothing,\u201d added Mr.Cohen, \u201c and we have been receiving the cooperation of the clothing contributors to this effect.Organizations are rallying their members to help the clothing collections by special meetings, teas and showers.\u201d On Sunday \u2018the Baldwin Street depot is a scene of beehive.like activity with numerous volunteers sorting and packing eloth- ing for overseas relief.To date clothing has been received from Brantford, Brock- ville, Chatham, Englehart, bey has mobilized the support of every organization in the community.A central depot has been established at the Baron de Hirsch Institute with branches in various schools, synagogue halls, institution offices, etc.Members of the community who wish to have their parcels called: for are given trucking facilities.The clothing shipped by the Canadian Jewish Congress after earlier collections has been warmly acknowledged by the Jews in Poland, France, Belgium and Yugoslavia.A special committee composed of representatives of the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, the National Council of Jewish Women, the Central People\u2019s Relief Committee and other groups is coordinating the work.Hamilton, Kingston, Kirkland Lake, Kitchener, Lindsay, North Bay, Orillia, Owen Sound, St.Catharines, Sarnia, Sault Ste.Marie, Stratford, Sudbury, Trenton, Timmins and Windsor.PAS _.AP TA?À = rue wr vga snasitive policy.\u201d Newspapers In Canada Want Immigration Policy Proponents of a new immigration policy for Canada, ranging from the \u201cwide open door\u201d to selective methods, are receiving increasing support in the press of Canada which has in the last few months begun te show itself favorable to immigration.Most newspapers of all shades of opinion concede that the - question should \u201cbe given serious In Quebec City Le Soleil admitted that \u201cCanada cannot always remain a \u2018closed country\u2019, an exclusive homeland for several million men.\u201d The Montreal Gazette spoke on the present \u201cseverely restricted policy\u201d and reasoned: \u201cThe adherence to the present policy would appear to involve a discouraging contraction of Canada\u2019s future.If the present rate of increase is followed, the \u2018population of the country will be- definitely less than 20,000,000 at the close of the century.After that time, with thie increase in the average age of the citizens, it will almost certainly begin to undergo a decline.Instead of a broadening future, which would have its stimulating effects upon the spirit of the present, we would have to content ourselves with a most moderate increase in our own lifetime, and an ultimate recession.\u2019 Ce \u201cWith such a meagre population, we can never flourish\u201d, cried the Prince Rupert, B.C., News in \u2018an editorial which unhesitatingly avowed itself in favor of \u201ca more national immigration In part, the editorial read: \u201cToo long now have we been - narrow-mindedly fearful of some spectre of competition which we conceive might operate in some way to the disadvantage of those of us who are already here if we were to open the gates in a sub- giantial degree to new immigrants.The fact of the matter, \u2018and it has been proven in the past, is that Canada has enjoyed its greatest prosperity when the bars to immigsetion were most highly lifted and our lands were rapidly filling up with new population.It made a chain of activity and industry and business all around and everyone benefitted.\u201cBut there are other aspects to this question of immigration.We have a great, unfilled country here \u2014 a country which has long been envied by the crowded peoples elsewhere in the world some of whom have made efforts jn the great wars to capture our land by force.Had they succeeded in their aims, they would have used this country to better advantage than we have done in the past \u2014 to better advantage than we seem resolved to do \u2014 even today.\u201cAs citizens and families we are urged to share our housing with those people who have none.Possibly we might think of our nation as a great house which Has room and to spare for good people of less fortunate lands who for well justified reasons seek homes in this new world where they would be free to live in liberty and security.Is it not our obligation to share with them, apart from any advantage which we can rely would accrue study and a solution arrived at.through putting our country to more full and fitting use?\u201cPrince Rupert is the central port for one of the most potentially rich hinterlands in all the world.We have natural wealth that is going to waste for simple lack of development.Rich as it is, this area is one of the most sparcely populated in all the world.Right here we have much to gain from an active immigration policy for this Dominjon.With such a meagre population, we can never flourish.\u201cIt is not just speaking idle words when we say this area needs more population and a more positive national immigration policy.\u201d.Immigrants Succeed The St.John, N.B., Telegraph Journal spoke of the success of new immigrants: - \u201cIn Czechoslovakia the Bata family had a tremendous shoe factory.When Hitler moved in, young Thomas Bata moved out with several of his key executives.In a broken-down village in Ontario, he took over an-idlé ill, and was soon mass-produe- ith hoes, Now the village is a bustling centre, its population multiplied.One of the most promising industries in another Ontario town makes chinaware, and employs upwards of 100 persons.It was founded by 2 refugee.Another refugee started a thriving glove plant in Quebec, a group of refugees founded the diamond cutting industry in Toronto.We might have been able to get these industries for New Brunswick if we had sought to attract the people.\u201d Keynote of the revived interest across the Dominion can be taken from a leading editorial in the Kitchener, Ont., Record, entitled \u201cImmigration Policy Needed\u201d and which explained: \u201cThe theory that we can achieve prosperity tn Canada by shutting out the rest of the world has some obvious defects.Because of our small population we have been unable to provide many of our ablest young people who graduate from our universities with an opportunity comparable with that offered in the United States.As a result there has been a steady drain of Canadians to the United States.It has Leen estimated that ten per cent of our college graduates have emigrated to the United States.A Large Population \u201cWith a larger population, Canada would be in a better position to provide its able young citizens \u2018with opportunities at home which would help to stem this\u201c drain.À larger population would likewise increase the opportunities of all Canadians and everybody would be much better off.\u201cIt is a common complaint Montreal Rotary Club): Own Opinions On Immigration Government officials, prominent business-men and journalists have been pleading for a new immigration policy in speeches before various organizations, according to press reports.Among the speakers on the subject.are: Gladstone Murray (before the St.Andrew\u2019s Society, Toronto): Canadians cannot remain guardians of a vast but nearly uninhabited domain, They must cease regarding themselves as such and accept immigrants.J.S.McGowan, director of the department of colonization and agriculture, Canadian National Railways, (before the Canadian Conference of Business Newsg- papers Editors at Montreal) : This country of ours cannot develop and progress as it should without more people.Tk< admission of people, far from creating problems for us, would increase our prosperity and assist in our future development.I believe that Canada must adopt a positive policy on immigration.We must ' realize that the admission of new people will help us and will provide new opportunities for our own people.J.8S.Duncan, president of Massey-Harris Ltd, (before the An intelligently planned immigration policy - would help to ,sustain | Canada\u2019s economic position, I advocate immigration because notwithstanding the measures which should, and no doubt will, be taken to expand our export trade, it is not going to be easy for us in this impoverished world to find an outlet for our products in sufficient volume to maintain the national income which we consider essential.John A.Fisher, journalist (in an address at Ottawa): I do not understand why we should not understand one another and make Canada an international power.We are disposed to receive all immigrants who want to make Canada their future homeland.Federal Minister of Agriculture J.G.Gardiner (before the Regina Young Men\u2019s Board of Trade): The time is drawing near when Canada will have had her last chance to accept a vast increase of population in a peaceful manner.Western Canada needs another 6,000,000 people to utilize natural resources available for development.The answer to the question of shipping foodstuff 4,000 miles to get to a market of millions of people is to bring the people to the food.among industrialists that \u201cwe haven*t got the population in Canada to provide a home market for production on a large scale; consequently we must have foreign markets for our surplus products.\u201d Another complaint is that we have too many governments in Canada for the size of the population, and that we are proportionately overtaxed to maintain these needless public services.\u201d Page 2 CONGRESS BULLETIN APRIL, 1946 \u201c IMMIGRATION © ° IMMIGRATION Canadians Voice Accent In Both Houses Points To New Policy While the press of Canada in recent months was pronouncing itself more definitely on the question of immigration, legislators in both the Upper and Lower Houses of the Dominion were acting similarly, with the accen: pointing decidedly in faver of a new policy.Before the Christmas prorogation members of the Heuse of Commons gave quick suppor: te a suggestion by Lt.Cel.David Croll (Liberal-Toronto Spadina) that a Parliamentary committee consider a plan of selected immigration to help populate Canada\u2019s brod and sparsely settled acres.In the Senate, Senator A.W.Roebuck headed the speaking campaign among the Canadian patricians.Warned the Ontario Liberal serator: \u201cCanada faces the alternatives of using her vast spaces and resources or eventually losing them \u201cIt would be good business for Canada to again adopt a vigorous immigration policy,\u201d the Canadian Senate was told by Senator T.A.Crerar (P.C.- Manitoba) who was speaking in suppert of a motion authorizing the Standing Committee on Immigration and Laber to study existing immigration laws and report its findings te the Upper House.The former Federal Minister of Mines and Resources stated that \u201cto my mind the more important reason in favor of immigration is what I might describe as a moral \u201c reason.\u201d Senator Crerar asserted that \u201cif this country adopted what I would consider a sound policy in regard to the resumption of immigration, we could have + literally millions of the best eople in Europe come to \u201cthis country.\u201d Earlier in the debate he argued that \u201cthere never was a time in our history when this country was more: prosperous, business more active, and the people had more work to do, than when we were conducting an active immigration policy.\u201d to other people.The whole future of Canada rests on her immigration policy.There are large opportunities for increased employment in agriculture, forestry and mining.\u201cCanada cannot hope to retain indefinitely her 3,500,000 square miles of territory in the exclusive ownership of 12,000,000 people.\u201d During the war, accused Senator Roebuck, \u201cCanada had maintained a heartless policy of the closed door.\u201d He added that there were thousands of families in Canada anxious to care for friends and relatives in Europe.Speaking in support of his suggestion in the House of Commons, Col.Croll said he wondered whether Canada had the right, from a humanitarian viewpoint, to sit on \u201chalf a continent\u201d of land and exclude other people.As a leader among the middle nations, Canada now had world responsibilities.\" Col.Croll attacked the \u201cracial nonsense\u201d which \u201cwe have on our statute books at the present time,\u201d adding that \u2018it is time to get it off the books.Racism is bad whether it comes from Canadians or Germans .It is not our business to emulate them (Nazis at Nurenberg) in any way at all.\u201d In a similar vein Major Leslie Mutch (Liberal-Winnipeg South) said: Canada now was faced with the opportunity of doubling her population within the next 25 years.He was convinced it was not possible to maintain a high standard of living under the condition of settlement in Canada as they existed today.Immigration could not be divorced from expanding export trade and if this was done the government\u2019s goal of high employment and a decent standard of living likely would not be achieved.He had said in 1937 that with 10,000,000 people Canadians could not hope to hold half a continent forever.He believed this still was true.Examples of skilled labor shortage could te found in composing rooms of printing shops and in the cabinet-making trade.In both these trades there were few young men now learning the trade.If the Dominion was to play her part in the world affairs, tomorrow would not be too soon tc start \u2018thinking about the development of the country.High employment and a high standard of living would rot be possible until there was a better balance between the home and foreign markets i ets.ph \u2018Transportation snow was not En problem such as it was in former years when the problem of immigration had to be considered.Canada now had rail and air lines that could get people to the areas where development was possible.He wished to associate himself with members who had protested against racial discrimination -in Canada.\u201cNow that we can turn our eyes inward towards the development of this great country, there is not a single thing which is more important to the economy of Canada or to full employment than that we should have a definite policy of mass immigratoin into the country,\u201d said Col.Cecil Merritt, V.C.(Prog.Cons, Vancouver Burrard).He said the Indians were the first to object to immigrants, but now only the \u201cif and but school\u201d people oppose it.\u201cThere is no one who will get up and say, \u2018I am opposed to immigration,\u2019 \u201d he added.Anthony Hlynka (Social Credit- Edmonton) appealed that \u201cfirst consideration te given to stateless or displaced persons who find themselves today in Europe.Regardless of racial origin, these\u2019 groups of people, should, I believe, have priority over all others.\u201d A stirring appeal for the homeless children of Europe was made by Mrs.Gladys Strum (C.C.F.-Windthorst, Sask.) who declared that \u2018our Canadian homes are waiting to take them ni, Our humanity should be such that we would give these people an affirmative answer and say, \u2018You can come to Canada.We will do at.least this much to make up for the suffering you have gone through: \u201d \u2018 afin Preis 0 Se b Ted conter Outre - mea olin | utes ish À TPES Is d \u201cKL, hater ki Prem sep | sth Prov Hat fies its ota] Jovi * fi ant Li fle Lig oh for § gO ii ee >|, wi ' at Ste \u2018oy be 9 k 5 yt ne h Hayy Lo § they & it be 4, tr te the bgh Sly dt be in ji lt Cag, bod by ely {ly | in tg, 18 ds ig trade I Woe Ting te do play in, ty ry fhe de rd 8 high dot le better ie an b sa 5 former nmi dered rfines dress ssible.jf tested qui | p our velo der dB pp of ent fi fo (ach Var Ce APRIL, 1946 CANADIAN AFFAIRS Education Bill Has Provision For Outremont Jewish Children QUEBEC CITY, QUE\u2014 A provision for the continuation cf the contract between the Qutremont Protestant School Board and the Jewish School Commission of Montreal until July 1, 1947 is.made in Bill No.48 entitled \u201can act to ensure the progress of education\u201d in the Province of Quebec which was passed at the Second Session of the Twenty Second Legislature, Originally the Gov:zriment Lill had\u2019 provided that ths contract ust be renewed for another year regardless of the Protestant Board's consent, but Premier Maurice Duplessis acquiesced to opposition demands, headed by Liberal léhder Adelard Godbout, that as it was worded it was unconstitutional.Expired in 1945 Although the contract expired in 1946 and for a time threatened to leave schoolless this year Jewish children in Outremont, tne contract was continued for an additional year at the request of | Premier Duplessis.The contract was signed Jan.20, 1931.The question had evoked great concern among Jewish parents in Outremont whose cause was im- plies from: Canada io Furope: | inediately taken up by the Canadian Jewish Congress.A Com- raittee on the Education of Jewish Children in Outremont had expressed its approval of the bill.Its chairman, Michael Garber, K.C., had issued the following statement: \u201cWithout going into the merits of some features of Bill 48 to which amendments were sougit, it is generally conceded that Premier Maurice L.Duplessis and Provincial Secretary Omer \u201cLote have, in the words of the Premier, indeed taken a giant step forward\u2019 toward stabilizing school finances throughout the Province.In giving assurances that the government will at all times respect the rights of minorities the Premier was unequivocal in stressing the right of the Jewish children of Outremont not to be disturbed in the continuity of their education in the Protestant Schools.It is a pity that, owing to some squeamishness on the part of some members on the Legislature, Section 30 of the Bill which provides that the contract for the education of the Jewish children of Outrement in the Protestant Schools remain in force until July 1, 1947 was amended to make it subject to the consent of the Protestant Board of School Trustees of Outremont.Of course, no one suggests that the Board should not be asked to give ils consent.However, it would have been preferable if such consent had been given in advance or taken for granted so that the enactment would have been conclusive.without strings attached to it.Education to Continue 3L500.000 Quota MONTREAL \u2014 The quota of 1,500,000 set this year for Canadian Jewry for the work of the United Jewish Relief Agencies will be reached, the national executive of the Canadian Jewish ++ CONGRESS BULLETIN Rabbi J.Eisen Arrives Overseas On Assignment MONTREAL \u2014 Rabbi Jacob Eisen of Edmonton, who was recently demobilized after four vears of service as the first Jewish chaplain in the history of the \u2018R.C.A.F., has arrived in Europe on a relief assignment for the Canadian Jewish Congress.He had recently returned from Great Britain on his first leave in two years.He was presented with a.silver award by Flight Lieutenant S.8.Shulemson, D.S.0., D.F.C., at a function in Montreal spon- Congress was told here by Saul | Haves, executive director.| Over $500,000 hag already been | spent since the beginning of 1946.Ë by the UJR for the relief of of Jewish refugees in Canada: to send relief werkers overseas: to IR purchase, collect: and ship sup- cand for aiding the JDC in its j overseas mliel program.Meeting jointly with the Natl- ional Education Committee of the | Canadian Jewish Congress the meeting also devoted itcell to | problems of Jewish education in | Canada.Lazarus Phillips, K.C., education committee chairman, presented a report on their work Among the decisions made were the granting of financial support ito the Igud (Association of Heb-.| rew Schools in Canada); the mak: ing of special grants towards the publication of the Yidd:sa translation of the Mishna by Dr.S.| Petrushka of Montreal and towards the publication of the i English edition of the book | \u201cJews in Music\u201d by I.M.Rab- | inovitz.\u2019 | Sqdn.Ldr.Bronfman Receives U.S.Award MONTREAL,\u2014 Consul General i North Winship pinned the medal of the American Legion of Merit (Degree of Officer) on Sqdn-Ldr.Gerald Bronfman, RCAF, at a | ceremony in the United States Consulate here.Among those attending the ceremony were: Wing Commander E.F.J.| Charies, D.S.O., Air Vice Mar- | shal and Mrs.De Niverville, C.B., Colonel S.E.Echenberg, O.B.E Lazarus Phillips, K.C., and Mrs.; Phillips, Aime Geoffrion, K.C., \u201cand Mrs.Alfan Bronfman as well as Mrs.Gerald Bronfman.! provided fhe needed funds there | should be no further suggestion of closing the schools to the Jew- | ish pupils.! \u2018In order to allay whatever fears might still be entertained! Jewish parents the Board\u2019 by | should lose no time in making a ! public declaration in addition to Jewish war victims.This money MR was spent for the maintenance Æ Rabbi Eisen sored by Jewish men who have been decorated The gray-haired, soft spoken rabbi is the fourth Congress worker to proceed overseas to help administer the joint overseas relief and rehabilitation program of the Congress and the United Jewish Relief Agencies.While in Europe he will be attached to the American Jewish tJoint Distribution Committee staff.Born in Massachussetts, he came to Canada in 1932 to oc- Page 3 Prepare Special Volume [ Decorated Men Are Told MONTREAL \u2014 A special volume commemorating the exploits of the 175 Canadian Jewish servicemen decorated in this war is presently in preparation by the Canadian Jewish Congress, it was announced here during the course of a unique function at the Shaar Hashomayim Synagogue during which the decorated men played hosts to their former padres.Present were nine rabbis who served | forces went far out of their way M to feed the hungry and to restore sanitary conditions before such @ the American Jewish Joint Dis- cupy the pulpit of Beth Shalom Synagogue of Edmonton, Alta.| Rabbi Eisen has spoken in many synagogues and \u2018churches across | full time and six assisting civilian rabbis.The hosts, = who represent thirty-five Canadian cities, served in the three branches of the services.: One of the major activities of 3|the Jewish chaplains in the British, Canadian and United States forces was the bringing of first aid to the emaciated survivors of German labor and concentration camps, said Chaplain Aryeh Lev, who represented the Office of the Chief Chaplains of the U.S.War Department and who was guest speaker for the occasion.Chaplain Lev disclosed that the chaplains, officers and men in the organization as the UNRRA and tribution Committee arrived on the scene.Special Presentations Special presentations to the chaplains were made by service- | men led by Col.Samuel Echen- berg, O.B.E., E.D., of Sherbrooke, Que., and Flt.Lt.Sydney Simon Shulemson, D.S.0., D.F.C.They presented awards to Major S.Gershon Levi of Montreal, first La Canada and has travelled widely in Europe and the Orient for the International Red Cross.; While overseas he held the rank of squadron leader.Following V-E Day he conducted the first Jewish service in the ruins of the synagogue in Hamburg.Chaplains Honored pd = © - {goo PR \u201cNevertheless, the Premier the informal and private as- made it quite clear that he ex-|surances already given of its pected the consent of the Board readiness to make permanent ar.to be forthcoming.Furthermore.rangements for the education cf past utterances of the Board lead the Jewish children of Outremon to the conclusion that the Jewish on a basis of equality with Pro- children of Outremont will con- testant children and in a spirit of tinue to be received in the Pro- true Canadianism.\u201d : testant Schools.In a statement The committee also formally! \" ; issued by Mr.John F.Roy, chair- expressed appreciation of the | Major S.Gershen Levi, Montreal, (left) first Jewish chaplain raan of the Board of June 7, 1945 courtesy extended by Premier | in the hisiory of the Canadian Army is shown above receiving a he said, \u201cIt is not the intention Duplessis and Provincial Secre- memento (gold cup) from the hands.of Col.Samuel Echenberg, nor has it ever been the intention- tary Omer Cote towards the com- O-B.E., E.D., Sherbrooke, Que.The presentation was made recently of the Board to exclude Jews mittee and the earnestness with|at the Shaar Hashomayim Synagogue, Montreal, where decorated from its schools.Our main prob- Which the representation of the ; Jewish servicemen played hosts to their former padres.In fore- lem is lack of adequate funds.\u2019 committee, both oral and written, ground is Chaplain A.Levi, of the Office of Chief Chaplains of the Now that the government has had beénteceived by them: | United States War Department.: So Jewish chaplain in the history of the Canadian forces and Sqdn.Leader Jacob Eisen of Edmonton, Alta.Warrant Officer Max Bookman, B.E.M., of Ottawa, made the presentation to Major Samuel Cass of Vancouver.Warrant Officer W.B.Feller, B.E.M.presented a gift to Capt.Louis Weintraub of Montreal.A.brother.Sqdn.Ldr.Jack Feller made the presentation to Rabbi Charles Bender of Montreal.Flt.Lt.Lazar Petérs, D.F.C.of Montreal, made the presentation to Rabbi Isaac Bertram Rose of Ottawa, Wing Commander Harry Shapiro, D.F.C.and Bar, made the presentation to Capt.Ephraim Mandelcorn of Montreal, Sqdn.Ldr.Gerald Bronfman, Officer of the U.S.Legion of Merit, made the presentation to Rabbi A.Kelman of Toronto and Lieut.David Lloyd Hart, M.M.,, made the presentation to Rabbi Oscar Fasman of Ottawa.In thanking the Jewish community for its recognition, Major Levi said that the rabbis who served with the Canadian Army and the air force had the largest parishes in the Dominion, \u201cServed In Every Unit\u201d \u201cJewish men served about every unjt end \u2018et every, military post,\u201d said Major Levi.\u201cThey were scattered throughout the far reaches of the Canadian military establishment.The Jewish chaplains had to cover a vast area.Fortunately, we were permitted to cross the lines between the services and air force chap- wu [lains assisted in providing religious services for soldiers and \"| sailors of our faith.\u201d He also paid tribute to the Christian padres for their broad-minded and tolerant attitude in co-operating with the Jewish men in the forces when chaplains were unavailable.Edward E.Gelber of Toronto, vice-chairman of the Religious Welfare Committee of the Canadian Jewish Congress, presided.During the course of his remarks he noted that Sqdn.Ldr.Eisen, who has arrived overseas on a relief assignment for the Canadian Jewish Congress, had written 50,000 letters to the kin of servicemen during his years of service in the R.C.A.F.Chaplains Raised Prestige Mrs.Lazarus Phillips and F.I.Spielman spoke on behalf of Congress.They said that during the years of war the rabbis in the services had raised to new heights the prestige of the synagogue in the Jewish community \u2018and had symbolized the loyalty of the Jewish community to the well-being of the Dominion.The color party and the bugle } rand of the Brigadier Frederick Kisch Branch 97, Quebec, Canadian Legion, B.E.S.L., partici pated in the program under the leadership of E.Neporant, president of the Branch.Cantor Nathan Mendelson chanted a memorial prayer for those who gave their lives for victory.in just oT, »- -a3 1 PR - eds 2 am emai - \u2014- > ERE TE ES RE eee oo a0 = Page 4 VETERANS Putting Off Veteran Seeking Employment Makes His Morale Dwindle, Creates Problem Monty Berger, who served ih the.Intelligence Branch R.C.A.F.overseas, is presently an the editorial staff of the Montreal Gazette and writes on veterans\u2019 affairs.In this issue of the Congress Bulletin appears an article outlining the probiems facing the vet as he enters civvy street.of the Sol Kanee Joins Western Division Major Sol Kaneé, who was recently discharged from the Canadian Army, has been ap- Western Division of the Canadian Jewish Congress.Major Kanee is a native of Melville, Sask., and was practising law there before his enlistment in the army.He 38 now associated with the law office of M.Shinbane, K.C.Mr.Kanee has long been active in the work of the Canadian Jewish Congress and was the Melville representative of the Congress for many years.In 1939 he was delegate to the Fourth Plenary Session of the Canadian Jewish Congress in Toronto and was chairman of the Western Nominations.Committee during the conclave.Upon his discharge he was co-opted to the Dominion Council.He has visited Yorkton, Sask., and Dauphin, Man., in the in- \u201cterests of the Canadian Jewish Congress recently.Shomrim Re-Affirm Support at Meeting MONTREAL \u2014 A re-affirma- tion of their support of \u201cthe positive settlement and immigration\u201d program of the World Zionist Organization and the Palestinian Yishuv was made by Canadian and U.S.delegates to the elev- ~cnth biennial convention of the Hashomer Hatzair held here.Also attending were guests from Palestine and Mexico.Among the subjects covered by conferees were scouting techni- \u2018 ques, \u2018camping, character educa- .tion, Jewish immigration, colonization and land purchase in Palestine.help these-men and, in so doing, Many people, especially the small-sized firms, consider that about ex-servicemen and their them\u2014something merely for far- off government to worry about.Outside of the fact that the government is using a large chunk of the taxpayer\u2019s money on this, which does come pretty close to home, each returned man who does not get back on his feet remains a drain on society, and on each tax-payer\u2019s pocket-book.Thus, the veteran\u2019s problems are not in a separate world of their own but, on the contrary, very much.part and parcel of community life, and of business and profesional life.It\u2019s trite to repeat that the hilarious \u201cwelcome home\u201d is useless if next day the fellow- finds that you haven\u2019t time to see him for a few minutes in your office.Vet Senses It The veteran is quick to sense being put off and, after it happens a few times, his morale dwindles away and a problem deveiops instead.One of the prices an employer must pay for | winning the war is the drain on his time made by these interviews, but no one can exaggerate theireimportance to the returned men.potted.viee-presidentof- the Obviously The employer \u201ccan\u2019t give all or maybe any of these people jobs, but there\u2019s a decent way of turning a man down and possibly giving him solid advice on the way.And, in the course of my work, I've found a number of employers who have picked up valuatle additiofis to their staffs merely through showing this initial courtesy to any veterans who came looking for work.Also, since the majority of Canada\u2019s full-blooded young men were in the forces, it\u2019s reasonable to say that from them will come most of the business leaders of tomorrow \u2014 whether it\u2019s you or your competitor who gives him the break now.After the First Great War, the talk was that a lot of the returned men were utterly useless.Just how true that was doesn\u2019t matter now, but most people agree that very few veteran of this war can be classed that way.Government Program To encourage employers to give the veteran a chance, the government has devised a plan called the \u201ctraining on the job\u201d program.In this way, the employer only has to pay what he figures a new, ingxperienced man is worth to him \u2018at the start and the government will make up tie difference to provide a living wage.It means if an employer will pay about $15 a week, the government will provide the difference to bring the wage up to $25 to $30 a week.This difference is no gift from the government, but really comes -,-It was disclosed that membership in Canafla, Palestine, the | .U.S.A., South Africa, South Am- he can into learning his job as some 400 needy families here: quickly as possible.The portion | A scholarship at McGill Univer- crica and Great Britain totals 35,000.from the veteran himself so that -the employer can usually be sure the veteran is going to put all paid by the government is taken \u2018By MONTY BERGER Although the rehabilitation of most of Canada\u2019s 16,000 Jewish veterans has been proceeding favorably, it is a question \u2018whether Jewish employers are fully aware of the degree to which they can CONGRESS BULLETIN often help themselves.ever-busy owners of medium and all theoretic talk in newspapers problems is something not for from the man\u2019s re-establishment credit, a sum each veteran is entitled to on the basis of his service for use toward reestablishing himself in his home or business.This sum has been particularly handy to veterans going into business for themselves or with partnefs, or establishing a professional parctice.Still another benefit is avail- \u2018able, which many ex-servicemen «have been passing up in starting à firm or practice, and this is called the \u201cawaiting returns\u201d | benefit.This sum, though not very large each month, can be a handy lift in the difficult months of organizing, and it is given as an outright gift to the veteran, payable if necessary each month for a year.Application is made to the nearest office of the Depart- APRIL, 1944 Oldest Jewish Synagogue Moving for Fourth Time | | MONTREAL\u2014Montreal\u2019s oldest synagogue, situated on Stanley Street and home of the Corporation of Spanish and Portuguese Jews, payment is usually made, following investigation, effective from the date of applying.The whole field of re-establish- ment, with all its ramifications, little bit of the ground.The Canadian Jewish Congress has done well in using some of its funds to set up an active and energitic Rehabilitation Committee.ed citizens across the country have pulled much more than their Eut the job still needs many more thinking about it and ment of Veterans Affairs and is as vast as life itself.That is In addition, many sober-mind- cwk weight in tackling the task, ; whose history dates back to 1768, has been sold and a campaign tof raise funds for a new place of worship on land bounded by Maple- wood Ave., Ridgevale Ave., and Lemieux has been launched inf this city.The congregation of \u201cShearith Israel\u201d \u2018will move for the fourth time when they vacate their present synagogue on Stanley.street the British occupation, \u201cShearith Israel\u201d congregation was the first to be formed in Canada, with.10e ; ; most of its members being dées-b hy TY vidual in cadhg next November 1st.They have cendants of ancient Spanish and | ne So JS SOlbeen there \u201c years now but with |portuguese families.- The first À important in covering even a the growth of the city members felt that a new building in a different district would suit their purpose better.synagogue was built at the june- b tion of St, James and Notre Dame § streets in 1777 and in 1835 a new one was built on Chenneville street.The changes in location # of the synagogue reflect the gi dual transformation of Montreal from a small town to a thriving: metropolis.As the city g.ew the synagogue moved unti! aow when Property has already been purchased for the erection of a: new synagogue but it will not be ready- before the congregation has to move.The new building is a project which will run near the thalf million mark to complete.handling it if its ever to be] Organized only five years after wound up successfully.the new site is mar y miles away from St.James street.SYNAGOGUE IN HAMILTON IS DAMAGED BY FIRE HAMILTON \u2014 Damage was caused Ly a fire on the roof of the Jewish Synagogue situated at 126 Cannon St.W.The blaze was attributed to sparks from a nearby chimney.Pythians Appeal Netted $25,000 MONTREAL \u2014Harry Pencer, chairman of the joint Passover project of the Knights of Pythias, Ivanhoe, Syracuse and Royal Albert Lodges, reports that its 1946 program totalling $25,000 for overseas relief, the neeuy here, and the maintenance of community institutions has been successfully completed.Among the beneficiaries have been the Mo\u2019ess Chittin Fund of the Can- CHURCH BECOMES SHUL adian Jewish Congress, the Scientific Library and the Occupational Play Therapy Department of the Children\u2019s Memorial Hospital, the United Palestine Appeal, the Hospital of Hope and the Jewish Public Library.Food hampers were supplied to- sity was set up.of around seventy-five men, women and children, and making up the local Hebrew Congregation, recently purchased the Calvary Church on 3rd \"Avenue East which they plan to maintain as a Synagogue in the future.The building is parctically paid for, The committee of the Congregation which has been in charge of the purchase, and are now in charge of arrangements for the opening, is composed of A.Amsterdam, F.Cadesky, Sam Fishman jand I.Goldénberg.The Congregation hopes to obtain possession of the building either in June or July, by which time it is alsp hoped that arrangements will have been made for a Rabbi te take up permanent .residence in Owen Sound as there are living quarters in connection with the biulding which are considered very suitable.The fifteen families resident in Owen Sound, Ont.consisting ! Jerry ping I herds { ins The nd co tay, a gts the aught à of with Fro fines the Europe stateme fimes | Berit More: gants board were à The fie.lard India + Beil again strate reg fion 1 Hain | {itt td Det pr =F = = = pr ret ms 7 == ty 4.mu} ue Je: impair by Yi; 4 bncheÿ | \u201cSher | ; {he 4 a, ir, ANE fie 3 the icf re Dar ary mer loc: thee None ihr 4K WWE Bs 34] À _ # APRIL, 1946 CONGRESS BULLETIN Page 5 THE PEACE NOT YET WON Problems of Today The country most firmly closed to Jewish immigration is Palestine.Its immigration policy is most open in keeping out Jews.Presumably a British-born Jew, an American Jew or a Canadian Jew would find it harder to -enter the country than would non- Jewish Englishmen, Canadians or Americans.The reason for this is not Hitlerite racism, but simply that Palestine is Eretz Israel.a country entrusted by the League of Nations to Britain to turn into a national Jewish homeland.The Royal! Navy, the R.A.F, radar, police and other resources of the empire are enlisted in the task of keeping Jews out of Palestine Nevertheless thousands of Jews enter, abou: half of them illegally, the other half chargeable to a fantastic accounting system of certificates.Ships with names which are themselves landing certificates\u2014the Berl Katznelson, the Brigadier Wingate, the Tel Hai, the Enze Sereni\u2014bring veterans of partisan fighting and survivors from Dachau.A price is paid for the lives of these rescued Jews.The captains of the vessels are fined; men, women and even children are killed in the clashes at the landing of the \u201cillegal\u201d immigrants, property is destroyed.But Palestine Jews are realis- tis.It \u201cpays\u201d to lose a few lives to save many lives.Palestine Jewry is meeting its test and there is no dearth of volunteers to bring the immigrants to Zion\u2019s shores or to cover the landings.The heroism of chalutzim and shomrim continues today in the field of immigration.: The tide of the sons of Israel returning to their ancient homeland continues.Small vessels are chartered in Turkey, Greece, Italy, and France, and are manned with willing crew or with refugees themselves as crew and put on their way.One vessel recently caught seemed to have no crew because the seamen, if any, mingled with the passengers.From time to time something happens to bring into the headlines the new underground, the Jewish underground, which channels European Jewish survivors to Palestine.Sometimes it is the inept statements of UNRRA\u2019s Lieutenant General F.Morgan.At other times it is'the mouthy boastings of Ben Hecht who plays the Revisionist game of seeking credit for Zionist migration work.More recently, it was the more tragic arrest of '1100 Jewish immigrants from Poland, Russia, France and Denmark, all ready to board ship for Palestine at the Italian port of La Spezia.They were arrested as criminals and were to be kept from Palestine.The Holy Land seethed; representations were made to the authorities.Fifteen of the most respected leaders of Palestine Jewry declared a hunger strike.Palestine assumed the the aspect of a small India where terror and fasting enter forcefully into politics.The British authorities who had shown themselves so often adamgmt against moral or emotional arguments this time chose to demonstrate that Britain is Britain after ill.They announced that the refugees would be admitted chargeable against the next immigration schedule Zionist moderates who at all times held to their faith in Britain found support: after all, differences with Britain are unlike differences with other countries: at times Whitehall listens to protest and prayers and heeds fasts.The Britain of the Balfour Declaration and of the years of Palestine restoration is still here.Jewish refugees are involved in one of the major differences between the great powers: shall displaced persons enjoy the ancient privilege of sanctuary and refuge, or shall they be forced to return to the areas from which they fled or were driven out?Curiously enough, it is Soviet Russia and its satelite powers, many of whose revered present leaders owe their lives to the tradition of hospitality for refugees and political immigrants, which demand that all displaced persons be forcibly returned.The western democracies are firmly resolved not to force anyone in their charge to go where he does not wish( although they are not ready to go so far as to permit him freedom of choice in the matter of a new home).To understand the problem in its perspective, it is necessary to recall that it is not the Jewish displaced persons who are the crux of the issue.After Russia\u2019s expansion westward there have remained outside its sphere thousands of non-Jews who are opposed to Russia or to the new regimes in their homelands.They not only do not want to return; they are militant in their anti- Russian views and claims and in the view of the Soviet authorities constitute a threat to the peace of the U.S.S.R.and to world peace, for they might well become a centre of irredentism and an aid to any fascist movement that may arise.It is these that Russia would -have returned to their homes and hence its championing the principle of the forced return of the displaced.* The Jews are caught by this principle.Those among them who wanted to return to Eastern Europe have long ago been offered facilities.Those who still remain in Germany\u2014and their number is increasing with the return of many from Poland, etc.\u2014do not want to live in their old homes, not so much for political reasons as for peculiarly Jewish motives: their native lands had become the abbatoir of Israel; their neighbours have displayed an anti- Semitism which is frightening even to those whose ancestors have lived in Europe for 1500 years; their one hope of restoration lies in Palestine; their relatives are in the free democracies of United States, Canada, South Africa, Britain and Latin America where they hope to join them.\u2019 Nevertheless, their position is precarious.Russia is most influential in the world today.As an international prohlem, the displaced persons are as much a responsibility of the U.S.S.R.as of others of the United Nations.Germans Playing Different Roles In New Tragedy What is going on in Germany?Even the most superficial reader of the press realizes that there is a new tragedy, a tragedy in which the German play (again?) only the part of inert instruments, a tragedy in the old sense of a clash between two conceptions of what is right.The result: misery, shootings, murders, the reopening of frightful abysses of human degeneration.American soldiers are being called the Gestapo.Germans are given weapons to shoot down Jews.Jews remain confined in camps with new keepers.To obtain some sort of picture of the situation we need only put ourselves for a few moments in the position of.G.I.Joe.He fought a war, he won, he now occupies part of Germany.He found there a number of people : who are not Germans, all away from their homes.He offered them a chance to go back where they came from.They refused.He put them in camps, gave them food, more food than he gives the Germans.They are mixed up in a complex political situation in the Near East.Until that is resolved they appear fated to stay in Germany.But they are unhappy.They cry for more food.They demand that the German people be punished, that Germans\u2019 food be expropriated.They hate the Germans, occasionally get into rows with them.They do not always obey the rules of the military.No wonder there is trouble! That is the viewpoint of the military on the spot, and it is consistent enough.What is wrong with it?Why do not these displaced Jews asquiesce ?Answer Simple The answer is simple enough if you ask one question further back: who are these Jews in Germany?Why are they there?G.I.Joe does not bother with the question; that is natural enough.The Jews in Germany cannot forget it.That, too, is natural enough.But what about the august, serene authorities above them both, the civilian governments of the United Nations?They are still investigating.| In the meantime it is being forgotten by the authorities chat the Jews.in Germany are the mortal enemies of the Germans, that but yesterday these Germans had been murdering literally millions of Jews in this very country, that these Jews are the oldest of Naziism\u2019s enemies, they are comrades in arms of G.I.Joe.But G.I.Joe does not recognize or even know this.Here is sufficient for the making: of tragedy.The existence of this gap is testified to by every authority who has looked with open eyes.Rabbi L.M.Becker, the head of the J.D.C.program in the U.S.Zone, has spoken out about it.A life-long student of Jewish affairs who cannot be named has recently returned from Germany with a report for his colleagues in which he stated that \u201cthe Germans are like a beaten cat lurking the corner, ready to jump again if its chance comes.\u201d The special problems posed by the Jews ly recognized by the higher army authorities but the Iower echelons are annoyed at the consequent break in routine.The Jews feel that their side had conquered the Nazis, that the Germans were beaten in the war, but they see with their own eyes evidence, increasing and more apparent daily, of German arrogance; they.meet the German executioners walking freely along the streets.As the U.S.continues to withdraw its troops increasing authoritv is given to the Germans.Those Germans in their official reports to the U.S.authorities openly lay upon the Jews the tlame for such phenomena as the black markets\u2014a careful repetition of the Nazi calumnies of the days before the war.What the Jews in Germany ask Drive For Funds By Jews In US.Has New Features Campaigns have become a ma- ' jor and persistent feature of Jewish life on this continent.The techniques have become quite routine, the speakers uniform in their efforts to achieve the unique; even the appeals have tensed to a sameness of motif in spite of the difference in purposes for which the monies are raised: philanthropy, Zionism, relief, religious institutions all appeal similarly, as if Jewish life was a monotone.However, a new conception of the meaning and scope of fund raising is apparent in the current United Jewish Appeal in the U.S.For one thing the objective: a hundred million dollars.But a few years ago objectives a quarter the size seemed to frighten some workers who did not estimate the warm heart of Jewry; talk then was of the \u201cpoint of saturation.\u201d European Jews Active European Jews take a more active part in this project, not merely as the passive recipients of this philanthrophy.When the objective was announced Dr.Jacob Rosenaft, one of the leaders of concentration camp Jewry was present, a man who survived years of slavery and concentration camps, and emerged on V-E Day as an inspiration and guide to his fellow-survivors, who held aloft in the midst of unspeakable suffering, degradation and death the immortal banner of Jewish idealism and Jewish eternity.Recently the leaders of \u201cthe United Jewish Appeal met to mark the first anniversary of the liberation of Buchenwald at a lunch of stale bread and watered soup, a new seder with new mat- 20h, new moror and new charos- sess.Non-Jews Help A new feature of the drive is the participation of non-Jews as contributors.Apparently it is not the intention of the UJA leaders to seek any large portion of the necessary funds from Christians.However, the existence of a Christian committee for the UJA and \u201ctoken contributions\u201d running into hundreds of thousands of dollars tend to emphasize that the Jewish tragedy is not the result of Jewish errors but is a wrong done by the entire world to the Jewish people The proceeds of the UJA will be divided among the Joint Dis- { tribution Committee, the United \u201cPalestine Appeal and the Nation- in Germany are reluctant- ! al Refugee Service.for more than anything else is the recognition of their respect and dignity.They are not poorly .dressed, but they yearn for and demand new clothing and changes lof clothing.There is a great longing for a personal life and for being with relatives, even with remote relations.The Jews are no longer in a mood to accept meekly the arrogance and the persecution of the Germans.They know that turning the other cheek will not avert the fury of the Teutons; they know that slinking away will not help them escape the systematic Huns.They who have passed through the ovens of Ber- zen Belseri and the fires of Mai.danek are not afraid of consequences.It is natural, therefore, \u2018among some members Report on Zion Indicates Claim Can*t be I gnored Even before the publication of the Anglo-American Inquiry on Palestine report, Jewish feelings lifted as rumor after rumor told of surprising pro-Jewish interest of the committee.The same rumors told of the efforts of leading members to win over or to suppress those who held such pro- Jewish views.But that was in itself an indication that the Jewish case was not prejudged unfavourably.Rumour then had it that no single report could be agreed upon.The New York Times spilled the beans beforehand by revealing that the report would rip to threads the White Paper (1939) on Palestine and would urge the admission of the 100,000 Jews for whom President Truman had pleaded in the first place.Within a week the official report was published.It confirmed the N.Y.Times story.The substance: 100,000 Jews at once; facilitate the immigration of more later; remove the bans on land purchase and settlement; preclude the domination of either Jews or Arabs in the country; establish Jewish-Arab consultation on the country\u2019s development; work for the eventual self-government of the Holy Land\u2019s population; in the meantime leave the country in British hands until UN trusteeship can be worked out.On one point the commission was silent: why did it recommend that Palestine, singled out among the world\u2019s areas, is to become the home of the 100,000 and the Jater Jewish - immigrants?Presumably it believed - - \u2014though it did not state\u2014that Jews \u2018have a claim on Palestine as they have on no other country.THe recommendation of immigration beyond the 100,000 implies \u2018the admission that the Jewish claim is not exhausted by the entry of this number.How far are the governments of the world, - specifically the UN, - to recognize this claim?Specifically, for whom is the new trusteeship to be instituted in Palestine.For the residents in- the country or for them and the.Jews .outside the Holy Land who may wish to \u2018exercise their claimed rights to go there?If the recommendations of the commission can be carried out given the goodwill of the U.K.and U.S.governments\u2014and \u2018the commissioners apparently believe that in all sincerity\u2014why was this not done before?This could have saved hundreds of thousands of lives.The entire anti-Jewish policy is based on the argument that Jewish immigration and settlement in the Holy Land are not feasible.The commission holds this contrary to its reading of the facts and therefore a tragic error that has already proven very costly to the Jews when they see German armed police again in their camps for them to resist and when they hear rumours, false they may be this time, that the Germans are again kidnapping Jewish children they arise and attack Germans in.busses and on the streets.They have not heard of innocent Germans.They are only surprised that American soldiers herd them back-into their camps.cpm arte « Te < \"* \u2018ish community of hushing up the \u2018still be applauded very vigor- CONGRESS BULLETIN APRIL, 1946 Page 6 Publicity counsel for movie actresses, railroads, soap makers and professional groups learn as their first rule that they must not engage in controversies, criticise publicly any section of the population, make any negative statements and generally must be as innocuous as possible for fear of alienating the goodwill of someone or other.Being of a very contrary nature, we make bold to suggest a contrary rule: if you wish to win the support of people attack their leaders and their spokesmen, Hitler, who knew something of these matters, applied the contrary policy.: For instance, suppose you are a prospective politician or a hopeful movie actress and that you are having difficulty winning anybody\u2019s attention.Here is a good way to win the loud support of, say, the Jews in the community: announce publicly that the Jews are a scapegoat and a football for all people and that they have none to defend them.Tell everybody that the fault lies with the leaders of the Jewish community, that they are not democratic or representative of the community, that they are fearful of their own followers and frightened of their opponents.If you can insinuate that they are probably bought up by the anti-semi- tes this is all to the good.At the same time you can make it clear that these Jewish leaders are supporting the anti-semites for their own personal interests.Never mind the contradictions; thay will never catch up with you because you will talk faster than any _refutation.Accuse the Jew- cireumstances from which they suffer (make sure you use the term \u201chush up\u201d and get the word \u201cappeaser\u201d in, there somewhere).Before you\u2018 are half-way through you will find yourself hailed as a Messiah by people you never knew as Jews and who certainly had never shown any particular interest in the welfare of other Jews.You will be asked to address meetings of Jews and you might even\u201d take the liberty onthe Conary | Ty qu | GHEE (This article in the Montreal Gazette series on local history\u201d deals with the home of an old family of Jewish pioneers.\u2014Ed.) In the mid-Victurian era an air of austere and unified stateliness belonged to the streets of Montreal where lived the wealthy merchants.Some evidence of how Dor- chester.street and Sherbrooke street once appeared lingers in\u2019a few, mansions which have escaped demolition or grotesque alterations.Perhaps few finer specimens of the old era remain than Dilcoosha, the Joseph house, which stands at the northeastern corner of Sherbrooke and Mec- Tavish streets, on land that is ~now part of the campus of Mc- Gill University.Dilcoosha is a typical specimen of its era, nat only in its appear- of anywhere anything that deals with Jews.Even if it is against them you will still be forgiven.You can ask some Arab friend to write something about the Jews, or even about the Arabs.After all, we are all semites, aren\u2019t we?Your good-will will pay off better than you could have expected.Jewish businessmen will give you letters of love and appreciation and they will insert all the ads you can print.If one is a little slow you need not hesitate to threaten to \u201cexpose\u201d him.Whatever that may mean, in most cases he will come through.We know that you are very | dubious.You are thinking that | Jews are very critical and have a strong sense of dignity and pride; they would never fall for tricks like these.Well, you'd be surprised.The Test of Loyalty Alfred McCormack is special assistant to the U.S.Secretary of State in charge of research and intelligence.Recently his staff was criticised by some memters of the House of Representatives and Mr.McCormack\u2019s defence of their loyalty included this statement: \u201cAlmost all these persons trace their American ancestry back at of coming down to address them | least three generations.They without an invitation; you will ously, especially if you criticise the chairman and \u2018your other hosts.] .You will be surprised how warmly your statement on Jewish affairs will be welcomed by the press, perhaps more so than the better informed and responsible views of Jewish leaders themselves.It matters little that your views may be at variance with the facts or with the interests of the Jewish community.After all, it is not you who will suffer the come from ten different states, mostly from small cities and towns, and from typical American backgrounds.\u201d To a Canadian reader of the newspapers it seems curious that al:estry is taken inio consideration as a measure of probable loyalty; that coming froa a small city or town makes for greater likelihood of being a good American and that if a groap of men come from a number of states \u2018ney are more like'y to prove reliable than if thev all come from one large state.« It is perhaps not a far-fetched consequences.When the payoff comes you can be far off, playing other «tricks in your public | relations repertoire.Even if your interventions do a litle harm to the program of the Jewish community you will be forgiven; your intentions are so obviously pure that the spokesmen of the community will be embarrassed to point out that your bull in the china shop tactics are not so good for the china shop owner.\u2019 You can put some friends of yours in business running a pap.' er for Jews.This is very easy.You need not have an editorial department at all.Just clip out assumption that the executive who holds such views is likely to apply them in his selection of personnel.Prejudice may come in the engagement of governmental staff discriminatory against American of foreign birth or the children of immigrants, against applicants from large cities.A numerous clausus would then seek to distribute such positions between states with further stipulation: \u201ctypical American background.\u201d Whatever this last phrase means, the sum total of the qualifications adds up to a total which is quite familiar to Jews.ry ¥ d Josep y EDGAR ANDREW COLLARD ance but in its associations.For its owner Jesse Joseph was a leader in the business community of mid-Victorian Montreal, and Dilcoosha was the scene of glittering entertainment up from the days when social gatherings were enlivened by the presence of officers from the British garrison.Though now made - somewhat sombre by the stains of weather, it is not difficult to picture with what impressive dignity Dilco- osha must have come fresh from the hands of its builders.The classical grace, combining lightness with severity, appears within the building as well as without.One may still feel the spaciousness of its high ceilings, the ease of its curved central stairway, and the charm of its circular upper hall with its alcoves for statuary.Even the views from the windows seem appropriate, with broad Sherbrooke street lying to the south, and the pleasant openness of the campus to the east and north.In the Victorian winters there must have been touches of gaiety to its surroundings.At the nearby wooden gates of the University the snowshoers would assemble at night, and Dilcoosha would echo to their voices as they made their way across the campus and mounted McTavish hill.Aristocratic Tradition Jesse Joseph lived in the aristocratic tradition that belonged to those of the Jewish community who were among the first to settle in Canada.His granduncle, Aaron Hart, had entered Montreal with the British army of occupation under wen.Jefferey Amherst in 1760, and his father, Henry Joseph, on the advice of Aaron Hart, had come to Canada akout 1792 It is primarily as one of the founders of the Canadian merchant marine that Jesse Joseph's father wen his place in history.He owned and controlled ships sajling between ports in the British Isles and ports on the St.Lawrence, the Richelieu and h House FSR SAL) EL PALETTE brother J.H.Joseph, occupying number 7.But by the middle of the century the old country estates bodering Sherbrooke street were being broken up into building lots, and a new and more desirable residential district was being developed.The land on which Jesse Joseph built Dilco- \"osha, though now part of the McGill campus, was never part of the estate of the Hon.James McGill, but, like the land im- \"mediately above it formed the eastern end of the estate of Mc- Gill\u2019s neighbor, Simon McTavish.The name of Joseph\u2019s mansion ; Which lingered until recently on the stone gate-posts, often perplexed the passers-by who read it.One explanation of its meaning was given by John Parratt, who came to Montreal after many years spent in India.Something of a scholar in Hindustani, he recognized the name as one he had known in the Orient.Writing in a Canadian magazine in 1889, John Parratt offered his explanation.\u201c Soon after I came to Montreal,\u201d he wrote, \u201cone Sunday evening 1 stood with my family, near McGill College Grounds, struck py a familiar name, on a mansion gate, and a man passing by (with his family) said: \u201cCan you please tell me what that name is, sir?but I imagine you might stay here a long time before you could get anyone else to do so.It is \u201cDilcoosha\u201d a name Indian princes and nobles often call their garden palaces.It means \u201cthe heart\u2019s delight.\u201d \" Certainly Dilcoosha, in the stateliness of its architecture, and the elegance of its furnishings did justice to its name.Even its grounds were beautifully kept.For Jesse Joseph was a lover of flowers and the planting of.the grounds was planned so that from spring to autumn there would be flowers in profusion.or about half a century Jesse Joseph lived a luxurious bachelor\u2019s life in his Sherbrooke street mansion.On Tuesday, February 24, 1904, though in his 87th year, Hudson\u2019s Bay.To one of Henry Joseph's ships Montrealers particularly looked forward year after year.This was the Ewretta, | which used to leave England in the spring with goods for the In- 1 dian trade and fashions for the | Montreal ladies.It would lie moored at the foot of St.Sulpice street until autumn, when it sail- | ed for England laden with furs.The Ewretta never failed Mont- realers, not even during the dangerous years of the Napoleonic Wars, when it had to cross the Atlantic under convoy.Jesse Joseph, like his father, was interested in foreign trade.He was the first Canadian to realize the -potentialities of the trade between Canada and Bel-' gium.Under his initiative, it reached such impertance that he was appointed Belgian consul (the first in Canada), and was created Chevalier of the Order of Leopold.Though the British Government, by special arrangement granted him the privilege to use the title of knighthood which accompanied this Belgian order, Jesse Joseph, sensing affectation in the use of foreign titles, never availed himself of the privilege.The Belgian trade though important in itself, was only part of Jesse Joseph\u2019s business interests.Indeed in-1864 he largely tired from it to devote his attention to his various investments.At a lafer period of his career he was connected, either as a director or as president, with over a dozen large joint- stock companies.In addition to all these interests, Jesse Joseph was one of the largest owners of real estate in Montreal, holding among other properties, the Theatre Royal on Cote street.\u201cThe Heart\u2019s Delight\u201d Jesse Joseph built Dilcoosha in the 1860\u2019s.Previously he had lived at number 8 Pres de_Ville, off Lagauchetiere street, his he had gone downtown in his usual good health.On Wednesday nterning, upon awaking, he complained of a distressed feeling of the heart.A few minutes later he died.Campus Corner Dilcoosha, already grown venerable, then stood empty: In the fifty years since its erection, Sherbrooke street had developed into the great uptown artery of the city.The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, looking for a suitable building site, purchased the Joseph property, and prepared to pull Dilcoosha down.Though Dilcoosha and its grounds had never been part of the original McGill estate, their acquisition was needed to complete the campus.About the year 1890 J.H.R.Melson had presented the University with the lots above Dilcoosha, on which part of the tennis courts and most of the Redpath Library now stand.It had been hoped that the Joseph property would also be added to the University to bring the western side of the campus to the line of McTavish street.> Sir William Macdonald, Mec- Gill\u2019s great benefactor, expressed his deep regret that this most, desirable corner should pass permanently out of the University\u2019s reach.On June 7, 1909, the Ritz- Carlton Company issued a very gratifying statement \u201cSolely out of sympathy for Sir William Macdonald, who has done so much for educational establishments here,\u201d this statement read, \u201cwe agree to transfer to him, at cost price, .our intersts in the Joseph property.\u201d Immediately Sir William took advantage of the offer, and the Joseph property became part of the campus.With the coming of | the Great War Dilcoosha was made the headquarters for the; McGill contingent of the Canadian Officers Training Corps.In 1919, when David Ross McCord I replied: \u201cAs it happens, I can, To the Editor Dear Sir: One of the biggest problems of the Jewish people to-day iS the problem of the Jewish students.One solution to that problem is a Jewish University in Canada, where Jewish students who have the ability and desire to further thei® education may do so freely,and not be restricted to quotas.Formal education among.Jews was greatly inhibited by regrettable anti-Jewish laws.A minimum number, a very select few were extended the privilege of knowledge, which to-day is everyone\u2019s due.But is that opportunity extended now to all races and creeds equally?When we look into that situation we cannot justifiably say that it is.The situation of three thousand years ago exists today.The difference lies in the techniques.True enough, some universities stress non-sectarianism.Other universities maintain that Protestant universities should remain Protestant in essence, catering to a majority of Christian students, allowing only a certain quota of Jewish students.It is a very well known fact that a percentage of 80 is necessary for a Jewish student to enter some universities, while students of other nationality are required to have a much lower percentage.This brings to the fore the degree to which the Jew is undesired in Christian circles.The Jewish group is a minority group whose pride has constantly been hurt but not impaired.If the Jewish people had a university of their own, run by Jews and financed by Jews and anyone else who chooses to help our university, our standards of learning would reach sz much higher level.It may be said that segregating Jews from non-jews, may tend to breed anc inspire racial prejudice.I believe that a Jewish University would be non- segregating Jews from non-Jews the Hebrew University of Palestine where Jews and Arabs alike are given the opportunity to mingle freely, thus decreasing racial hatred and advancing good relations.It would be good to feel that one can enter one\u2019s university without having to c¢vercome racial discrimination and to know that prejudice will be outside the scope of thought in the institution.À Jewish University would help eliminate many of the jealousies and hatreds which arise when Jewish students show themselves to be more proficient in their studies.DAVID SEIDMAN.Montreal.celebrated historical collections, Dilcosha was made ready to receive them.° Today relics of the indians and of the pioneer settlers crowd the old drawing and dining rcoms.A kayak from northern waters is suspended near the entrance.A bust of King George III (retrieved from the well on Place d\u2019Armes down which it was tossed by the soldiers of the American Revolution) stands in the circular upper hall.Mementos of Old Montreal, of Arctic explor- ers and of battles long ago lie under glass in the bedrooms.Yet in all this there is now no incongruity.Dilcoosha itself, in its old-fashioned dignity, has retired into the past.Holding its own memories, it suitably shelters the mementos of the other donated to the University his days.: 1 tio , «tf.hi Page 4, EE 4 \u2014 oa XK IJ TT Se ea.5 YT a ee fm ERT 5 FRR Ed wen MT WH TES ®% 7 ow 9 oeenAadA 3 = ov A whose APRIL, 1946 CONGRESS BULLETIN Page % WAS HE FIRST?prepared for the Secretary of Aaron Hart\u2019s Position as First Jew in Canada Doubted as Maritimes History is Investigated By DAVID ROME The researches of B.G.Sack have established that the first Jew known to have settled in Canada was Aaron Hart of Three! Rivers in Quebec.This is a state- ! ment that has not been successfully challenged.However, there is reason to believe that the history of the Jews in the Maritimes, when it is as thoroughly investigated as that of the Province of Quebec has been by Mr.Sack, may raise doubts of Hart\u2019s primacy.Indeed, Mr.Sack in his History of the Jews in Canada suggests that there were Jews in Louisburg and Halifax before Hart came to settle in Canada after General Wolfe\u2019s campaign.The records of the Assembly of Nova Scotia (November 2, 1758) include a report of a joint committee of the Assembly and the Council which was interested in sites for a courthouse and a workhouse.It reports that they had \u201cviewed a piece of land where the Jew\u2019s burying ground was.\u201d Is this a bit of local folklore, or have we here a reference to a lost community of Jews whose only trace is this reference to their House of Life?Research of the documents may shed more light on this tantalising question.Another reference to Jews in Halifax (Chebucto) occurs in James S.MacDonald\u2019s article on \u201cHonorable Edwin Cornwallis, Founder of Halifax\u201d in the Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society (Volume 12, 1905, Page 8.) Great interest attaches to Joshua Mauger (pronounced Major), leading figure of eighteenth century Halifax history, who is, plainly labelled a Jew by leading authorities on the history of the country.Personally, the present writer doubts that this is so, but his hesitation rests on no surer ground that it is unlikely that so important a discovery in she history of Canadian\u2014and indeed of Empire\u2014Jewry should have been so long overlooked.The most recent publication speaking of Mauger as Jewish! is \u201cFirst Things in Acadia\u201d by John Quimpool (Halifax, 1936).However, it is obvious that Quin- | pool used as a source the nineteenth century historian of Nova Scotia, Beamish Murdock, Q.C., three volume history,! \u201cHalifax, 1865-1867\" is a most, useful work.Son of Jew Another of his sources, James S.MacDonald, who published valuable articles on the history of eighteenth century Nova Scotia, also states categorically in his article \u201cThe Life and Administration of Gov.Charles Lawrence\u201d (in the Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society Volume 12, 1905), that Mauger was the son of a London Jewish merchant who started Joshua out at an early age from home with an assorted venture to Jamaica.Neither Quinpool nor MacDonald nor Murdock refer to any eighteenth century source for their statements on Mauger\u2019s Jewish origin.Recent historians including John Bartlett Brebner, author of \u201cThe Neutral Yankees of Nova Scotia, a colony during The Revolutionary years\u201d (Co- 1 | lumbia University Press 1937) casts doubt on this widely accepted statement and believes rather that Mauger originated from Jersey.However, all these historians agree on the interesting place which Mauger occupies in the annals of Nova Scotia.Mauger indeed left his name on the map of the area.Near the entrance to the Harbour of Halifax is Mauger Beach which he once owned.In New Brunswick there are a township and an island named after him (Thomas J.Brown, \u201cPlace Names of the Province of Nova Scotia\u201d 1922).There is a town of Maugerville in New Brunswick which derived its name from Joshua Mauger after he assisted the New England ex-officers from Massachusetts who settled there in 1762 in the difficulties that they had with a group of Scottish officers from Montgomery's Higland Regiment.After leaving England as a young man, Mauger went to the French island colonies in the Atlantic and amassed a reasonable fortune trading between Martinique, the French.West Indies and Louisbourg.He conducted business at Louisbourg with Le Broie and continued his operations there under that name after the evacuation of the French.World Wide Trade Even at that stage his ¥rade extended to the Mediterranean ports as well as to what later became the American Colonies.In 1749 Louisbourg, which had been the centre of trade was ceded to Great Britain and Mauger decided that Halifax offered him the greatest opportunities.He opened truck houses at Anapolis Royal, St.John River, Grand Pre, Minos and Pisquid (Winds- sor and Herton).He obtained a license to distill rum in Hailfax for the troops in the colonies and for the fleet behind a protective duty of 3d.on the gallon ana was given a grant of the larger part of Cornwallis (MeNab) Island and of the beach, two spots which had long been known as a smugglers\u2019 den where vessels were able to come in at night from the sea and unload without reporting to the customs authorities in the harbour.Mercantile ethics at that time were not of the highest and from many of the reports.it appears that Mauger\u2019s efforts were not directed at elevating them.17 The story of Mauger\u2019s activities in Halifax seemed to be a combination of smuggling, large scale legitimate trade, intrigue against authorities who were acting contrary to what he conceived to be his business interests, leadership of the business community and very highly appreciated service to the parliament of the colony which recipro- | cated by entrusting him with important responsibilities and tangible tokens of its esteem.Mauger retajned his contact with the French in Acadia and with the Indians in the district, and is said to have wielded the greatest power among them next to Abbe Le Loutre.It was probably because of this connection that Mauger had a hand in the disposition of Acadian farm products in 1755.Later Governor Cornwallis accused him of supplying the Indians with tomahawks and scalping knives which came from France and were distributed by French emissaries tor him to the Micmacs.In Partnership During the early days of Hal- fax, Mauger availed himself of the partnership with Apthorpe and Co.of Boston, to supply the new settlement with everything that it required.The profits were enormous especially since the governor\u2019s credit with other firms which might have furnished him \"with the supplies was not high.Mauger\u2019s enemies charged that he had a hard in ruining his credit elsevhere.While thus serving the government, Mauger apparently continued his smuggling business which deprived it of considerable revenues and for years he was notorious as the King of Smugglers in North America.One incident in the governor's effort to put a stop to this smuggling occured in 1751 when Governor Cornwallis received infornialion that a sloop had landed contraband goods from Louisbourg and that this nad been openly carried by trucks to different parts of the town.The governor issued a warrant to the Judge of the Admiralty Comat to seize the vessel and to search suspected parts of the town for these goods.Some were found bu: when he attempted to search Mauger\u2019s storehouse, he \"Was denied pern.ission to enter even when Mauger was shown the search warrant.The governor sent a message to Mau- ger through his secretary threatening to force the door, but Mauger only replied\u201c in a manner which the governor called impertinent.Eventually.the officer broke open the door but found only a few innocent casks of molasses.It was Mauger\u2019s turn, and he threatened to institute proceedings agains: the governor in London describing his actions as violent, arbitrary and illegal.In retaliation.the go:er- nor sought to have Mauger discharged as victualler to the navy and wrote to the Lords of Trade in London implying that Mauger was too closely connected with the French and the Indians to be completely reliable.Mauger seems to have had the continued support of the merchants of Halifax who controlled the assembly.He led their continuous quarrels with Governors Cornwallis, Lawrence, Belcher, Campbell and Legge, once going so far as to petition for the recall of Lawrence.His quarrel with Belcher, particularly on the rum tariffs issue and on financial policies, resulted in his effective appearance before the Board ot Trade whom he lectured \u2018\u201cwith the tone of a well-informed, disinterested friend of Nova Scotia who had reached the end of his patience.\u201d Mauger had secured the contract to supply currency against Nova Scotia bills and was over four thousand pounds out of pocket at at the end of 1764 as a result of Belcher\u2019s large overexpenditures.Mauger initiated personal suit almost\u2019 against Belcher in the courts and threatened to petition parliament and to warn the public against honoring the bills of colonial governors.Brebner holds that Bel- cher\u2019s dismissal followed his refusal to approve the tariff readjustments which Mauger\u2019s representative recommended.Mauger took a very keen interest in the taxation and defense policies of the colony.Notably before the outbreak of the Seven Years\u2019 War his group agitated by petition [or stronger defense of Halifax.The Halifax census of 1752 shows that his home housed more people than any other in the town.Goes to West Indies It was only after some profit able years in Halifax that Mau- ger himself made a voyage to the West Indies with his three vessels, which he had retained from his Louisbourg days, loaded with codfish and manned with slaves whom he had himse!f educated to perform all the fanctions of sea voyaging, including navigation.He sold his cargo vessels and crew there, returned to Halifax where he disposed of his State, Lord Dartmouth, in 1774 speaks of Mauger\u2019s position in the province at this time as dominating.The report states that he picked the Council, dominated the Assembly, and had one of hig relatives named lieutenant-gover- nor.Most offices of the government and of the courts were subjected to the will of Mauger\u2019s agents who publicly threatened the Assembly.These charges also occured in an address which some Assemblymen formally presented to Governor Legge.Became London Agent It is interesting to observe that the position of agent in London for a colony was not a new ones Edmund Burke had acted fox New York, Rev.Increase Mather had performed the same funce tions for Massachusetts, and Ben jamin Franklin for Pennsylvania, Nor was Mauger the first to act for Nova Scotia.Richard Cum berland, a Christian who occupies a place of his own in the history, of the Jewish people, had been Nova Scotia agent before, but his position was somewhat different.Cumberland had been most prop+ erly His Majesty\u2019s agent for Nova Scotia, being appointed by the Crown.Three years before the ap pointment of Mauger, Cumberland was enabled to marry, as he himself tells in his autobiography, through receiving a \u201csmall estab lishment as Crown Agent of large stocks and his three distilleries and settled in London where he lived in princely style.In London, Mauger acjired a seat in the House of Commons for Bristol, married his only, daughter to Captain D'Auvergne.\u2018 heir to the Duc de Bouil!on, and dred in 1770 leaving a fortune of 300,000 pounds.: While Mauger was living in London he was named by the Nova Scotian Assembly as its representative before His Majesty, parliament, the business in-! terests and the courts of London (April 23, 1762).He retained this position for six years when he resigned because of the state of his health.Brebner shows that Mauger\u2019s connections with Nova Scotia even after he settled in London played an important part in the subsequent history of the colony and were a considerable factor in keeping Nova Scotia under the British flag when so many of the colonies on the Atlantic coast declared their.independence.Mauger\u2019s personal interests in Nova Scotia were large and were very carefully fol-| lowed up by his able subordinate, John Butler.Through his knowledge and responsibilities in Nova Scotian matters, he became the principal consultant to the government on affairs in the colony.Together with a group of London businessmen, among them Brooke Watson, a Nova Scotian who rose to become London agent for New Brunswick, Member of Par- iament, director and deputy governor of the Bank of England, Lord Mayor of London and baronet, Mauger tightened the London connections with Nova Scotia -to the exclusion of a Boston group.Mauger and his group held a very large block of securities from the colony, perhaps as much as one-third.of the debt of the province, which gave them great power with the Board of Trade.Mauger\u2019s resignation came at the peak of his power in Nova Scetia.A report on the position ! Nova Scotia\u201d as a wedding present from Lord Halifax whose | private secretary he had beens Cumberland had been further rewarded by being named Ulstex Secretary to Lord Halifax when the latter was appointed Lords Lieutenant of Ireland.However, he gave offence when he declined a barometcy and ivel Several oF his positions including his Nova Scotia connection.It was then that Mauger was appointed Nova Scotian representative, After Mauger\u2019s resignation Cumberland was again appointed agent to Nova Scotia and served to 1800 even though in 1783 the assembly, sought to replace him with Brooke Watson and ten years later with Philip Samson.There may be some significance in the fact that Watson had once been la partner of Mauger in the Lon-~ don wine trade.Illustrative of Mauger\u2019s duties as colonial agent, the following may be cited: in 1764 Lord Gren- ville, the Prime Minister, convened the colonial agents, among them Mauger, and reported to them that the war with Franee had involved the nation in a debt of £73,000,000 and proposed a stamp duty in the colonies to cover.He asked the agents to write their assemblies for instructions.The assemblies replied that they were willing to negotiate but would not approve of Imperial enactment.Neverthe less the Colonial Stamp Act was passed.With the exception of Scotia whom Mauger represent ed, all the other American colon- jes boycotted the stamp paper.In this Mauger was supported by a meeting of the merchants of Halifax, many of whom were smugglers like himself.O5 another occasion Mauger intervened with the Lord of Trade for ':gis- lation to protect Nova -cotia from the claims of creditors and to alter customs regulatio-s.In 1766, the assembly voted fifty pounds for a piece of plate for Mauger as testimonial cf hig of the Nova Scotian government services. Page 8 BOUKS Author Recreales Characters From History in Novel THE EMPEMR AND THE RABBI, a novel of the Napoleonic Era.Vol 1\u2014The Pledge; Vol.2 \u2014 The Gaon of Vilno.New York, Cyco.1944-45.(Yiddish) Few Jewish writers are more beloved or better known than Zalman Schneour.His Hebrew poems are known to every reader of our ancient and rejuvenated language; his Yiddish novels recreated the Jewish life of Russia at the turn of the century; his public addresses have heartened and informed audiences on three continents.His personality is a landmark.on the landscape of our literature.In more recent years his works have been made available to scores of thousands {J of readers of the Yiddish press; their appearance there has done much to restore that form of Jewish popular literature to its B great traditions.In this series of what the author promises to expand into five volumes Schneour appears in a new capacity\u2014as a historical \u2014 \u201cHistory » | HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN , CANADA, from the French Regime to the end of the eigh- | .teenth century,\u201d by Benjamin G.Sack.Montreal, Canadian Jewish Congress, 1945.285pp.In his own quiet way Benjamin G.Sack has been serving every Jew in the-country and the community as a whole for some forty years.Strangely enough, he has beerï doing this inobstrusively even though the fruits of his heavy labours have been available novelist.The author takes us to & the end of the eighteenth century and recalls what a great period that was in the history of three peoples\u2014the French in the I midst of their Revolution and Napoleonic cycle; the Russians emerging as an expanding and westernizing power, and the Jews as ever seeking a foothold in an insecure society and simultaneously leading a colourful life of the mind which is reflected at that period by the spreading Chassidic movement and ty the figure of its opponet, the monumental Gaon of Vilno.In that historic setting Schne- our has set a love story\u2014or is it a love story?Perhaps at this stage it is more nearly like one of those pedantries of love which 15 developed through the courtly love traditions and the love \"talk books which proliferated in the nineteenth century.The love between Esther and her patient Baruch is perhaps the weakest link in the chain.There is greater verisimilitude to the secretive longings of Kroindel who finds her emotions awakened and her instincts restored to healthfulness as she watches her mistress draw out a love affair over too many chapters.Even the device of the pledge which gives the first volume its title is not the most successful feature of the novel.There is scope for reconsideration of the common view that Schneour is the artist of passion in Yiddish literature.But whatever the reservations on this point, there is no room for doubt of the author\u2019s surpassing ability to recreate characters out of history so full of life and so diverse as to arouse constant wonder as to the extent of their historicity.Is our history of the past two centuries so well recorded that all these men were frozen in action waiting for the skillful student to blow a breath of life into them or are they complete inventions of the author, dressed in period costume?Only the historian can answer these questions and even he, we venture to guess, would be so engrossed in the development of the story that for the first reading at least he would forget his indices and footnotes to concentrate on the financial problems of the Jewish businessmen of Moscow, the intrigues of the missnagdim in the fight against chassidim.the career of Napoleon and the kaleidoscopic changes tunes of the Russian generals whose careers are made simultaneously on the fields of battle against the Turks and in the queen\u2019s boudoir.These varied elements are skillfully interwoven as Napoleon awaits with double anxiety a reply to his offer to serve the Russians, as Jewish merchant princes rise while helping to build up the great Russian armies and fall when the Moscow treasury fails to honour their bills because it has turned in the for- for readers of the Jewisn press in full pages in its dailies.Yet it is a fact that all too few members of the community have appreciated the value of Mr.Sack\u2019s historical researches.Until the Canadian Jewish Congress resolved to put the English translation of his first volume on the market Mr.Sack\u2019s researches have remained scattered in newspaper files: or in manuscript form.It is wiser to be frank about these matters and to admit that our sense of community history has not been as acutely developed as it might well be.« CONGRESS BULLETIN APRIL, 1946 of the Jews in Canada\u2019 Shows Sack Mr.Sack\u2019s book, now that it is off the press, may well be the motive force that will alter this condition.; What emerges from the slightest examination of the volume is that Canadian Jewry is much older than most of us think.In an organized form it stretches back some 170 years, but the author brings tantalizing grounds for guessing that even before the English conquered Canada Jews were living here under the French.It is true this was forbidden by the laws of France but anyone familiar with the story of the Jews of England, for instance, or Spain, knows that thick and fascinating volumes may be written of Jews in countries where there were officially no Jews.Furthermore, Canada did not become English by conquest alone and in those areas originally English, so to speak, Jews may well have been among the original founders.Mr.Sack\u2019s history is the first such history and the author may quite properly be called the first of our historians.Many are the by-paths and areas he has not yet explored and doubtless later students, encouraged and interested by the present volume, will be able to draw the history of Jews further back into Canadian history and more extensively into other sections of Canada\u2019s broad land.A Galaxy of Men Mr, Sack being the first it is amazing that he has covered as much ground as he did.For Canadian Jewry is no narrow section of the people of the dominion, and the present history asserts this once again most surely.As the history of our country emerges from the early legendaze phase of curious questions and doubts, a strange galaxy of men come upon the scene, small in number yet remarkably varied and remarkably imbedded into every phase of the problems of developing the country.This history of the community becomes, a complex one: the contributions ; which these men and women made to the life of all Canada, the barriers to the irrecognition a the barriers to their recognition as individuals, the assertion of their civic right, their maintenance of their group traditions.For the full 285 pages of the book the numbers of these men remain small; only towards the end do larger numbers of Jews come to the dominion, and a new character comes on the arena, the Jewish mass with its own psychological problems, its own sociology its peculiar interests and itsactivities which were far more extensive and effective than that of the few minyanim of pieneers.That broader, richer history which is still current\u2014even its dead are still vital and creative among us \u2014remains for the second volume.It will be a more controversial work, much harder to write and certain to please fewer than the present book.But we can only hope that this volume will soon be written and published.But even this volume cuts across all phases of Canadian life.Mr.Sack needed to comb entire length of Canadian geography for his records for it is a serious error to believe that the Jews of Canada are confined to three large cities or two provinces.Jews participated in the exploration of the country, in the settlement of its lands and the exploitation of its resources.As government and politics assumed a larger place with the consolidation of the nation, as the colonies federated into union and as the task of building the Canadian nation and the Canadian way of free living became objectives the Jewish citizenry contributed not a little to the: historic effort.These tasks are the central As Architect of Jewish History in Dominion not completed for Canada to this day.Domestic circumstances and alien enemies from time to time challenge the integrity of Canadian ideals.Today the Jewish community in its fight against the imported race theories of Hit- lerite Germany, for example, is again serving its own interests and the traditions of our country.To unearth and to decument the participation of Jews in all these key endeavours of the Canadian people Mr.Sack had to examine most carefully each phase of Canadian history.Consequently, the present work can be recommended to those whose knowledge of the history of our country is general as an excursion into the intimate processes of Canada\u2019s growth.Those who know Canada well will find this book the more interesting as it will shed many unexpected lights on various incidents and trends of our history.The book is primarily a beginning.A community\u2019s history must be constantly rewritten, reinterpreted, restudied.Thorough as Mr.Sack\u2019s book is, almost each paragraph is a challenge for a further investigation.Hitherto many of the historians of Canadian Jewry have been non-Jews\u2014 Tasse, Douville, Roy, Sulte.If our community is to develop intellectually we must foster in our own younger students a loyalty to and an interest in Canadian Jewry which must-express themselves in historic research as well as in other forms.Doubtless these younger students will pick many holes and will challenge many facts in Mr.Sack\u2019s history.That is the fate of all basic studies, especially when they are pioneer works.But Sack will remain for decades the architect of Canadian Jewish history and the present volume a basic component of the library of any Jew.or any \u2018 Canadian.Heroism of Rabbis Recorded by JWB \u201cChaplains to the Rescue,\u201d by Lee J.Levinger (Jewish Welfare Board, free) tells a story that should be well known and should \u2018be entered into the pages of our history.Primarily chaplains are officers in their armies appointed to serve the men under their charge.But Jewish chaplains are rabbis in Israel and it would have been unthinkable if these ministers of our universal faith had walked on the newly- .liberated continent of Europe, * still festering with the disease of ; Naziism, and had not acted to (bind the wounds of bleeding | European Jewry., \u2018The extent and the effective- i ness of their work in this field has added new lustre to the name of rabbi.The author of this 16- page, illustrated pamphlet does not exaggerate when he writes in his opening paragraph \u201cNo other group of thirty or forty men have ever been privileged to perform such heroic service as the Jewish chaplains who entered Germany as officers of the American Army.\u201d its attention to its naval needs, as Esther's miserable love life becomes ever more hopeless with the revelation of her husband\u2019s mismanagement of affairs, as Jewish men of influence debate the form of their struggle for civil status while they conspire for a stretch of soil large enough to hold the graves of their sons who died in Moscow.These shtadlanim, once in such low repute among modern Jews i who thought they had left the ld , methods of negotiation far be- Have you the latest facts 1946?\u2018 problems?Make it your business to Buy and read books of Jewish special facilities for supplying the Canadian Jewish Congress The Canadian Jewish Congress.Your Library Is your book-shelf up-to-date?Have you the latest thinking on our ever-changing Fortunately, there is a growing number of fine books, in English, in Yiddish and in \u2018Hebrew, on all phases of our life.There is probably a book-seller in your vicinity who has obtaining such books at no additional cost.\"You are welcome to make your inquiries of: THE CANADIAN JEWISH CONGRESS 1121 St.Catherine St.W., Montreal, Que.Books reviewed on this page may be obtained through * on the Jews in the world- of keep abreast with the times.interest.you with these books.If net, will be glad to assist you in hind, assume a new glow and new merit in Schneour\u2019s novel.They emerge, singly if not as a group, as men of vision and devotion, | great learning and dignity and | perhaps as far-sighted builders of what became the great Russian Jewry of the following century.On the last point there.is inevitably some doubt in the minds of the critical reader: to what extent does Schneour read into the actions and put into the mouths of these pioneers of Russian trade the hopes, plans and fears which our hindsight enables us to envisage.Some of the wooden figures who appear in the novel \u2014 Mendel, -Satanover, Baruch Shick, Niewachovitch and Peretz, minor figures though they be\u2014are clearly historical.Is there a relationship?Are the more lively characters of Zeitlin, Notkin, Liepler- therefore less historical ?| The historians.curiosity.too often intrudes to seek the identity of historical and aftistic truth.It is an experience common to al?historical fiction of the better type.Schneour\u2019s novels will certainly send many of his readers to the history books while -they wait the publication of the three volumes of the series still to come.\u2018The Refugees are Now Americans,\u201d by Maurice R.Davie and Samuel Koenig is a pamphlet issued by the Public Affairs Committee of New York, price 10c \u2014 one of its excellent ser- les on a variety of subjeets.Their \u201cRaces of Mankind\u201d which minimizes the effect of race on the behaviour pattern of people is well known in Canada and: has been widely distributed particularly among the Dominion\u2019s educators.The present pamphlet deserves similarly wide: distribution, - : ; The Nazi Brutality Neatly Explained \u201cLest we Forget.Daily Mail.80 pp.7/6 The way they.co things-in England these days is remarkabie.country is almost thoroughly war-wrecked as any overrun by the Nazis.Yet they manage to carry out most ag- quately with strained resources London, many of the programmes which.very slow unwind themselves: in the so much richer and well equipped Americas.The London Daily Mail has published.in this book form under the titlz which: is so evocative to readers vf the- English language what the first.observers in the newly liberated German concentration camps found.In its immediacy and even.in the rawness of the editing the message of the book emerges.with a clarity rivalling the subject in brutality, \u201cthe horrors of the Nazi concentration camps revealed for all time.\u201d As Major Edminsen recently put.it in.Toronto, the best answer to anyone who betrays tinges of antisemitism is to take him for a trip through Germany.\u201d The London book is an effective, practical substitute.NEW YORK MONTHLY WRITES ON MONTREAL A recent issue of \u201cOifn Shvel\u201d, the monthly review edited by IN.Steinberg in New York, carried a special seetion on the Jewish community of Montreal! Among the contributors: M.Ra- vitch, I.I.Segal, A.A.Hoback, [ and: J.Zipperas.\u2014\u2014 in {a STR Ss TE a Es as 8 FE == == Fad eo rE EY ESE TFT Ss > 5 3 ef 2k p\u2014\u2014 APRIL, 1946 OPINION Shows Congress Recognizes Inner Needs of Community By I.J.SEGAL ( À recent issue of the Congress Bulletin carried an appeal to \u201cmembers of the Jewish community to purchase and to read books of Jewish interest.The Canadian Jewish Congress has in preparation a book service which should be welcomed by Jews everywhere in Canada.In this connection the Yiddish poet I.Jacob Segal, winner of the La Med Prize for 1945 has written this article.\u2014 Ed.) The interest which the Canadian Jewish Congress is showing in the dissemination of books of Jewish.interest in English.Yiddish and Hebrew.and indeed in all phases of Jewish culture, is certainly a most welcome trend which should gratify every Jew who takes seriously his loyalty to the higher values of our culture.It is convincing proof that the Canadian Jewish Congress is developing in terms of profundity as well as extension and that it is recognising the inner needs of the community.The Canadian Jewish Congress is displaying a deeper understanding of the spiritual development and requirements of Jews in Canada.Indeed, it would be unnatural for so great and important an institution as the Congress to confine its activities to the material, .purely external problems of the Jewish people, For the Congress to limit its interest so narrowly would be a concentration on the physically unhealthy, the mortid, the maimed.It would be a diagnosis which dangerously fails to take into account those phases of our psyche where the spiritual void present no lesser dangers than does our econowic and material poverty and insecurity.DEEP INTO THE HEART This new interest on the part of the Congress proves once © again that this institution has grown deep into the heart of Jewish life and is not satisfied to remain as the benevolent outsider, like zo many of our great institutions who have solemnly vowed not to move an inch from their charity programs.They do not seen: to consider that if they devoted but part of their interest to the spiritual needs of their charges, their material charity would appear in another light, a gentler light and its somewhat harsh strangeness might be softened.The helping hand would be nearer, warmer.{t is important that the Jewish citizen feel that his Jewish loyalties, his emotional and psychological state are of interest to someone, that his personality as well as his person are considered, that his development and his state of mind are of public con- | cern no less than his physical well-being.The Canadian Jewish Congress will gain in respect from the Jewish community and from those outside it.Our neighbours are properly sensitive to such developments in the dignity of our commune! life.We do not wish to conduct our intimate cultural program for the sake of the impression which it will make on non- Jews, but it is equally true that we may properly make knowr to them the intellectual and emotional currents that move in our cultural life.Our inner harmony will do much to facilitate the interpretation of Judaisgn to Christianity and the integration of a wholesome Canadian culture.THE MISSION Bringing Jewish books into Jewish homes is a great mission; the Canadian Jewish Congress can win an important place in the annais of Jewish culture.It is a difficult program which merits the attention of the leaders of the Congress.Stubbornness and love will be required in the development of the practical plans for the ; project.At the present time it is a fearful fact that the spiritual .values of our people receive but scant attention.We have lost the golden thread of the continuity of our culture and much of our Jewish life seems purposeless and unsophisticated.The terribly tloody experiences of the last decade have not entered deeply into our mind and heart.It might well have become inscribed on the parchment of our own skin but in truth it is far from having impressed itself thus upon us.Fortunately there are signs of the deepening of our conceptions.I: is difficult for us to realise the great obligations before the Congress.Its sense of responsibility and its readiness to become the representative of the community in the deeper senses of the term are Seginning to make themselves felt the more naturally and wholesomely as it works its way into the web and woof of Jewish life.\u201cIts role is becoming increasingly historical and noble.It had \"undertaken to foster and to vitalise Canadian Jewry.Fortunately there is something in the atmosphere of our environment which - fructifies each thought capable of translation into realistic action.\"It may therefore be that the cultural program of the Congress is an {event in the development of the community.CONGRESS LOOKS AHEAD The decision to engage in this work is an indication that Congress Is seeking to enter the normal phases of Canadian community life.We have known that the emergency phases of our life, with _their \u2018pealing alarums, evoke from the Congress great energies for the rescue of those about to fall into the void.But even in normal times there is much that must be built and fostered.If the Congress will draw to the attention of the members of the community the lack of Jewish books in their homes it will begin a chain reaction which is long overdue.The very program is an affirmation and 2 sign of confidence in the spiritual potentialities of the community.Behind every purchase of a book there lie generations of \u201ctraditions that compel the \u2018meaningful to act.Authors, too, do not coma: fram.the thin air they are evoked by the people; they are CONGRESS BULLETIN - Fruits of | | | Reading ish partisan at a [Palestinian labor conference:) \u201cI find it difficult to speak because I feel that those who have sent me here are ashamed of words and,l am ashamed that in this hour of our freedom, of our abysmally \u2018significant decisions, we still have to speak words, we still need to stand on platforms day after day, to bare our bosoms and to show our wounds to all.\u201cFor who knows as well as we do that we died not only by the lead of bullets.Words, too, killed us, lying; deceiving, misleading words.If vou still have faith, we wish you well.But do not demand it of us.\u201cWe, the Jewish partisans, remember the blood we shed by virtue of being Jewish fighters among those who battled for freedom.Our communion with those who fought was not based upon their mercy and we did not survive through mercy.\u201cI never knew why a fragment y of European Jewry survived until I came to Palestine and saw what is being done to the Jewish people after Hitler had fallen.Now I am convinced that the satanic thought had been to leave a remnant to prove to the world that \u2018not only was he ready to destroy our people, but that our lives cannot be secure even after him.\u201cI recall an incident when we opened a school for the Jewish children who-survived a few days after liberatiom> A\u2019 mother brought her child into the school in her arms.No sooner had she crossed the threshold than the child asked, \u201cMay I cry now?\u201d For months she had lain hidden with her mother; she had known that any noise would mean their death.\u201cWhen I think of tears I recall another time we wept.We entered Wilno \u2014 Wilno without Jews.On the street we met a Jew, an officer in the liberating Red Army.When he saw us he cried and we cried with him.We were thinking of thé tomb that Wilno had become for its Jews; he cried to think what he had lost in the war.\u201cThe miracle that I saw was the resurging of strength in the human dust that is European Jewry.I have seen a Jewish woman give birth to a son on a road.While I watched her sufferings I realized that she had deliberately given up the opportunity to lie in a hostel for refugees.She was on her way to Palestine and she wished to give birth to her child in her own land or on the way there.How bitter would our lot be today but for this will in European Israel.\u201cThere is only one test of the good will of the new regimes in Europe \u2014 the freedom of exit from these cemeteries.This freedom will come.The governments will learn the development of antisemitism today.\u201d (From the remarks of a Jew-|.wo.i Page 9 JEWISH AND FRENCH-CANADIAN RELATIONS DISCUSSED BY CRITIC By LOUIS BENJAMIN This writer cannot be accused of being uncritical toward the activities of the Canadian Jewish Congress.But being often critical, he also means to be fair \u2014 .and give credit where and when credit is due.I do not on the whole approve of what is mellifluously called the Jewish \u201cGood Will\u201d work in this country and which mainly consists of a series of obsequious and somewhat servile gestures: pointing out in sermons that there is no basic ditference between Judaism and Christianity, inviting Gentile preachers to speak from our pulpits, salaaming at random all and sundry that do and do not speak representatively .for our Christian neighbors, calling upon Gentiles to attend our Chanukah and other purely Jewish festivals, etc.To all that I do not subseribe.But a difference should be made as regards honest-to-goodness, dignified and serious social goodwill work.Of this Congress has shown marked evidence for some time.Congress has in this regard achieved particularly excellent results in its attempt to foster better relations between the Jews and French Canadians in Quebec.Nor has it gone about it in undignified, obsequious and fawning manner.On the contrary.It has through its press releases, its \u201cFree Press of Canada Speaks\u201d, its comments on French Canada in the last year and a half always attempted to stress not the things that separate the Jews from the French in Quebec, but to emphasize the things they have in common; not to tar all of Quebec with the same brush \u2014 that of anti-semitism and ill-will \u2014 but, on the contrary, to paint a true picture of the relations between Jew and Frenchman and to show that only ugly racialists and Judophobes are interested in arousing one section of Quebec against another by every foul means at their disposal.Constrûügtive Work That this type of good-will work is worthwhile and constructive has been evidenced by the marks of appreciation shown by responsible and representative lay French Canadians, by members of the Catholic ciergy and by editors of tetter French-Canadian newspapers.There are many instances demonstrating this appreciation.There is, for example, the recent editorial in the Action Catholique \u2014 an otherwise reactionary and dogmatic daily \u2014 in response to an editorial in a local Anglo- Jewish weekly which condemned the attitude of Canadians in other provinces who dub all of Quebec as a racialist and anti-semitic blot upon the Dominion.The Action Catholique commented upon the its messengers and its servants in the most vital matters.Only a people whose intimate functions are atrophied forget this great editorial in question and denied that French Quebec was illib- Jewish as a matter of religious principle and political policy or that French Quebec was illyib- eral and inhumane towards Jews, On the contrary, it reminded its readers, Quebec was first in Canada to enfranchise Jews pdlitic- ally.Other French newspapers and publications in Quebec also responded to the editorial referred to and pledged Quebec as very tolerant to ali races and religions, French Press in General There is, further, the example which French newspapers in Quebec have given other dailies in the country by commenting at length and laudably on J.Fine's address at the Toronto session of the Canadian Jewish Congress in connection with anti-semitism in Quebec and other parts of the country.Mr.Fine, at that \u2018time, pointed to the mistaken position that many assume that Quebec is more anti-Jewish than the English-speaking provinces in the Dominion.The French press seized upon this point and stressed that French Canadians on the whole take a more liberal stand toward other ethnic groups in the land than do the Anglo-Canadians.Also there is, in keeping with the good-will policy fostered by Congress, the very interesting and \u201cenlightening article which appeared some time ago ir\u201d tow yf a WPL French pertodi- cal \u201con the Jewish minority in Quebec as related to the school question.In this article Stephane Valiquettge \u2014 a Catholic Jesuit priest \u2014 discusses the minority problem in Quebec in a most sympathetic light, particularly the problem of Jewish schooling.He points to the rampant prejudices which exist in Protestant as well as Catholic Quebec \u2014 and in conclusion makes a fine plea for the justice due Jews in all domains of public life.To Many more examples of the effective results of the good-will work undertaken by Congress in Quebec can be adduced.In a recent edition, for instance, of the popular Montreal daily, La Presse, there is a page of pictures: which tends to break down the preconceived notion that Jews do.not take to productive occupations \u2014 pictures which show Jewish :refugees from Poland, Czechoslovakia and other formerly Nazi-ridden countries, settled on the land in Ontario and elsewhere in the Dominion and the hard-working and successful farmers they make.And I need hardly mention the now memorable illustrated mnum- ber of the Montreal \u2018 Standard which reproduced eight pages of pictures illustrating most graphically the Nazi ordeal perpetrated upon Euronean Jewry.) Again.there is the front page and leading French article in the new Montreal publication -dedi- cated to French-Canadian youth and appearing under the rame Sport (now Evolution).What an edifying studv on \u201cRoots of Ra- truth.By the same token there is a place for an alert reminder to keep people from forgetting.This fine function is being assumed by the Canadian Jewish Congress.With this important function in the service of Jewish culture, the bringing to géneral and con- | stant attention that Jewish books will help to prevent the menace of a cultural void; the Canadian Jewish Congress begins a new |.cial Characteristics\u201d this article is! or And to conclude \u2014 there \u201cre the numerous other item< that appear monthlv in the French chapter of natural activity on behalf of our normal culture.(Continued on page 11) vs are A Err dere EJ PON of rrr pret as re a] TAP LAL EET ERT \u201ces \u201c EÜKOPE Polish Jews Who Went Return to Warsaw More Religious | \u201ction of the Montreal Youth Council, which will co- Fagc 10 \u201cDr.Kahane, head of the orthodox Jewish elements in Poland; ! .æmd formerly chief Jewish chaplain in the Polish forces, told me that without the aid of the Joint Distribution Committee, we could mot have existed three weeks,\u201d .declared H.M.Caiserman, general secretary of the Canadian dewish Congress.Together with S Lipshitz, editor of the Wocn- - enblatt of Toronto, they formed a Canadian team, the first Cana-.; Œan delegetes to reach Polish soil after World War II.Addressing the Jewish Welfare group in Montreal Mr.Caiser- man said: \u201cIt was expected that 160,000 \" Polish Jews would be repatriated te Poland beginning in March.Some of these repatriates were filtering back even when I was im Poland.The majority will be vegettled on the newly-acquired Polish territory in Silesia.\u201d , \u2018Picture of Ruins .Warsaw, said Mr.Caiserman, 8 a picture of ruins.Worse than Berlin.Readers must have a vivid picture of the devastation - wrought by the Allied bombers on - Berlin Mr.Caiserman said Warsaw lies in greater ruins.But .the city is not dead, The streets are filled with people; the pedestrians seem to have a destination, + somewhere to go to; they do not \u2026 Walk listlessly or aimlessly.Many districts.are but shambles.Even Jerusalimska street, the pride of \u201c Warsaw, has been destroyed.One side of the street has been prac- « tically wiped -out The other side of the street now has \u201crebuilt\u201d \" #tores, where delicatessen can be Youth Council Is Re-Organized MONTREAL \u2014 A re-organiza- Jewish erdinate activities of Jewish youth in this city, was made here { during .a three day conference early in April.Norman Neren- berg ; Peoples Organization was elect- of the United Jewish ed_presidént- and Issie Nachshen of the Zionist Youth Council vice-president.Sixty-seven delegates repre- genting some 3,000 club members \u201cand.approximately 15 major \u2018 Jewish youth groups attended.A THOUGHT FOR \u201c CANADIANS ; At a meeting of the United Church in London, Ont., Dr.A.H.- Brown, retried minister, proposed - that Canada admit 25,000 Jews, - wietims of the war overseas.ES * * Hostility Danger Warning Given SWIFT CURRENT, SASK.\u2014 Rev.D.M.Burns spoke here of the danger in Canada of the \"growing hostility against certain minority racial groups.The .white race, he said, had proceeded en the assumption that the race was inherently superior, but this was a false assumption.He men- .tioned the large number of enlistments in Canada\u2019s armed forces amongst the Jewish population, which is a very small minority.* ART IN THE MARITIMES The Jewish Cultural Association of the Maritimes has spon- æored a concert by Molly Picon at Saint John, N.B.A local com-.had spent five years in Dachau.} to Russia purchased, Russian caviar, and even vodka.These are displayed in the windows, but, a zlot; is worth less than a cigarette, perhaps than a match.One dollar can pe changed for 550 zlotis in the black market.The government does not fight the black market.It sees, hears, and keeps silent.Mr.Caiserman felt that until the Polish government had stabilized her money market and the value of the zloty through a foreign loan, no action could be taken.| i Government officials cannot sub- \u2018sist on their wages.The govern.from time to}: ment therefore, time, votes bonuses, and thereby makes existence possible.Religious Aspect It is a remarkable fact, stated Mr.Caiserman, that the Jew who Cirssed over to lussia arà who has now returned to Warsaw, is more religious than the other Jews.True, you no longer see the long kaftan and small cap of |.Tormer years; but in the two synagogues where services are held, you can witness the relics of pre-war days.From the Jewish standpoint, Warsaw is culturally paralyzed.Ten times, said My.Caiserman, I went to the section known formerly as the ghetto, but no one, even the Warsaw born could tell me where anyone of the former well-known streets began or ended, so terribly had the barbarian Nazis ploughed up the land of the historic ghetto; ploughing up the roots of Warsaw Jewish life as it were.\u2018 mittee, headed by M.8.Bernstein, was dn charge of the arrangements.Congress Vet Work Cited In Broadcast MONTREAL \u2014 The \u201cDistinguished Service Broadcast\u201d which is a program feature of CFCF in Montreal, recently devoted an entire program to the veterans rehabilitation advisory program of the Canadian Jewish Congress which it cited as \u2018the only organization of its kind in the city which for its imffluable contribution to the veteran deserves special mention.To date the bureau has given assistance to | more than 800 veterans who come | with a variety of pressing problems.A large measure of its success is due to the fact that a trained worker at the bureau is well acquainted with the rules and regulations by which the Department of Veterans Affairs functions.\u201d | USA.U.S.Officer Makes His Promise Good Lieut.David E.Sarfaty of New York remembered a young German Jew he met in Germany soon after he was liberated from a \u2018Nazi prisoner of war stalag.So as soon as the officer reached New York he redeemed his promise to find his uncle whom he eventually located, without the aid of an address, two blocks from his home.The lad was the sole survivor of his family of eight, had {seen five of his brothers and his parents killed before his eyes and | papers and journals supported by the J.D.C.\u201cA Cross Records The cross above, ironically e where perished Jewish martyrs in tion camp in Poland.Throughout Poland such scenes are familiar as the cross has become the official marker of graves where lie buried untold numbers of Jews murdered One Central Committee repre-! sents all institutions.Since Dr.Emil Sommerstein is now ill, ' most of the work has fallen on the shoulders of Mr.Bitter and Mr.Zareski.Rebuilding Under the wing of the Central Committee is the Jewish Library which has received back a hundred thousand volumes of its books from other libraries, where they ; had been placed by the Nazis.All: synagogues were destroyed, but two new houses of Prayer and worship were established, where | 1 J.D.C.SENDS LITERATURE TO EUROPEAN CAMPS NEW YORK \u2014 Forty-seven cases of books and magazines are en route from Joint Distribution Committee offices to Paris for the Jews in displaced persons\u2019 camps in Austria and Germany.x * + 200,000 LBS.MEAT FOR OVERSEAS JEWS NEW YORK\u2014 More than 39,- 000 two-pound cans of kosher meat have already been shipped to Germany in a J.D.C.program that will total 200,000 pounds.To meet with educational problems ffacing Jewish displaced persons the JDC has shipped to Germany more than 85,000 volumes in English Hebrew and Yiddish inclding religious books, and school supplies.Of the 2,000,000 volumes of Hebrew lore and history which had been seized by the notorious Nazi anti-Semitic, Alfred Rosenberg, and recently retrived, 25,- 000 volumes have been released and are now providing camp libraries throughout \u2018Germany with much-needed literature.* * * Type, Equipment For DP Newspapers NEW YORK \u2014 Jewish news- by the Joint Distribution Committee and in other displaced persons\u2019 centres in Germany, Austria and Italy will be furnished with Jewish type and.other printing equipment by the Yiddish Writers\u2019 Union.Acting on the plea of Joseph Rosenzaft, president of the Central Committee representing all Jews in Germany, the Writers\u2019 Union has placed orders for type, typewriters, mimeograph machines and other equipment to be shipped À APRIL; 1946 ~ - - 1Ghetto Uprising - Is Commemorated By Montreal Jews MONTREAL \u2014 The Jews of Montreal marked the third anniversary of the battle of the Warsaw Ghetto with a mass meeting and a children\u2019s program Battle of the Ghetto took place Bon the Eve of Passover, 19483, nough, designates a mass grave the dreaded Oswiecim concentra- by the Nazis.young men from 17 to 30 can be seen daily attending to their devotions.Elderly people are no longer seen, nor are children seen everywhere.A certain number are government employes, others work in the factories.A number are active in the party committees.A number are employed by the Joint Distribution.There are very very few Jewish storekeepers.Commerce is carried on by a sort of push-cart trade or street peddling by Jew and non-Jew alike.| when the Jews who had been confined by the Nazis to a small area lof Warsaw turned upon their oppressors and, battling against hopeless odds with scarcely any weapons, managed to kill many Germans before the last of them died.Recent visitors to Poland speak of the site of the Ghetto as being quite unlike any other urban scene of conflict.The Germans had been forced to use tanks and artillery against every building in the area and the ruin is so great that it is even impossible to tell where the streets had been.Z.Warhafting, who had been a solicitor in Warsaw and a leader of the religious Jewish community there, was the speaker at the public meeting.Michael Garber, K.C., the president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in Eastern Canada was in the chair.Similar meetings were held in Hamilton and Toronto.Vladimir Grossman of Montreal, who had returned to Canada after a short stay in Germany on behalf of the ORT training program, has again left for Europe in connection with this work.He Palestine.Arbitrary Action Of Eretz Gov't Scored by Judge Riots in Eritrea in which two Jews were slain drew attention to another practice of the Palestine Government which seems to be calculated to flout the feelings of Jewry.Jews who \u2018are suspected of being terrorists are not punished or confined in\" Palestine, as they would be in other countries, but are sent out of the Holy Land.The Jewish community, which holds that immigration of Jews into the country is the highest need of the Jewish people, is more than irritated by this form of punishment which in effect reduces the number of Jews in the country.The legality of these deportations -which have been continuing since October 1944, is being questioned.The 250 Jews held in Eritrea have not been tried.Chief Justice Sir W.Fitzgerald of the High Court of Palestine took a very severe view of the arbitrary actions of the Palestinian Government.Said he in a Habeas Corpus judgment: \u201cThe case involves questions of grave constitutional importance.That a Palestine citizen resident in Palestine should be exposed to summary arrest, transported to Eritrea and imprisoned there without any conviction or order of the Court of Justice is a matter of as serious concern to this High Court of Palestine as the fact that a British subject resident in England should be exposed to similar summary arrest and transported to Ireland was to the Court of Appeal in England.\u201d Chief Justice Fitzgerald added: \u201cThis Court will be no less assiduous in insisting that the Executive Government shall establish, step by step, legal justification for arrest.\u201d will visit Germany and Sweden.lewish Briefs From Here and There \u201cCanada.Europe Rebirth Is Seen In Publications lt is with a strange feeling that we examine the publications which are beginning to arrive from Eu- ropaen Jews \u2014 as one would listen to the words of a man who has come back from beyond the grave.In Paris the Federation of Jewish Organizations is publishing \u201cQuand Meme\u201d and it is pleasing to note that Paris is still the seat of an active Jewish community life, that opinions are still being expressed on our current affairs, that the poetry of Chernichowski has meaning to those who have had to suffer years of Nazism and that a full page of \u201cesprit\u201d has survived both Abetz and the cagoulards.The publication itself is a witness of restored cultural life.Furthermore it reports the reorganization of the union of Jewish students, of the Jewish cultural centre and of Hebrew classes.\u201cQuand Meme\u201d appears to be {issued by a central Jewish organization, but individual organizations in the community also publish.The youth organization of the Bund had continued publication of its \u201cLe Revell des Jeunes\u201d underground during the occupation.Now it is published openly every fortnight.Its most recent \u2018issue to reach us has on its front page a photograph of Jews behind barbed wire in a camp in Germany.\u201d From the \u201cEclaireurs Israelites \u2018de France\u201d comes a printed Chanukah manual for children which can put to shame with its beauty and variety of material the similar publications issued by the Jewish institutions on this continent.The same organization a publishes a scout magazine fi Jewish -children, well illustrated and carefully edited.much more stable and well equipped - =z 6 = = = -APRIL, 1846 WHAT THEY THINK Polish Jews Looking To Future, Not Past By RABBI AMRAM PRERO +] should like to share with you one or two thoughts concerning the remnant of Polish Jewry.I have just had a lengthy conversation with Mr.Caiserman, the Congress delegate to Poland, and he has given me very much food for thought.He revealed aspects of current Polish Jewish life with which 1 was not sufficiently familiar.I should like to pass these on to you.They put the picture in an entirely different light from that in which we have viewed it.We have been thinking of those \u2018brothers overseas as broken and helpless.We have sympathized with them and we have lavished pity upon them.What we have not realized is that every Jew who remains alive there today is a hero.They survived because they = fought with unbelievable courage.They are not the kaf- tan-clad, bearded, unworldly Jews whom we knew in pre-war years.These are people who fought in the underground\u2019 with gun, bayonet and bomb.They dynamited trains and installations.They resisted almost with bare hands, not only in the Warsaw Ghetto, but in hundreds of places because they had the will and the strength, and the ingenuity to survive.Indeed, one of the respected heads of Polish Jewry has said that only those who fought have survived.This is a completely different picture from the one we have been harboring.They are no humble and pitiful figures.They are stalwart and justifiably proud.They do not ask, nor do they want charity from us.They are not schnorrers or beggars.They are brothers and they want to be not wards but partners with us in the world Jewish pattern.We are concerned these days with the attitude of American and and Canadian Jews toward the Polish remnant.Somehow we rarely ask ourselves what is their attitude toward us, their beneficent tig brothers.If we were not so smug because we have been fortunate enough to live in safety and affluence, we should think more often about this question.what do they think of us?It appears that our brothers do not regard us with any great respect.And I should add, although I am unhappy to add it, that, in doing so, they are in the main eminently justified.They say to us, where were you when millions of us were being slaughtered?Why did you not rise up in righteous wrath\u2014yes, even at the risk of your own security\u2014in- stead of being content to sigh and even weep and send charity ?We speak of laws and regulations as reasons for our meager acts.They answer that regulations can count little against universal lawlessness and wholesale slaughter.that they are our brothers and equals, in every sense.1 daresay that in many ways they are our superiors.= What si the picture of Polish Jewry today?We have known that physically they are exhausted, that they are poverty stricken that they live in fear for their lives even now.(Although it is unquestionable that the Polish government is doing the best to eradicate anti-semitism, and is hunting down and punishing antisemitic groups).But how do they think?What are they doing for themselves ?Are they mourning and brooding over their colossal losses?Are they unable to face life because of their indescribable suffering ?If this were so, it would not be surprising.But this is not the fact.In less than one year, Polish Jewry has already organized its life in a rémarkable manner.School systems, literary circles, political parties and communal organizations are functioning today almost as though they had never been destroyed.Of course there are tremendous hardships.But they are not sitting passively and helplessly waiting to emigrate, or praying for outsiders to solve their problems.They are trying to stand on their own feet, and doing a creditable job of it.Does this mean that there is, therefore, less need for our money and assistance?Of course not: There is a desperate necessity for us to do as much as is humanly possible toward their reconstruction.Pride and internal strength alone cannot solve their problems.We must feed them and we must clothe them.Otherwise they cannot survive.But the point is that our attitude and outlook must undergo a radical change.Let us stop thinking of them as broken, miserable, helpless.Let us put an end to thoughts of pity and charity.We must regard them with tremendous pride.They have met a challenge which most of us, I submit, would have been unequal.They have survived.Indeed, they have triumphed.This, and much more I leurn- ed from Mr.Caiserman.As an individual Canadian Jew, I am grateful to the Canadian Jewish Congress for sending him to Poland.There is a sore need for the authentic, eyewitness report which he trings to us.Our thinking and our actions will gain much as a result of his Visit, and of his message to Canadian Jews.(from the Winnipeg Israelite Press) Yiddish Typewriter Gift From Canada MONTREAL \u2014 The Canadian Jewish Congress has: provided a Yiddish typewriter for the Central Committee of Jews in Ber- gen-Belsen.The typewriter is used in the preparation of the very interesting periodical which But are they bitter?Do they harbor resentment ?No.They look to the future rather thag, at the past.They want now, even more than the desperately needed physical relief, to have us realize is issued by the Central Committee \u201cOur Voice.\u201d M.Kraicer, M.Allen and A.Katzenelbogen, of Toronto, have been helpful in the obtaining and shipping of the machine.| CONGRESS BULLETIN Jews of Poland Are Documenting German Pogroms Jews in Poland are concerned with a sense of histor- greatly ic responsibility towards the memory of the millions of martyrs for Israel.In spite of the many hardships in their lives to-day and the many scarcities they devoted considerable energies to the docu- from which they suffer, have nevertheless mentation of the vast pogrom which the Germans perpetrated in Poland.One of the major activities of tthe Central Committee of Polish Jews has been the setting up of a Jewish Historical Committee which is very active in collecting and in publishing the facts atout the German atrocities.Many of the survivors have been carefully interviewed and their memories of the occupation recorded.Thousands of photographs have been assembled and a veritable museum of objects from the murder camps set up by the Germans is open to the public.Much of the information thus collected is being used in the preparation of the War Crimes Trials in Germany and in Russia.Dr.Friedmar.Directs Directing the activities of this Historical Committee is Dr.Philip Friedman of Vienna and Warsaw.He lectures in Jewish history at the University of Lodz and has written historical studies on the Jews of Galicia and Lodz His writings have appeared in Hebrew, Russian and Polish.Assisting Dr.Friedman are M.Blu- menthal of Warsaw, E.Adolph- ine, G.Noa of Cracow, Dr.J.Kermisz of Warsaw, S.Kaczer- ginski of Vilna, Nellie Thon-Ros- towa and J.Wolfe.zloty is required for this work.Branches of the Historical Committee exists in Cracow, Warsaw, Bialystock, Lublin, Katowice, Rychbach, Kielce, Wloclawek, Bldgoszcz, Przemisl, - Wroclaw, Gdansk, Czestochowa.The publications of the Committee appear in Polish and in Yiddish.Among them are a booklet.\u201cThis is Oswiecim,\u201d by Dr.Friedman, an album of photographs from the period of the German occupation, and an atlas of maps of concentration camps in Poland.Publishes Booklets The Committee has published a series of booklets of instructions to the general public including questionnaires to enable the survivors to prepare their information for the Committee in the most systematic manner.A booklet on the extermination of the Jews of Lwow, written by Dr.Friedman has been published in Polish by the Committee.A similar album on the German murders has been prepared by Gershon Taffet.Michael Borwicz has written \u201cUniversity for Murderers\u201d which was published by the Cracow branch of the Committee.The diaries of Gustav Draenger and Leon Wel- iczker, \u201cJustine\u2019s Diary\u201d and \u201cThe Death Brigade\u201d have also been published.A budget of nearly 3,000,000 Shall Never Feel Joy Again 4 Writes Lithuanian The following are excerpts Page 11 | , Victim from a letter received by Mrs.H.Kahn of Montreal from her brother in Lithuania: As you see I am alive.My wife is also alive.I am already two, months in Kaunis.My wife is | still in Germany but yesterday I received my first letter from her and I believe she will come soon.There are no words to describe what we suffered during the years of the war.Three days after Germany attacked Russia we were in the hands of the Nazis.We spent two years in the Kaunas Ghetto.Our daughter was born there soon after the invasion.Conditions were horrible and we were face to face with death évery day.Thousands were shot but somehow we remained.The very bread in our mouth was obtained at danger to life.We did everything human to save our child but on October 26, 1943, we were taken out of the Ghetto.My wife and I were taken to Estonia and my parents with our child were separated from us.I have no hopes or illusions.Without a doubt their fate is that of millions of other Jews.We were in a concentration camp in Estonia for 10 months.I didn\u2019t see my wife for seven months, but later I met her.Conditions in the camp which was not far from Leningrad were indescribable.Somehow I survived spotted typhus and inflamation of the lungs under the worst conditions.The work was very heavy and we were always hungry.Last year when Lithuania was\u201d liberated ty the Russian armies, we were taken by sea from Revel to Danzig.TH® voyage was too horrible to remember.We were packed in the ship like herrings in a barrel.For two months we were in a camp near Danzig doing the dirtiest and heaviest work and rarely being fed.My wife remained there and I was sent to a concentration camp rear Hamburg and later to the Dutch frontier.There we were put to work building tank traps.Of the 2,000 men of eighteen nations, only 400 survived two months later.The rest died of hunger, inordinately heavy labor and beatings.T was always at work with shovels, up to the knees in water, always hungry, unshaven, unwashed, without even a change of rags.Hordes of lice crawled over us.In the days of April, 1945, a group of 4,000 of us was being taken to Bergen-Belsen, doubtless to our deaths.However, when we came near to that camp we could go no further because Yer Jewish and ., (Continued from Page 9) y press of Quebec which are Very, educative in a general way and of service to Jews in a province where Jewish news is rarely fea+ tured.Most certainly, the importance of this phase of Congress work cannot be overestimated \u2014 and the future, it is to be hoped, will prove that Congress has undertaken a task which will have far+ reaching and desirable effects.But what delights most the hearts of those interested in the well-being of Jews in Quebec is a story which has recently been, published in French\u2014and English \u2014 newspapers in Quebec.Thig story was released by the Canadian Jewish Congress, which has in the last year or two fostered considerably the spirit of fraternization between the French and Jews in Quebec: I have seen the story in the columns of the La Presse of Montreal and on the editorial page of the L\u2019Evenement-Journal of Quebec City.The title of the comment is \u201cFraternisons\u201d (Let ug fraternize) and the story reads \u2018In order to understand our neigh4 bors we must know them.Two summer camps which have chil~ dren of different races have well exemplified this saying.Situated at no great distance from each other, near the Lake of Fourteen Islands in the count bonne, In north of Montreal, one of the camps is conducted by Sulpicians and the other by Jews who look after Christian as well as Jewish children.On July 17 1945 the Catholic camp accepted an invitation to attend, in the Jewish camp, a swimming contest of the Jewish pensioners.Right away the children of the two groups were at once friends and perfect harmony reigned on their first reunion.A week later the children of the Jewish camp were received at the St.Sulpician camp on the occasion of a motion picture showing.Each time refreshments were served by the hosts to their young visitors.Since then the visits have alter- ñated and Rev, Desire Waddel has this to say of the experiment: \u2018It was really admirable.After all we both claim to have the same God?\u201d 4 my wife, for we had arranged that if we survived the war we will meet in that city.\u2018 Very few are left of Lithuanian the front was approaching.For eight days we were dragged! about from one place to another without any food or water, 100 men in each of the small freight! cars.A thousand of us died that: week.Eventually we were left | at Sandbostel.near Bremen.1 am certain that conditions in hell are not worse than they were in that camp with mounds of corpses whom the Nazis had shot and starved all about us.On the 29th of April, the British liberated us and that was\u2018 when you first heard from .me.Several British soldiers promised me that they would write to you on my tehalf.As soon as I could I went back to Kaunas to look for 1 Jewry.Hardly any survived in the smaller towns.They were all killed in August, 1941.Ghettos remain only in Vilna, Kaunas and Shauli and few remain there, each of them through a miracle.We all paid for our lives with much, much blood and the survivors are all spiritual invalids.I em ,certain that our wounds will never heal.i It is hard for me to write you that we have no parents, we have no relatives and that the dearest that I possessed, my child, was seized from my hands by the Nazis at the age of twenty months.We shall never feel joy again because the horrible sights that we have seen cannot pass from our eyes.æ À Page 12 ' PALESTINE Jews in Europe at \u2018Stations\u2019 On Way to Eretz Israel MONTREAL\u2014The Jews in Gefmany may be getting enough calories to sustain life, but that lessens their tragedy and their nisery only a little, said Lavy M.Becker, director of American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee activities in the American Zone of Germany, who passed through Montreal to report to the + ¥oint Distribution Committee Headquarters in New York.Some 60,000 of the 80,000 Jews in Germany are in the area which is under Mr.Becker's charge.Most of them, some 35,000, live in camps.Some âre on hachsharah farms where they are being trained for life in in Palestine and the balance live as civilians in the cities and towns throughout the area.They are being supplied with the essentials of living\u2014bread, potatoes, housing ete.\u2014by the American \u2018Army through UNRRA, but their food situation is still inadequate and may be reduced as a result of the shortages of supplies on the gontinent.There is very little tinned food or fresh vegetables or meats for Jews in Germany.The IDC must supply them with all their supplementary needs, including additional foods, social welfare program, tracing of relatives, education and spiritual services.They have come to love the JDC and feel a very strong sense of kinship for it.If, as is hoped, the Jews in Germany are permitted to enter Palestine, the JDC will have great responsibilities in preparing them for the woyage.; Many Jews Dissatisfied i There is.a great deal of dis- \u2018satisfaction among the Jews in Germany, particularly as a result \u2018of comparing their condition with hat of the Germans who have more fresh food and are not as Jädiy, off-ag are even citizens of United \u201cNations .-as .such Frenchmen, Dutchmen; ete.\u201cThese Jews feel very strongly that they .= : .va.-\u2026 They consider as at railway stations on the way to Palestine.\u201d A few will be w= -_ieptering the United States soon under President Truman\u2019s directive to speed up immigration wander existing quota laws.A Few hope to join.their relatives in Canada, Australia, Great Britain and South America, but the largest number see no other home except Palestine.(For 80 per cent pf them it is their first choice, for 75 per cent of them it is the buly choice, said Mr.Becker) 5 \u2018There are 19 camps in the Am- \u2018erican zone, he said, containing about 34,000 people.Ten special Farms also are accommodating $hese displaced persons.& Occupational opportunities for Jews in Germany are practically non-existent.Few work for the wrmy and a great many are in loccupational retraining.They will pot work for Germans, he said.Mr.Becker told of a Jew who established a shoe factory to gerve the American Army.When fhe American units left the area he refused to continue making phoes for the Germans who, he xemembered, had sent his wife snd four children to Oswiecim.© Mr.Becker had accompanied The members of the Anglo-Am- erican Commission on Palestine during their tour of Germany.They then expressed the feeling, Munich to rseume his duties, that Jews must be taken out of By yp themseloa\u201d constantly : \u2018 Palestine was allocated to child- | After resigning as director of the that country.The displaced Jews feel that for them the Allied victory was no real spiritual liberation, They were freed from the threat of sudden death and for this they are grateful, but they were not rehabilitated spiritually and psychologically.For this they blame all the governments of the world and particularly , the occupying authorities.They expect sufficient and proper food and housing as of right and feel- that it should be taken from the Germans as the Germans had taken food, housing, property and even the lives of Jews for years.They expect no fooqd to be brought to Europe for them.They see enough of it in the hands of the Germans.Nor do they believe it would lower German standards appreciably to feed adequately 80,000 displaced persons in a population of 60,000,000, Treated on Equal Basis \u201c Jews are treated on a basis of equality with other displaced persons in Germany4put this is not sufficient in itself to satisfy them; they know that many of the non-Jewish displaced persons were collaborators and Fascists and are afraid to return to their homes for these reasons.\u2018 There are even Germans among the displaced persons, it is suspected.Mr.Becker told of the children in the camps, most of whom are older children, some of them even veterans of partisan fighting.The entire March quota of immigration certificates into ren in Germany and it is planned to use half of all subsequent permits for the same purpose.Mr.Becker, a native of Montreal and a graduate of McGill University, Columbia and the Jewish Theological Seminary, at one time directed the work of the USO in New England for the Jewish Welfare Board, and made a survey of the leisure-time needs of U.S.troops stationed in Porto Rico, Trinidad and British Guiana.He joined the staff of the JDC last October and proceeded overseas the following month.YMHA in Montreal.He is scheduled to fly back to sometime in May.| Congress {.Tssued monthly at 1121 St.Catherine St.West, Montreal, to I weport on the activities of Canadian Jewry as organized in the [ Canadian Jewish Congress and the United Jewish Refugee: J 'Agencies.\u2014 Second Class Mailing Privileges b.Post Office Department.Bulletin accorded by Fol + CONGRESS BULLETIN | Montrealers Meet Lavy M.Becker (left), a Mon- rabbi and in the is treal social worker, director of JDC activities American Zone of Germany shown Joseph Dainow \u201cof Montreal, of the staff of Justice Robert Jackson, who is conducting the American case at Nurenberg.Harry Dainow, brother of Major Dai- now, resides at 4079 Marcil Ave, Montreal.Palestine Desire Strong With DPs An index to the mood of the surviving Jews of Europe may be found in an incident dealing with the disposition: of the children among them.Apparently, the overwhelming majority: of the Jews in the camps for displaced.persons are determined to go to Palestine and nowhere else.In the light of the bad conditions in the camps, relief organizations in Great Britain made a special effort to take the children out of the camps and bring them to the relatively normal conditions of life in Britain.However, the relief workers met with resistance from an unexpected quarter.The Jews in the camps refused to give up the children.They took the stand that the children deserve rehabilitation and security in a permanent home.While recognizing the democratic system prevailing in Great Britain and grateful for the offer of admission \u201cby the British Government, the Jews in Europe maintained that security for Jews can be found only in Palestine.To take those children from Germany to Britain is only to expose them or their children to a renewed cycle of-Maidaneks, of Oswiecims and of Bergen- Belsens.It must have come very difficult to make such a decision amid the discomforts and dangers of the camps in Germany.Wrote one who was present at the conference of the Jews in Bavaria where the decision was made: \u201cThese few children who are so dear to us after the loss of all our children must not be trundled from country to country.They must be given a chance of serenity in their only homeland, Palestine.To trade exile for exile is a swindle.\u201d The decision was unanimous.As it was adopted, tears filled the eyes of the conferees and their voices were so choked they could scarcely be heard.- Curiously enough, the.Jews in with his cousin, Major Eretz to Become Empire Bastion In Near East?The importance of Palestine in the scheme of the world has been emphasized again with the revelation that that small country is likely to become the major centre of British commonwealth defence in the Near East.This situation is likely to arise from British are meeting from the Egyptians.The Suez Canal which Disraeli obtained for the Empire had been guarded by troops stationed in Egypt.A new treaty between that country and Great Britain is now being negotiated and the Egyptians insist that the troops stationed in the country who defended Egypt against Italian invasion while Egypt itself remained neutral should now leave altogether.In all likelihood the Egyptians will win their point even though the withdrawal of the British troops may be slow.It is important, however, for the Commonwealth that troops be on hand in case of hostility and Palestine is regarded as the only territory i for their stationing.In Palestine dustry developed by Jews which can be most useful to the military organization, and the loyal Jewish Yishuv is a strong counter force to the- trends\u2019 of the Arab population in Palestine and in the neighboring countries.Jewish students of the situation have for some time foreseen this development: Indeed it has long been clear that the great likelihood of Palestine becoming \u2018a centre of imperial defence was one of the factors which led to the issuance of the Balfour Declaration.This policy has been vindicated eompletely during the war when Jewish Palestine was an island: of loyalty in an Arab sea.Nevertheléss, Jewish commentators are not certain that this vindication of British pro- Zionist policy will necessarily bring about a continuation of British support of the Jews.There is a danger that in the desire to keep Palestine Arabs quiet during this unsettled time, they may be appeased at the expense of the Jews.Palestine\u2019s new importance may strengthen this policy particularly since the British have reason to be convinced that the Jews will remain fundamentally loyal to the British in any critical development.It is curious however that none of the Arab countries in the area, not even Trans-Jordania, are becoming bases of British military operations.RECEIVE PARCELS WILNO, Lithuania, U.S.S.R.\u2014 The Jewish community here received 350 parcels sent by the Joint .Distribution Committee from its_warehouses in Teheran, Tran, the camps of Frankfurt and Bergen-Belsen adopted a similar decision without æollusion.the growing hostility which the | the British have an advanced in- APRIL, 1946 Budget of U.J.A.Like Government\u2019s The present Jewish relief and reconstruction problem overseas is assuming governmental proportions.American Jews have a single campaign, the United Jewish Appeal, for a hundred million dollars for these purposes.Whether anyone believes that Jews are a nation or not, the budget of the Jewish people, raised voluntarily, is assuming national proportions.(Bulgaria\u2019s budget a year ago was approximately a hundred million dollars, Bolivia's was a third of that, Afghanistan's a fifth of the U.J.A., that of the Dominican Republic an eighth).But the Jewish need is so great that not even these large sums can maintain all the Jewish war victims if they were not to receive their basic maintenance from their own governments and from the United Nations.The J.D.C., for instance, is by far the greatest instrument of Jewish assistance in all our his- story.It is rushing an ever increasing flow of supplies and moneys to Europe.More than $1,100,000 of supplies were sent especially to Poland and to Germany in the first quarter of 1946, the greatest shipment in the 30-year history of the J.D.C.To Poland went 26 tons of cocoa, of tea, 10 tons of coffee, 66,000 pairs of socks, 56,000 pairs of sweaters, 10,000 blankets, 12 Germans Pollute.Minds of Troops is alarming even for those slow in rushing to the fire department.'A U.S.army poll showed that a fifth of the American occupation troops believed the Germans justified in the war; more than half believed that Hitler bene- nearly a quarter felt that Hitler had good reasons for persecuting the Jews.An additional ten percent were undecided on the issue of German anti-semitism.There may be some doubt as to who won the war, but it is clear that the real war is not over.What will these occupation troops do when they are repatriated?If Hitler was right in Germany, why not repeat his policy in the U.S.?Why condemn the war criminals ?Wrote the Halifax Chronicle: \u201cHitler may be dead, but Nazism and its ideals âre as much alive.as ever in various parts of the world.They still survive in Germany, as many observers have declared.\u201cWe have the danger, furthermore, right at home, so long as domestic strife on this continent stands at the peak which it has reached, It certainly seems high time that democracy began to do a little propaganda on its own if only to preserve it from the indifference of those who profess to uphold its principles.\u201d The Archives of the Canadian Jewish Congress have received a copy of an article by Dr.Mor- decai Etziony, reprinted from the Bulletin of the History of Medicine (Volume 18, No.4, November, 1945).The articles deal with the Hebrew terms in the anatomical tables of Andreas Vesalius, the 16th century student of medicing.Dr.Etziony has made use of early editions and reprints jon Vesalius in the Osler Library jet McGill University.3 tons of powered eggs, 7 tons.underwear, 2000 mackinaws, 4200.- tons of soap, 100 sewing mach-.What is happening in Germany fited the country before 1939 and "]