Montreal witness and Canadian homestead the people's paper, 2 juillet 1924, mercredi 2 juillet 1924

[" Wechô à Te Satish 6 AVING commonsense\u201d seems to prevail in Parliament, though Parliament must itself sometimes be pussied as to how \u201cthe common sense of most\u201d manages to save it from misadventure.After about a month of irrelevancies in the Private Bills Committee, some sane uttérances were reported of Mr.J.L.Brown, of Lisgar, who explained to the committee, but without apperent effect, that parliament had only to do with the question whether the petitioners for ile bill asking for the Incorporation of three Christian bodies as one were legally competent to act for those bodies and had their mandate so to act, and whether any rights of minorities were being invaded.Though every member should have known that, most of what was enid had to do with whether the members of the committee wanted the union or not, Gr whether they thought thelr constituents wanted it or not.They were not altogether to blame for imagining that they were asked to decide for the churches whether they should unite or not as there were things in the bill itself om which Parliament ought not to legislate.On the principle of reli; liberty mo one had a right to call upon parliament to decide either what any body of Christians was ta believe or with whom they should have spiritual \u2018comœunion.But in any case Parliament only accepts the decisions of those whose duty it is to decide.In the private Biils Committee Mr.Duff, of Lunenburg, in Nova Beotia, moved an amendment to the bill postponing its effect till it should be once more submitted to the members of the church and also till all questions concerning it should have been decided by the courts, thus providing that it might be kept tn litigation isdeftnitely, thé apper- Wat olfect being a far as possible and as long as possible je prevent the churches accoliplishing tiie umien which, after twenty years of deliberation they had regularly decided upon.A fairly complete snswer to those who wanted the mattet Wevoted-on was that when the question was pat te the leaders of the opposition a3 to whether théy would accept such a vote if in the affirmative; they plainly sdntitted that they wouid not.The only purpose therefore of asking for it was obstruction.By the aid of a drove of Roman Catholic members who had na- tarsilly\" been absent for the most part from the discussions, the bill reached the House of Commons thus already defeated.The House And The Bill HEN the mutilated bill appeared in the House on 24th June it was met by an amendment to the Duff amendment by this same Mr.Brown of Lisgar, restoring the provision that the bill shali come into grace om June 10, 1935, The galleries were orowded by a very inter ested audience; but Mr.-Brown, who .was abundantly prepared with the history of Church unions, had to \u2018unfold his treas- urgs amid a hubbub of conversation on the floor of the House.If any looked for scenes, there were none.Some spoke to the point, some otherwise.The debate fiagged later in the week and two min- fsters had to bold the floor on oppusite \u201cvides while the Prime Minister, who bim- self, in his capacity as a private member, bad an amendment on the order paper, could be called in.Mr.King, the purport of whose amendment was to lay the de cistons off \u2018upon the Supreme Court, gave all the reasons why Parliament should not be asked to decide matters on which peo ple deeply interested held such different views.He also gave one which seemed to come to the polnt, namely, that, strip ped of matters with which Parliament wight not meddle, it was a property bill, and property matters belonged to the pro vinces.He proposed to make a stated case for the Supreme Court which could be decided in December.This right of the provinces !n property matters we uu- derstand to be the reason why the bill is also before all the Legisiatures.But as the union le nation-wide it would be VOL.LXXiX.NO.27, grotesque as well as perplexing if it were rendered legal in some provinces and not in others.It is certain that parliament does pass acts of incoporation, and all acts of incorporation have to do with property interests.The corporate existence of these churches is already dominios® wide.Mr.King satistied this scrupde.later, by adding a clause to the bill: \u201cIt is intended by this act to sanction the provisions thgrein contained in so far only as it is competent for Parliament so to do.\u201d No doubt he will bave all neces sary questions placed befors the Supreme Court, which by its comstitution is required to answer such constitutional ques tions as the government may lay before it.Mr.Meighen had no such half-tone in the utterance with which he followed \u2018the prime minister.He himself naturally clung to the church of his fathers for many generations.But conceding to the church the right to modily statements of doctrine, what was there to prevent its union with another church which was congenial in doctrine?When ong asked if there was not a question of what was fundamental in doctrine, he said simply that Parliament had no right to decide what was fundamental in doctrine.Both in that and in polity it was for the church to say what changes should be made.The house as a\u2019 whole voted two to ome for Mr.Brown's amendment showing so plainly where it stands on the main question that there was very little dispute over details, except that Mr.Duff made à stand on the way of taking the in-or-out ' ballot in the several congregations.He t would have ballot papers sent to all members to be returned by mail, thus putting the decision largely in the hands of non.churhe-goers and welaterested pebple.He slew wanted to divide the preperties of congregations between the ins and the cuts, st impossible procedure.The extent to which feeling can rise above reason in this matter is shown by the way in which the excellent lieutenant-governor cf Prince Edward laland undertook to leg- islaste personally in the matter not only for the Island but practically for all Canada, by refusing to sign the bill which the legislature had passed.He will no doubt be better advised by his mintaters.The Cape of Good Hope UR Prime Minister has shown himself an adroit politician by the way he has handied the Church Union question.It is not so clear that- he shines therein as a good coastitutionalist.Apart from mere clamor, he tinds anti-unionism ut its last ditch in holding that the un- jon bill is beyond the powers of Parliament.So he has taken the matter into the hands of the Government by proposing the adoption of the bill subject to the approval of the courts.It is part ot the constitution of the Supreme Court that the Government may submit any constitutional question to it.That assimil our Supreme Court to that of the States which has the last say on all of Congress or of the state legislatures, and no one knows whether a law is lew cr not untll it has passed the ordeal of submission to the Supreme Court.There is always the question under a federal system whether either national or state legislation ts trespassing on the exclusive rights of the others, or whether either transgresses the written constitution.Even a solemp intenational treaty is just now being arraigned before the courts.There is less ofthis ambiguity ir.Canads, as our federal constitution the British North America Act, makes fewer exactions, and as it gives Parliament absolute power in all things not specitically relegated to the provincial legislatures.We are, of course, also under the British Constitution.as the British Parliament is; that is, de are under » certain powerful compulaion of precedent.The only thing wherein the Ml le Leyond the powers of Parliament ls wherein it undertakes to fix creeds, or wherels it assumes, if it does in any ° ~ _MONTREAL WITNESS_ CANADIAN HOMESTEA \u2014 The People's Paper MONTREAL, JULY 2, 1924.79th Year.wise hy implication assume, to decide for the churches whether they may or may not unite, We should have no fault ta find if it should be revised in these respects.In these things, however, Parliament is only accepting the action of \u2018the churches in matters in which they certainly are competent.We do not su pose that Mr.King has any doubt in his own mind of the full competence of Par- lament.It may be an unfortunate precedent to put that in question.As Mr.Nash, the New York banker, sald of tar- itts; they are not the product of econo mic experts, they are votecatchers: so here, the question is not the preservation of the rights of Parliament but how to offend fewest voters.All's well.that ends well, as this question now bids fair to do.The churches will now come together at the date contemplated in the bill and will apparently be released from the dilatory litigation that was laid up for them in the amemdment passed in Committee A Caution N claiming freedom -for the Churches to do right we cannot forget that there have been times when the secular power bas had to be called in to protect the people against ecclesiastical assumption, or when its failure so to act has been criminal, as in the notable case of Pontius Plate, or as in.the case of the Holy Inquisition, when \u201cthe, ecciesiestical court handed its victims over Jo the \u201csecular arm\u201d for the performance of the \u201cact of faith\u201d in burning men for questioning the Church's anthority in faith or discipline.We are not even sure that never again.even in democratic days, church councils may not be arrogant, arbitrary.We may aguin bave to appeal to the voice of the people against the assumptions of hierarchies snd church councils.While we forbid Parliaments to eucroach -on the spiritual sphere, we must be still more on the watch against ecclesiastical encroachments on the civil right, as, for instance, in the \u2018control of education, in matters of tax exemption or privileged competition with secular business, Indeed the Witness has had grievous battles on many such scores in times gone by fought with more success than joy.(This review of the way.the Church Un don Bill has run the gauntlet was written by Mr.Dougall who is out of town and had hot before him the later reports, and was received just before going to press.) Dawn After Dark\u2019 F the greatest significance are the unconstrained confessions of Mr.Herriot, the new prime minis*er of France, in a frank interview with Mr.Norman Angell, obtained at the moment when, just after his Interview with the like minded Ramsay MacDonald, he was full of his hopeful subject.His aim in visit ing London was to get Britain's written ruarantee of France against invasion.The Versailles treaty had been conditioned upon a joint guarantee by Great Britain snd the United States, which guarantee had failed and left France no alternative but to protect herself.He had not heen able to get such a promise, hut {it can be gathered from his words that there had been a sort of agreement on working towards a renewal of the entente for defensive purposes with the avowed hops of making Germany a full partner in it.At least this noble design was Herriot's alm as representing France.He, of course did not know how long he would represent France in the changeful scene at the Quai d'Orsay.He was, for France's sake, insistent om the inclusion of Ger many.It stood to reason that a great nation with a combination against it d do nothing else but devote itself to meat.The only hope for peace lay in such & mutual guarantee.Whea asked by Mr.Angell it this was not taking the task of pacification out of the hands of the League of Nations, Mr.Herriot said be was heartily devoted to the League.CENTS, 12.00 A YRAR but thought this wouiu we promotive of it.Could anything be more hopeful! & looks like the dawn of a peaceful day after a dark and threatening night.Mr.Her- riot has at all events discarded what was the misfortune of Mr.Polncaré's rule, the fixed illusion that Britain was France's enemy.Poincaré could only see things on strict legal lines.Germany had signed a treaty.It was for the Allies to see that she fulfilled her share of it.Britain was, for her own ends, fail ing in thir, trying to steal s march on France in world commerce.It was therefors, France's duty to enforce it herself even If she overstepped the terms of the treaty in doing so.His mind was shut to the fact that Clemenceau had held Germany's hand when she signed and that Germany had said in doing so that she could not carry it out to the letter, also that the treatÿ bad in it provision for revision when the capacity of Germany for fuifillorent should be better known.Ine deed it contemplated 4 League of Nations that would iu future come to amicable agreements, a feature of the treaty which France also signed, but which France has s far ignored.His denunciations of Germany and his covert condemnations of Dritain found abundant response from the audiences that flocked to his patriotie Sunday addresses in the various towns.His assertions that he had Germany by the throat and was not going to let go till she paid up were cheered.Canadian statesmen of kindred blood who sympe- thetically visited France were naturally euthuslastic over the strangie-hoid France had \u201cupon her enemy and wished i perpetual.Mr.Poincaré lived in the full assurance that he was France.It was a revelation to him to learn from a general election that there was another and larger France.Mr.Herriot now speaks for-that other France, and fain hopes that it is the real France, and not just the too frequent turn of the kaleidoscope.Demagoguery R.DAWES, who has been selected as rearbdmiral in the Republican arty.has made & good hit in greetieg his assembied home friends on bis return trom achieving celebrity in Europe with a strong denunciation of demagoguery.it would seem from the papers we read that for five years Europe has been the victim of demagoguery, amd that thé United S'ates is in danger .of the same taint.No ome not previously convime- ed of American superiority could read the accounts of the crazed rumpus at tbe convention at Madison Square Garden without a conviction that America has in this line nothing to learn from Europe.It i- pitiful in the extreme to think of national convention coming to blows over such a lawless movement as the so-called Ku Klux Klan, seif-pilloried before the world by its silly name.Ditticult indeed Is ft to preserve dlgunity, if not integrity, In the midst of such proceedings.He who accepts the banner of the party that has recently shone at Washington bas to\u2019 make what points he can against the purty that is making capital out of that tad exhibition.Im the old days that fol lowed the war of secession, when the Republican party, the anti-slavery party, um- cluded nearly all the good, it was -ditfi- cult, in spite of such fine southern names us Lee and Stonewall Jackson, to think of the Democrat party as producing any good men.What was called the Tweed ring in New York, something akin to the Daugherty ring of today, was character lstic of it is that quarter.Ben Tweed and his associates were presently exhib- fled in the papers in the uniform of Sing-Sing.Mr.Moody was betrayed imto humorously speaking of the riff-ratt of Chicoga as the \u201cDemocrats.\u201d Yet the same party produced Wilson and Mr.Newton Baker, who has made brave fight for the adoption of the League of Nations on tbe piatform of the party.Such an adoption would go far to setting the party on the moral eminence which the Republit- sns could once cialm.What effect # would have on votes mome can tell, but it would probably win many whom trad tion has hitherto bound to the other side A High Nots P we may suppose the ovation paid at the opening of the Democrat coaven Two \u2019 - tion to the memory of President Wilson to have been in any moasure, spontaneous, it was a tremendous omen im favor ol that party's ascendeucy at the coming election.Carefully worded and carefully fenced platforms differing little between the two parties have in them lit tle or nothing to evoke enthusiasm, or to deliver the people from petty and sordid considerations, or to release them from tbe illusions with which the money of privilege knows how to preoccupy thelr minds.There is much in the Wilson tragedy to captivate the nation.The man who for months was the cynosure of all the distressed nations of Europe, who actually did more than any one else to draw the new map of the Old World, who was the chief creator of the League of Nations, which is still riding like Noah's ark upon the waters that have submerged all else; the hero who on his return in triumph with his League to bis own country, was scouted and martyred by pure party malice, is a figure that appeals.Even if that frantic and torrid ten min- wies was \u201cput up\u201d for effect, the effect cannot but be important as being the real \u201ckey note\u201d to the campaign and the real commitment of the pagty.Asa keynote what does it mean?It means that, while the Republicans in dealing with what promises to ibe the central issue of the election have been making carefully measured approaches toward international service in confession of their colossal crime against the world's progress toward Eoodwill against their country and against their century, the Democrats set themselves free to treat that as a crime which has compromised the nation.n speaks well for the nation and augurs well for the party if that is in their estimate a winning card.It promises well for the world whose reconstruction and pro- gross United States isolation has halted.Not the least significant figurd in that de monstration was that perennial candidate for the presidency, Mr.Bryan, whom Mr.Wilson had .to dismiss from the righest office in his gift for compromising pacif- jsm, waving a green paim leaf fan in the midst of the melee.That there were some who looked to peace promotion as party promotion was shown by the distribution of fans, weicome with the ther mometer near ninety, imscribed \u201cLaw, not War.\u201d There are those who are urging the remomination of Mr.Cox, of Ohio, who carried the banner of the League of Nations through the last campaign.Per haps the dramatic effect was blunted by the hysterical marching and counter marching in shirt sleeves and with cat calls at the names of various nominees and the ignominious fight over so un worthy a matter as tbe Ku Klux Klan.House Cleaning HILE thus patting the largest things first, as we bope will be the case, there is another \u201ckeynots\u201d ruthlessly rubbed in by Seaator Harrison, of Migsissippi, chosen as temporary chairman for the purpose, which had to do with \u201cmaking clean the inside of the cup and of the platter.\u201d which was unfortunately found to be full of ravening and wic Kedness.* The G.O.P.was blasted an the Great Ofl Party.its tarnish from the hdur that Mr.Hardiag's nominstion was purchased at the hands of scoundrcly till the fall of the corrupt group that Bad, on the very steps of the White House, gorged upon public plunder, was rather assumed than recapitulated.This was too good a cry not to be brought into action, even though the most prominent candidate for the Democratic choice is in the unfortunate position of baving been retained as lawyer by the criminal gang and even though the convention was being held where Satan's seat is, im the very realm of Tammany the Democratic \u201cmachine\u201d of New York, a synonym the world over for political corruption.It could still be meked if ever a Democrat cabinet minister had to be dismissed for corruption.As there have only been two Democrat presidents since the war of se cession, the spotless Wilson amd tho worthy Cleveland, it was a safe challenge.Besides these two transcendent Issucs there is the not much leas important one of the tariff.The Democratic party realizes that when it comes to an electivn money talks and that the tariff issue throws the money on the side of privilege.The tariff is therefore the po:itic- al, as well as the economic enemy of the people.As protectionist money has long been the determin.ng force in favor of the Republicans, the Democrats have ta fight it as though it alone was their en- omy, Against tariff privilege their bal- \u20ac MONTREAL WITNESS AND UA HAN 4 eer tle must be always lu arrsy.a dis graceful thing that Ku-Klux should be an issue in any shape.Is it Mr.McAdoo's enemies who speak of bim as having an understanding with that.And is it Gor- ernor Smith's enemies who give out that he has come lo terms with Hearst?It 1s verily difficult in a world of inlanjty to be clean in politics.Canadas, the Interpreter.ANADA occupies the enviable position of hyphen between the two great English peoples which are of necessity more and more realicing their essential solidarity.How many world gathérings\u2014 even American national gatherings\u2014take place on Canadian noil.In\"Tow many world gatherings, largely Anglo-Saxon gatherings, are Canadians honored, largely as being on the neck which spiritually unites the peoples.Recently it was Judge Maclaren, of Toronto, who presided at a World's Sunday School gathering at Tokio, Now it is his old law partuer, Judge Leet, of Montreal, who presides at a similar world gathering at Glasgow.There is a certain reaponsibility im being on the bridge.It may perhaps be well for those English peoples and for the world that the old schism has remained so marked be- tweea them; for bad it not been so the Teuton in them might, we might aimost say, would, bave asserted itself in arrogance which would have set all mankind against so great a merger.There is an upward limit to mergers when they are short of universal.-It may be well in the greater interest of humanity as a whole that the notion of the League of Nations should have been allowed to make 40 great progress as being the true solution of the problem of world amity.Jt may be well that American contempt for Burope should now be forcing Europe into coalition, including Germany, as is the dream of Mr.Herriot, the new and promising spokesman of France.: It may be well for ultimate world union that what.for fault of a phrase, Mr.Nash, the New York banker, called the British-speaking peoples have fought shy of each other till now.Un fortunately it is at bottom that same jealousy that has kept the United States out of the League of Nations, to her own and to the world's discomfiture.The United States copld not tolerate the formal preponderance of the British galaxy in it, though such is the coastitution of the League that the sixe of representation hat little or no meaning.Sir Herbert Ames, who is Canada at Geneva, is perhaps too baldiy reported as having somewhat brusquely told the Americans at Boston that the League could get on without them.To the question what Geneva was thinking of the attitude of the United States he said it was not thinking: that was entirely a matter for the United States.It was no donbt the right position for the League to take, however unspeakable the loss, as the United Btates is the last of countries to obey am outside mandate.Sir Herbert could speak plainly to an audience, the League of Nations Association, representing those alt over the United States who are entirely committed to the principle of the League, and who know the magnitude of the harm their country\u2019s abstention has done both to it and to the world.Yet it may be that that very abstention has made lt more possible for the lesser nations to co-operate.Wooing Canada, - LEASING and imsipuating was the great speech with which New York's chief bamker inserted the chisel te chip Canada off from Great Britain and bind it to the United States, It was a gentle and chary wooing.Eves the wooer himself, while he poured out his compliments, seem- od unconscious of its import.There was, of course, in jt nothing that would not ap pear eminently natural in a person who had breathed no other atmosphere than that in which separation from Britain is the chief glory and the crowning achievement of patriotism.He told ws with what interest thinking people os the other side of the line have been notiag Mr.Lapoiste\u2019's exploits in refusing a British signature to bis halibut treaty and his new declaration of independence with regard to Lausanne, for we put that un-British gesture down also to \"NationaMsm.\u201d Possibly Mr.Nash, who spoke as the retiring presideat of the Americas Bankers\u2019 Association, met at the Mount Royal Hotel in Montreal.may have aupposed that the Canadian part of his audience, the bankers of Canada.were equally pleased at Canada being thus pushed off from her mooriags os am un equipped veesel for some kind neighbor to ' : vo vu TEAD JULY 2 192 lvage.Whils disputing the of-course- ness of his courteous concession to Canadian protectionists we agree with Mr.Nash altogether in deprecating the tariff walls that separate the two countries, He imagined Pennsylvania with a like population cut out of the United States by tar- ift walls.He pointed to the Fordney Act as having utterly failed to prevent tbe downward course of wheat prices in the United States.Tariffs were not.he said, the product of expert advice.They were bids for votes.Me tok how American money was anuexing Canada.Some two thousand five hundred million dollars of American\u2018 money was already invested in Canada, half of it is bonds, the other half in developing enterprises, being about twenty percent of all that country\u2019s foreign investments.The United States had now more money in Canade than Great Brit- sin had, and it was but a begianing.There were some sovén hundred branches of American firms in Canade.Canada was à debtor to the United States, à creditor to Britain.It way hers be remarked that considering the relative war service and war losses and war profits, a plethora of money across the lime was to be looked for.Startling figures were givea im comparing the foreign trade of Canada with that of the United States.The foreign trade of Canada both ways was $313 per head against $70 per head in the United States, or three times as much.That seems amasing, but it would probably be outdone by Cubs or Newfoundiand, immensely more by St.Plerre and Miquelon.The smaller the country, the more its commerce has to be outside itself.This fig ure shows, however, how much.more seri ous sa injury Canada does herself by throttling her commerce by duties than it is for the United States, whose commerce has free ran over tweire or flfteen times as large a market.That country might sacrifice its whole foreign commerce and live.But foreign commerce is Canada\u2019s very life.Having told Canada how great she is Mr.Nash's final tribute to Canada is a number of compliments to her resolute independence of Britain in spite ot her] \u201cobligations\u201d under the treaty which Sir Robert Borden signed.His reason for taking, along with his thinking countrymen, so keen nn interest in \u201cthe recent evoiu- tion of Canadian politics as they besr upon her position as a member of the British Fmpire la that the .one hope for the world is for \u2018the British-speaking peoples\u2019 to stick together.\u201d There is evidently one of those brother peoples which thinks \u201cbetter is a neighbor that is near than a brother afar off\u201d and is prepared, if we cut loose, to stick closer tham a brother.When Jonah was cast ont into the ses there was a great fish prepared to swallow him.Let the British peoples stick together and let the good brother come in when he wants to, THe Postal Strike NE of Canada's laudable efforts to deliver her governmental aystem from the corrupting influence of patronage, the poison of democracy, has been the creation of a Civil Service Commission to take the regulation of that service as much as possible out of the hands of politicians.Such arrangements never fail to reveal the fact that if there is patronage it is the people who want It so.The present government bas been os many sides assailed for not yielding to the demands of the postal employees, or st least for not holding pariey with them, though to do that would be the breakdown of the Comuvission system.The government has nothing to gain, everything to lose, by holding that fort, so that its fixed attitude in the presence of all sortis of representations from the men's sde of the disagreement, which must Lave caused it misgivings, ip evidence of steadfast courage.We are mot judging.and cannot judge the merits of the case.The Commission j6 appointed to judge righteously in that matter, and it does not appear that it has any interest in doing injustice to government employees.We should probably want to do as certain directors of the Border Cities Chamber of Commerce did when they made representations to the Postmaster-Gemeral in favor of the Windsor strikers, who were bolding out defiantly.There is nothing to condemn in respectfui representations which could only reach the commission through the government.Very different is the alleged behaviour of the mayor of Windsor, whose sympathy was reported to Ottawa as having been expressed in anerchist terms: \u2018If any outside employ- eos were brought im to help man the ser- vice at Windsor, be would kick ep a row.\u201d The city of Windsor and neigh: .> tiers bers are ignobly celebrated for several thiugs for which their proximity to the great republic is responsible.The \u2018\u2019border cities\u201d are kbown to the world as a centre for race track gambling, for bootlegging and for whiskey.It is not to be wondered at if the mayor should think revoit againèt government jn its effort to protect its employees, and to secure to the people their mails, would please his eloctors.So it was its own choice, through its chosen Mayor that Windsor was partially marooned.Devout Migration G DEAT mood is beng shor up us man Catholic quarters to fill up the western provinces with Roman Catholics in cosonies.Party after party of isiand- ers from the Scotlish Hebrides seem to be wil Roman Cotholics.Similarly conduct ed parties are migrating from Ireland.And now we see a party of priests going west to inapect for French Canadian migration under clerical auspices.There is nothing at all reyrehenatble in ali this.It can only be applauded, as those thus transplanted will certainly have far bet: ter prospects In life, and they are, in so tar as the leaders of the movement can sea it, the very peopie who are wanted to occupy these empty acres.The only thing to be sald about it is that such zeal is worthy of emulation on the part of any who would like to see a somewhat ditferent crop prevail.Church Attendance COMMITTEE oa Secial and Relig ous Research, after a thorough survey of conditions im the United States reports that in the rural districts, once the stronghold of the churches, Protest: antism is apparently tast losing its grip on the hearts end lives of the people.The report goes om to state that conditions are even more serious than the financial and membership returns seen to indicate, that even when church membership has held its own, or has increased, church attendance has declined by fully fifty per cent during the past generation.we are afraid that we cannot flatter ourselves that this religious declension is coû- fined to the United States.Canada knows something of it, so does Britain.even Scotland is uneasy in marking s drift away from the Kirk and from much fer which the Kirk once stood.A Canadian visitor one Saturday night, found a Scottish country town apparently dividing its patronage between the public-houses and ap uproarious merry-go-round, swing boat, and other amusement combination which kad encamped upen the green.it was explained that the real patrons of these institutions were not the town foik but the lads and lasses from the farming districts.The situation in the United fitates, in Canada, and elsewhere, un doubtedly calls for the most careful thought.Historical and sociologicel students note the all important place held by religion in nations! development.Benjamin Kidd, in bis remarkable work on *fbctal Evolution\u201d regards \u201cthe religious sanction\u201d as an absolute necessity in a potent efhical code.Baden-Powell, write ing to boys, says the same thing in homs- ly language: \u201cReligion seems a very sim ple thing: \u2014 first, to trust in God, sec ond, to do geod to other people.The vid knights who were the scouts of the nation were very religious.No man is much good uniess he believes in God and obeys his laws.Bo every scout should have a religion.\u201d Mr.Edmund Gosse says: \u201cIt is essential for the sirongest characters thet there should be a period im which they are under rigid discipline of some kind or another.The uid faith precisely supplied this rigid discipline.The danger now, it seems t: me, is that young people will have the pleasant, agreeable and benevoient sides of the great problems of lite put before them so exclusively that they will miss a certain hardness and stiffness im their character.This essential quality is just what we are in danger of losing through the decline of an unflinching and cdogmatic religion.\u201d To many pepple the strange thing about it will seem to be that the drift from the churches has been coincident with a general movement in the churches to pare down dogma so as to make it \u201ccredible,\u201d and to relax dis ciplinary requirements so ss to make things easy.It this compaction comes the diverse comment on the recent ac tion of the Methodist \u2018\u2019piscogal Churek of the Usited States, in relaxing its discipline in respect te the prohibit'on ot such amusements as ibestre going, danco ing and card-piaying.On the ohe hand it is sald: \u201cThe Church must go with the times or it will never hold the young people.\u201d On the other comes the ans wer.\u201cThe Church will never enkindle the generous loyalty of youth by lowering its standard.The Church bas nothing to do with \u2018the times\u2019 It stands for ctornal principles.t it be faithful to these and sooner or later \u2018the times\u2019 will come round to the church.\u201d Up to three or four decades ago not the Methodist Church only but Evangelical people in general frowned on worldly amusements.And it must be confessed, as Mr.Gosse implies, that the strict upbringing berved « very useful purpose, as it guarded immature youth till it had reached the years of discretion.The Royal Law F course the old Puritan prohibitions sometimes bore rather amusing and paradoxical fruits.We call to mind a dear saint who certainly would never have entered a theatre to ses Forbes Robertson or Martin Harvey, but who laughed heartily at slapstick comedy when it came to a village market hall.And of course, it Is true that there were lives regulated by such prohibitions in which \u201cthe weightier matters of the law\u201d were given a minor place.There is a certain grain of truth in Macaulay's remark that the Puritans\u2019 objection to bear- baiting was not so much because it gave pain to the bear as because it gave pleasure to the people.The religious conscience of old Edinburgh sustained no shock by the burning of witches on the Castle Esplanade.it was scandalised sometime after the witch-burning ceased, when lads and lasses began to walk together on the same Esplanade, between the Sabbath services.Too often rell- gion was taught in the spirit of the oid Testament rather than that of the New, and many a sensitive child trembled before the jealous God of Moses, who might have been led to see a Father's love revealed in the face of Jesus Christ.If there is danger in the present situation there is also \u2019afinite hope.It is part of the universal demand for \u201cdemocracy\u201d and \u2018\u201cself-determination,\u201d which has rather upset both the nation and the individual.We do not doubt that when it has run its course it will leave 2 residuum of good.We need to remember that whereas Christianity, like every other religion, has its laws.they are great principles rather than precise regulations.\u201cThy Commandment is exceeding broad.\u201d and the \u201cRoya! Law\" is the Law of Divinity.Christianity is unlike all other eligions in that it !s the reli- tion of the inward law, of the \u201cinner light.\u201d In its fullest experience it Is enthusiastic surrender to an Almighty Friend and Helper.Its demands are tremendous even at times calling for sac- ritice of the right hand and the right eye.but the compulsion is ane of inward loyalty rather than of outward necessity.Its Key note is \u201cthe love of Christ com straineth us.We love because He first loved ue.\u201d HOW TO LIVE LONG {Vy a Harley Street Doctor.in the Weekly Dispatch) There is an old saying that unhappy marriages last for ever.Certain it ig that if a man and his wife have quarrelled a good deal they seldom survive one another very iong.The interest somehow goes out of life when there is no one left to quarrel with, When | learned that the year 1933 had been the healthfent ever known In the history of the world I could not help remembering this fact.For last year was one of the most anxious and dificult this country has experienced.In other words.our troubles have been a tomic to us.A Great Discovery We are discovering, as a nation, the wonderful effect of hard times in hardening and stimulating the human powers of resistance.It is a discovery almost as old as the world itself.Every great soldier and leader of men has made it.Every statesman js.or ought to Le, aware of it.Put people in easy circumstances, and sooner or later they grow \u201csoft\u201d: send them out to face the worries and anxieties of life and they grow strong again, Behind that truth lies, to-day.a new system of treating disease, Slowly but surely doctors are coming to see that health is only anviher name for the power to strike back when one is struck.A sick man is 8 man who cannot strike back\u2014who cannot \u201creact.\u201d And therefore the secret of long lite ie the secret of hard hitting.whether in a mental or a bodily sense.Keep your MONTREAL WITNRBS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 2, 1934.\u201cpunch\u201d and you cam defy the years.Let me give you an example: If a man receives a shock, the first effect of that shock is to make his heart beat more siow- ly.If the shock Is very great his heart may even pause for a moment.But if he is healthy, within a few seconds his heart will be beating hard, and bis pale face will be red with blood.The shock, In other \u2018words, has \u201cbucked him up.\u201d It has made him stronger by making him\u2014Ia the first place\u2014wesker, The same shock, however, would make a sick man faint away.He would mot be able to \u201chit back.\u201d The War and its Lessons During the war some heart specialists learned this lesson.They actually treated soldiers with weak hearts by giving them exercises.At first they were very nervous about doing this, and used to watch the men carefully the whole time the exercises were being carried on.But after a while that fear passed away.The effect of the treatment showed that it was ab solutely correct.Day by day and little by little the weak hearts grew stronger, They were \u201chardened.\u201d so to speak, and got back their healthy \u201cpunch.\u201d Exactly the same thing applies to the stomach.People who become the slaves of their digestions and tive on milk diets never get well.I know of & most remarkable case of that sort.When I met him first he was a feeble-looking young man who believed that both his heart and his stomach were permanently out of order.He visited many doctors and lived on many different kinds of \u201cdiets.\u201d The least alarm turned bim pale.Facing the Rough Them the war came, aud the young man was called up.Fortunately for him a very sensible medical board passed him as fit for training.He was filled with anxiety, apd appealed against their decision.which he thought was as good js a sentence of death, But in spite of that he had to serve.What is more.he had to eat the same food as his comrades were eating.I met him after the armistice, and did not know who he was.He asked me out to dinner, and we had\u2014well, I hesitate to say what we didn\u2019t have.When it was all over he asked me how I thought he was looking.\u201cYou are looking as if you might live to 100,\u201d ! said.\u201cAnd | mean to live to 100.\u201d From a flat-chested, weedy youth without fibre of any kind, he had developed Into à sturdy.broad-shouldered man every moment of whose lite was a joy to him, I asked him bow he had done it.and he told me that he had not done it at all.\u201cWhat saved me,\u201d he said, \u201cwas being forced to face the rough and tumble of life.Exercise cured my heart and bully beet mended my stomach.\u201d 1 am not suggesting, of course, that there are not times when rest is necessary or diets beneficial.But the modern tendency | 18 to overdo these things.The real med: cines of the world are its strenuous games, its hard work, and its troubles, EGYPTIANS IN ENGLAND That in remote times expeditions under the command of ancient Egyptians visited England, established themselves there and conducted mining and trading opers- tions, are among the important theories propounded by W.J.Perry, an eminent authority on anthropology.in his recent book.\u201cThe Growth of Civilization.\u201d The presence there of Egyptians Mr.Perry explaine thus: They used great quantities of gold and copper and went to Cornwall and Devon to exploit the \u201cstores of gold and copper.and perhaps also of tin.\u201d which those counties contained.In ancient days Dartmoor and other parts of this country were r.ch in gold.while no one has yet been able to explain where the ancient world obtained ait the &n that It needed for bronse it not in Cornwail.Further evidence of Bgyptian activity there ls ttat: \"The beehive huts made by the (prehistoric) settlers on- Dartmoor are exactly similar to the dwellings of Egyptian miners of the early dynasties in the Sinaitic Peninsula: and stone circles are also found in both places.\u201d That the Fgyptians had large ships-\u2014 larger than those of Columbus\u2014is another of Mr.Perry's contentions, and there Is proof that they voyaged (ar.The Minister of Agriculture, who has returned from Central Australia, states the granting of transport and mail facilities, and the arrangement of water supplies, will enable farmers to bring a great area Into cultivation.The Government is giving consideration to the starting of motor services.because there Is a great area of excellent sheep country lylug idle, and cattle owners are desired to grow wool.The country has practically had no AFRICAN LABOK WILL CURBS NEW GOVERNMENT leading members of the Labor party at Johannesburg are divided in regard to tha advisability of [Labor representation in the new cabinet, Some say that they could not be identified with legislation of a purely conservative character, such as may le expected from the Nationalists, Other labor leaders argue, however, that it is necessary (or labor to have representatives in the cabinet as watchdogs to put a curb on relations and have full information of the Intentions of the Nationalists.It is stated In well-informed Nitionalistic circles that all the provinces will be represented in the new cabinet.The Nationalist-Labor Opposition now have a majority of 29 seats, as a result of last Tuesday's general election in the Union.and the construction of the new ministry which is to succeed the defeated Smuts\u2019 Government is now the absorbing tople.General Hertzog, leader of the Nationalists, who have the largest group, undoubtedly will be the next premier, and there is much speculation regarding the percentage of the cabinet plums that will be offered the Labor party, Labor having co-operated with the Nationalists to defeat the Government, BERLIN PROFESSOR REVERSES THF DESCENT OF MAN A Berlin professor, Dr.Westenholer, has come-forward to lend strength to the arguments of the religious \u201cFundimentalists\u201d and to confound the followers of Darwin, whose conclusions have been the basis for anthropology for three decades.Dr.Westenhofer, speaking before the So- clety of Anthropologists, asserted his investigations led him to believe that man- kid is not descended from the apeman and cannot be traced back to the fossilized types which form the basis for the apeman theory.Ob the contrary, man is one of the most primitive types of animals.and it is possible that apes have evolved from man.The chin is the point of the whole mat- iter.M Is possible, asserts the professor, that animals possessing a chin may lose it \u2018in the process of evolution.But they can | never grow it.They never do grow it anywhere in the whole chain of evolution from fishes to mammals.It is formed by the vertical position of the teeth in the jaw, all other animals, besides man.having teeth i that either turn inward or outward, thus determining the bony formation of the jaw.It must be accepted as a primary charac- , teristic of the human face.and it in, therefore, impossible to trace man back to fos- :sils which are chinless.Far more likely, argues the professor, is It that these fossils represent a race which developed beyond ; man.and baving once had chins, lost them.\u2014N.Y.Evening Post.A WORD ABOUT WALTON (Detroit Free Press) | With the trout season opening it is not | Inappropriate to call attention to the re- sloration of Isaak Walton's cottage at Shallowford, in England.and to the fact that the cottage was rehabilitated largely i through the use of American money.There are many British writers of greater eminence whose homes or graves might remain in distepair to the end of time without \u2018causing any spontaneous production of American coin for the correction of the ,neglect, but there is something about the Innocent, grave and kindly Walton that commands 1 world's affection.Many a fisherman has begun to read \u201cThe Com- pleat Angler\u201d under the impression that he was about to add to his knowledge of the technical side of ing only to find him- :self wandering along with old [saik gossiping about \u201ca number of things\u201d and learning nothing at all.But instead of disappointment.the true fisherman [s the bet- { ter suited because he gets trom Walton the (angler\u2019s spirit rather thus his art.In Walton\u2019s book the fisherman finds his complete defense and vindication.He is Indeed the patron saint of all brothers of the angle.Frederick's Money-Supply (Bt, Paul Ploneer Press) An extraordinary document was lately sold at Viennese auction: a letter from Frederick the Groat to one of his officers {declaring his inability to do any thing for a soldier robbed of his property because | \u2014as he expressed it\u2014\"I myself have no money and you must have pativlice until 1 invade enemy land again.\u201d An important and unique contribution to the !ltera- ture of idealism this certainly is.The delicacy of Its every implication is prophetic of the tactful manner of later German stotesmen of conducting international re- \"lations.Only one virtue is missing from , it which one remarks in the writings of Wilhelm for example.This in à certain sentimental appeal.One remembers well of course that the heart of the last Prussian monarch \u201cbled for Louvain\u201d after he had ravaged it.Frederick was apparently alo for three years, incapable of such exquisite sensibility.He = YHRES missed the nuances of feeling which Wii.helm understood so well.In essence their attitude was the same toward enymy land, But It must be said for Wilhelm that he was like Gilbert's pirate \u201cthe mildest maa- gered man ., .that ever cut a throat.\u201d TRANS.SAHARA TRAINS There are only some minor details to be taken care of before work will be begun on the trans-Saharan railroad which will connect Oran, in French Morocco, with Waga- dugu, capital of the provice of High Volta, neur the Gold Const, Stretching from the Mediterranean to the Niger, passing directiy across the Immense wastes of the hitherto unconquered deserts, the trans-Saharan line will be an achievement almost as Important as the (trans-Siberian road.It will be of vast economic value, facilitating the transportation of exports to Marseilles, An interesting feature of the proposed trans-Saharian railroad 1s that for the most of the distance of 1,760 miles it will be necessary to run pipe lines or maintein à conduit system of some sort, connecting with deep artesian wells, to insure an ever available water supply.In supplying the necessary water it is said that this territory can be turned into A great graln-growing country of more than a half-million square miles.The greatest difficulties in the way of this project are bandits, sandstorms and torreu- tial rains.The Use of Conerete One billion minutes have elapsed since the birth of Christ, but 1,560,000,000.barrels of cement were used in the United States in the past twenty years, accordlag to a statement made by B.F.Affleck, president of the Universal Portland Cement Co., before the recent twentieth convention of the American Concrete Institute, an organization of architects, engineers, contractors and other builders.The speaker declared, in {llustrating the enormous amount of concrete used, that in the past twenty years thls industry might have supplied material for a solid concrete monument similar to the Washington monument, which would have been 1.645 feet square at the base and 16,529 feet high.Even it it went down to bed rock for a foundation, the question was raised whether any spot on the earth could sustain so heavy a concentrated load.\u201cThere were 1,560,000,000 barrels of cement used during this period.\u201d Mr.Affleck declared.\u201cAnd as cement is used for making concrete and as concrete is permanent, nearly all this coa- crete still continues to serve a useful purpose.Uniike most products it Is used bat not consumed.Similarly, all the wages, labor, quarrying, transportation and finsn- cing represented in concrete construction become permanent contributions to the country's social and industrial ress.\u201d \u2014S8clentific American, + pros ! Cold-Resisting Wheat Dr.Seager Wheeler.who is known as the wheat wizard of Canada.is the origh nator of several new strains of grain which resist the cold, and in doing this he has been the means of pushing the wheat belt of Canada 100 miles farther north, He fs now going to devote himself to fruit.He says: \u201cWe must have fruit that will grow without being \u2018coddled,\u201d fruit that a busy farmer can raise with out spending too much time on protecting it.I want to see plums, cherries and ap ples on every prairie farm and around every prairle home.Western Canada can be made into à great fruit growing region.\u201d His present experiments are directed towards perfecting superior strains of plums and cherries, and producing an apple that will have size, flavor and marketable beauty and at the same time will withstand coid.He has chosen the Siberian crab, said to be the world's original apple, as the base for his development work Moving Wave Within Earth! Old Mother Earth has a permanent wave.She has had it ail along, but it was noticed only recently by a mere mortal.Ludovic MacLellan Mann, who is a member of the Royal Anthropological Institute, the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia and other scientific societies, told about his discovery to learned societies in Glasgow.\u2018There is a large wave, in slow motion, within the body of the earth, said Mr.Manon.It moves around the planet once every 8800 years, causing a slight motion in the position of the axis and the Poles and giving rise to change in climate, The discovery was made by him in comparing ancient and modern astronomical observations, The wave causes the terrestrial crust to pulsate, which accounts for raised and sunken land surfaces.With the largest tirwt-class passenger list any ship has carried out of port this year, the Leviathan sailed from New York on Saturday afternoon for Cherbourg and Southampton.Its first cabins hold 800, ia addition to which it has 375 second-class and 450 third-class passengers.almost capacity.Sailing on the vessel iv (leneral John J.Pemshing and a committee whe will inspect the battlefields and American cemeteries in Franca f FOUR It cannot be claimed that the debate on the Church Union Bill reached a high level of thought or oratory.The apirit of the debate was on the whole excellent, but there were many proofs that members were weary of the whole business.The bill Jed many into unaccustomed paths of thought.It has raised irritaticg difficulties in thelr constituencies.It has been long drawn out in discussion, so that the House.and especially the members of | the Private Bills Committee will be glad to bave done with it.But the real explanation of the poverty of the debate was found is the fact that no few of the members had any clear vision of the principles involved and of the vast issues at stake.The debate was certainly a challenge to the Churches to cease fighting one another and to awake to the fact that many of the things that they consider primary are seemingly of small concern, at least to many members of Parliament.What haziness on tbe true relation of Churclr und State! What feeble grasp of the principle cf à free Church and State! What Mttle understanding of the spiritual! principle of the Church and of her right to determine her own doctrine, guide her own affairs, and fashiop her owm polity! Sel dom was the lofty note reached in the discussion for lack of vision into these things.The Promoters of the Bill cannol be freed from blame in regard to the long drawn out, even wearisome, pro ceedings.The Anti-unionists may have been contentious to fractiousness, but the whole bill lacked in simplicity and directness of purpose, and was unnecessarily loaded with material quite foreign to anything Purliament should have been asked to deal with.Doctrine, polity, minister's functions are no business of Parliament, A bill that asked Parliament to confirm the Basis of Union, containing a creed, and yet, in a specific section, at the same time, asserted that doctrine was the fenced domain of the Church, was some what confusing to say the least.The bill is all the better for some of the amend ments passed by the Private Bills Committee and the Honse of Commons.But the bill is practicaliy through the House, stripped of the amendment that was meant to destroy it.For this, no Îit- tle thanks are due to Mr, J, L.Brown, of Lisgar, From the first Mr.Brown saw the issues involved, and with a clear grasp of principle and a fine sense of proportion, proved himself the good friend of everything vital in the bill.He was vigorously sapported by suck keen debaters as Mr, Bird and Mr.Lewis, Mr.Woodsworth also, from an independent standpoint.and with sure insight.rendered good service.There is no question that Mr.Woodsworth is one of the best debaters in the House, but because of the enmity of the eapital istic press, he does not receive in the country the recognition which his fine gifts deserve.Had be been a Conservative his piaise wouid have been sounded Dominion-wide every week.Mr Hoey is another member who knows how to make bis points clear and his arguments tell.Nor can a due meed of praise be withheld from some of the opponemts of the bill.Mr.Duff and Mr.Lewis have beem consistent and able in their opposition, and to thelr zeal and untiring labor the Amti- Unionists owe uo small part of the vote they managed to register.Of the leaders Mr, Forke has from the beginning been the sponsor and intelligent advocate of the bil.He, 100, knows the meaning of spiritual prim ziple im its relation to civil rights.His iransparent sincerity and unfailing cour- easy have won for him the esteem of the \u2018eaders of the churches.The Progres- lives have certainly got in \u2018him a leader sf character.; Mr.Meighen an always be trusted to make his poet tion clear, and in spite of the grumbling of certain supporters, and against certain ingrained traditions, in an able and states- maniike way gave good reasons for his support of the bill.The great disappointment and the tragic figure of the whole Church Union episode has been The Prime Minister Had he stcod boldly out in opposition to the bill he might have won respect for his convictions.but his whole handling of the grave situation has heen feehleness itself, In ail the corridors it has been an open secret that he has been the patron of the amendments about constitutionality and legality with which some have sought to poison the bill.It will certainly take a lomg time before he can regain confidence im circles where he and his party have hitherto had many able friends.Nor will his strange dincourtesies to the leaders of three great Churches soon he forgotten, The Hon.Wililam Lyon Mackenzie King may think that he was born to play the grand rôle.but he will socom find that dis p MONTREAL WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 2, 194, The Church Union Bill At Ottawa By \u2018\u2019Scrutator\u201d think of the amendment that he fathered, to see the futility of his whole attitude to the bill.What could he possibly mean by it?Surely every act of Parliament ia conditioned by Parliament's right to pass it.Did he persist in it to the end to cover the spectacles of a Liberal leader taking with him into the lobby 58 votes agalost a bill, the central principles of which should have had the support of every man who has any inkling of what Liberalism means.Did he feebly try to make a downy fall for the AntH-Unionists?Or was his aim to befriend opposition in the Province of Ontario among forces that will certainly do little for Liberalism when the day of political judgment comes?His amendment met with the silent ridicule of the whole House, which, without a word, \u2018let the Liberal leader have his pet plum with its informing legend that if sugar is not aweet then it will not aweetem, What a wonderful achievement for a Prime Minister when dealing with a question so great and grave as the Church life of a great section of the nation Bat in spite of ingenions, Determined and Costly Opposition, as has always been indicated in these col- amas, the bill will become az act, and Church Union will be a fact on paper.But the Churches have a joog and hard furrow to boe before the fruition of that act will be gathered for the good of the natiom.Acts of Parliament camnot make Church Unions.That is the work of the Spirit of God in the hearts of men.So much spiritual energy has been dissipated im this wretched ecclesiastical squabble; so much suspicion, bad feeling.and even bitter- pess have been esgendered\u2014that it may take years to cleanse the country from its ugly virus.The Churches will certainly need a tide of the Spirit.and will have to give much devoted service before they re gain the hearty allegiance of great bodies of men and women.Church Union has eost much in treasure, but it has cost vastly more in spiritual power and authority and in the warm loyally of many who have hitherto been church people.The United Church will certainly meed to prove by-a great and conquering devotlen that the Union was worth the cost\u2014\u201cScrutator.\u201d NEW YORK BANKER EXTOLS CANADA Speaking at the Mount Royal Hotel !n Montreal, last week, Mr.Willis G.Nash.retiring president of the New York Bani- er's Association sald: \u2014 \u201cThere are no two pations on this great earth that without any common political bond, are joined by so many ties as our (wo countries: ties of blood, language, common interests, of ideals, of affection.It you will look at the politieal and diplomatic map of the world today.you will very soon see that our two countries are à quite exceptional pair of brothers in the family of nations Compare the record of the last hundred years along our over 4.000 miles boundary line with that of various contiguous South American countries between whom there exists also an identity of languig., of civ- flisation and of racial history.Wars and bickerings without number have marked their checkered relationships.\u201c1 realize of course that there ire certain key industries which a country ought to build up\u2014particularly whes, like Canada today, it stands at the threshold of an era of unexampled growth in wealth, popu- latiôh and power.I am willing t2 admil, also, that a certain amount of revraue can more easily be raised by a moderate and equable tarfff than in anygotber way.À tariff ts at times an indispensable weapon with which to fight foreign made agression or discrimination.But when I look at the long line from St.Jobn to Vancouver where for more that six score years there bas never been a foil or a «entinel 1 wish that this line might be almost uz invisible in our dally business lif» 18 the lines of demarcation between New York.Pennsylvania, New Jersey and our other States.Just as our East apd West and North and South all prosper because of ap untrammelled commerce, so this fastert.growing Province of Quebec exchanges goods and credit with the more sparsel settled Province beyond the Great Lak-s.There is very little real competition between these two sovercigm systems.Wo complement each other in countless ways.There are no two countries on rarth be tween which there has been, is, or will be 80 little trade rivalry.Our two banking systems are supplementary to each other rather tha:: compatitive.credits go back and forth acro3s the frontier.Invested in Canada \u201cAbout two and a half hillions of Amer.- can dollars are now Invested In Canadain \u2018entorprises, Of this amount about $1.200 - \"(72000 is in bonds and the balance .u stock holdings, morig:ges.farms, indue- trial enterprises and private loams in the Dominion.courtesy and wobbling will pot carry a man far in à democracy.One hap only Le, \u201cOur Canadian investments in future bid fair to be on An even larger scale.aud Securities and | ! en have already gone substantially beyond those of Great Britain.It is interesting to uote that in regard to foreign trade, Canada is a \u2018creditor to Great Britain, debtor to the United States and a creditor to the resi of the world The amaxing sizo of this trade deserves particular emphasis.last year (\u2018anada\u2019s exports equalled one fourth the value of those of the United States, a truly marvellous total, consider: ing that Canada\u2019s entire population is only equal to that of Pennsylvania.To give the same picture differently, Caaadian exports last year amounted to $113 per capita against $37 in the United States.For her imports, the corresponding Pgures were $100 per capita as compared with $33.50 on the other side of the border.The bigger the figures become in future years, tie better plensed will we Americans be.Trade Growing \u201cCanada is evolving rapidly.last year she soid to the United States $416.000.000 worth of goods,\u2014more thas we boeght from either Great Britiia or Cuba, whick stood second and third in rank among the countries selling to Canada.Canada now stands frst.And as her industrial devel opment goes on apace she will more easiiy keep this pre-eminence.Electric power is now exported.Engineers assert that Canada possesses a greater fresh water area than ali the rest of the world put together.You may not know that the first high tension transmission of electricity in th: whole British Empire was accomplished in 1895 between a station on the Baliscan river, Quebec, and the town of Three Rivers, not far from hers.This small but early beginning was prophetic of the swift development that followed.Today over 3,000,000 operating horse-power is developed and there are over 21,000 mile of transmission and distribution systems scattered trom Nova Scotia all the way to the Yukon.But even this magnificent growth is only a herald of bigger things to come.We Americans are not worried by The probability that our coal exports northward will fall off sharply in future years, because, by Way of compensation, there will be instead a larger demand for electrical equipment.Approximately twei- ty per cent.of all American foreign investments are in Canada, and I, am glad that we this time at least, put omr money on the right horse.\u201cIn the British Empire ontside_of Great Briain, Canada holds tire leading place by reason of her population, wealth, and material resources.and her geographical proximity to the Mother Country gives her a special political influence whict.is not enjoyed by more distant Dominions.It waz Canada who frst wrested from Fngland 9 1 privilegas of responsible government, whe first asserted the principis of fiscal autonomy, and who first acquired separate treaty-making powers.Well, 1 will not here go iato the question of membership of Canada and the other Dominions separately in the League of Nations.Those hostile ta American participation made a good deal of noise about the large representation accorded to the British Empire.it mever disturbed me very much dacause I know something about the spirit of im- dependence that prevails in this Dominion.Peace Confervace \u201cThe British Foreign Offfee and many in- fluentia) politicians desired a unified Brie tisk delegation at the peace conference oa which the Dominions wowld be allowed to send representatives in an advisory capacity, but Sir Robert Borden and General Smuts began a fight for separate representation at Paris, and their point was eventually gained\u2014in face of the opposition of the most conservative elements in Britain, Sir Robert Borden and thrée colleagues attended the peace conference as reprcsen< tatives of Canadi-and affixed their signatures to the Peace Treaty.Canada was thus accorded separate representation 's the League of Nations.Under Article X.of the treaty, Canada is now obliged lo guarantee the territorial integrity of such countries as Poland, Jugo-Slavia and Roumanis.These are obligation which the Canadian people have resolutely refused to assume for the Mother Country undet any definite contract.Future years wiil see just \u2018how \u2018this is going to work out.\u201cWe in the United States have followed with very great interest the recent evelu- tion of Canadian politics as they bear upon her position as a member of the British Empire.1 say this because all thinking Americans know that the one big hope for world peace, for reconstruction of business, for sanity and order is for \u2018he British speaking peoples to stick together, te learn to know one another better, and :0 work for their common interests, Oa March 2, last year, a treaty concerning balibut fishery on our Pacific Coast was signed by Canada and the United States.The British Ambassador in Washington did not put his signature on the d.cumen* and Great Britain was not made a pary to it.1 wonder iI we all realize the great significance of this occurrence?It 's tangt ble evidence I think, of the gennir.ely libs eral attitude now adopted by the Mother Country toward her colonies.This.compled with the outstanding hon>sty and square dealing which Great Britain has shown in the matter of her indebiness 0 the United States, illustrates all thal is best ia Anglo-Baxon character.\u201d LETTERS FROM READERS.THE OLD TESTAMENT (To the Editor of the Witness) Sir,\u2014My letters on the book of Jonak seem to have perturbe! some of your readers; others who have communicated with me are grateful to have bad à book, much neglected because of mistaken misinterpretation, shown to be a book of rare significance in the history of a progressive Revelation and free from some stumbling blocks with which they associated it.Perhaps.it their minds are now somewhat cooled and open, | may be able to help some others also.! have bad too long and large an experience in dealing with minds troubled by difficulties, or startled by truth kmocking at their doors, not to understand the pre-occupied confidence in the letters of some of your correspondents.Ke is like the mentai staie Cf those who, believing that the world was fial, were startied amd irritated to be plainly told that it was round.Mr.Teyior wants to know about Jonah in Il.Kings 14.I expected the question.But nct a word is said in Kings about that Jooah going to Nineveh, But, granted that there was a tradition im Israel that it was part of his life work to he neat to the Nimevites, that in no way touches what bas been said about the book of Jonah, which was written hundreds of years after the reign «f Jereboam, son of Joash, Mr.Taylor may not know that it was quite common for Jewish writers and editors, especially after the Exile, to send forth books or painphiets under assumed names.We have quite a collection of them, now called pseudonymous, or faise-titled writings.and among them some of those bound into the Bible.as for example: Jonah, Job, Daniel.Chapters 24-27 of isniah.and outside of the Bible: Enoch, Baruch.Psalms of Solomon, etc, etc.: but that in no way takes from tbe value of the spiritual teaching when we know that it was the custom of writers of such books to seek Lhe shel ter of great names for their burning messages, The writer of the hook of Jonah s0 used Jonah ben Amittai, the prophet, and acquainted mayhap with some record of him.wove it into au allegory that is a bold and memorable protest against Jew- (sb exclusiveness and the tendency the Jews had.not only to regard themselves as God's favorites, but also seifishly te shut others out from the privileges they gnjoyed.But qurely the message of the book on the face of it.is about Ged and His great heart toward the childrea of men, and not about a prophet and strange adventures with a great fish.May ! again remind your readers of the figure in Isaiah and Jeremiah of Babylen as leviathan, the sea monster, that was Lo swallow up ls \u2018rael.The writer of the book of Jonah laid hold of that figwre for his allegory concerning Israel and its refusal to learn the purpese of the forth-going God.2.Mr.Metcaif is on hie own confession a university man.From his letter one j would mever have suspected it.Ho says | that.{Re is astoumded\u201d at my iuterpreta- tion of Jonah.But where has Mr.Metcalf, la university man.been living?What has Îhe been reading?The interpretation of Jonah as an allegory has been familiar tn circles with any pretence to scholarship for more than thirty years.But, mayhap, I should pot blame Mr, Metcalf.Only too many ministers have such inadequate salaries that they camnot buy the books that would keep them abreast of advancing knowledge.and many of them are far from the best libraries.But it Is a seri jous thing for truth and for the Church of God as a teacher of truth.Yet it is surely a mistake for Mr.Met- caif to blame Prof Farmer for what must be a lapse of hin own memory.! cannot think of a professor.\u201can scknowledged authority on the Greek text,\u201d as Nr.Met- calf describes him.not at least intimating to a Greek New Testament Class that im the light of modern scholarship there was difficulty with Matt.12:40.And why should he dismiss Prcf.Matthews as a de structive critic?That s merely destruc- tiva Critic, except of error, was a profes.ror at MacMaster ! cannot believe.Moreover, whea | hear a professor so described, experience has taught me to conclude that the was only a thoroughly competent | scholar who really knew what he was talking about.Had Mr.Metcalf given more earnest heed to his teaching he would not, 1 sm sure, have been \u201castounded\u201d at the book of Jonah handled as an allegory.nor would he have included the hook of Joh, plainly a dramatic poem, among the Old Testament prophets.Moreover, his mind would have been made more hospitable to às un-willing (0 be a butt of ridicule from new ideas so that at the very least he would not have described those who do not hold his views ap.necessarily \u201clished wp with un-believers in the Word of God and fools.\u2019 ; But Mr.Metcalf fe sure that he knows history when he reads it.Because Jonah begins with what seems like a historical statement he is sure it is not an allegory, But has Mr.Metcalf read the Pligrim's Progress, or other of the great allegories?Further, he says that he \u201cturns to the book itself for iastruction.\u201d But has he then, a University man, ever stopped to ask what \u201cJonah ben Amittal\u201d means?Jouah \u2014 Dove, the symbol of Israel; ben Amittai.the son of truth, or God, so that it may he ve at least been suggested to .him that tke bogk was somehow about Israel, th4 son or chosen of Cod and God's purpose with Iermel, Perhaps then he would not have been so dogmatic about the book not being an allegory, Again, he says that the statement (misstatement) ir Matt.12:40 about our Lord being three days and three nights in the heart of the earth \u201ccam be explained from the scripture.\u201d Why then does he not explain i?Simply because neither Mr.Metcalf! nor any one else having any regard for fact, can do it.How interesting it would be to have from Mr.Métcalt an exposition of the passage in Matthew, 12, where the Master refuses to dea! in signs and wonders, with \u201cverse 40 clearly and firmly related to that refusal.Before be attempts it, I know what to expect: either a plain shirking of the difficulty in verse 40, or a confused medley of contradictory ideas.That passage cannot be intelligently expounded unless it is taken, as in Luke, with all re ference to our Lord's resurrection\u2014the most startling of signs, especially with the Jonah illustration of it\u2014left out altogether.t Mr.Metcalf it.Le > D.L, RITCHIR.(To the Editor of the Witness) Sir, \u2014Dr.Ritchie, in his article on Jonab, has said that our Sav:our's words of Matt.12: 40 are not true.This is one of the reasons he gives for placing this passage as & mere annotation by a scribe, that later got placed up in the text by those scribes employed in the writing of the early manuscripts.I beg to differ with the learned doctor and to contend for the truthfulness of the passage in question.The verse from our Saviour's own words reads, \u201cFor as Jonas was three days end three nights in the whales belly, so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of .the earth.\u201d 1 would like to say In the firet place that 1 believe those words, and Dr.Ritchie may.say we come 4o the Word with pre-con- ceived ideas about its inspiration, but unti) he can prove they are not the words of Jesus I am bound to believe them.I also believe that Jonah was three days and three nights in the whale's belly, and I believe that Jesus-enid he was.Why should it be found hard to believe that?Oinnot God do anything?-ls anything too hard tor Him?Will Dr.Ritchie say God cannot do it?Does God not preserve the little babes in the mother's womb before they are born, and without the breathing of air, and if He can so marvelously LE a the order of that child's life and preservation at birth,\" can He got as easily reverse the order and provide for Jonah's breath and life in the whales belly by His mighty miracle power?When I have seen souls in a trance in the Spirit I can readily believe that God did preserve Jonah in some such state in the whales belly.Have not hypnotists buried the subjects of their hypnotism under the ground for days and brought them forth alive, and is It come to pass that people will believe in these latter days that mau can do more than God?I also believe that Jesus was three days and three nights in the heart of the earth and came forth alive by the mighty power of God in the quickening of our Saviour\u2019s body by the mighty Spirit of God.I take it that Dr.Ritchie belleves this last anyway, except for the question of the full length of time, three days and three nights.I believe also that Jesus foretold this as a sign that the elect would believe and did believe when it came to pass.Dr.Ritchie had better not contend that Jesus did not give them miracle signs, for every reverent betieving Bible student knows that He did on every hand.But they fulled te see the signs as miracles or to believe in them.But the great test sign He named for them the earnest, honest hearts did believe when it came to pass, namely: the resurrection.Tiat is distinctly the line of argument Jesus used, tray He would only \u2018give one great test sign that they migh* believe when it came to pass and not that no sign would be given whatever, for there were multitudes of miracle signs mulii- plied on every hand before thelr very eyes.To follow the line of argument of Dr.Ritchie is to deny that Jesus gave any miracle signs.which stand Dr.Ritchie's argument: appears to tike.Now as to the length of time Jesus was in tie earth, I beileve He wan there Lhe ful) :*ree days and three nights even if the pap] - hellef of Lo-day le that Jesus was crucified on Friday and arose early Sunday morning.It Is nowhere declired in ihe Grrintures that Jesus was crucified on MONTREAL WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 2, 1924, Friday.It says that the Jews wanted Him taken down from the cross that very afternoon before the Sabbath but it does not say it was the Jewish regular Seventh-duy Babbath.As we know, It was the Passover Babbath M the time the Jews were gathered In Jerusalem for the great Passover feast, Jesus ate that Passover supper with the disciples in the upper room the evening before He was crucified.Now, the Passover Sabbath was not the same as the regular Seventh-day Babbath at all.in lev.23: 6 and 6 we read, \u201cIn the fourteenth day of the first month at even Is the Lord's passover, and on the fifteenth day of the same mouth is the feist of unleavened bread unto the Lord: seven days ye must eat unleavened bread.\u201d In the Tth verse, \u201cIn the first day ye shall have an holy convocation, ya shall do no servile work therein.\u201d That is, the first day of those seven days of the Passover feast was the Lord's Passover beginning in the evening of the fourteenth day of the month and continuing over the fifteenth day of tho month.This first day was to be a holy convocation, or boly day of worship, and no work was allowed that day.Or, in other words, it wae kept as a Sabbath, and being the Passover Sabbath, it became the most important 8abbath of all the year.This Sabbath would not always come on the Seventh day Sabbath, but only once in seven years would it fall that way because it always came on the fifteenth day of the month.For example, Christmas comes on the twenty-fifth day of the month, and only comes on our Sunday once in seven years.So it would be with the Passover Sabbath.Now, when we turn to John 18: 31 we read, \u201cThe Jews, therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the Sabbath Day (for that Sabbath Day was am high day), besought Pilate that thelr legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.\u201d John distinctly eays here that it was not the regular seventh day Sabbath but a especial high day Sabbath for them, and, of course, it was; for it Was the Spe- cia] Passover Sabbath whick was the great high day Sabbath for them of all the-year.À simpie explanation then that keeps the truthfulness of Jesus\u2019 words and gives harmony with other portions of the Word is that Jesus was crucified on Wednesday.the fourteenth of the month and the preparation of the Passover when they were killing thelr lambs that evemng.Then He would be taken down from the cross Wed- neaday evening before sundown, or before the Special Passover Sabbath, beginning that evening at sundown and continuing over the fifteenth on Thursday.This would give him Wednesday night, Thursday, Friday and Saturday in the grave, being the full three days and three nights in the grave with whatever part of Saturday night that He spent there extra.Thus He would be hastened into the grave before sundown, the beginning of the Special Passover Sabbath, and arose very early the first day of the week (Sunday), after the regular seventh-day Sabbath was i make no apology for such a pre-con- celved bias on the Scriptures that I thus come to them with a believing mind, believing all of Jesus\u2019 Words to the exact fetter., ARTHUR H.METCALF, Bancroft, Ont., June 21, *24.(To the Editor of tae Witness) Sir\u2014!t would be mcst unfertunate it the impression conveyed by Mr.Spooner\u2019s letter in your issue of June 18th, that two- thirds of the ministers or, as you suggest in your editorial of the same issue, one in five or one in six, would find their occu: pation gone when Church Ubion is accomplished, should be generally accepted.1 think 1 can speak with knowledge for the large area covered by the Synod of Mani toba and ! know that instead of local Church Union throwing ministers out of employment, it has made it possible to carry on our work by releasing a sufficient number of ministers to meet our needs.Bince 1914 the Colleges have trained comparatively few students and the sixty or seventy ministers displaced by local Union in this area during the past few years have ali been absorbed in the work; if (here had not been relief from this source I do not know what we would have done.There is not one Presbyterian minister in the Synod of Manitoba avail able for work in the regular way, without a congregation, and several have come in trom other parts of the country to help us, Moreover, more than a dozen country charges, on account of the industrial depression, have been temporarily reduced to mission status and are at present served by students.This fall, two or three may be able to return to regular status, or at least to ordained mission states, and If we had sufficient veveaue for Home Missions they would all be restored to at leas: ordained mission status, There are not enongh ministers in Manitoba available for work tu fill the prusent vacanciés, to say nothing cÙ those missions.Again, thera are fewer (han twenty areas, outside of cities.where local Union ta not established.and seven of these are towns of 1600 and over, and in most of the | others the ministers of both Churches hold services fa three or mcre preaching stations every Sunday, All that local Unlon will do in some of these latter areas is to rearrunge the picaching stations and to elir inate the ministers driving back and forth over one another's tracks.1 know that the situation as it is in Manitoba pre- valle in Saskatchewan, and probably In other provinces as well.The slow progress of Church Union has made it ible to get the adjustments made without hardship and In these days of small theological classes it has provided the men necessary to keep the work going.JOHN A.CORMIE, Norwood, Man.June 20th, 1924, THE SASKATCHEWAN REFERENDUM (To the Editor of the Witness.) 8ir,\u2014By your issue of a recent date 1 noticed the Saskatchewan voters are again to be burdened with another referendum by which the liquor men hope to give their legislators an excuse for giving them legislation to thelr liking.The very fact of their anxiety to have the present law abolished proves to a certainty its efficiency.Saskatchewan, up to the present, has made a noble fight against the traffic and we trust the temperance people will be active until the 16th of July is over and not lose what they have fought a Hte-time to secure.The only hope the ligior people have, is that by persisting they may find the temperance voters asleep.Every move made by the temperance people is a matter of self-sacrifice; while the Rummles have an eye to monetary galn to themselves.By suppiying their victims with what mikes them an easy prey, the dealer is able to become wealthy at his expense.There are only two classes we expect to vote for the traffic, that is the knave, which Webster's Dictionary defines as a disgrace- tul fellow; and the fool, which, by the samc authority, we find to be a simple, unwise person.There may have been words recently formed more appropriate, but old Webster's should suffice to make each voter choose to accompany to the poll om the 16th of July the self-sacrificing prohibition voter.The tactics of the Rummies\u2019 advocates are to be quiet as possible until election day so as not to stir the temperance enthusiasm, and thus delay organisstion and their strength be lost.You have the power \u2014use It.J.R.GOVENLOCK.Seaforth, Ont.THE CRIME OF WAR (To the Editor of the Witness) Sir: \u2014 In your editorial on war you propound the age-long question of self- defence.As a rule the weaker man or nation seldom attacks the stronger one.Japan is mot likely to invade a stronger nation than her own unless backed by some other power.If one violates nature\u2019s laws one must suffer the results.No defence one may make can mend matters very much, and to some extent the law of right action is very rimilar, for punishment usually follows wrong.While sel{-defence may sometimes defend.it very often causes much greater suffering as in the care of Belgium.It the Golden Rule is ever to become the law of nations some one must sacri tice something to make a start.Religious leaders have also usualiy been the leaders in war, and made every war a righteous one.Witness the church in some twenty nations during the world war.Surely the way of the League of Nations and of peace is the more excellent way.Many of our church assemblies and conferences have lifted their voices against the crime of war, and it really seems as if either war or our twentieth century civilization must go.In times of peace whon uational passions are dominant, at least to some extent, the Witness will prove a grest disappointment to many if it does not leud the genius aud the power of its editorial pen to do all in its power to bring about the heavenly message of peace on earth and good will to men.A.STEWART Note: We should have thought that every reader would have seen that that is Just what the Witness is trying to do.We pointed out that there is no use is passing resolutions against war unless wlilliag to be square upon questions of international amity, also if not wiliing to face aquare- ly such questions as what Belgium should have done when France wag being invaded through her, and what France sould have done, also what Britain and the United should have done, Buch gemerali- ties do not toe th?mark.Twelve hundred policemen wers assign- od to keep order at the Democratic convention ila New York.They were all need- oo FIVR BEAUTIFYING GOLF GROUNDS (To the Editor of the Witness.) 8ir,\u2014~The writer, while stopping for 4 few days at Fox Hills Golf Club, happened to hear the committee in charge of the flowers around (he Club House say the members did not display sufficient interest in beautifying the grounds of the club, so we drew up the enclosed letter and followed it up by personally taking a mixture composed of Flanders and California poppies and Bachelor Button seeds und broadcast them in every part of the unplayable rough, on the course and called the attention of the members to our purpose in do ing so.We were not only gratified but astonished at the interest displayed by many of the members, whom we did not even suspect of knowing the difference between a flower and a cornstalk.and the idea created immediate favorable comment.Since then in talking with members and officers of some of the Detroit golf clubs we found the same enthusiasm, so with the rapidly growing demand for golf we thought it too good an opportunity to let slip by, without trying to interest prominent and influential golters in every field, 30 as to put the idea over big and start immediate combined effort of all of the golf clubs of America in beautifying the ugly and unplayable spots of golf club properties.~ While the Flanders poppy is still fresh in their minds, would it not be a good ides to try and perpetuate them, If we can get them to grow as they do in Europe, and beautify the entire landscape of the coun try.We believe the object is worthy of your efforts and we would thank you for your co-operation.ARTHUR D, MITCHELL, Detroit, June 24th.PRICE OF FARM MACHINERY (To the Editor of the Witness.) 8ir,\u2014I have been a reader of your paper for a good many years, and when renewal blank came I was asked if | was going to give it up.I replied I would rather give up a five dollar daily than it.I consider it the best paper I have had the privilege of reading during sixty-Âve years.Having noticed a few papers back a statement of agricultaral manufacturers giving price per Ib.of machinery made, allow me to say there is a part they did not tell, I had to get a small pinlon, weight, 1-4 Mo.and 1 was déked only forty Cents for it, or one doltar and sixty cents a Ib.{ could enumerate other things in the sante category.Why don't they give price per Ib.of what a farmer sells: Wheat, ! 1-2c; oats ln West, 5-6c and less; hogs, Tc; eggs, l6c; butter.34e, and.In many places, much less.Compsre also the hours of labor and côx= pensation.Perhaps this is out of line.but hammer away at the temperance question, \u201c A BUGGESTOR.\u201d WAR PAINTING ATTRACTS CROWDS IN PARIS A great deal of Interest and attention is being given to a painting in the Spring exhibition at Paris, showing that the people of Paris, at least.have not forgotten their war dead.Devambes's \u201cLa Pensee aux Absents,\u201d which, while not a masterpiece, nevertheless is a great picture.It shows the life.sized figures of three women seated on tha Lase of a monument erected in memory of the French war dead.Each has her hands clasped in her lap.The figure ia the centre isthat of a middie-aged woman\u2014a mother\u2026 On her face is an expression of poignant sadness, mingled with resignation.To her loft is a most beautiful young woman who grieves for two slain in the war \u2014 her brother and her flance.Her head is bowed \u2014 she accepts her sorrow without fully comprehending it.The third figure is that of a wite, Her body Is tense, her head thrown back.Blinding sorrow and despair are indicated in every detail of her posture.Beneath the canvas and enclosed in the same frame is a small oblong panel, painted for the most part in deep blue, It shows a ghostly procession of helmeted soldiers marching with fixed bayonets through a field where thousands of little white crosses stiad In am orderly array.All afternoon a dense, silent throng stood before the paiuting\u2014silent excent for sighs and occaslona! stifled sobs.Paper Mill for Newfoundland For some mysterious reason the fish deserted the coast of Labrador asd New foundiand last year.This naturally worked much hardship upon the natives and to cvercome the results of a possible see ond poor lishing season the Government is planning to establish a paper mill in Newfoundland which will provide new em ployment for the matives. 9 MONTREAL WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY =, 19e.MONTREAL WITRESS CANADIAN HOMESTEAD : NEWS OF THE WEEK .MONTREAL, JULY 2, 1924.Premiers\u2019 Conference At Chequers Herriot, Reporting to Chamber, Says Britain Will Cooperate For Defence and Peace-France Will Not Sacrifice Any One of Her Guarantees of Security.Premier Herriot on Thursday af\u2018ternoun faced both the Chamber and Senate with precise moswers to precise questions on what te had, and had not, accomplished in his trip to London and Brusseis.His ra- turn to Parliament and even to his own majority was not by any means in the nature of a triumph such as the enthusiasm with which the Chequers\u2019 communique as given to the world seemed to mer.For Defence and Peace Further negotlations with England were necessary, the Premier said, in order that necessary precaution for the defence uf the treaty and Allted rights be established.His alm, as was MacDonald's, would be always for closer co-operation for defence and for peace, and he would never consent to a sacrifice of any one of the guar- The Senate was cold, the Chamber critl- j80tees of security given by the trealy of cal.Both obviously were reserving their , Judgment, and the Upper House e:pecially anenis to hive constituted itself the guard- fan of France's rights.Poincare listened Quietly to the ministerial declaration and Joined without enthusiasm in the applause.It was obvious that he shared with others a feeling of relief that at least nothing bad been given away.Ten questions were put to the Premier in the Senate by the president of the Foreign Affairs\u2019 Commission, M.Hubert, who wanted to know:\u2014 The Questions First, was the experts\u2019 plan accepted without reserve by all the Allies and would it be put into operation without retouching?Second, was it correct that the Ruhr would be evacuated only in proportion to paymerfts made, and what precautions would be taken for its re-occupalion?Third, was any change in the program envisaged as to the occupa:ion of the left bank of the Rhine?Fourth, was France engaged to suppor: the admission of Germany to the League of Nations?Fifth, was Belgium is accord with France on questions of reparations and the disarmament of Germany and her admission to the League?Sixth, had Italy been informed of what was being done?y In connection with the granting of Hquor licenses, Ap amendment to the liquor law which would permit the sale of beer and light wines in licensed premises was passed by the council at Dawson City, Yukon, on P.MacKenzie, refused to assent to the amendment.referred the measur to the governor-gen.eral in-councll who Lad sdviscd him that the bill was unwise In view of negotia- consigned to the Yukon Government through Alaskan territory.bodies that each graduating class 'n med:- |- ileves it is entitled to more mail business.#7 Saturday.but Gold Commissioner George | He explained that he had (continues to decline.tions being conducted with United States authorities to permit shipment of liquors (Across the SUFFERS NO MORE WITH HEADACHES \u2018\u2019Frudt-a-ties\u201d frond ber from years of pala The Fruit Treatment seems to be the only way of completely ridding the system of the cause of Headaches.Miss Annie Ward, of 112 Hazen 8t.&t.John, N.B., says: \u201cI was a gread sufferer for many years from Nervous Headaches and Constipation.I tried everything, but nothing seemed to help me until I tried **Fruit-a-tives.After taking several boxes, I was completely relieved and have been well ever since\u2019.Practically all Headaches come m poisoned blood \u2014that is, the blood laden with impurities which should be carried from the body by the kidneys and bowels.; job ruite tives \"made from the juices of oranges, apples, figs an prunes late the vital organs of 6 body \u2014insure a pure blood Supply \u2014and completely relieve Headaches.250.and 50c.à box\u2014at druggists Or Fruit-a-tives Limited, Ottawa.= hes! teti: 2 Nhe a Their praivs of it {ealing and seeth- Dr, Joa.Aug.Sirois of St.Isl.dors.Que.net \u201cI ve frequently weed Minard's Lintmeat nd (leo presaribe it for my always wi most pfs results, and 1 consider the best all-round Liniment\u201d.C.A.King, M.D.also Minard'e in the following Worde SI have used Minard's Iiniment myself es well as preseribed it im my praitics when a liniment was required, and bave never failed to get the desired effect\u201d, : PEER Se D'J.D.KELLOGES « AST A ser | PILES It you euffer from Piles in any form we ave Information that may be of grec: value t@ [ng Send your name and address today aad wii be ent free by return mail MICMAC, \\ Yarmoutie.N,3 WNT'S MMEIPTHC SPECIFICS Glve good results.They do not remedy one disease and produce nother.They will re~ medy a larger percentage of cases and ia leas time than any medicine known.Wat's Rheumatic Remedy .4 Plie Remedy .vee \u201c Dyspepsia Remedy .® Conghs and Colds Remedy.148 \u201c Nervous Debility Remedy.140 * Appendicitis Remedy .440 « Fezema Remedy .158 & Ringworm Remedy .PF Any of these remedies will be sent post- pald to any address on recelpt of price.Wait Homeopathic Pharmacy .Aruprier, Outarie.Send for Manual (free) the United States In April the arrivals were 1,536 and for May it is probable that they dropped below 1,823, or 30 below the number during the e month last ysar.The value of settiers\u2019 effects brought from \u2018ine during April also fel) away to $312,000, which Is a very great drop from the figures of former years.Immigration from At the Montres) rparket sales of some brand- od steers and of 1Y good quality moM at $7 100 ibe, while a I9ad of heavy fat cows t $% per 100 lbs.nnd light heifers, with some young cows weighing $00 to 900 lbs.each, $4.28 to 34.60 per 100 lbs.The trade In small meats wi fatrly active.Calf prices were 50¢ Be 100 1bW.lower, with fair demand for picked ts at $7 to $7.50 per 100 tbu., medium quaiity lots xt $5.76 to $6.28 and common at $4.80 to $5.80.The market for hogs was strong and prices soered an advance of bôc per 100 Iba.since this day week, with sales of thick smooth fots at 38.75 to $9 per 108 Ibe.and poorer qual- My lots at 38.26 to 38.50 per 100 lbs, -\u2018fed and watered.A little more activity was apparent in the butaher and store cattle trade at Toronto.Mx- porters paid from $7 to $7.75 Sor a dosen heavy steers.They also purchased odd lots of handy- wolght steers from 36.65 to 97.75, and hetfers from 97 to $7.25.They bought a few cows st $4.and some bulla from $4.60 to $5.In tne butcher cattle ihe top price for a load of light steers was §7.Sales of small lots, $7.25 to $7.60.The bulk of the good to choice killers, $6.25 to 36.78, with common from $5.50 to 36 Butcher cows, $4.50 to 85 for the best, an odd male at $5.26.Medium to good quality cows, $3 to $4.25.There was à fair trade in bulls, $5.75 and & couple #5.The bulk of the best bulls, $4.26 to $4.50, with others $2.75 to $3.50.Some Nght steers as stockers from $6 to $5.68; heifers, 33.30 to 34.Calves were easler, half a douen bringing $10 a hundred.The bulk of the best calves $8 to 39, and medium quality ones $7 to $8.Common calves 34.60 to $6.60.The Jamb trade was Incilned to be easier, odd sales at $15.50 and $16.The bulk of the best lambs sold at 318, and mediums from $12.75 to $14.75, Culis sold from $10 to $13 a hundred.Hales of sheep brought $8 a hundred, the others, $3 to $6.The hog market remained steady at $8.60 on the fod and watered basis, or from $8.70 to 32.90 off cars.° CANADIAN TRADE WITH THE WEST INDIES When the estimates of the Trade and Commerce Department were under consideration on Thursday afternoon .in the « House of Commons Hance Logan, Liberal member tor Cumberlsad, delivered an interesting speech upon the subject of Ca madian trade with the West Indies.In the course of his speech, Mr.Logan advocated cancelling the present trade agreement between Canadas and the West Indies and urged the arrangement of a commercial union along the Maes of that which exists between the United States and her tropical possessions.He also ad- vocateéd-that the Government shomid take over ships the Canadian Govarn- went Werchant.r\u2018or purthase ar lease éther ships to provide cold storage, |, which abselutely.neceseary to .crezte buelpedy, for tropic: He agvocat- od Bastyr.GLa Lu ai the \u2018larger \u201ctéoficaË jetahdb,; boiiting out that Canada had only two trade agents in the West Indies, while the United States bad 70 comauiar agénfs there.JoBan also pointed out that Ca- {fife .Royal Mail Steam Packet - \u201csabaidies yearly $340,686, whitd\u201d fu- 1921, 1933, 192% the = Govern- mejt bad lost in operating Governmjent © ships $265,430.He did not advo cate that the vote to the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company should be cut off this year,.but a better plan should be found, when it was taken into considera- ton that the company sompeted with the Government Merchant Marine.- Canada had lost last year fn \u2018exchange two mit- lion dollars op tropical products purchased in the United States, and this sum of money should be used in providing cold storage facilities on Canadian ships.In reply to the leader of the Opposition, Mr.Logan stated that while he had gone to the West Indies in favor of political unfon with Canada, he had discovered since that it was practically impossible.Commercial union was the object to be aimed at.Hon.Mr.Graham, Minister cf Raïlways, announced that the Government proposed during.the \u201crecess to make a full investigation of all possibilities of trade with the West indies.He saw no resson why a new commercial agreement should not be made between Canada and the West Jriles IC it was thought such was neces sary.Fire In Reeth Timber Limits Fire broke out last week in tte J.R.Booth timber limit in the southeastern part of Algonquin Park and under a strong westerly wind oa Friday, the fames fresh- *nod and spread among the green pines until the conflagration was pronounced be- Fond control.Mr.Booth himself, in spite of his great age, was on the scene to watch operations, and between two and three hundred men equipped with fire engines and other implements for fre-Aghting\" struggled desperately to stop the progress of the fire.Heavy damage has been doue In the four-bundred-square-mile limit o.white pine, which is one of the finest remaining in the whole province.Aunt Mary was trying to persuade little Bob to retire at sunset, using the argument that all the little chickens.went to bed at that time.\u201cYes,\u201d said little Bob, \u201cbut the old ben always goes with them.\u201d MONTREAL W'THEES AND CAN ADIAN HOMESTEAD, JULY 2, 1534.LIVE STOCK PRICES COMMENTS FOR THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 28 Lite reading was done In the Winnipeg market with Choice steers going at $6.18 to $8.59, fair-to good, $5.2 to 4% medium, $4.60 to #; common, $¢ to $6.25; butcher heifers, cholce, 35.50 to $5.76; falr to good, $¢ to $5.25; butcher cows, choice, $4 to $4.50; fair to good, $3 to $3.16: medium, $2.50 to $2.75; canners and cutters, $1.36 to $2.35; bulls, good, §8 to $3.80; common, $1.50 to $2; oxen, good, to $3.50; medium, $2.28 to $2.75; common, 71.50 to $2: stocker steers, choice, $3.28 to $4; I io good, $2.28 to $3; stocker heifers, choice, to $3.23; fair to good, 32.25 to 32.75; feeder ateerw, choice, 33.75 to $4; fair to good, 95 to $3.50; calves, cholce, $7 to 81.50; good, 16 to $6; common, $2 to $4; hogs (according to Government grades), select bacon.37.50 to $7.70.thick smooths, $6.90 10 $7; heavies, $6.15 to $8.25: extra heavies, $5.40 to 35.50: shop hogs, $6.08 to $6.50; lights and feeders, $6.00 to $6.70; roughs, $3.60 to $0.80; sows.No.1, $5.40 to $5.50, No.2, $4.40 to $4.50; stags, $2.00 te $3.{ysarlings), fair to , $10 to $12; common, 36 to $9; sheep, fair to good, 36 to 39; commen, $1 to $5.\u2018There was no important change In the Liver pool market for Canadian cattle.Good steers sold at 19 3-4c to 20 1-2c per Ib., bulls at 18c to 12 3-éc-per ib.and cows at 16 1-2c to 17 1-2 per lb.si the offal.The supply of Irish cattle was er than the previous week, there being 1,546 head of fat and 1,480 head of store stock offered.The former sold at 19 1-4c to 21c per It.and the latter at 19 3-4c to 20 1-2 Cables from Gi Ww also reported the market firm and ti fairly active, with no change in prices to note There Were some sales of Canadian steers made privately at fio to 12 1-4c per ib, live weight.Bupplies of Bootch cattle were lighter under a good demand at 13 2-4c to 14 3-ic per ib.for medium |\u2019 and prime quality lots, and for heavy weights at 12 3-4c per Ib, Jive weight.The offerings of Irish cattle amounted to 370 head, which sold at from 11 1-2c to 12 1-4c per Ib.TwanTr.THAER a ms OU can realize on your field crops only once a year, You the returns from a regular milk cheque and a well-sclected flock of poultry will provide a cash income month by month, .- With a small initial investment for first-class fowls and - equipment, poultry will help to make your farm self- sustaining.They will utilize waste material, prove a constant source of revenue and provide a profitable and pleasant diversion for your wife and children.Ask fer 8 copy of sur Memoranda Beek, contoining useful information for farmers.[ FOR LEISURE MOMENTS .\u201cA windy M.P., in the midst of à tedious speech, stopped to imbibe a glass of water.\u2018I rise, sald Sheridan, \u2018to a point of order.Everybody started wondering ed wh the point of order was.\u2018What is it?asked the Speaker.\u2018I think, sir,\u2019 sald Sheridan.\u2018it is out of order for a windmill to go by water.\u201d \"THE PLAY'S THE THING\u201d Golf Instructor (to.Pupli): \"Ye maan tak\u2019 things mair seriously.Ye seem fae think gow! ie pastbing mair than a gawe!\u201d \u2014The- Bystander.As the train was about to start, a very stout man struggled into a carrlage and sank Into a seat, breathing heavily.A small boy who sat opposite appeared to be fascinated.His ardent gaze eventually began to annoy the stout man, who demanded angrily: \u201cWhy are you staring at me?\u2019 \u201cPlease, sir,\u201d replied the lad, \u201cthere's nowhere else to look.\u201d An Englishman was showing an American round his estate and, coming to & giant tree, proudly said: \u201cWell, Sam, what do you think of that tree?It will take some beating even in America.\u201d \u201cRubbish; in America the trees are so tall that it takes two men to look to the top of them.One looks upwards till he gets tired, then the other one commences where the first left off.\u201d First Coster\u2014 Well, poor old Bill's gone.Secapd Ditto \u2014 Poor, indeed.Luckiest bloke I ever see.Couldn\u2019t touch nofini without it turned to money.Insured \u2018is \u2018ouse-\u2014burned in a month.Insured \u2018isselt as'in baccident\u2014broke \u2018is harm first week.Joined the burial serciety last Toosday and now \u2018e's \u2018opped it.1 calls it lucky.A shoemaker in a Nova Scotia town bat considerable trouble in getting his customers to claim and pay for their boots and shogs.and in order to hurry up matters put the following sign in his window: \u201cAll boots and shoes left at thia shop and not claimed within thirty days will be coled.\"\u2014Everyhody\u2019s Magazine.A certain clerical gentleman in England was recently broadcasting.He was very nervous.and at the conclusion of his lecture he backed hastily away from the microphone and ejaculated in no uncertain voice, \u201cWhat a beastly experience: I am glad it is over.\u201d The switch had not then been disconnected, so the worthy clerics remarks floated out into the ether.Before the first white settlers came to the New World the Indians had discovered the secret of the maple tree.Crudely and wastefully they were turning the sap into syrup and sugar, A party of scientists have returned from an exploration junket through Chile with stories of birds which scream all night at regular intervals and in unison with other members of the flocks.Specimens of bird life never herstofore aystematically studied were encountered and some brought back to the United States.Sam unfortunately had picked out an unusually combative helpmate After thres days of married life he returned to his job looking somewhat wilted and woe begone.His employer, knowing the cir cumstances, sought to joke with him.\u201cSam,\u201d he said, seriously, \u201cyou look as W you'd been in a battle.\u201d \u201cYo' jes\u2019 bet Ah has, boss,\u201d replied Sam, ruefully.\u201cBut dat ain't de wuss of it.Ah \u2018pears to have gone and warried mah- self to the whole world wah!\u201d \u201cSay, young man,\u201d asked the old lady at the ticket office, \u201cwhat time does the next train pull in here and bow long does it stay?\u201cFrom iwo to two-two,\u201d was the curt reply.\u201cWell, | declade! Be you the whistle?\u201d THE CHEERFUL WOMAN Is One Who Has the Rich, Red Blood of Good Health, The fact that one woman is bright-eyed, rosy-cheeked, strong and cheerful, while another is pale, weak and depressed is due more often than otherwise to_the condition of the blood.The way to remedy this depressed state is to build up the biood, and for this purpose there is no other tonic can equal Dr.Williams\u2019 Pink Pills.A case in point is that of Mrs.Melvin Abra, Graveley street, Vancouver, B.C., who says: \u2014\"\u201cAbout two years ago ! wan a very sick woman.| seemed to be wasting away and getting thinner all the time.[ grew so weak that the doctor sent me to the hospital, but the treat ment there did not help me and I return ed home.Then I tried a number of ton fes with no better results.At this stage my mother came to me, and as she is : tirm believer In Dr.Willams\u2019 Pink Pills she started me on this medicine.| ca: only say that they did wonders for ms 1 began to get new health and strengtl after I had taken a few boxes, and day b day this improvement continued until was again well and able to do all mp bousework, and I bave not had a sick day since.1 cannot recommand your pilb too highly and urge those who are lookin for health and happiness to give them trial.\u201d You cam get the pills from your druy gist, or by mail st 60 ctats a box fror The Dr.Williams\u2019 Medicine Co.Broct ville, Ont. © « TWENTY-FOUR FARMERS COUNTRY PRODUCE A fairly active trade continues to be done iw eggs with no further change in prices to no sales of fresh extras being made at 3bc, fi at 3c.and seconds at 2c per dozen.The was no improvement in the demand for map product and prices were unchanged with maple Ryrup quoted at $2.16 to $2.28 per tin of one gallon, and at $2.45 per gallon in five-galon tine, while choice grades of maple sugar in small lots sold at 22c per Ib, and No.2 grade at 18c per !b.\u2018No.1 white clover honey in comb quoted at 25c per section, No.2 grade nl 20¢ per section, No.1 amber at 23e per section, and No.2 amber at 19¢ per section, and whitd extract honey in 30-tb.tins at t2e per 1b., 10-1b.Hd at 12 1-2¢c per 1b, and 5-1b.tina at 13¢ per \u201cThe trade in potatoes was reported quiet and the undertone to the market was easy with Green Mountain white stock quoted at $1.60 10 $1.66 per bag and Green Mountain reds gt $1.38 to $1.40 per bag of 90 Ibs., ex-track.In hulk.THE DAIRY MARKET Owing to the much larger offerings on the butter market than last week prices for all grades of butter declined 1-ic to 3-8¢ er 1b.with round lots of No.1 pasteurised creamery at the cluse of the day quoted at 34 3-80 per 1b.No.1 creamery at 33 3-8c per lb.and No.3 creamery at 32 !-dc per 18.On the local curb market the demand was steady, No.1 pasteurized creamery butter was disposed of at 33 3-4c per lb.No, 1 creamery at 33¢, und No.2 creamery at SL 7-8c per ib.while the cheese sold at 17c per Ib.for No.1 xrade and at 16 per Ib.for No.3 grade delivered here.New York.\u2014Butter steady; receipts.creamery.firats.88 to 31 score, 38c to dlc.Eggs, weak; receipts, 30,285.Fresh gathered, extra firsts, regular packéd.28e to 28c; do.storage packed, 28 1-2c to 29 1-Ic; do, Grsts.regular packed, 27¢ to 27 1-3c; storage packed, 28c to 28 1-2c: do.second: d poor- 1,718: AUSTRALIAN LABOR DESIRES PEE.FERENCE An attempt by a.Government supporter to show that the Australian Labor party had thrown cold water on the proposals for Imperial preference provoked an angry scene in the House af Representatives.Mr.Manning, a mwinisterialist.suggested that Premier Bruce should consult with Mr.Charlton.leader of the Labor party, in an endeavor to persuide Mr.Charlton and his party, in the interests of soldier settlers, to abandon their contemptuous treatment of preference, The Prime Minister replied that the question had better be addressed to Mr.Charlton, and this precipitated a series of angry interchanges.Mr.Charlton vehemently denied that he was opposed tc Impertil preference, and declared that he himself and his followers im the Labor party had been anxious to vote for nrefer- ence, but were prevented from doing s0 by the tactics of the Government in bracket- ting preference with other conference proposais.\u201cYou had every opportunity of convincing the British Government that the preference proposals should be granted, and yet you scorned to: take advantage of it.\u201d interjected the Prime Minister.The Inbor members shouted indignant denials to this.When peace had been restored Mr.Bruce said in reply t0 a question put by Mr.Gregory that he would declare what were the Govermment's intentions with regard to a reciprocity agreement with the Domimon of Canada after he had discussed the matter with Senitor Wilson, the latter having paid a visit to Canada for the purpose of discussing matters regarding trade proposals.From Adelaide comes a communication to tte effect that business men and producers there are not at all surprised by the rejection of the preference resolutions by the British House of (\u2018ommons, amd some of them are even urging retaliation oa British manufactured goods, while others are prepared to face the world on the quality of their goods and' produce.such as wool.° TISHEX RESEARCH VIELDK VALUABLE INFORMATION Within the past year new kuowledge regarding the effect ob rate of growth on the strength of Canadlän woods has been reached at the Forest Products\u2019 Laborator- fos of Canada (Dominion Forestry Branch), Montreal.The fact that rate of growth exercises an important influence on the mechanical properties of timber had been brought to Îlght by previous research.It was known that in soft woods, such as pine and spruce, slowly grown material tended to be stronger than that of very rapid growth, and that in the so-called ring-porous hard woods, such as ash and oak, the reverse was true, slowly grown wood being inferior in strength to that of more rapid growth.Analysis of the resuits of many thousands of strength tests, made at the laboratories, has now enabled the investigators to go & step further and to determine definitely the rates of growth at which maximum strength is developed In a number of the important commercial woods of Can- ads.This Information finds practical ape plication In a large number of wood In which the strength of the m is a primary consideration.À MONTREAL WITNESS AND CAN MARKETS er, 25 1-2c to 34 1-20; nearby hennery, Browns, tras, 3c to 38e.Fo Crease, firm: receipty.348.264 pounds; State, , fresh average run, 19° to : te.whole milk, twins, fresh fancy, 20c to 20 1-2¢c.THE GRAIN MARKET There was more activity in the Winnipeg cash wheat market, with No.1 northern selling at 1-8c per bushel under the July option, No.northern at 3 1-4c under and No.3 northern at 7 3-4¢ under, while actual cash wheat prices were weaker at & decline of 1 1-3¢ to 1 6-8¢ per bushel, with No.1 northern quoted at $1.19 1-4, No.2 northern at $1.16 1.8 and No.3 dorthern at $1.13 5-8 per bushel, ex-store, Fort William The local export trade in ail lines of grain continues very quict, but advices from New York stated that sales of No.| northern wheat were made at llc per bushel over the Winnipeg July option, f.0.b.Montreal.The domestic market was also slow und prices were unchanged.with car lou of No.2 Canadian west ern vats quoted at, 52c to 52 1-2¢, No.3 C.W.at 50c to 56 1-20, No.1 feed at 48« to 49 1-20 and No.2 feed at 45 1-2¢ to 4c per bushel, ex- store Cash prices at Winnipeg: \u2014 Wueat \u2014 No.1 northern.31.1% 1-4; No.2 northern, $1.16 1-8; No.3 northern, $1.11 5-8; No.4, $1.03 3-8; No.8, 98 5-8c; No, 6, 98 1-bc; teed.81 6-8¢; track, $1.19 3-8.Oata\u2014No.2 CW.41 1.4¢c; No.3 CW, 10 G-8c; extra No.1 feed.4lc; No.1 feed, 38 1-4c; Wo.1 feed, 87 $-4ci rejected, 36 1-4c; track, 42 1-2c.Barley\u2014No.3 C.W., 8 1-4c; No.4 CW.a HE: rejected.63 7-bc; feed, 63 1-8c; track Rye\u2014No.1 C.W.T6c: track, T6 1-40, Flax\u2014No.1 N.W., 32.19 1-2; No.2 CW, fes 1-2; No.3 C.W.and rajetced, 31.98; track, \u201cForelan Exchange Department, Bank of Montres shows sterling $4.33 1-4 (par value, 4.86 2-3.) New York Funds, 1 3-33 premium.COMMUNIST PARTY LOSING GROUND In a speech remarkable for its candor, G.8.Zinovief, chairman of the ffth congress of the Third Internationale, at Moscow, told 500 delegates of that of- ganization that there was no reason to feel discouraged over the fact that the communist internationale has failed to obtain victory in the majority of western countries, or that social revolution has not been developed with the rapidity anticipated in the early days of the, Russian revolution.Most of the delegates had before them statistics from their own countries respecting the status of the party.It was shown that with the exception of Russia, where the Communist party bas increased trom 430,000 members to 000:000, the strength of the organization in wost of the foreign countries has gecrensed.For Instance, it is shown that the membership of the party in the United States dropped from 20,000 to 5060, while In Great Britaln it decreased (rom 10.000 to 3,000, im France from 130.000 to 100.008 and in Germany from 300000 to 250,000.\u201cWe were mistaken in our judgment regarding the speed of the world revolution,\u201d said Zinovieff, \u201cand where we had to calculate upon years we have been calcuiat- ing upon months.\u201d Zinovieff, who, since Lænin\u2019s death, has taken the foremost role in all the communistic activities, vigorously atticked the Second Internationale which recently held a session in Vienna.He said this body represented only \u201cthe aristocracy of the working classes and Is unable to free the workers from the capltallstic yoke, because fits leaders are supporting the bourgeois governments.\u201d The presidium elected included Leon Trotsky, W.Stalin, Clara Zetkin and William Dunn.IRISH ENVOY FOR WASHINGTON Baron Arnold, Under-Secretary for the Colonies, jutormed the House of Lords on Wednesday that the British Government had Instructed its Ambassador at Washington to inform the United States Govern ment that Great Britain had reached the conclusion it is desirable that the conduct of matters at Washingion exclusively re- isting to the Irish Free Btate should be entrusted to à Minister plenipotentiary accredited to the United States.He added the Government trusted this proposal would be acceptable to the United States tord Arnold went into a full explanation of the status of the Minister, should the United States consent.This action was based upon a precedent set in 1920, when it was agreed that Canada might be separately represented at Washington.The Minister would be appointed by the Free State Government and receive his credentials In the usual manner from the King.Both documents would make It clear that the appointment was solely for the purpose of desiing with Free State convention terms.Careful! provisions had been made governing the British Ambas- ter and for dealing with cases where the respective functions might overlap.The British Government was confident the appointment would strengthen its cordial re- Intions with the United States without In any way impairing the principle of diplomatic unity of the whole British Wmoire ador at Washington and the Irish Minis-° ADIAN HOMBSTEAD, JULY in operation, \u20ac To the pany aff recognized rule.SUN L Cost THINK of It in THIS WAY \u20ac Sun Life policies are more than mere con- .tracts.They are lioks in friendliness with an organization whose service is world-wide 3 y under its policy the Com- all reasonable assis | establishing claim.Prompt settlement is a Yos Can Rest Assured =\u2014p\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014_\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014s MONTREAL WEEKLY WITNESS Edited by JOHN REDPATH DOUGALL Cannde\u2019s Leading National News) Always Independent aud Depends Streag aad Courageous.Besides tes grplendia Noïre Feaiures Rt has Special ri es, edited by experts, of ine terest to members of the family, and to ail walks of life.Its Market and Stock and Financia! Review are fair and most trustworthy.Its Literary Review.splendid Short end Berial Btories, Home Department, Young People\u2019s Departmenta\u2014cover & wide range of - human interest.Its Queries and Answers on all subjects, including Agriculture, Velerinary, Poultry, etc., and its Farm and Garden Departments are greatly pried for thelr practical and timely hints and information.The \u201cWitness editorial pages are unique.and worth the fuil price to anyone, especially now, ge a year) N TRIAL to New Hubscribers, only $1.56.Three or more NEW Subscribers, $1.00 each.WORLD WIDE 4 Canada\u2019s Leadinge Weekly Review.AH the beat things in the worid'u grestest journals and reviews, reflecting the current thought of both hemispheres.The busy man's paper.Nothing lke it anywhere at the price.It Is literally \u201ca feast of reason and a flow of soul\u2019* Almost every article you want to mark and send 10 & friend, or put away among Your treasures.$2.60 a year.ON TRIAL to New Bubscribers, one year, only $1.36.; NORTHERN MBSSEM Our good old family \u201cstory-teller\u201d friend, the \u201cNorthern Messenger,\u201d has been for fifty-nine years a favorite with the Canadian people.It gives splendid value for the money, and contri butes largely to a Sunday so well apent as to bring a wi of content.A strong Ally of the temperance causé.Sixty (00) a year.ON TRIAL te New Subscribers, ons year, only 46 cents.8.8.RATE\u2014In clube of six or more, to one address, ONLY té conta DOr copy per year.order, Unique Alberta Exhibit la view of the almost countless displays at Wembley, which are novel in the extreme, À seems invidious, perhaps, to pick out any single one for particular mention.The exhibit tent from Alberta, however, in which the Prince of Wales, his horse, and in the background his ranch at High River are all modeled in batter, does app al as being unusually noteworthy, It has taken three and a hall tons of butter to make this exhibit and tvo men are employed day and night keeping it {rosea to the riahe temperature.The reduced rates that we announce from time to time are open te the people their own volition take advantage of them.Those trouble to call on them ate not entitied to those rates.y helenge o vanvasser wi borised by ua unless thay have specially addressed This refers only to professions! cnnvasssrs Among friends clubs are bel warded all the time withewt any risk to anyone, ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION FACTS REGULAR AND CLUB RATES and CANADIAN HOMESTEAD 1.Weekly Witnes - -.- $2.00 S World Wide - - - - < - & Northern Messenger - A great family Club of AN Threc for $4.95; worth .$5.10 A GREAT FAMILY CLUB | Ne other group of three publications can =p completely sat, the whole family.SPECIALLY REPUCED ANNUAL CLUB COMBINATIONS Publications.Twalve months Worth Wikness and World Wide.for $400 $440 « # Messenger .fer 0225 9200 World Wide and \u201c for 98.00 N10 AR Three Publications.for $425 $5.30 ns Would Interest taki advantage of any of these CLUB COMBINATIONS may also send ia new subscriptions to oy of the threes publications at three-quarters of the full regular price.For Montreal Island and St.Lamberts, + Add to the foregoing rates the cost of lecal distribution, namely, for the \u201cWitness,\u201d 60e additional: for \u201cWorld Wide,\u201d S6¢ additional; for the \u201cMessenger,\u201d 50 cents additional, For Foreign Countries, Add to the subscription rates the cout of fore \u201cWitness,\u201d $2 sign postage, namely, for th 82 additional: for \u201cWorld Wide,\u201d $2.00 additional; for the \u201cMessenger,\u201d 1.00 additional For US.: \"Witmoss, Additional postage 3 \u201cWorld Wide,\u201d cents; \u201cMessenger,\u201d cents.M cents; * Sending Mone No subscription may be paid by cheque une less the oheque has wtrilten clearly across It the words Larabie at Par Montreal.\u201d Money orders are the best way to send money.Oniy small amounts may be sent in stamps and then only in the 1, 3 and $c denominations.Stamps of larger denominations cannot be accepted.JOHN DOUGALIL & SON, Publishers, \u201cWitness\u201d Block, Montreal, whe of who walt till someone takes the time und \u201cThe laborer is worthy of his be,\u201d molicits wand forwards & subscripiion credentials from um, secured and for oo long as the remittance made by mores Following the visit of the special service squadron to the Pacific coast of Canada the North American Bquadron has Leen ordered to make à cruise to ports in Nova Scotia, Newfoundiand and the St Lew- rence.\u2014 The Montreal \u201cWirnum anë Cannétan Homes end\u201d lo and published at No.328 ty of Mont Dnugaïl Frod ne , both of City treak Su tion rate, $3.00 a Taam, "]