Montreal witness and Canadian homestead the people's paper, 21 octobre 1925, mercredi 21 octobre 1925

[" JOHN DOUGALL & SON, Publishers.Te Wachs dll N OTHING very surprising occurred in the political campaign during the pest week.Mr.Forke has been hammer.tag away in the west, driving clearly home his clearcut ideas on the major fssues.Mr.Moighen has spent most of {ke week in his own riding in Manitoba.His feverish efforts there will arouse the sympathy of all fair-minded Canadians.It is an open secrst that in inducing Mr.Meighen to contest a western seat whera Be had previously been defeated, the fi- pancial lords of the protectionist party bad anticipated his personal defeat.In this event am excellent excuse would be afforded to substitute a more popular and ~what is of vastly more importance to the capitalists\u2014e more pliable figure head, as party chiéftain.Meanwhile Mr.King\u2019s personal prestige is said to be fairly soaring.Whatever the tendencies in Ontario, the return of the premier to ais native province assumed something of the proportions of a triumph.Dear to the heart of Ontario is the Empire.The Protectionists, who nt yore were wont to cover their tracks dy the frantic waving of the old flag, have had to discard these tactics.Even Toronto could not swallow.denunciation of the British prefer ence in one breath and mouthinge of loyalty in the next.Mr.King has grasp- od the unclaimed imperial banner.and is waving it on high.At Orilila the huge audience at his meeting presented the sppearance of a living sea of waving Union Jacke.But it was at London that the Premier scored his greatest victory.- Faced by a politicaily hostile audience Mr.King devoted his cpeech to a lauds tion ot tbe Locarné agreements and a dis cussion of world affairs.Concluding an eloquent peroration on the Britammic Com- Mmonwealth by calliug for three cheers for His Majesty, the King, Mr.King, had difficulty in escaping from the audience, in which Conservatives as well as Liberals pressed forward to shake his hand.Whatever happens in the pending election, Mr.King has won a new place for himself in the eyes of friend and foe alike.Mr.Mac- Causland, the famous Toronto wet leader, axpresses this opinion when he says: \u201cWe have made a big mistake.We have.underestimated Mackensie King's ability.\u201d The Montreal Demonstration R.MACKENZIE KING'S tactics In Montreal.were entirely different.Speaking.at the largest demonstration over staged in Canada, to more than fifteen thousand people, the Premler plunged into a courageous discussion of bis tar- itt policy.His task was not easy.His personal popularity is great in French Canada but the Liberalism of Quebec is not the Liberalism of Saskatchewan.Mr.King\u2019s effort appeared not as an attempt to win votes for this election, but to win French Canad'an support for a more progressive tarif! program.It is to the Prime M'nister's credit that he was willing to preach exactly the same tarif?policy tn Montreal as he did fn Prince Edward Island or Alberts.That he was able to hold the support of most of the audience \u2018was due to his appeal for tolerance, moderation, and respect for the rights of min.oritles\u2014all dear to the heart of Quebec.Among the Premier's foliowers hls attitude 1s regarded as significant.It ap Dears as though Mr.King was so confident of victory that he Is giving more thought to the carrying out of his pro- Dosed policies \u201cthan of winning more Seats in the new parlisment.Croce Currents Er get honestly from Mr.Forke the impression made upon the west by the new additions to Mr.King's cabinet, He ts reported to have referred to Mr.Vincent Massey as having said \u201cThe country Is not suffering from protection but from lack of purchasing power.\u201d In these troublous election times facts Sometimes suffer wrong in transmission.Mr.Masscy has repeatedly said in bis VOL.LXXX.NO, 42 Make campaign that the country is not suffer ing from lack of protection.According to the same despatch, Mr.Forke calls Mr.Marler a high protectionist.When elected before, Mr.Marler seemed to be distinctly a protectionist.though pro- fessodly a moderate one, and, what was worse, to be backed by protectionists.Now we find him with the fierce wrath of the protectionist press let loose upon him for the practical statesmanship of his utter ances ou the subject: and in the dragon's own den he is facing Its fury.It is such calm and cogent words zs these that bave enraged the protectionists: \u201cThe Liberal party recognises that city population is far too great for this country, and unless we have a large rural population such as will enable manufacturers to sell goods, it is impossible for the cities to be prosperous.How can ft be otherwise?We have our industrial situation over-expanded.We have too many factories t6 turn out goods, and too few markets to sell goods to, and until we get a large rural popula tion it will be impossible for ail factories to turn out goods, and make industry .Mr, Marler pointed out that in 1915 the factories of Canada had produced $176 per year per capita of the popala- pau nd In 1920 this bad risem to 431.\u201cThat sort of thing cannot go on,\u201d he efd.\u201cWa cannot expect to group our population into city districts, multiplying industrial districts, unless we have markets.We have to be reasonable, and the efforts of the L'beral party are to Maks the farmers prosperous and happy 80 that they can go forward and buy tis viewpoint much, it at all.He bas evidently bern seeking to know what is best from à Liberal point of view under the circumstances and has certainly displeased the protectionists.Hudson Bay Rivalry 66 8 long as 1 am leader of the Com- servative party that road will be completed, or there will be a new leader of the Conservative party.\u201d Bo the oracle reads.It is as difficult to constrne as Canada A Land to Lov 80th Year that of Delphi.If it had read \u201cwill not be completed,\u201d it would have been gapable of distinct interpretation; it would also have been in full consonance with the first trumpet blast of the whole campaign, which pro elaimed that the success of the sald lead- #¢ would put a sudden stop to ali capital expenditures for railway extension, however much calied for in the interests of the system, or even for the abridgment of distances by adapting to each other hitherto rival lines.Without the \u201cnot\u201d this utterance is a plenary expungement of the whole of that first commandment.\u2018The Hudson Bay extension was not even one of the bits demanded by the manage ment as immediately calied for, which Mr.Meighen bad been daily denouncing, and which his Senate was holding up.It was going a big step fur ther than Mr.King had dared to go.Yet, as it was presumably spoken as an assurance to the West, we take it to mean that, as Mr.King had told the Western- ors he would give them the ine if they would only send him the support that would enable him to do so, Mr.Meighen found it necessary, if he would have that support, te go one better, and promise it any way; though there is mo evidence that the same Inhibition that had restrained Mr.King, namely, a prepoaderantly eastern following, might also restrain Mr.Meighen and confine him to his literal ut- MONTREAL WITNESS ~ CANADIAN HOMESTEAD The People's Paper MONTREAL, OCTOBER 21, 1925.| Thus SINGLE COPIES, FIVE CENTS, Subscription $2.00 per year.be the reaction in the west if all those who are doubtful of the government's in tentions could read the arguments of the Montreal Star, the chlet mouthpiece of protectionism in eastern Canada?! Inpam ed\u2019torial headed \u201cHow to Vote for Forke,\u201d this article hoids up the manifesto of the Progressive leader as something hideous to behold and concludes: \u201cIf anyone in Quebec wants these things.he knows how to get them.There are no Progressive candidates In this Province.But all he need do je to vote for the Liberals, and they will surely follow their practice in the immediate past by selling out thelr \u201cprinciples\u201d and pledges to the resolute Progressives in return for Progressive votes to keep them in office.\u201d speaks the Montreal Star, the co-partner of the mousecolored Fame fly Herald and Weekly Star.But while the Liberals are being bela bored in the east for their Progressive intentions they are being criticised in the west for having been too Conservative.The Grain Growers Guide expresses the resentment of its constituents at the fail ure of the government to live up to the Liberal platform of 1919 by stating that: \u201cThe Conservatives are true to false principles, while the Liberals are falss to true principles.\u201d ln fairness to the numerous genuine Liberals in the party ranks, a review of the history of the period fol lowing the adoption of the Liberal plate form might be worth while.It will be remembered that the convention was called soon after Sir Wilfrid's dexth to choose his successor, and to reunite the party 80 badly split by war issues.Mr.King was given the Laorier mantle.4 party platform was constructed in which the tar- terance, that that rond would take as long | if plank was inserted by Mr.A.R.Mac- as he was leader to complete.He\u2019 knows, master, Canada's supreme free trader.that 1f Mr.Patenaude, the creation of the | This was done in spite of the silent or ex- Montreal Star, and other henchmen are | progsed opposition of many eastern Liber- olected there will be a voice in the Cab:nais because the majority of the delegates ot that will not permit the building of the | wished to rally the advanced Liberals to Hudson's Bay Line, unless the whols gov-! efnment system is to be scrapped to some favored syndicate.What The Enemy Says ERHAPS the best thing that could bappen to -the Liberal party would be the broadcasting in various sections of the country of the arguments its opponents are using in the contrary sections, 12 the phrase may be allowed.What would he WITNESS PARTNERSHIP POLI Of PUBLICATION- MAKES YOU AND ME ENTIRELY RESPONSIBLE FOR OUR OWN JONESVILLE \u2014 their banger from coast to coast.Within a few months, however, the Liberals found themselves faced by 4 third distinct party\u2014the Progressives\u2014who succeeded in the 1921 elections im separating from the older party a large volume of its usual support.Mr.King found himself faced with an awkward predicament when ; he was thrust into power.He had 2 platform designed to pleass the more advane- ed Liberals: while his following in the house contained large numbers of those opposed to, or lukewarm towards that platform.Mr.King attempted, and has since attempted, to induce the Progressive leaders to accept seats in his cab inet.For reasons that were doubtless perfectly valid, his offer was refused.Never theless the ministry has grown constantly more Progressive.Sir Lomer Gouin re signed.Tariff changes were made which placed agricultural implements on a virtual free trade basis.A standing offer of reciprocity was written into our taritf act.And, as the Conservative papers warn, there are clear indications that the progressive tendency is to continue.A King Cabinet containing Messrs.Dunning, Norris, Massey and, as has been hinted, Mr.Drury, would be an entirely different organisation from that formed im 1921, dominated, it was said by Sir Lomer Gouin, a pronounced capitalistic protec tionist.What's in a Name?E have no brief for any party, still less for any party name except ia so long and so far as it will and can apply to the principles of progressive libersilam.But we are pained at anything that splits true Progressive Liberals and hail with glee anything that purges Liberalism of chameleon-clothed, bigh-tariff intruders.The protectionists took the name Conservatives.It was a misnomer and a contradiction in terms.But the name Frogreasive-Liberal would be true to the best spirit of Liberalism and one ia which east and west, tillers of the soft and toilers in the city could enthusiastio ally join.National Vision ERHAPS the greatest danger in © protectionist victory would be tiv strais that it would put on national unity Il de avite tros that there are tous à | times and in the prairie provinces are op posed to it.The \u201cMaritime Rights\u201d move mont and is.a real protest against the soci National Policy.That it may manifest itself as a demand for a share of the spoils rather than as a de for the abolition of the evil does affect the truth of this statement.ia west the resentment is even more These facts should weigh heavily patriotic Canadians regardless of views on the tariff.À situation sactions of the country regard the or with hostility is to be guarded at ail osets.Canada\u2019s great need, her sbsolute necessity, is leaders with national vision.This camnot prosper i men or sec- think only and always of their own interests.This warning jEEiEL} ome by which representation in the federal house was made distinct from that in the provincial iegislatu It re- eogniszed the danger of a parliament composed of provincial groups striving first and foremost for sectional interests.There is danger of losing our nationhood local interests.A Conservative vic- tery might precipitate trouble.The re- erganization of the Progressive party on exclusive class iines would be just as dangerous.The need of the hour is broader vision, more patriotism, more thought of as a whole, less selfishness and \u2018 ¥ | EAUTHFUL are the thoughts that woven with love, devotioa, courage.What a blasphemy to make it a synonym for the exploitation of the helpless by the strong! Fifty years ago Canada heard the cry of her infant industries, them strughling in a small population to find.a foothold in Canada.She toek their advice, imperting from the United States withont tax their tariff wall ides.The manufacturers who are free traders in all they want to bring into the country are sadly inconsistent in refusing like advantage to their fellow-countrymen.They Americanised Canada in the matter of the tarif! idea.But the high-tariff-cost-ef- ving policy drove our own citisens out of Canada by thousands amd very effectively turned the flood of surplus lite of the old lands to the United States, & coan- try in which there was absolute tree trade between neaify half a hundred States and among a hundred million people.True, the United States had high tariffs to keep out alien competition, but ber chief result trom such was her loss of the world's commerce and of international brother- 300d and influence.Let us indeed have protection\u2014ihe kind that protects the country\u2019s natural emterprises\u2014the kind that protects its people from exploiters.Read Protection E are protectionists out and out\u2014 protectionists of the weak against the strong and the privileged.We think of the protective duties as licensed privilege.A protective policy is always a class policy.It never was, and never could be, honestly called a national policy.It divides between clipes and class, interest and interest.dt ls aimed at the develop ment of the unfittest for the benefit of # group.Human slavery no longer exists, but human serfdom is not ended.Organised capital and orgamised labor uniting for the maintenance of privilege at the axpense of unorganised citisenship iz the modara form of the age-long exploitation 0; the helpless by the strong.Those in- tevests themselves suffer.The manufac- tarers suffer from a greatly increased cost of production and consequent com- stricted market; and the werkers have te bear the high cost of living with the rest, or {les the country, as many do.How then can 30 many people be gnt to vote for a protective tariff?Simply because of the power of the popular press over the unthinking crowd.\u201cThe public love to be fooled,\u201d said P.T.Barnum.and the popular press loves to fooi them, since It brings great wealth from advertts- ing revenue from the manufacturers.The reason there are so few free trade papers \u2014outside of certala \u201cfree trade arcms\u201d or the subsidised farm organs\u2014the bulk of whess natural censtituency is for free trade -is obvisus, ani the reason whby ; Lara ourselves even more MONTREAL WITNESS AND CAN some so-called Liberals \"sing small\u201d whes they ought to be on the warpath is stmple enough.All publishers know that it is tantamount to self-sacrifice to work fer the genera! welfare.For the public will accept such service, as men accept the air they breaths, without costributing anything to it; while, on the other hand, the would-be-privileged interests persecute the publicapirited paper, and whole heartedly support the presa that subd serves thelr interests.The Witnsas sac rifices itself for the pcople of Canada.But there are few who realise the des perate tight in the front trenches agaiast ment.A Needed Volos out power.Wiltrid Laurier was away at a Colomial, his lieutenant, Israe! Tarte was in some way induced to jump the traces and go on a passionate pilgrimage for high protection\u2019 In response to the Dingley tariff.He was a conviaced advooate.When the \u2018Witness demanded his dimmnissal frem the ministry it received the following tele Sram: \u201cMay ! ask you to state in your paper that 1 will be in the Liberal party long after you are dead and buried?If your views on the fscal policy were known to be those of the party.we would be defeated at the next general stection by the same overwhelming majority that the same views received in 1878.7 It is easy seeing who had got hold of the mentality of the picturesque chieftain and to imagine the lure of succession to a leadership which might be hanging on & great man's lite.Tarte was dismissed, however, and was not long after seeking recognition as OComservative leader in his own province.His day was past.The Witness, however, cannot carry on its championship withomt cooperation.It does not get that from the interests: That is why there is so little advertising in its columns.Our readers may be pretty sure that advertisers whe do not use the Withess are persecuting it.They don't want to strengthen it in its fight for the public welfare by thelr advertising ap proprintions.And advertising managers and brokers, disliking its fight for probi- bition, advise their clients against the Witness.That is why it mast depend for support on the Individual man and woman who, with like davotiom to the general weitare, feels the need of such a paper, and knows the loss it would be to Canada if it could be crushed out by the privileged interests.Give the Witness a grester circulation and influence in your environment and give the preference to sdvertisers brosdminded enongh to use its columns.They.too.are your friends.Perhape the grestest problem of our civil sation today ia the control of the press by selfish money interests.Who is going te help face it?Canada\u2019s Bane E are giving crunt spacs in this number to à paper où econemics Ln- cause our reaflers have hod thoir inlerwst greatly awakened.They have all round them ths fog of protectinnism.It is in the air they breathe.Whea ast uttered it is umoomsciously implied in everything cne bears, still more in everything one reads.for what publication dare talk ic any other sense?Indeed, one rhing thar makes us proud to publish this article is : that, on acccunt of its theme, It could see the light nowhere vise, such is the tyranny of the organised interests that Jive by subsidy.and think they need it to live.But the primary reasns fir giving this paper to our readnrs is that we seldom see anything upua the subject that goes beneath the sto:x arguments: that one about the Injury othor nations dn us by selling to us and taking our monwuy «which as à matter of fact they don't take) money which.at whatever extra cont of production, it is averred, we should keep in the country.Also, that very bu- man one about doing to other peso ple as they de to us, a singulariy unwise ome, if in doing ao we ia than we in- ADIAN HOMESTEAD, OCTOBER 2, 1086.jure those we are out to injure.À good illustration of the need of keeping a lamp burning for the truth for Canada\u2019s sake ia Major Woodside's las::sr in this paper.Our correspondant is at least able to pit Limselt beside the praat Lincols in his great simplicity in the matter of economics.It is hard to gat even the suffer ers from customs duties to see that the extra cout of the protected articles they directly buy {is only the small end of the barm done them.There is alse the extra cost of every per son and cause to whoze support they have to contribute.But whit they and the country suffer from most is (he damage dome to their selling market by refusal to my.Everything the country buys abraad adds to the price we get for our exports.Nverything it refuses to buy net our makes life dearer through Lhe extra cout of home production bat actually lowers the return for the exporte of tha abundant astural wealth by which ths county lives and might sasily live much more prosper ously.We have coucinuaii\u201d insisted on this in brief.We are giad to be able to present it well reassued out.We should have been better pleased had thers been mare hope of ita iafinencing the present election.The reason for its mot having been printed ssoner, as hinted at above.| ia the well-nigh univerzal terror of offending the Manufacturers' Association and its advertising machinery.But tn any case such reasoning at first only reaches these who, like our own readers have pat\u2018ence to rend and are able to thiak.By and by, through them, it percolates to the many.The difficulty in 3 money-ruled country 85 to find papers williag to spruad the truth.Such as do 20 taire their lives tn their bands.What is the country heading tor?te Might Have Been 1 NSTHAD of baving too many railways tor her population Csnada by now would not have had railways enough if the rate of immigration which was going on before the war had continued.So said Commissioner Lamb, who has been for many years the Salvation Army's director of migration, speaking to the Rotary Club in Montreal.Thèse wbo put those roads through could not, he said, have foressen the war which put a stop to that flow.But the conditions of today are wrong.There is that in the situation whieh is positively criminal, the commis sioner held.Tbere are countries\u2014and within the British Empire, too-\u2014with more people than they can support, and there are millions of acres in Canada unused.Yom have no right, sxid the Commissioner, to hold that land cut of use.He was, of course, speaking en brosd lines.It was not, he said, simply a Canadian question.K was not even an impor lai question.K was & human duty.The Commissioner blamed the lack of movement on politics.He appealed to people who could act in their country\u2019s interests amd those of mankind unfetteved by party tc orgamise for the purpose of providing the country with people of good stock.Of course there were things which, im the midst of an electian, a speaker from outside the csmmtry could not say.Unquestionably the greatest of migration agen- cles is the post office, the letters written hemse by thoss who have made the adventure.It these prosper the tide will rise.1: they return discouraging accounts it will ebb.Thess reports will depend part.Iv an actus] tact\u2014and it must be confess od that the tacts for the years in question have be-n adverse.They will depend more on the atmosphere in which the newcomer finds himself; ané it cannet be denied that, owing to Cauada's railway war, and weather back-sets the atmos phere has deen full of creaking.The Chyward Movement N the present slection.cmpa\u2019gn a ver itable ficod of orstory has gushed forth over the why and wherefore of the exodus of Canadians to the United States.The Conservatives point to the fact that a hundred thousand Canadians crossed the border last year.The Liberals retort that th-y are returning by the thousands every month.All will agree that the loss of so many native-born Canadians is a serious matter.But the tact is that other than political cagees are to blame.The southward mov-mant is, and always has been.à cityward movement.Mach year thousanés of young Canadians decide to take commercial positions in the cities, They come from farms, towns, and the J cites themselves.Our own cities are wo | more able 10 absorb them than are the middle western cities of the states able to absorb those from their aurrounding dis tricts.The result is that eur young peo- vle go to \u201cthe States,\u201d where they are IL demand.\u2018This is no new condition.In 1918, fur instance, after three years of Conservative government, sevenly-five thousand Canadians crossed into the United States.Yet there were no walls shout \u201cthe exodus.\u201d In those days the northward movement was twice as great a» that southward.Americans, as \u2018well as Canadians, were pouring into the farm lunds of the west.But im the last few years the northward movement has hesm negligible, although this year it showed some signs of revival.The truth is that the farmers of this continent have been the victime of world depression since the war.The American department of agriculture announces that thirty thousand farms were abandoned last year, while twenty-five million acres of plough land lay idle.To these world conditions has been added the fact that the burden of hidden taxation bore much more heavily tu Canada on the farmer, who was also more at the mercy of world conditions Ilappily, there are proofs that the farm ers as a class will be in a much better position this fall than at any time since the war.But it is well to remember the basic facts concerning movements of pegmiation.Maps would be valuable that would indicate the location and density of population rather than political aivle sions or geographical details.People are porch the same on both sides of the bore der.It is hopeless to expect an imaginary limes to confine upheavals and changes te the people of either country.The present feverish and somwhat inexplicable, yeh te Florida is a good example.Ontarle\u2019 seerus to be affected almost as much 88 the northern States.Mob notions are not stopped by political boundaries any more than epidemics can be stopped by paral lels of latitude.The Sacrsd Franchise T HE Witness keeps getting enquiries Hike this: \u201cWhat am I to do?The Candidate of my own party bas declared in favor of liguor.There ia no better hope from any other candidate.Mast I spoil my ballot?The question of prehibition is question je in issue jou which I have strong views.\" Or the question comes thus: \u201cOme candidate is an honorable, fine type of mam, but a moderationist; the other is dry, but not of first class char acter\u201d We have heard the Blitish prime minister spoken of as the keeper of the King's comscienos.Witness is not able for so sacred and titudinous a trust.Even an English court wili not adjudicate except upon a comcrete case.The respon sibility of being à voter is often no simple one, and its complexity increases with the capacity of the voter to form a judgment.Such questions show that, while it is easy for organisations envisaging one aspect of the voters\u2019 duty.mayhap the most pus sling.te pass mandatory resolutions, the question that faces the individnal voter is often a distracting one, complicated by many considerations.It is bis own re sponsibility of which none can relieve him.An easy and very general escape from such perplexities is not to vote at all.Failure te register has besa a general feature of the current election.It may be laid down ae the tirst rule, that every one ought to cast his ballot.One reason for this is that i he or she does not look after bis own vote somebody else ia many cases will, and that of courss, for evil ends; so that his negligence becomes a betrayal ot his sacred trust to the corrupters of bls country.The vote is a vital fonction of democracy.The un-cast vote is a symptom of a diseased public condition.But even i there were no question.of talegraphing, & would be a pwblic sin to contribute to the atrephy of the great prerogative of democracy.If such abstegtion meant the surrender of government into the hands oi those best able, it would not be so bad, though even then it would fail of ons great purpose of democracy.that of bring ing each individual into personal relations with the government of the whole.But what it inevitably means is the surrender of the nation\u2019s interests into the bands of self-sookers, who appeal to the baser derty and see that their vote fe cast.The first rule there is at even great cost to cast & ballot as a sacred duty.The Dubrtons Vote E VEN then, might It be the right (bing to detace the ballot in protest agai tnianitous candidatures, or to cast It fof some figure-head wna.iate as a forlorn hope.The law prac_cally precludes sentimental candidatnre by requiring a subd stantial deposit.in neither case need the vote bs entirely thrown away.Such bal lots, it numerous, would be taken fato account in future nominations.If many sacrificed their political preference te a vote marked prohibition, nominations in tuture would have that earnest group im view.But in the common case the vote so cast would tell only very remotely on the question which the voter counts all important, while it would have its due weight upon the question that is befors the country.What we call common-sonse seems to decide in such a case.How then can We got the temperance question before the country?We seem to be thrown back on bringing all candidates to a public state went.Even that, however, may be unfair to à good man unless there is a substantial detached temperance vote behind the challenge.No candidate, however straight wants to invite the active opposition of the powerful liquor interest unless those who pledge him\u2019 find themselves pledged to support him in it with eager and effective effori.The whole thing falls back on the general question whether the country is sufficiently alive ou the temperance question to force the issue.We do not doubt that the country, by considerabls majority, wants to be rid of liquor, but sentiment has been allowed to lag under the vigorous propaganda of the traffic brought to bay by conditions in the United States, and ths education of the ris ing generation has, we fear, not been what ft was.That {a a defect which should cause great concern and be corrected in every way possible, and the methods of a former generation wers very many.It is said by some that the great victory in the United States was won on the sare foundation of a generation convinced in tte public schools.Stil we believe this ebb of interest and confidence is a pre Jude to n bigger flood-tide tham ever.We are interested to nots a county conven tion of the Liberal party.in New Bruns wick passing an out-and-out resolution in fevor of national probibition and full enforcement.The Liberal party of that province has just had a knock-down blow at the hands, as'is generally averred, of the prohibitionists, angry at the non-en- forcement of the provincial law by the Liberal government, and leaders are seeking rehabilitation with the peopls.The temperance people of that province have thus accomplished something if they have thus got the question into politics.It is only necessary for them to get as much alive in many other places.Once get the country as a whole thus divided on the issus, snd the victory is ours.Let no one imagine that because the province of Que- Lec has been betrayed, it is hopeless.The most of the province is under no license.The higher clergy are in favor of national prohibition, and thers are signs of a revoit | against the bad eminence in which the province finds itself.It is possible that unless our social service leaders show less hesitancy the French province may yet take the law.A tidal wave of prohibition swept over it some years ago.An Epoch HATHVER may be the accredited date of the great achievement, whether Saturday, the seventeenth of Octoder, 1925, or December first of the same year, we are convinced that it will loom larger and larger as an epoch in history, We are woll aware that evolation is gradual, that England was winning her liberties long before Runnymede, and has gone on doing so ever since.Btill it was possible to stick tn a pin at the date of the Great Charter, and treat it as a birthday of 1ib- erty.Without despising the day of small things we imagine that we are passing.almost unconsciously, one of history's Kreatest epochs, the turning point at which civilisation turns round from facing war- ward and determinedly faces peaceward, the sublime hili-top on which the nations of the earth stand together to for- Swear their sanguinary past and swear blood brotherhood.\u2018There will still be Petty disputes altogether out of keeping with this majestic view.To see great events, ns to draw a great picture, it is Recessary to close one's eyes to jarring details that what is grest may stand out in its grestndss.Seven pence treaties between recent foes were initialed last week, to be presently ratified by many Parliaments.then in another year in the evolution of League machinery to pass into the constitution ot mankind\u2014rubble upon which to erect a stately temple of world harmony.The greatest of them starts out with the solemn pledge on AONTREAL WITNESS AND CANAGIAN both sides not to make war upon each other.Was thors any conditioning clause further down?Let us not see it.It is the spirit of the action that is great and far more trustworthy than any wording.Wo must have in mind that the ome purpose of the League of Nations Qnd of the conferences that have been Ita accessories has been world peace\u2014that the one aim of all who went to Locarno was peace on earth and goodwill among men.And all tte nations clapped their hands, and be- like the angels also, when on that final day of joy, they saw Briand, genius of France, (who more so?) and Dr.Luther, the wellnamed impersonation of the real Germany, openly fraternising in à window seat, as indoed they had been quietly doing in excursions and luncheons during the negotiations.These two might perchance have reached results sooner; but it has taken six years to bring the nations to this.It would not have taken six months had Britain and the United States kept their word with France at the time of the Versailles treaty, and relieved France of the mightmare of a renewal of the late In- ferna.It wounld not have come about now it Britain and Italy had not brought themselves to do more than what was then promised but not performed, and given a guar antes to both opponents against assault from each other.There has been no time at which, even with the United States out of tt, it would not have been wise as well as nobte for Britain to face this danger ever alone.She did not need them, and does not now, a reciprocal guarantes, but apart from human considerations, her restored commerce would have been a larpe premium on the insurance accorded.Unity 7 of Europe T is the unity of Europe which we are building at Locarmo,\u201d said one of Europe's\u2019 foreign ministers to the press correspondents attending the historic conference.The expression is a fine one, for it indicates definite purpose.Much bas been eaid about the necessity of European \u201creconstruction,\u201d of the rebuilding of the social, financial, and industrial fabric, wrecked in the world war.That is not enough.Must the war go for nothing?It only meant the revival af the old Ruroper depleted in blood and ia treasure, Lut with all ita old racial- and national antagonisms and mutual dread remaining, with thelr seasonal product of fire and s'aughter.If the house vacated by the war demon remained empty, swept and garnished, at peace simply through ex- haustios, it would not have been long before he had returned bringing with him seven other spirits more wicked than himself, and the last atate of Europe would have been worse than the first.Bo the statesmen at Locarno with a \u201cWill to Peace,\u201d as definite and purposeful as Nietzsche's \u201cWill to Power,\u201d have sought to establish the foundations of the unity of Burope.For, strange as it may seem, Europe, the home of - progress, of culture, of civilization, has never been united.Its nearest approach to unity was in the day when the Mediterranean was a Roman ske and when all but the wilder parts of the continent were heid by & strong hand in the Roman peace.The vision of a united Burope was present with the great Popes, and equally with the great conquerors.But none of these could conceive of European unity save as under the sway of one sovereignity spiritual or temporal, or spiritual and temporal.Frotestantism brought with it an emphasis on the rights of the individual and of the individual nation, and it appeared as though the unity of Europe could never be anght beyond a devout imagination.A dream of a league of nations came to the statesmen who sat at the Council in Vienna.but to Metternich, Talleyrand and Castlereagh it must have presented itself as little more than a partnership of kings and kaisers, for the suppression of popular aspirations.The good Prince Consort pictured à Europe united by friendly rivalry in the arts of peace, but the Great Exhibition had only closed when the thunder of guns began, hardly to cease for more than sixty years.Mr.Stead preached \u201cThe United Btates of Europe,\u201d the last of the Csars inaugurated the Hague Peace Congress, there were-a thousand meetings and conferences of one sort and another between \u201ccross sections\u201d o° European population.Crowned heads, statesmen, theologians, labor men, bus!- negs men, philanthropists, educationiste, sportsmen, artists, met and discussed common intei and parted in mutual satesm.But and sinister powers were moving to defeat the efforts of Goodwill, and the efforts at their best lacked HOMESTEAD, OCTOBER 21, 1986.that popular interest and popular support which alone could make them operative.So the great war came, and the world for four years was whelmed in a deluge ot hatred and destruction.Simple And Strong IKE all great things the Rhineland pact is simplicity itself.The treaty of Locarno pledges France and Germany to submit to arbitration or mediation ali (s- sues whatsoever which may arise between them.The great covenant begins with a perpetual renunciation of war as à means of settling disputes between France and Germany.Then it declares that a demilitarised sone along the Rhine is establish.eG to be kept inviolable for ever by both parties.The pact then guarantees tbat Great Britain and Italy will immediately to to the aid of either country which is the vietim of violation of the Rhine sone, and to act in accord with the decision of the League of Nations on issuea threatening war, It also provides that Germany shall make arbitration treaties with her eastern neighbors, and that she apply immediately for admission to the League of Nations.Private assurances were given to Germany of early evacuation of Cologne and reform in the administration of the Saar valley.The difficulty over article sixteen of the covenant was surmounted by a declaration by France, Italy, and Britain, stating that the extent of Germany's participation in \u201ca League war,\u201d would be governed by the Reichs- tex Well might the conference terminate in the sunshine of goodwill.British people all the worid over will be grateful that British statesmanship had such a large hand in bringing the treaties to successful consummation.Mr.Baldwin and Mr.Austen Chamberlain are men both of transparent honesty and of resolute purpose.The one quality impressed the Continental mind with assurance that neither they nor Britain, whose part, as often before is sacrificial, had any axe to grind in the matter.The other quality supplied a driving force which refused to be turned aside until its great object was attained.So it is the hope of the world that peace is established, not only \u201cwith honor,\u201d but with justice.A Labor Irenicon N important decision is the condemnation of the Soviet movement by the American Federation of Labor.The meeting just concluded at Atlantic City has gone further, and has forbidden the American government to recognize that of { Russia because that government cannot ! claim to be the choice of the majority.That was, we believe, President Wilson's reason for refusing to recognize the government of President Huerta, of Mexico.It ts, however, introducing & new ground of estrangement between nations, seeing that the United States did mot, for that reason, repudiate diplomatic relationship with the Czar of Russia or the Sultan of Turkey.It has been accounted 8 sufficient task for self-governing peoples to govern themselves without attempting to govern other peoples, whose Interference with thelr own affairs they would resent.The Moscow government has, however, nothing to say, as it is busy in all countries under the sun.But what is much more significant than the definite condemnation of communism, is the renunciation along with it of an error in economics which is a leading cause of labor troubles.\u201cOf far-reaching importance,\u201d says Mr.John T.Foster, president of the Montreal Trades and Labor Council, \u201cas the new policy approved by the American Feders- tion with regard to wages.Im future, in the adoption of wage standards, compensation will be based om the productive ability of the indfistry concerned, amd not on what constitutes\u2019s living wage, as has been the case in the past\u201d Farreaching indeed! The hand-shake and, blood cove nant between France and Germany hardly means more to the world's peace than this.The standard set aside his meant, and must always mean, economic war, the new one must always mean cooperation between capital and labor, It gives labor a plain right to enquire into the condt- tions of the business on which it is de pendent, and it gives capital the assurance that ft will be dealt with cooperatively.Injury to capital by scamping work will no longer be an act of loyalty to labor.To make the enterprise a success will be to the acknowledged interest of sil.To play tricks with profitable stocks will be am obvious crime against those who are part.pers in the production of those profits, and potentielly in the profite themselves.p THRES This is one of the great economic discoveries of history, and a notable addition te the peace-making achievements of our reat ora.There are, of course, many sides to this proposal.It comes at a time when there is a great boom in manufacturing whose looked-for overflows of profit labor naturally wants to share.Would labor's view remain the same in a day of sdver ity?Would labor consent to prudential reserves in the day of abundance?Would labor consent to sharing with less profitable businesses?Or would the whole tendency be toward furthér concentration fm great concerns and the wiping owt of small?Capital and labor combinéd do not constitut® the whole of lite.There are those who are seeking to carry on small independent businesses,\u2014maybe, beneft- cent services.Where would these bet The principle of mutuality proposed is al together a good one, but it does not suéd- denly solve all questions.Again there looms on the horizon the possibility of capital and labor combining to mulot the public and later the combination of the Public to prevent their doing so.Land And Water OLLOWING the example of the La bor in viewing Mr.Lloyd George's land policy from a partisan rather than a national standpoint, various Conservative papers are apprehensive of the scheme, not because it is bad, but because it is too attractive.The Observer warns its readers that Mr.Lloyd George bas recovered from his post-war fatigue and is again a force to be feared.The little Welshman has been toucing Scotland, and his land policy is reported as having been enthusiastically welcomed.Correspondents comment on this and add that a Liberal revival is likely because of an antjlignor program, coupled with one of land reform.Preliminary returns from the local Liberal associations are said to indicates a growing opinion tn favar of espousing the \u201cdry\u201d cause.It is pointed out that the mainspring of Lib eral force in the days of the party\u2019s great ness was \u201cthe nonconformist conscience.\u201d The younger party leaders are said te realize that only by some such a course as advocating measures to cope with the national disgrace of alcoholism can Lid | eralism regain this \u2018support.It would, therefore, appear moat likely that Me.Lloyd George would be able to appeal te the eiectors in the mext campaign with suggested reforms for two of Britain's burning problems.One writer suggests that the platform will be one of \u201cland and liquor.\u201d A better description and a far more effective alogan wooid be: \u201cLand and Water.\u201d - A Glad Surprise HAT we hear from Dr.Pidgeon, the Moderator of the United Church returning from the Maritime presbyteries.what we hear from the headquarters of that Church at Toronto, what we heard warmly and repeatedly from those whe attended the great conference in Montreal last week, has been a unanimous expression of happy surprise that the fellow ship \u201cinto which we all expect to grow in perhaps tem years has proved at omce 80 deep and delightful.\u201d The representa tives of the previous communions have found themselves as much at home in the common gatherings as ever they did im their previous denominational meetings, with, if anything, a warmer sense of fraternity.Controversy is buried, feuds as far as possible forgotten in the presence of à new sense of responsibility to the country and to the world, and a gemeral bracing up to face the task financially and spiritually.There are, unfortunately, property questions still unsettled and still causing strite.The possession of property has always strained the spiritual lite of the church, and it may well be a question how far it is desirable, when the spiritual is making such crying claims, te spend money on architectural magnificence.No rule can be made, but it has to be kept in mind that too often the mar terial wars against the spiritual.Church Union In England HE celebrated Lambeth Conference of 1930 looking toward the reunion of divided Christianity in England, certainly made some notable approaches toward that desirable end.Conferences have since been held annually between the authorities of the Church of Ragland and representatives of the non-conformist dénominations.These latter have dustag FOUR the present century been makiag potable approaches toward each other under the common name of the Free Ohurcbes.The Joint Committee has, it seems, at length reported by mutual consent that no uee- ful purpose can be served by continuing these discussions.The statement ls frankly made that the peoples of the various communions are not ready to accept the conclusions reached by the confer ences, and that an indefinite period of education must precede any actual steps towards union.The Loudon Times saya th's does not mean that no useful purpose has been served, as those who had experience of the conferences felt how greatly the collaboration for so good an end was breaking down estranggment and creating the spirit at least of that fel- Jowship that was being sought Indeed, when we speak of the end sought as desirable we reaiize that union is only desir able in so far as spiritual unity exists.he body without the spirit ia dead\u2014 sonietimes worse.In church organization mere mergering of machinery is à post- tive evil, establishing hierarchies and Vaticans, by whatever names these may be called, and setting at work all sorts of wirepulling for preeminence and ad vantage.Indeed the more complete and monopol'stic the machinery, the greater the need of that spirit which loses self, Bot in the machine, but ia the Master.It may be that some such apprehension is alluded to by the London Times when it tells us that the close lutercourse has dis eipated the old notion that prelacy is essential to episcopacy.By prelacy the writer seems to mean lording it.Nor, according to the same article has Bo progress been made.Differences of creed no longer obstruct.There are broad lines of be- lef on which ail are at one.The differences of opinion which now afflict the Church cut across all denominations alike.Theres remain only questions of organ- fsation.On this feature of the matter we are told that the monconformists ac- copt the general principle of episcopacy and the Angiicans are now prepared to accept the nonconformist ministry when reasonably appointed, as capable ot administering the sacraments.Perhaps there would be differences of statement as to what the approaches so described amount to.All organized churches find the need of superintendence of some sort.But what the Anglican Church has hither to insiated nu has been the \u201chisteric epi copate\u201d implying continued succession from the apostles, the very historicity of which the dissenters dispute, along with any assumption that might attach to that.Then, is the admission of the dissenting Ministry as in holy orders to be continu od, or is episcopal ordination to be the rule for the future?And does such cd- mission imply that only such way admin fster the sacraments?\u2018There are many who hold with one out-spoken bishop, wr.o the other day declared that wherever two er three believers are assembled in Christ's name there is He in the midst of them, and that together with him these are empowered to exercise all the func tions of a church.The late Bishop Ryle, of Liverpool, ia defining the true Church said: \u201cIt is a church which is dependent upon no minister upon earth, however much it values those who preach the Gospel to its members, .Its existence depends on nothing but the presence of Christ and His spirit; and, they bring ever with it, the Church cannot die.\u201d VOTE RIGHT (Oct.29th, 1926.) Aggressive, bold, And flush with gold, With sharpened lance and biade, O'er highway, path and glade Advancing, merch \u201cThe Trade\u201d.\u201cThey shall not pass; They shall not pass!\u201d his be our battie-cry; With standard lifted high The threatening host dely.Face to the foe United go, Bis secret purpose learn, And brilliant searchlight turn Where shadowed camp-fires burn, Paild watch-towers high, Light up the sky! And guide uncertain feet Into the sun-lit street Prosperity to greet.Hlectors wise Beware the guise\u2014 \u201cExpediency\u201d ~that cloak May hide a galling yokes, By watchful, honest folk.ONTI EAL WITNESS AND CANO.\u201cThey shall not pass They shail not pas This be our battle-cry, With standard lifted high, The threatening host ey .Newton Highlands, Mass, Oct.8, 1925.The Legislative Assembly of Victoria hes passed a bill providing for the observance of \u201cAnzac Day,\u201d April 36, as a complete holiday in that state.Anzac Day ls bistorica) au the date, April 26.1916, on which Lhe combined Australian and New Zealand army corps landed at Gallipoli and gave such splendid service to the Allied cause in the war.Insurance companies need not pay insurance on the life of an insured pereon executed by the State, the Brooklyn Bu- preme Court heid in a decision banded down iff the United States on Thureday.Appointment of Andrew J.Volstead, fa- ¢her of the United States Prohibition Bn- forcement Law.as leget adviser to Adju- tent General Rhinow, new chief of the Northwest dry enforcement district, ls formally announced.Canadian goods will be represented in the town-to-town exhibition of Wembicy goods lasting about a year which fa being arranged at the close of the British Empire Exhibition.A Dark Conspiracy The Montreal Daily Star\u2014runniag mate of the mouse-colored Family Herald and Weekly Star\u2014is screaming itself hoarse for Mr.High-protectionist Patenaude.Fond as the Star has always been of high protection, that cry may be but a \u201cred herring\u201d across an evi] smelling trail.| \u201cPATENAUDE HAILED AS TRULY INDEPENDENT\", is one of its characieris- tic headlines.And, shouting for himself, Mr.Patenaude vehemently declares his independence alike of Mr.King and of Mr.Meighen.He opposes one and hopes to depose the other.But we miss our guess it Mr.Patenaude's slavery to the \u201cStar\u201d will not prove more enthralling.and does not really begin at the very poini at which he is tree from bis Conservative chief.The Conservative headquarters [staff Is located in the offices of the defunct Home Bank.And that is a very suitable atmosphere for the headquarters of a party which so falsely proposes ooncern for the protection of the home.But the \u201cGreat Headquarters\u201d of \u201cthe St.James street bunch\u201d is popelariy understood to be the private office of the publisher of the \u201cStar,\u201d or should we now speak of the dictator of the Star?Is Mr.Patenaude\u2014the \u2018\u201catrong man\u201d for whom the Star has been calling to \u201clead us into an era of unparalleled prosperity\u201d \u2014a mere tool for the achievement of some deep and dark plot connected with the National Railways, for the benefit of some get-rich-quick coterie?To the extent that Mr.Patenande splits the French vote on the economic issues he will do Canada a great service; and but for our fear that there is a conspiracy wo grab the National Railways from some bargain counter, and under false pretences, we would wish him great success at the polls.But the very chance of his success makes a Conservative victory a most dangerous matter.A higher tariff would be bad bat might prove by its very inequity, iniquity, the shortest road to the abrogation of privilege.But a bar- #aln-counter sale of the National Railways would be dn irrevocable loss.A Telling Expesure Professor O.D.Skelton, in his great work on the Life of Laurier, exposed thes machinations of the publisher of the Star in a way that would have produced a inwsuit had they been unirme.Yet he wont into the deep laid scheme at great length, giving chapter and verse for every thing.That was in connection with former elections and other railroad schemes.It would appear that the failure then iv Bow to be retrieved in larger and more piratical schemes.The present story is that the campaign of fa]sification against the National Raflways is to be worked up into a chorus by the \u201calignment\u201d of papers wherever they can be aligned.Then when the country has been thrown into a state of nerves and nausea, some synii cate will make a timely offer to assume the \u201cwhite elephant\u201d bag and baggage with a few innocent-looking little provisos such as that Canada shall give long enough terms and will guarantee the Interest, etc.etc, ete.The annais of Mac- Kensie-Mana .show how such schemers can line their own pockets and then go to the people and say, \u201cWe need more money or something dreadful will happen.Shall we have to sell the road to the CP.R, or shut down altogether™ Of course, ,the road, run down and more heavily in debt than ever, would again fall, but with a staggering blow, upon the backs of the taxpayers.Anything better than seach a gigantic monopoly as would result from the mer- ger of the two great systems in private AN HOMESTEAD, OCTOBER 21, 1988.hands.Mackentio-Mann have taught the reople of the country a lesson at too great coal to be so soon forgotten, and it is this: We do not want any more railroad schémers.Professor Skelton's reference to Lord Atholstan's previons scheming will be found beginning with page 308, Vol.3, of\" \u201cLite and Letters of Bir Wiilrid Laurier.\u201d If by any chance the two great railways came under oho private ownership corporation thig conatry would find it- relf in the arms of an octopus from which it could never escape\u2014-an octopus so powerful that it could control parliaments apd the press, if not, indeed in time, the courts.Safety first calls for the defeat on the 3th of the Conservative Party.We trust that every man and woman honored by the franchise will exercise it to that end.The only excepiion to the rule is in the case where Conservative prohi- bitfon cand'dates, who can be trusted to advocate that cause in Parliament, oppose \u201cwet\u201d candidates of another persus- sion.The following quotations are from O.D.Skelton's work above referred to: \u201cDuring the adtumn (1904) an extraordinary conspiracy against the government and Its railway policy was hatohed in Montreal, which for sheer melodrama and sheer fatuity has never been equalled in Canada.The moving apirits were David Russell, a well-to-do promoter of St.John and Montieal, and J.N.Greenshields, a Liber! lawyer of Montreal who was solicitor for Mackensie and Mann, and Hugh Graham, the proprietor of the Montreal \u201cSiar.\u201d * + © fourth re was Arthur Dansereau: Sir Wilfrid had forbseen the posaibility of a gradust weakening of \u201cLa Presse\u2018s* support, but he had never dreamed of the sudden blow that was now In preparation.\u2018The plan.in brief.was to defeat the government by the purchase of important Libers! or Independent newspapers, by a scendal campaign against members of the cabinet, by buying off Liberal candidates in Quebec, and by inducing Mr.Blair to take the stump againat his former chief.The purpose, so far at least as Russell and Greenshields were concerned.was to secure control of the new government In order to unload bankrupt railways upon it and te escure fat contracts fer gev.srament raliway construction; other rallwaj interests of more permanent character woul also de served.© © +\u201d \u201cThe plot hegan weN.Mr, Russell secured control of the St, John \u201cTelegraph,\u201d a Lib- ors! newspaper which had been Mr.Rairsg special organ, and of the Bt.John venin mes.\u201d În October, \u201cTa Prense,\u201d the French-Canadian newspaper, with the largest circulation of any newspaper in Canade, and which was still continuing its policy of À pendence with a friendly leaning toward Be Wilfrid.was acquired from ita owner, Hom, Treffié Berthiaume, for a sum slightly over one miMon doliars.Rumors of the transfer at once leaked out, cmiy to mest vigorous denial.© * Sir Wilfrid's Threat to \u2018La Presse\u2019 \u201cIt was evident that an audacious and greasive movement was on foot.Both serais and Conservatives waited for the next developnient.But day after day passed nothing happened.Mr.Biair did not take the wtump.\u201cLa Presse\u201d di& not mate change !ts tone.Mr.Puxsiey did not con a seat.No more newspapers were bought, No scandal cf es were launched.Somehow the bomb had failed to go off.Sir Wilfrid had taken a hand with \u201cLa Presse,\u2019 informe ing its managers that if it changed its poll he would expose the sale of the chiaf French Canadian journs! to a group of English-apeak- ing speciiators, and denounce it throughout the province.\u201d The intrigue carries on for a time ft volving\u2014as Prof.Skelton proves with let ters and other evidence\u2014Muckensie sad Mann and C.P.R.interests, and always un der the obvious directfon of Stock Ee change schemers and other adventurers ite cluding, as arch-publisher-intriguer, Lord Atholston, of the Montreal Star.But nef ther Sir Wilfred Laurier nor Sir Robert Borden wouid lend themselves to such plotting.Bome of the conspirators.of that time are gone, but there seems ground for fear that others with apparently still more audacious objectives have joined the survivors of the original coteries, and their only hope is to shove the Right Hon, Mr.King and the Liberals out of office.They seem to feel that if the Conservs tives win they will have no difficuity fm overpowering the Right Hon.Mr.Meighen.Progress Toward Prohibition Reports from the various sections of the Dominion show that, while comparatively few candidates have definitely pledged themselves for national probibl- tion, the issue has beem clearly forced back inta federal politics.Precedents bave beem established that should bear great fruit in the coming years.Follow- {ng are statements on prohibition as re- coived to date: +A CONSERVATIVES PLEDGE Dr.Sutherland, Conservative cindidate in North Oxford, replied on Oct.13 to the questions put to the candidates in the federal election by the North Oxford Prohibition Union on the question of Do- minion-wide probjbition.He said he was in favor of Bominion-wide prohibition, but that with the various provinces having different liquor laws, there being three under government control, a Dominion law would be hard to enforce, although he would support such a measure at the opportune time.A LIBERAL CONVENTION'S ACTION Emdorsation of federal prohibition was given by the convention of the Liberal party, meeting at St.Stephen, N.B, on Oct 16, which expressed the view that the time was ripe for world-wide prohidi- tion.The resolution recorded the belief of the framers that the best interests of all would be conserved by a strict enforcement of prohibition, aud called for the rigorous execution of the provisions of the New Brunswick Intoxicating Ld- Guor Act.The convention was largely attended.and nominated William A.Holt as the candidate to oppose R.Watson Grimmer, who represented the constit- uepcy in the last Parliament.THE PRIME MIMSTER REPLIES Replying to a letter from Rev.Percy L.Graham, of Newmarket, secretary of the North York Prohibition Union, Prime Minister W.I.Mackensie King says: \u201cYou will appreciste the extent to which the division of constitutional authority limite the range of action of the Federal Government, and will appreciate also the fact that within the field which the constitution assigns to the Federal Parliament it is necessary to take into account the situation of the sentiment of many diverse parts of this broad Domin- lon, and, in spite of these considerations, real and eaduring progress has been made, greater, perhaps, than is sometimes recognited.\u201cIt has seemed to me that to continue along the lines we have been following since taking office, is probably the most effective way to bring about enduring reform ir this particular field.\u201d The Premier ststed that not a single new distillery had been licensed since 1922 in Ontario, and not a single new brewery licensed since them, but one or two renewals had heen granted.Regarding rum-running, Mr.King pointed out the stops taken by the Gev- erament and referred to the treaty mow in force between Canada and the United Btates.In addition, he says: \u201cThe Dominion Government officers are ready to co-operate with any provines In regulating the export of intoxicating He qeor and lessening leakages back inée the provinoe.3 .\u201cBy amendments of the Canada Temperance Act, 1922, ft is provided that, when any \u2018province into which importation of intoxicating liquor bas been, and is, prohibited, the Federal Government may by an order-In-conncil declare such prohibition fn force.- \u201cThe Government of Ontario has net yet seen fit to pass an order-in-council requesting that the above provision of the Canada Temperance Act be made applicable to the provimce.\u201d A PROGRESSIVES DECLARATION As reported in last week's Witness, Mr, N.8 Landon, P ve candidate in North Brace, Ont., defifiitely pledged dim- self to support national prohibition.I CARE NEW TESTAMENT FUND edged urer of the Bible Society (Shanghai) 127.40 Further Contributions 454.75 W.A 0 $.5.00 1.8 ta ie 15.00 3.06 5.08 K.MacDo! 1.08 Osgoode United 8.8., Ont.2.76 Mrs.W.Mansfield, Ont.1.00 Mrs.W.Richard, Ont.5.00 Mrs.W.Atkinson, Ont.1.00 Hillview 8.8, New Liskeard, Ont.2.78 Union 8.8., Lower Montagu , PRI 5.00 J, J.F, Ont .6.00 C T.M.Man, Man.35.60 Mra D.Johnson, Ont.1.00 De.J.La Laplante, Ont: 10.00 8,714.78 Lens exchange on cheque ae 9,714.63 FOR IMMIGRANT BOYS Fund to Implement Subscriptions to send the Witness ane Canadian Homestead te A M.G.Grant, N.Fi WOMEN AND THE! Amounts acknowledged cial Treasu: FRIENDLY HOME R YOUNG BABIES and over te Official rer Further Contributions .$1,088.04 ORENFELL LABRADOR MISSION RN LAUNCH NORTHERN MESSENQGE! FUND Amounts arki od and a cunts nowledg: né pal over te OfBcial G1,074.29 Patd toe Hospital Cots 130.00 Further Contributions .55.00 MONTREAL In Foreign Trade How These Are Thwarted by Our Tariff (By Carleton W.Stanley) +; Whe are two thingd which are nearly Loways overlooked ia a discussion of the tariff in Canada\u2014two things of the very greatest Importance, and which we over- Jook to our great loss.Even those among us who have long pondered tariff prob- tems, and have certainly glanced at these aspects of the case.have hardly, so - Ît seems to me, considered them fully, and have not pressed home their far-reaching importance.The General Principle The first is this: that a tariff, however small, on any import whatsoever, is a tax levied on exports, of every kind, and makes export of anything whatsoever mors difficult.i The second is this: that the importation of anything whatsoever, even exotics such as autmegs from the isle of Ban aisal from Mexico, forces us to export an makes us \u2018develop those industries and productions which are easiest for us.It will be seen that these two propost- tions fit into one another, as they beth have to do with a country's exports, and before considering them separately, it may be well to pause over Canadian exporta, especially as nearly every false doc- tring about the tariff arises from aeglect of this side of a country's wealth.Canada\u2019s Pre-ominence as an Exporting Country Canada exports more goods, per caput, than any other country.As we do tot export these goods for nothing, and could never be Induced to do so, {t must there fore be true that by increasing our exports we shall grow richer.If by some accident the population of Europe were wiped out, or if, by another chain of accidents, Rus- sla, the Argentine and Australia combined to export wheat in excess of the world's demand, nothing could induce our prairie farmers.to go on producing and exporting wheat.An increased export of wheat on our part therefore means an elastic de mand for it somewhere else in the world, and an increase in our wealth as a re salt Why We Have This Pre-eminence, and Why, if Will Continue The reason that we export more per taput than any dther country is that we are intrinsically very rich, but rich chiefly because of products which can only Be sold abroad.\u201d We so often talk glibly of our \u201cnational resources\u201d and yet fall to soe this implication.Indeed we are so imitative of the wordy Mr.Roosevelt that we use the phrase unthinkingiy and speak as though national resources meant merely such things as forests which we must keep for our remote descendants.Our Agricultural Land\u2014East and West Our greatest source of wealth, however, 1s our agricultural land, of which We possess more square miles per caput than any other nation.Not only could we use this greatly to increase our agricultural exports\u2014sugar, industrial alcohol, drugs of many kinds, vegetable oils, as well as the things we think most about, such as wheat, cheese, meat, wool and so forth\u2014but we could use the land now wasted in the neighborhood of our towns and cities to reduce in them the cost of living and so cheapen, and enhance the export of, our manufactured commodities.Kvery European travelier exclaims at the absolutely wasted land in the vicinity of our towns.Having more good land than any other country it is of course natural that we should waste more of it.Bat in bard times it is scandalous that we do not make a beginning at this most obvious thing.Within a radius of fifty miles of \u2018Toronto and of Montreal there is enough waste land (by which I do not mean land bearing trees, nor stony grouad, \u2014which should of course be bearing trees\u2014but good soll that needs nothing more than drainage perhaps, and stubbing, to convert ft into tilth or pasture) to feed the entire population of the two cities and still export millions of dollars worth monually.Other Riches: Elsctric Power But agricultural products, present and Potential, are not the only things that make us a great exporting country.In timber and wood products, in fish and fish products, and in fur, we are also In the very front rank of exporting nations, and shall continue so for a long time to come, and for an incalculable time if we discontinue our present wasteful methods.In gold, silver, nickel, asbestos, etc, we have deposits from which we can export under almost any conceivable conditions.Ot other materials, chromium for example, \u2018We have deposits which can bs exploited only it we extend our scientific knowledge and redu-e our costs.Mining engineers and business men who have given their attention to the matter seem to agree at the present t!me that our export of miner ais could easily be increased many times over, and will be so increased fn the next few decades.In this development elec trical energy will play an important part.Electric Energy to Produce Aluminium It ls now assured that our exports of aluminium (as we must call it if we speak English) will be increased on a colossal scale in the next few years.Aluminium.though It occurrs all over the world more frequently than any other metallic element, is one of the newer metals.It is less than one hundred years ago that ft was first separated by a young German chemist named Friedrich Wohler.It is found In conjunction with a great many other things, but it is easlest to produce it commercially trom bauxite, or aluminium ore, by electrolysis, and of the two factors the bauxite is of course easier to trans port than electric energy.The Amer} cans have long been the chlef exporters of aluminium.They have mined the bauxite in British Guiana and manufactured it at Pittsburg, and they have long had an important branch plant at Grand Mere, Quebec.But Canada, like Norway, is a country which has an abundance of electric energy at tide-water, and the bauxite is mined almost at tide-water in British Guiana, It is now practically settled that the production of aluminium In North America will take place on the Saguenay River, to which the earthy ore can be transported the whole way from Brit'ah Guiana, by water.Aluminium by reason of Itsy lightness, and ts resistance to oxi datfon, will find an ever increasing market in the world, and so far as can be seen at present Canada will be the chief exporter of it.Our Wealth Based on Exports, Our Comparative Poverty in Other Respects To sum up: we are à rich country by reason of the things that we export We oould be much richer if we exported more.It ig true that we are \u2018a comparatively poor country in many respects.As compared with a compact country like France for example we must pay enormously for transport, even in our internal trade.As compared with Australia we must pay enormously more fo feed, clothe and house ourselves, simply becauss of our colder climate (Professor Herbert Heaton of Adelaide, Australia, estimates the incress\u2019 ed expense at about twenty per cent.) But even with these drawbacks we are still rich because we can still profitably export.In a recent article by a singularly well-informed and well-balanced writer, (\u201cThe Political and Economic Condition of Canada,\u201d by J.A.Stevenson, in the April Edinburgh Review) the relative wealth of Canada and the United States is compared with the relative wealth of Scotland and England before the Union.This Is, I think, a mistaken analogy, and the mistake arises from a failure to consider the balance of trade.Ap regards climate, and area and compactness of habitable country.the analogy is nearly perfect, but in no other respect will it bear analysis.The soil of Scotland is barren and mountainous as compared with England\u2018s.It could export food to England oniy by starving itself.It had no minerals to export ! which England did not have in greater .abundance.It was not nearly so advan- \u2018 tageousiy placed as England with regard + to foreign trade.Its fisheries were important but it could not hope to export fish to England.It had tittle timber, and indeed no great natural wealth of any kind.But in all these points\u2014fertility of soil and food supply, in mineral weaith (except coal) in fisheries, in timber, wealth, and above all fn regard to foreign trade we are not disadvantageously situst- ed in comparison with the United States.Two Classes of Countries: Those Who Export Largely and Those Who Do Not It is of the very greatest importance to dwell upon our exports because they are the very basis of our economic exis tence.A compact and economically self- | sullicient country has s comparatively small foreign trade.Various authorities have computed the foreign trade of the United States during the period of 1900 1914 ns being from 7 per cent.to 10 per cent.of its total trade.The internal trade of France is many times its foreign trade.But geography, or national character, or other circumstances such as politf- cal development, may cause s& nation to rely very little on its internal trade.Before the war 40 per cent.of (ireat Britain's total trade was foreign, and if services such ag banking.insurance, shippigg were counted in, the proportion wouid have been even greater.The people of Chile, who have an attenuated mountainous strip of territory, rich in little but oltrates, promise to become the seamen and carriers of South America.Switzerland, by harboring the unorthodox, and oonse- WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, Canada\u2019s Peculiar Advantages OCTOBER ?i, 103.quently the intelligent exiles of her meigh- bors, gained an early ascendancy in fine manufactures, and has always thriven on foreign trade.Her mountalnous territary, s Of derided by European political writars, she turned to sdvantage in the same dfrection.Geography Makes Us Belong to the For mer Class : What future has Canada if it does not develop its foreign trade?Can we grow rich as Frenchmen grow rich, or as Ameri: cans grow rich, by trading among oursel ves?It is a mathematical law that trade {s rendered difficult dy the square of the distaucs from the source of supply (Lardner\u2019s Law of Squares).This is true because the area of a circle varies as the squares of its radfus.If France or the United Btates may be considered as a circle, Canada must be considered a straight line.Countries bave previously grown rich by holding a long line of communications, but not by trading merely within this line.Venice Is an example\u2014 halt of the communication being by water, to the East, the other balt by land, to the North and West.Or, to consider the question less technically and less historically, is it conceivable that Canadians can sell to Canadians all the wheat they grow, all the nickel and asbestos and silver they produce; can Canadians use in producing for Canadians alone a hundredth part of the electric power they possess?These questions answer themselves.Yet there are among us people who rail at prairie farmers for using some of the best wheat fields in the world for growing wheat.There are manufacturers among us who say that Canadian manufacturers should aim at the Canadian market only, and who claim that we cannot compete in mannfactaring with other countries.A good many such utterances are insincere, but I think it ts also true that such things are said because we think our position is the same as that of other countries, especially as that of the United States.This Does Not Mean That We Shall Have Fewer Industries.The more we study history, the more We pay attention to economists, not for getting a great economist in our midst, Professor C.R.Fay of Toronto University, the more we study our own blne-books and attempt to find out the actual drift of our development, the more clearly shall we spe that our future prosperity depends upon developing our exports.And in this connection we need udver fear that we shall export raw materials alone, or food alone, and fail to export manufactures.The whole economic tendency of the world is that there is more and more foreign trade governed by differences of natural resources, and less and less foreign trade governed by backwardness iz industrial development.Even Indis and South American countries, to say nothing of Australia and Canada, show the truth of this.A Tariff ls impertinent To Thase General Laws It may.be sald that guch a tendency should be alded by tariff legislation, and has been go aided in the past, ln the case of Canada, the United States and Austra la.ig is to mistake the parasitic growth for the tree.It is ludicrous to Insist, for example, that legislation played any part in that gigantic growth the Bethlehem Steel Works.So It is ludicrous even to dream that the high Australian tariff on oll-paintings will promote artistic endeavor among native Australians.And, per contra, we see industries growing up in our midst, Courtauld\u2019s new plant at Cornwall, Ontario, and the steadily developing binder-twine industry fn Brantford, Ontario, which have had no tariff aid whatever.How The Tariff Works In Canadian Trade.Taking it now as demonstrated that our economic future depends mainly upom developing our exports, let us return to our first proposition, vis\u2014that a tariff, however small, or any import whatsoever, is a tax levied on exports, of every kind, and makes export of anything whatsoever more difficult, How A Shoe Tariff May Prevent Our Selling Grain, Suppose, for example, that we decide to confer a benefit on Canadian shoe manufactures by imposing a duty of 20 per cent en foreigu shoes.There may be many consequences of this tariff, bat it we trace out each possibility we shall see that it hinders and lessens our export trade.At first sight it may appear that we shall import a great deal less of foreign shoes.In that case our banks will receive fewer bills of exchange in favor of foreign merchants.But it is oxceedingly rarely that bills of exchange arg settled by shipments of gold.They are offset by foreign bills of exchange in favor of our shippers.Any diminution.of «ur demand for foreign goods ts almost fmmediately followed by a diminution of demand for our goods.If this were not so It would mean either {a) that we were sending as many of our goods out of the country as before, and taking fewer goods in return for payment \u2014which !t is not in human patare to do or (b) that having am absolute monopoly ot certain merchandise, wheat, for example, ive we could force other countries to take as many of our goods as before, and make »p the defciency in goods recoived from them by shipping us gold\u2014but of ceurse we have np such monopoly, and as a mat ter of fact foreign trade is never thus com ducted.In sa far ag we mit oir imports these fore, we limit our exports.The Invisible Trads 84lance.This truth is not upset, of course, by statistics which show that over a certain period we export more goods.in millions of dollars, than wh import.In the first place we must export in value not only the worth of what we import\u2014but alse we bave to pay a foreign nation, Britafa, say, for carrying and Insuring our foreiga trade.If we have been borrowing foreign capital also we must export a surplus im order to meet the interest of this debt.Other Possibilities: Waste In Any Case, To coms to other possibilities in our hypothesis.Of courses a tariff of 30 per cent may not restrict imports of foreiga shoes to any great extent.Foreign shoes may be so much cheaper, or more durable, that as many of them will be imported as ever.But in this case ev'ry Canadian user of forefgn shoes will have to pay 20 per cent more for them.A certain part of thin 20 per cent tax will make its way into the government treasury, and will lighten general taxation.Even if govern ment fs very clean and efficiant, however, a certain part of the 20 per cent tax in lost in collecting it\u2014and this much is absolute waste.At the same time, a good many purchasers of shoes, knowing that the foreign article is taxed will consider purchasing the domestic article, which they have hitherto considered less.desi able.If the article really is less desirable, at the same price, they make a bad pur chase, and here is waste again.If the Canadian maker, producing a somewhat inferior article.{s enabled by the 20 per cent tax on his foreign competitors to sell at a somewhat less price, and so balance inferiority with cheapness, there is still waste of the national capital in an indus try which needs, besides the advantage of a proximate market, a 20 per cent arth ficial advantage.\u2018Whatever one of all these possibilities happens the cost of shoes is increased for every Canadian.If he buys as many shoes as before bis real income is to this extent lessened, and as we have seen his loss of income does aot by any means all accrue to the government.But if his real income is seriously lessened by duties om other commodities as well as shoes, he must have higher wages and higher profits on all the things he produces.Consequently his ability to export his produe- tion is lessened in competition with other countries.Aggregate National Efficiency !mpaired K will be seen from this how foolish and preposterous it is to claim that a tax on imports increases employment in Ca nada.The source of all wages to workmen, and profits to employers, and rents tu owners of real estate, is the aggregate efficiency of national production.To tn crease the cost of any commodity wbich must be used anywhere in the community lessens the aggregate efficiency of na tional prodoction.It is a commonplace ttat a protected industry is not an exporting industry.Except in wartime Canada, for example, has not been an exporter of shoes, In which article she has a tariff.And the two great exporters of shoes into Canada, Great Britain and the United States, do not themselves levy an import dmty om shoes.In this unpre tected industry théy have each a great export trade.But it is not only in the protected Industry that protection militates against export\u2014it ls in all indus tries.Two independent Mathematical Proofs of This law I do not intend to labor this point The approximate truth of it is apparent to any one who is eapable of following an argument, especially so to any who has travelled or engaged in foreign trade.The mathematical demonstration of # was published and circulated among economists by the late Alfred Marshall in 1879, and also by Auspits and Liehen, in thelr \u201cTheorie des Preises,\u201d in 1380.Quite independently of Marshall's work they made the same proof, using very nearly the same graphs as Marshall In Marshall's last work, \u201cMoney Credit and Commerce,\u201d published in 1923, it le in fact laid down that import duties restrict a country\u2019s exports as much as would a tax on her exports.~ Even Countrise Which do Not Export Largely Suffer From Tariffs If this is true in genera! It is, as I have sald before, of the highest importance to Canada, because exports are and must continue to be the basis of our ex istence.If for geographical reasons à country\u2019s export trade is small in propor tion to its total trade, it will easily stand the loss of national efficiency, fa competition with other nations.If Am erica woollen manufacturers get a high protection, and so lessen real wages fer ea all American wage earners, and res! pro tits for all other American manufactur ors, these latter can be relied on to use political pressure ta secure a like adventi- tlous advantage in their industry.It mearly all Americans sell their entire production to other Americans the thing works round in a circle, and the Un'ted States as a whole is pot very much poore er.* Yet poorer it is, and poorer, too, is France, most of whose trade Is Internal.* Even in the United States the Industries which suffered most from the tariff have always bees articulate ia op posing it.The cotton-growers of the South have always been exporters.have always had their profits determined by wortd-prices.And the \u201cDemocratic South\u201d tas always stood for free trade, or at least for low tarifts.Mr.Henry Ford may be a prrson of rather obtuse political vision, but he hea had a belief in the mecessity of Free Trade forced upon him by the fact that he is, personally, tbe greatest American exporter.Historical Considerations Many countries as well as Britain and Holland in modern times have been fac ed with the alternative of developing their export trade by abolishing tariffs om imports, or falling into economic unimport- ance.Geographical position, historical development, or what may seem a chapter of accidents, may force such an alternative on a country.It may seem à chapter of accidents that an Englishman, John of Gaunt, should have had a descendant in Portugal who showed an apt- tude for navigation and founded a school fr it.and that aH this should have happened just at a time when Turks were able to shut Europe off from the far East dy land.But given these \u201caccidents\u201d the Portuguese Fast Indies and Brasil are a direct result, tha voyage of Columbus se an indirect result.and a more remote result stilt is Holland's great Empire in the East Indies.The Byzantine Empire was a sort of accident perhaps, the conclusion of which, was just ready to come about, when Leo the Isaurlan saw his chance, and refound- ed the tottering power, economically and morally, on the basis of Free Trade.It fested another five hundred years, and mode modern Europe possible.As Leo saw his chance and took it, so the Portuguese and Spaniards missed theirs.Three quarters of & century ago Cobden and Peel, following Adam Smith and Pitt, saw the chance for Britain.Perilous For us to Disregard These At no period in thess countries can it Save been clearer than it should be to Canadians today that to live at all they must live by exports: We are a narrow line, falling within one sone.We front on two oceans (it je worth noting that when the Amer'cans framed their tariff no one dreamed of the importance of the Pacific).Our natural endowments force us to export; our pa tural disadvantages render it impossible for us to bave any great trade among ourselves.In every respect almost we are as unifke tbe United States as possible; the fiscal policy which has been comparatively innocuous to them, may be our ruin.tmports a Token of Our Weslth, And a Cause of it Our second proposition was: that the tmportation of anything whatsoever, even industries and productions which are easiest for us.This may be more briefly dealth with.be seen from all that has preced- t it is a great economic mistake for prevent, or try to prevent, imports, because they ars imports.It may wise on political and moral grounds to prevent.or hinder at least, cer- in imports, such as opium.But any whether ft be French perfume, is a luxury, or deuxite which we are to work ep and reeell, or whe Ît be something unlike either of these two in that M is the sort of thing we oan ourselves produce\u2014any import what.seever fs a clesr sign that ecmeone, ssmewhere, is willing to buy owr goods, say, perhaps bas already bouxht our goods.To make it difficult for this seller to sell to ns, is making it difficult for us to sell to bim.Potatoss Under Glass And Arctic Furs A great des! of play has been made, in tarit?discussions in this country.of the fact that we Import early in the year garden produce which we ourselves produce later in the year.It may be asked wheather snch imnortations Increase our exports.They assuredly do.To suppose the opnosite is to suppose that we get these things for nothing.But, it may be ssid.we pay too high a price for these products, and throw our international trade out of gear.(J have read such statements, made even by Canadian bank.ere).To say this is to disclose ignorance of all trade.domestic as well an foraigm.M is equivalent to saying that Alharta coal shonid soil in Ontario as chaanly as in the West, or that Toronto pays too dearly for electric energy if i carries | g31yERT ELE SEER: Toes WLI TEAL WO NESS AND UANAU AIS HièME ft from Niagara.As to International | legislation, such natural ouniflow and i» trade, Canada, too, has exotic things to, flow of commodities.sell-\u2014Nova Scotian lobsters which go to Florida, and white fox pelts taken in the Arctic Circle.The Economic Relation of Canada An: The U.& Not Unique \u2018The island of Guernsey, according to Marshall, exports potatoes to England early in the season, and later in the year buys back from English producers pota- tocs for its own consumption.There is nothing uneconomic in this arrangement.There being free trade between the two islands the arrangement could not exist if it wera uneconomic.The uneconomic, wasteful thing is to attempt to upset, by Trade or Suicide Every importation whether of an exotic, or of luxury, or of raw material, ia the indication that we are exporting our products, some of which are exotics to the purchaser, and many of which are luxuries which purchasers could do without 1° we cannot export those products we have a miserable.and indeed a very doubtful future before us.Exports are our life, the breath of our existence.Taxe our country must have, but to lax ourselves wastefully, and by cutting at the very roots of our being.is to inflict on ourselves a national paralysis, it Is slow suicide.LETTERS FROM READERS Hl-shaped Awa who eppears on the Scene, they promise that the swamp shall be dralued, and drained it was, though bd what manner the story does not rev \u2018Then arose the problem of removing the massive pillars and great corner stones of King Henry's abandoned sbbey.By an arrangement with the passine rabble, which exchange its labor for his songs.jests, and stories, Rahere rapidly arcompiishes this, and the walls of the Jester's ital for Christ's poor rise.The King, » by one observes Smithfield rain walls rising, built by the rabble, aided by the King's foo!, and in his delight declares that his own roval architects shall -»ee to it that the sTeat beams are thrown across and the roof put in place.All this angers Enhere\u2019s -time enemiex, Lord Warwick, ané My Lord of Exeter, the Blsh- op, who tell the King that this is the re- suit of black magic wrought by the Jester, and they forthwith set about to sceompifth his ruin.This they set ahout to do by inciting the anger of the rity xuild against tha members of the drmanization assisting Rahere In the construction of.his hospital for tha poor, these men desing fined.Rlot- Ing follows during which the mob attacks the home of the master nf the guild and haul him forth to hang him on Smithfield\u2019 Qommon, taking along the Jester (a King's man) who was passing.They escapa however by the wit of Rahere and the King arriving with a larre fore to the rescue, by following the Fool's promptings suc- ceadr in winning the allegiance of the mob and incidentally captures the heart of London while Rahere wins the eternal gratitude of Tam O° Tyburn.the hangman by rescuing him from certain death.CHAPTER VI.The Finding of the Raint A Great work, Rahere,\u201d the King commented, as one morning in early springtime he stood with his jester at Swith- field looking at the finished hosp!tal.\u201cHow hast thou compassed it so soon?\" \u201cBy the help of London,\u201d Rahere answered smiling.\u201cOncé the building was roofed in, the work has never paused.When I left London to follow the court, my master-workman and my stealer of the deer kept the toilers busy.\u201d © \u201cIt is well done.\u201d The King eyed the hospital \u2018critically.\u201cIt seems incredible that it should have been done by casual passers by.\u201d \u201cThere were many artisans among them,\u201d Rahere answered.\u201cOt course they Were employed \u2018much of the time; but.once their interest was aroused, a spare day always found them back at the work and they wete ready to teach others.Then, too, I happened to do a znod turn ta the Master of the Guilds and in dire emergencies be sent men, master-work- en.and material to boot.\u201d \u2019 \u201cThat is the uncanny thing about thee.Rahere.1 can understand how thy jests And hailads and tales won the people.The Guilds are quite anothér nut to crack.They usually take the opposite side.yet here 1.were working with thes as ag.wo ihe 717 cutf of the highway.\u201d Saint Bartholomew sent me a helper in the Master of the Guilds,\u201d Rahere laughed.\u201cThe mob grew excited, Lord King, and it takes more inches and greater experience than the Master possesses to fuce & throng howling for blood.The Master insists that I saved hia life, though all 1 did was to suggest to the people where they might find the ropes that they were seeking.\u201cWas that the secret of that day?Why, j they.might have slain thee, Rahere!\u201d \u201cNothing but ropes would have suited them, and by the success they were making of that hunt, I was safe till midnight,\u201d said the jester.\u201cBy that time I felt sure something was bound to happen, though the Master preferred the shelter of a tree.\u201d \u201cWell, the episode won thee many laborers, Rahere.\u201d The King looked at the hospital again.\u201cA good work, as I suid before.\u201d It was indeed a noble edifice.It rose against the trees of the forest, budding forth now in tender green, a mass of grey stone.The King's arches spanned the vaulted roof; the round Norman pillars were solldly placed.Inside, the flooring and walls of seasoned oak had been set by the journeymen of the Gulids; the windows and doors had been sent by the Master himself and done under his direction.The grounds, too, had been cleared and the beginning made of a garden, for Rahere and the chilrden had been i busy transplanting during the past two years.la one corner the oid women, skilled.in simples, had started a bed of herbs.A solid wall surrounded the place within which the King and his companion stood, but through the wide open gate across the road could be seen a cleared grassy place almost the same size, from which the under brush had been cleared away and some of the trees cut; though enough were left for welcome shade.The King noted It now.; \u201cWhat art thou going to do with that, Raheret* ; \u201cThat is what many have been asking me.I have a use for it, Brother, which 1 wil] tell thee when we dedicate the hos- ital\u201d tai.~ \u201cWhen will that per\u201d \u201cAs soon as it is furnished; which depends on something else\u2014the good will of my lord of Exeter .\" \u201c.\u2018who comes hither now.Methinks 1 see his sumpter mule,\u201d said the King.Rahere sauntered forward as my \u2018lord ot Exeter was assisted from his beast by an attendant.\u201cWelcome to Saint Bartholomew's, my lord,\u201d he said.\u201cThe hospital is walting thy attention.\u201d Fhe Bishop pursed up his lps as he surveyed the buiiding.\u201cIt is really finished?\u201d he inquired.\u201cAll save your lordsbip\u2019s part,\u201d said Rahere carelessly.\u201cThe furnishings were to come from thee.\u201d \u201cFrom me, good Rabere?What mad fest is this?Am [ to furnish hospitals for the King's fool?\u201d \u201cThat was the bargain, Walwist.I never asked it, but, when thou didst offer I accepted with thanks.\u201d \u201cIt was a simple jest.aa thou didst compass the rest.Dost thou think that the King would rob poor Exeter for Smithfield?The idea is sheer folly.\u201d He stopped for wamt of breath.The King came forward.- \u201cHas the Lord of Smithfield bid thee welcome, my lord of Exeter?\u201d he asked.\"He must think I wear his cap and bells,\u201d the Bishop spoke irately.\u201cHast thou heard his unseemly jest, my liege?He would rob Exeter and its poor to furnish a hospital for the off-scourings of London.\u201d \u201cThat sounds like sober earnest.\u201d The King answered smiling.\u201cIn my presence, my lord, thou didst promise Rahers the turnishings for Saint Bartholomew's.I fear me thou wilt have to pay.\u201d | \u201cThou dost hold me to it, a mere idle jest?\u2019 the Bishop asked in horror.\u201cAssuredly,\u201d the King spoke decidedly.\u201cThose who forswear their plighted word have no place at court.Come, my lord, let us inspect the building and then we hie us back to the Tower.Methinks thy hospital will be ready for the dedication by Saint Bartholomew's Day, mener \u201cA jest, a jest, a mere jest\u201d Bishop nmttered as he followed the King, too disturbed In mind to take in aught at which he was gas\u2018ng.\u2018\u2019Rabere.Rahere.dom thou take me for a fool?! \u201cNay, thou art ome of the King's wise nies,\u201d Rahere answered, \u201cthough once, my lord, thou didst indeed win my cap and bells.Beware lest they become thee.\u201d The Bishop's face purpled.\u201cI shall not forget this, Something must be done; sumething must be done,\u201d he threatened.\u201cThou dost rob me at thy peril, Rahere.\u201d \u201cI take the chance,\u201d gaid the jester, laughing.\u2018Though Rahere had never taken the promise as given in good faith, the King teld the Bishop to it as sober earnest, and in his usual energetic fashion forced immediate action.By Saint Bartholomew's Feast, the- whole was in readiness and the dedication of the hospital took Place.On the great day, the whole court came to grace the scene, brave in jewels, scarlet, purple, and gold.Bishop Richard, in cope and mitre, performed the ceremony and crowds of Christ's poor thronged the portal.Merchant and artisan, vagabond and thief, prentice and laborer, jostled one another, White-faced, ragged chii- dren danced and clapped their hands In glee.The King and his court were warm- iy greeted.When Rabere's tall figure appeared clad In his motley, a roar of welcome came forth.The children surrounded him; men and women thronged him to touch his hands.\u201cRahere, friend of the people, Rahere, Rahere, jester of the poor,\u201d the cry went ap.The King stood marveling, with a tiny twinge of envy at his heart.Somehow or other, the minstrel had won what kings could not, the love of London.Then Rahere spoke.\u201cGood folk, Christ's hospital is ready for Christ's poor, thanks to the trusty friends who have worked early and late on the building.By the King\u2019s grace, we have a double grant.This part will belong to the hospital; but yonder where the clearing is made will be a market place where the poor folk of London may trade freely, with a stall for the asking, outside the city walls.Nor will the Guilds interfere.I have the word of their Master for that.\u201d He turned, smiling, to the small diminutive form, clothed in all the glory of his aldermanic robes, standing near.The Master spoke.\u201cThough this be beyond all precedent, thanks to the King and to the founder of Saint Bartholomew's the permission Is &iven for free trading by the City Guilds.\u201d Cheers for the King and the Master were given with a will.Then Rahere spoke again.\u201cWe have worked together, good folk of London, may the work bring its blessing to us all.Year by year, on this day, will we hold a great Falr at Smithfield and mayhap\u2014with the King\u2019s leave\u2014the Jester of the poor will spend his day with his true friends.Now, farewell.\u201d Ounce more they thronged about him.Then, as they began drifting away in little groups towards the city, the King, ashamed of his momentary jealousy, came to Rahere\u2019s side.\u201cThe people obey thee .well, Rahere, | How has thou managed it, man?\u201d The jester laughed.\u201cTake a leaf omt Thou wilt fur- | of my book, Brother Henry,\u201d he said.\u201cThe nish thy hospital by quip and trickery | strength of England lieth not with thy Norman lords, but in Christ's poor.\u201d \u201cThou does speak no jest there,\u201d Henry answered gravely.\u201cTo whom dost thou plan to give the care of thy hospital, Ra- here?\u201d \u201cE know not as yet, Your Grace.\u201d Ra- here looked around the cour.\u201cI walt for\u2014a saint.\u201d .The sun sank low towards the west and the gay throng melted away.Rabere lin- gored, watching the shadows creep up over the hospital till_the whole was bathed in the soft glow of the twilight.He walked to and fro, his head sunk or his breast, and at last stood looking into the forest with unseeing eyes.\u2014- \u201cArt thou content, Rahere?™ The voice was Bishop Richard's and the jester turned to face his triend.He looked amased.\u201cThon art not the only one who loves the twilight,\u201d Bishop Richard said smi- ing.\u201c| was minded to see how thy great work looked in the sunsst glow.\u201d \u201cIt is pot an overly safe place for thee, my lord.it Is not wise to traverse the thieven* highway after dark\u201d \u201cL have navght worth the stealing, food Rabers.Moreover, thieves and vag- abondn slike belong to the lost shesp of the flock.How about thyseit! Thou art fare alone, wearing jewels on the same highway.\u201d it was a fit place for the mountebank whe ls the friend of thisvea and vagaboads,\u201d seid Rahere a trifie bitterly, \u201cAn honorable title and one well suited to the follower of Him who was the friend of pubdlicans aud sinners,\u201d Bishop Riche ard commented.\u201cRahere, thon has done a great work here, & greater perbaps than thou dost resllze\u2014for thou has won the love of London.\u201d \u201c1 scarce kuow how, my lord, save that 1 shared my work with London.\u201d \u201cThe jester of the King of Kings ie doing bis work, Rahere.Thou art wine ning\u2014men.To whom wilt thou give this hospital \u201cl do not know, as yet.I have had many offers, yt none suited me.The man who comes here must love Christ's poor and seek their welfare, not his own.1 must look to Saint Bartholomew again.\u201d \u201cThou dost need a saint, Rahere\u2014or the man who loved Christ's poor emough to build their hospital.\u201d Rahere smiled sadly.\u201cNay, nay, my lord.It Is the saint they need, not ome who sold all for power and x fool's bauble.\u201d Bishop Richard Jaid a hand upon his arm.\u201cThou dost not know thyseH as yet, Rahere, nor the power of God.Thou art not thine own, but the bondman of the King of Kings.One day He will call and thou wilt have to answer.\u201d For a tew moments the two looked at each other.Rahere\u2019s face was sad; a world of sorrow looked out of his eyes.\u201cIa there a second call for one wbo, after putting his hand to the plough, lookod back?\u2019 he guestioned.\u201cNay, my lord, I must look for my saint, seeing that the King's Grace hath seized the lover of Christ's poor for the See of London.\u201d Bishop Richard laid a sympathizing hand on the jester's arm.The two, ture- ing, made their way back to the court, tte prelate smiling as if at some secret Known to himself, Rahere in deep thought with the.same perplexity on his brow.They entered the Tower gardens, and even as they did s0 à sharp wheezy voice broke on their ears, T \u201cIt was robbery, pure robbery, my lord.\u201d The two saw the Bishop of Exeter wade dling along the walk with his boon come panion.\u201cAye, it was robbery.I did but speak in jest and Rahere held me to it, while the King took Rahere\u2019s side, as usual.1 had to furnish a hospital, thus robbing the poor of Exeter.Robbery, pure robbery!\u201d - .\u201cBut still thow wilt recover somewhat if thy scheme doth not fail,\u201d Lord Ware wick comforted him.\u201cA trifle.But the plan is a shrewd one and can hardly go amiss.The King will undoubtedly give the hospital to anyone I suggest, if the jester approves, and in this case it should be easy to overreach Rahere.\u201d \u201cIt is for thy nephew thon wilt speakf\u201d \u201cAye, a good lad\u2014not too keen\u2014bat one who takes advice.There should be some pickings from that fair of Rahere\u2019s.\u201d \u201cI-thought that it was free.\u201d \u201cA matter easily changed.\u2018There are always ways and means, ways and means.\u201d \u201cThere is also often a slip between cup and lip,\u201d Lord Warwick laughed.\u201cRa- here is clever.as thon knowest well.\u201d \u201cA charlatan, a mere charlatan,\u201d the Rishop rejoined.\u201cRahere has a lessom i0 learn yet.1 am not to be tricked with impunity.Take, for Instaace, this case of Prior Hugh\u201d \u201cThe canons of Thorncombe by Ere?Thou hast stirred up a hornet's nest there.The country is ablase.\u201cIt will die down.My good lord, what wouldst thou?! This Prior Hugh was wasting the Churca\u2019s substance.Poot folk temded for naught; help given to bedridden and beggared paupers without number! Out of the patrimony of Mother Church, mind you! I was forced te be firm.\u201d ibe country folk call Prior Hugh a saint.\u201d \u201cA visionary, A visionary.He claims that ft le possible to follow the Gos pel teaching lKerally, with out allow ance for the times 'n which we live.He teft Thorncombe\u2014 be is amenable to disci- pline\u2014and now he and his canons live tn a wretched shelter on the Wanping Road, alding paupers, thieves, and vagabands.But enough of this.Thy young son\u2014to change the subject\u2014must hs brought ont of this close association with Rabere.I have a plan.\u201d He dropped his voice to a whisper and the two passed out of sight.Rahere faced Bishop Richard.His face had hardened again.\u201cFsugh! A new plot in the wind.\u201d he ejaculated, and strode foto the palace.The Bishop followed, a rather troubled looked in his eyes.\u201cI wonder what they are achemiag against Rahere,\u201d he said half aloud.Fut the tester did not hear, (To be continued) Coming! - \u201cCaptain of His Soul\u201d Seldom has the Witness secured a serial which bar received auch whole-hearted commeudat'on from the members of the \u201cMy lord of Exeter would (ell thes that sat.Sce page 7 for further partieulars, VWENTY-SIR A Great Wo MONTREAL WIYNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, rid Question Present Condition of British Immigration is a Scandal, says Commissioner Lamb \u2014 Need for New Effort in Canada , Apart i.om Politics Holding, as he said, ne brief for any sell-secking interest, nor having any axe to grind, Commissionsr David C.Lamb, Salvation Army internstiomal social sec.tetary and director ot migration, London, Ængland, had some very pointed things 90 say when he addressed the Rotary Club in the Wiadsor Hotel, Montreal, on the subject of: \u201cThe Empire; Our Heritage.\u201d In two bointed sentences, he reached the climax of his outspoken address.It bit the gathering literally speechless.He \u201cThe present condition of affairs is a danger, a standal and a reproach not emily to professionzl statesmen, but also to the common sense of the British race.A people who continue to make ao little use of the unexampled heritage that is theire does not deserve, and can pearcely Justify, any claim to its position.\u201d Commnissioner lamb interspersed his address with aseodotes and bits of ex- perfemce gathered In his 32 years\u2019 connection with immigration from the Old Country to Canada.His humorous bits drew ropeated appleuse (rom the gather- img.Underlying the whole address, however, was a serious undercurrent, even grave, which found expression in the fol- lewing utterances, which condense the \u201cmeat\u201d of the talk:\u2014 \u201cThe whole future of our Empire do- pends upon the efficient handling of our men power.\u201cThe redistribution of the population of the British Empire is one of the most urgent questions, but to me it is comparatively simple.\u201cSuch redistribution is not primarily a political, economic or even an Imperial faste, bat a human business operation, \u201cA state-controlied movement is predestined to failure.\u201cIn the United Kingdom no government fs likely now to come forward and openly advocate emigration.Overseas, the ques- tiem ef immigration will probably tend more and more to become a party one.\u201cHence, the imperative need for a new effort on independent lines, and I strong- HON.ROBERT ROGERS Comservative candidate in Winnipeg South who will oppose Hom.T.C.Norris {a the forthcoming elections., Horizontal evade by a quibble.bearing animal.us English city.gles, or impedes.e.town in Scotland.n's name (ab) 23 Principles (ab.) 2ta Shabby.23 Slang for fellow.Trrerey >egEnds UH F 37 Extremities.30 A desert dweller.83 The skin of a deer.35 A girl's name.87 To put on as a garment, also to endow.Free.Vertical 1 A utensil.: 3 Abbreviation before mame of a Cana dian Premier, $ Lighter than air, 4 Young animal's meat.5 Weapony.¢ Thought.7 To cover with wax.$ Malicious fire.© A dread disease (ab) 10 Part of a potato, 35 Bird's mest.17 A wealthy man, ly urge the establishment of a commission of business mem, entirely out of politica and incapable of yielding to any political pressure, to undertake this werk of redistribution.\u201cPressure of population! It is à world Question.Yom have got it here; it is in the States.and in Europe we cannot go on enduring it.\u201cIn the Old Country there are a million and a haif more people than there would be if there had been no war and cemsation of emigration.À million and a quarter unemployed for nearly fire years! The country paying at least $5,000,000 à week for nothing! I do not understand why you have not taken poms of those people and that money.1 thought you were more astute.\u201cI take & that you know something of the EmiAre\u2019s fettioment Act of WA, where provision le made by the Old Country for the annual expenditure of §16,- 000,000 for 16 years, to promote the better distribution of the people of the Empire on a 50-50 basis, which has not been spent.° \u201cIn some parts of the Britist: Empire there is overcrowding, and the envirea- ment is bad.In other parts, oversean there is need for population, and the e2- viroament is good.But the population Question romains much \u2018as you were\u201d \u201cThe present condition of affairs is à danger, a scandal and a reproach nst oa- ly to professional atatesmen, brut also to the common sense of the British race.À peaple who contimue to make 20 little wse of the unexampied heritage that is thairs does not deserve, and cam scarcely justify, any claim to its positon.\u201cBefore 1914, capital and settlers were pouring into this country.If there bed not been a war, instead of being owver- railroaded, Canada would be under-rail- roadod today probably.Do not biame those who built the rallways se much.They could aot foresee the war.\u201cThere should be an immigration of at least 260,600 every year {rom the Old Gountry into Canada.I ehonld like to HON.T.C.NORRIS Former Premier ot Manitoba, who will run as a Liberal candidate for the Federal House for South Winnipeg, opposing Hon.Robert Rogers.OCTOBER 1, 1926.BOVRIL puts BEEF INTO YOU SOLD IN BOTTLES ONLY 192$ \\ CR PME the Empress of Scotland after a visit to CANADIAN COMMISSIONER RETURNS Hoa.and Mrs.P.C.Larkin and Miss Eileen Larkin retwratag to London aboard Canada.se a ten-ysar program oa this population question, just like in the old days there were ten-vear ship-buikding pre- «rame.The first three ysars would de hard work It will mean 24-hour and seven-day weeks.\u201cWhat is needed to accomplish that, is the same horse sense that served the Empire during the war appHed to present day conditions, and the sxme glowing spirit of victomy to carry it through te success.\u201d John Anderson, president, was in the chair, ané Rotariau I.Gammell conveyed beary thanks of the club for the able pre- sention of the subject by the apeaker.AGAINST PALSE OPTIMISM .(Ottawa Citisen) Expressing fear sad doubt or thef] present European situation, ro Rev.H.I.Horsey, chaplain of the Ottawa Highlanders (1st-38 Battalion, C.BF.), sounded a warning call to arms at the annual church parade to Zlon United Church.The chaplain developed the idea that those who seek to reduce Canada's militia at the present time have not the true \u201cunderstanding of the times.\u201d Canada's soldiers who fought on the fields of battle in the last war thought they were fighting the last international clash of srms and were fighting to end war, the Rev.Mr.Horsey said.He then reviewed the situation in Europe today, finding in this aituation much ground for disquietude.All Canadian men of military age should devote at least a part of their time CROSS WORD PUZZLE NO.47.to militia training.he believed.Cadet 3 18 Quick to learn; likely.training, ia spite of what had besa said in snd out of Parliament, is n splendid agent\u201d for the development of the physical and moral stamina of the esaniey's youth, Two factions in Canada today seek te lower the militia etrength, he said.These ars the \u201cReds\u201d and those who might be called pacilists.The first faction is very keen to keep the military strength of Canada at its lowest ebb.Those who preach the discontinuance of military and cadet training as a gesturs towards feace, do not understand the intermetion- al situation, although they may be honest and earnest.Rev.Mr.Horsey dwelt upon the small amownt of the appropriation for the militia of $1.35 per capita.He feared that in the post-war fit of economy, the Goverament might redece this to an even mors dangerous limit.\\ Thomas Joseph Healy, brother of Timo thy Healy, Governor-General of.the Irish Free State, is dead, at Dungarvan, Thomas Healy was a solickor, elder brother of Timothy and born in 1964 He was member of Parliament for Wexford {83 1000.- President Von Hindenburg, of Germany, appeared once more in the nniform of à fleld marshat of the German armies when he reviewed the manceuvres of the Reich- «wekbr troops at Mecklenburg.Immediate replacement of the dirigi Shemandoah, with sn airship three nes as large bus beun recommended to the President's special air board by Rear Ad miral W.A.Moffeit, navy air head.19 À plant and its fruit.21 A child.28 Finished.26 A famous jockey.28 Complete.29 Force through, atee to leak\u2019 3 Related.1 31 Skin.32 Seven.\" À dear.tranch of the defemsive fo 38 A common profit.vous (ab) \u2014 The ot three vertical wares on t-hand side this pussie should be numbered 34.« \u2014\u2014\u2014 ANSWER TO PUZZLE NO.46.ETO [LIUTVITJAIN]S : OJAITIEIN ERIRIY R N OM UL [TEN RB Ow IR 00K JIB AIRIOIN AJL! [TAP REC ET AIN HIAÏE 1ITHERA 1 + JRAMWIE AG A BOGE S Me CIP IRR 1 ; RIT IL E [RY RAD L RIN E WIE EL]! > JN _ _\u2014 - INTERPARLIAMENTARIANS IN MONTREAL Only Metropolis on Continent Speaking Universal Language (Boozs) Says American Three hundred and seventy delegates of the Inter-parllamentary Union, representing forty-two countries, were guests of the City of Montreal last week.The delegates, who have besn in North America attending their annual sessions in Washington and Ottawa, are now on their way home.They arrived in the city on two special trains over the Canadian Nationai Railways and were immediately taken to the Mount Royal Hotel, where the city served a luncheon.Mayor Duquette was toastmasier, and introduced legislators representing all the countries in the Union, Perhaps the biggest hit was scored by Congressman Hill, of the United States, who attained notoriety a short time ago by teating the American Prohibition law, by making wine and drinking it in his own home.\u201cIt is a sign that this union, devoted az it fs to peace and universal liberty, should meet in this \u2014the only metropolis on lhe North American continent, where this (ralsing his glass) universal lamguage je spoken.It fs also doubly significant, while talk of the abolishment of prisons and their improvement is International, that this city should have used their old prison for the manufacture of this symbol of freedom and liberty.\u201d Mayor Duquette welcomed the delegates in both French and Englieh and cited a few statistics of Mostreal.Gena- tor Beaubien walcomed them in the name of the province.FIGURES TELL THE TALE Marked Improvement of Industria} and Financial Conditions Under King Administration.Citing comparative figures to illustrate the condition of ¢he country in the last year of the Conservative administration udder Rt.Hom.Arthur Meighen, and for the fiscal year ended March 3%, 1925, Hon.T.A.Low, Minister of Trade and Com- meres, apeaking at Gekville, Ont.declared the best barometer of Canadian industrial and financial conditions was to be noted in the respective values of stocks during the ctosing years o?both administrations.\u201cDominion Textiles stock,\u201d he sald, \u201cwas worth in , 148.Today it is worth 256.This Is industry our opponents say we have ruined.etock was quot- od et 89 in 1921, and it is worth 158 now.For Canadian Cottons the figures are 85 and 119 respectively.Sherwin Wiliams Palat Co., stock has gone up from 88 in t and proper thing MONTREAL WITNESS AND CAN ADIAN HOMESTEAD, OCTOBER 21, Wes.1821 to 130 today; Canada Cement from 67 to 112.\u201d Quoting from statisties covering finan- cin] institutions, Mr.Low declared Bank of Montreal stock in 1931 wes at 215, and at 256 nt the present time: Royal Bank stock bad likewise risen, he said, from 205 to 239 in the same period; and Bank of Commerce stock had gone up from 194 to 218.Mr.Low contended that at ¢he end of the Meighen administration the country faced a deficit of $75,000,000 and thet $93.- 000.000 had been added to the Nationel debt in 1921, while the records for the last fiscal year showed thet under the King Government $75,000,000 Jess had been collected from the people of Canada \u2018a | taxes.In other words, he said, only $3 had been collected for the fiscal year ended March, 1925, for every $4 taken from the people during the last year of ths Meighen regime.He added that not one doMar had been added ¢o the National debt during the four years of the King administration, but that on the contrary, the debt had been reduced by about $5.000,000.The Minister of Commerce oked the trade balance in 1921 as being au adverse one of $29,000.600, while last year, he satd, it had changed to a favorable one of 3284.000,000 or an improvement of $313,- \u201cFor the year ended March, 1932.\" said Mr.Low, \u201cCanada\u2019s exports totalled $763,- 699,000.For the year ended March, 1926, they were $1.081.000,000, an increase of $325,000,000.Sir Henry Drayton has criticized the Government, and declared the country is importing tco much.He has from different platforms made the state ment that last year we imported to the vaiue of $300,000,000 moods that might have been made in Caneda.Yet in the fined year ot Mr.Meighen's power Canada imported $1,260,000,000 worth.\u201d AN New York coal companies have closed contracts with Welsh mine operators for coal az a precaution against a shortage from the anthracite strike.The quantity js reported to be approximately 50 000 tons per month and the first ehipment is now en route.Lumberjacks Off to Forosts Between 20,000 and 25000 men are expected to work in Quebec forests this winter, according to C.G.Piche, Chief Provincial Forester, who anticipates z very good season in pulp and paper products.The market for sawn lumber being lower, the cut would probably not be as heavy te in former years, said Mr.Piche.He remarked, however, that the working plans of the Provincial Government to stabilize the cut were meeting with success, and he referred to last year's {egis- jation restricting the cut to à certain percentage of the new growth of timber as A ROMANCE OF WEMBLEY \u2018Two natives of the Gold Coast who have been representing thelr country ia the Gold Const Pevilion at Wembley, decided to marry before returning home.Thay are Police Corporal Cyrus Williams and Miss Rebecca Mary Aane Themas.being an excellent step towards conserva tion.Gt.James United Church, Montreal, ia ont of debt.It starts ia the United Church fres of mortgages or financial encumbrances of any kind, atmrrmared! Oount Volpi, the Finance Minister, aud the other members of the Italian debt funding mission to America, have def- ritely decided to end from Neples October 32, aboard the steamer Duilio.Dr.Hugo Preuss, Democratic Reichstag Deputy and principal author of the German Republican ConstMation adopted at tbe Weimar conference, is dead.Dr.Preuss was Minister of the Interior un- det the ChanceHorship of Philipp Boheide- mann in 1919.He was born Oct.26, 1660.+ GRAY CLOTH COAT The gray cloth coat ls very smart, efth- er trimmed with for or left untrimmed.This straightline model above fs cut on generous lines, so that it wraps well about the figure.It needs no trimming, because of the decorative quality of the fabrice, which combines a soft gray with gray of deeper tint.A tiny felt bat of the lighter gray completes a very smart outfit.tr CHURCH UNION IN INDIA Willian and Ftorence Hazen, writing from Rahuri, India, say: \u201cUnion is in the air these days.The newly formed \u201cUnited Church in India (North)\u201d has brought together the Congregational Christiane of our Mission with those of Presbyterian origin.The old names are dropped, and a new feltow- ship has come into being, etretching from Bombay to Calcutta and beyond Labore in the north.Organixing of the \u201cChurch Councils,\u201d as the local associations are called, has already tiken place, ours being known as the \u201cGodavari Valley.\u201d Last month® we weit with other delegates to form the Synod for all of Western India.The General Assembly of the whole Church takes place in a few months.The details of this organization canse much work and discussion, but this new and wider teilowahip seems to prouise great things.\u201cWe find ourselves dealing with petty problems in Rahuri, having hard conflicts with the forces of evil about us; and we rejoice also to share in the larger movements of the Kingdom of God ttixrouzhont India.In all these, we crave a share of your jaterent and prayer.OINTMENT RHEUMATISM REMEDY WAITS NOMOZOPATHIC RNEUNATES ERHEDY painfui bot swelling of the Caronie Rhoumatiem with stiffness and eoremess of Sciatic Rheumatism, with hip, knee or lag of the Lambago, or pains across : i Fi ital: Remedy for Acute Rheumatiam with TWENTY SEVEN Sick Stomach Teaches Her a Lesson Brookiyn.Mrs.Alfred Fle writes: \u2014*1 had become accus tomed to aris each day with » avy head, dissy, and bad taste In my mouth, My ÿ ach | had to leave an important job and go home.A friend advised Carters Little Liver Pills.1 feel like a made over person since using them 1 have learned a good lessen, and whenever my stomach goes bad again l'H certainiy know what to do.\u201d Carter\u2019s Littie Liver Pills relieve the constipated condition by ing the intestines of their waste matter.Their action is gentle and free from pain.All druggists, 26¢ or BURNS J'OR \u2018SCALDE, CUTS AND BRUISES.OR COLDS.COUGHS AND BRONCHIAL AFFLICTIONS, FOR STIFF MUSCLES.SPRAINS AND STRAINS AND NUMEROUS OTHER AILMENTS COMMON TO MAN AND BEAST.THERE 18 NOTHING SUPERIOR TO THAY OLD TRIED AND RELIABLE REMEDY D® THOMAS\u2019 ECLECTRIC OIL MAGNESIA BEST FOR YOUR INDIGESTION Warns Against Deping Stemach With Artificial Digestants Moat people who suffer, either occasiame ally or chronjeally from gus, sourness and indigestion, have now discontinued disagres- able diets, patent foods and the use of harmful drugs, stomach tonics, medicines and artificial digestants, and instead, following the advice 30 often given In these columns, take a teaspoonful or two tablets of Bisurated Magnesia in a little warm water after theals with the result that their stomach no longer troubles them, they are able to eat as they please and they enjoy much better hesith.Those who use Blsurated Magnesia never dread the approach of meal time because they know this wonderful antl-acid and food corrective, which can be obtained from any good drug store, will instantly neutralize the stomach acidity, sweeten the stomach, prevent food fermentation, and without the slightest pain or âiscomfort Try this plan yourself, but be certain to get pure ted Magnesia ospecially pre pared for stomach use.[Removes Warts | # ENCLISHWOMAR® writer to the Montranl Sour: I read a letter in\u2019 your paper asking fi medyfor warts, and and ono that took an e | IT à ii ï £ = Èe | pis ul i tés H i Healed His Rupture I was badly ruptures while lifting a trunk years ago.Doctors said my only of remedy wus an eporation.Trustees me no good.Finady I got hold of something thst quickly helped me.Years have passed and the rupture has never returned, altho 1 am doisg hard work se a oarpens ter.ere was to operation, no lost time, ne trouble.I have nothing to sell, but ge full information about how you may ® complete cure without operation, if you write to me.Eugene M.Pulien, ater, 1TSM Marcellus Avenus, Manasquan, N.J.Better cut out this notice and show it to any others who are ruptureé\u2014you may save a life or at least stop the misery rupture and the worry and of an operation.= rte = INT 28 AND CAN ALAN HUMES