The educational record of the province of Quebec, 1 juillet 1929, Juillet - Septembre

[" THE CATIONAL RECORD OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC (Published Quarterly) Old Series, Vol.XLV II, No.3.New Series, Vol.III, No.8.JULY-AUGUST-SEPTEMBER, 1929 S IT possible, Gentlemen, that you can have read one, two, three or more of the acknowledged masterpieces of literature without having it borne in on you that they are great because they are alive, and traffic not with cold celestial certainties, but with men\u2019s hopes, aspirations, doubts, loves, hates, breakings of the heart; the glory and vanity of human endeavour, the transience of beauty, the capricious uncertain lease on which you and I hold life, the dark coast to which we inevitably steer; all that amuses or vexes, all that gladdens, saddens, maddens us men and women on this brief and mutable trajeet which yet must be home for a while, the anchorage.of: our hearts?\u2014 (Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch on Style in \u201cOn the Artof Writing.y > ES QUEBEC, QUE.~ THE CHRONICLE-TELEGRAPH PRINT ae oe aT rim ee - mm orn Tre = re pre oe er, Sey ST, in ried =r nT ts = => Tor se, = See ex oo Cate x _> SES me secoue Se ec TEE as as ji 2 pores SR etre ve ore, Toe 3 => SEE os Sa ER x er Xd a == = == a Sa See = Ses ze > ir idee, ae Eo 3 + 2% : itt, THE EDUCATIONAL RECORD À quarterly journal in the interests of the Protestant Schools of the Province of Quebec, and the Medium through which the Proceedings of the Protestant Committee of the Council of Education are communicated, the Committee being responsible only for what appears in its Minutes and Official Announcements.Old Series, Vol.XLVII.No.3 Subscription, $1.00 per annum.New Series, Vol.III, No.3.July-August-September, 1929 J.C.SUTHERLAND, Editor and Publisher. i & ps 3 À ny 4A) A ; \" ee | Wh A | i Xi Hi h : ih 4 : J 4 iM Hi ie ha 4 Mie bi: » i! = [ 5 th i ÿ H he À 4 vi nn iW fi J J i j ; je i ï a A iB 0) Kn els No 41 Le En HO 1 BB A ios ee Ys YH Qi ui pe 5.A THE MAPLE LEAF SERIES CANADIAN HEROINES OF PIONEER DAYS T'his Supplementary Reader which has been written by a Canadian, Mabel Burns McKinley, and a former Teacher, tries to fill all the requirements of the public schools of today.It places before the child in a very interesting and active manner the lives of the following women who were among the early settlers of Canada.MADAME DE LA TOUR ABIGAIL BECKER MADELEINE DE VERCHERES MADAME HEBERT Mademoiselle JEANNE MANCE MARIE ANNE LAGIMONIERE LAURA SECORD MRS.SHUBERT MARGUERITE DE ROBERVAL ELIZABETH MCDOUGALL The Illustrations in Canadian Heroines of Pioneer Days will attract and hold the interest of any child.It is bound in a bright limp cloth cover at forty cents and cloth cover at fifty cents.This book carries the usual school discount of twenty per cent.~~ If you would care to examine a copy of CANADIAN HEROINES OF PIONNER DAYS at your leisure please advise us when a copy will go forward to you on approval and may be returned without any obligation if not satisfactory.LONGMANS, GREEN & COMPANY 128-32 UNIVERSITY AVENUE.TORONTO 2 Are Your Maps Up-To-Date?GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY TAKE ON NEW AND KEENER INTEREST WHEN CORRECT MAPS ARE AVAILABLE TO SUPPLEMENT THE INSTRUCTION OF THE TEACHER AND THE READING OF THE TEXT BOOKS.Our Maps are the productions of George Philip and Son Ltd.who are recognized as the Leading Map Publishers of the Empire.See our New Catalog No.45 for complete details.Other outstanding Philips\u2019 Publications: Adventures of Exploration In Six Volumes.Complete Post Paid Piers Plowman Junior Historics In Seven Volumes.Complete Post Paid Piers Plowman Social and Economic Historics In Seven Volumes.Complete Post Paid .$7.00 F.N.MOYER COMPANY LiMiTED CANADA\u2019S SCHOOL FURNISHERS 106-108 YORK STREET - TORONTO\u20142 .WINNIPEG SASKATOON EDMONTON PARLEZ-VOUS FRANCAIS?(Par-lay Voo Frohn-say) Why not learn to Speak French?USE HECTOR GARNEAU\u2019S HOW TO SPEAK FRENCH With a new and easy pronunciation.400 Lessons reprinted by permission from MONTREAL Darry STAR POST 5Oc PAID RENOUF PUBLISHING COMPANY 1433, McGill College Avenue MONTREAL GWNIGIWIGCIWN\u201cI(GC\"IW\u201cIG\u2014IWNI(\u2014G6IWIGWNIWNIGWNIGIWNIGWIGCWI :-: THE :-: ?\u201cHighroads\u201d Dictionary \u201cThe constant use of the dictionary is an essential element of education.\u201d The \u201cHighroads\u201d Dictionary is ideal for school use: \u2014 ; The definitions are clear and simple.The pronunciation is given when necessary.The} Derivations are indicated.An appendix containing words .and phrases from the Latin, Greek and Modern Languages, is included.+ Many words which gained currency during the War, have been ?introduced.A Canadian supplement has been added recently.It includes peculiarly Canadian words\u2014habitant, Seigniory, voyageur, ete.; the names of North America birds, animals and flowers; a number of recognized collogiualisms\u2014movies, hobo, ete., and recent additions to the language\u2014insulin, radio, ete.Bound in cloth boards.50 cents.Thomas Nelson & Sons Limited 77 Wellington St.W., - - Toronto-2 GIGI RICHI CHIC ICH RICH ICHIGO CHICWICWICWICHICHKICWICHICHKSI es port QUO Ado en ae cu aides Cu cOtede tee CONTENTS Editorial Notes.121101 LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL La Inspection Details.0200 02401444 s La sea a LL LL Aa a aa Local Geography Competition.West\u2019s History Again.i Essence of Teachers\u2019 Pensions.cou i LL LL Education and Farming.LL A a a a aa ane Prize Essay in Local Geography.Making Arithmetic Practical and Interesting.Junior Red Cross Report.a a a aa Flag Winners for the School Year, 1928-1929.Labrador Mission Schools.LL LL LL LL LL LL Book NoOtICES.voto ALL LL LL LL World Message of Welsh Children.Sir Robert Borden on Canadian History.Eyesand No Eyes.i Inspectors\u2019 Reports.+ \u20ac + + + + 1 5 6 6 + 0 + 8 0 4 + 0 0 1 6 0 6 4 0 1 6 0 0 + 0 Minutes of Protestant Committee .+ + + + + 4 1 + 8 0 2 + 3 6 6 4 3 4 4 3 4 5 2 1 4 8 + 0» 0 1 0 6 For every subject there is an ideal Teachers\u2019 Help, and ideal Supplementary Reader.It is our Cx) pleasure to help the ny teacher find these.WITH THE BIRDS.\u2014By F.L.Marsh.With the Birds for Little Folk tells the children, simple, amusing or appealing stories of the best known birds wherever they are to be found.With the Birds of Field and Garden commences the systematic study of the birds, still in story form, with interesting anecdotes and selections from famous poems.Each book has four coloured plates and many black and white Mustrations.LA a Re AA A A A AA 4 4 a ee 4e A 4 Re A a 8 4 8e A4 0 A a A 4 A 4 A a ea ea 120 + 60c.and 70c.PICTURE APPRECIATION.\u2014By E.Vaughan Grayson.Six coloured plates and sixty black and white illustrations make invaluable this course in picture study for elementary grades.Not only are interesting ideas given for correlation with music, literature, ete., but questions and answers are arranged in parallel columns in such a way that the answers form a complete story and appreciation of the picture.$4.00 READING PRACTICE SERIES.\u2014By D.J.Dickie.The first ten of a new, attractive series for the little folk, comprising distinctively Canadian material.Fresh stories of this kind are badly needed and these are singularly appealing and charmingly illustrated in a colour and black and white.Titles are as follows: Funny Stories, Books I.and II.Bible Stories, Books I, II.and III.New Nursery Stories, Books I.and II Health Stories, Books I.and II.Stories of New Canadians, Book I.each 12c.PAGES FROM CANADA\u2019S STORY II.\u2014By Helen Palk.Mêgrificently illustrated in full colour and black and white this volume, with Pages From Canada\u2019s Story Part I.published last year, covers the entire period of Canadian History in chronological order, in story form suitable for the Intermediate grades in the elementary schools.75c.CLASS ROOM PLAYS FROM CANADIAN HISTORY.\u2014By À.M.Stephen.Thirty plays dealing with the most vital moments in Canadian History in really dramatic form yet so simple that they can be prepared and staged by children with the facilities of the ordinary ungraded school.They are short enough to be presented in a class period but a group of them makes an attractive program for a Literary Society or a public entertainpment.$1.25 J.M.DENT & SONS, Ltd take pleasure in sending complete catalogues and lists together with prospectuses of the above 3 books, or suggestions as to books which will meet any LU LU special need, on receipt of a card at Aldine House, 224 Bloor Street West, Toronto. Our illustration in this issue of the East Broughton asbestos mine and works is from an air photograph which we owe to Mr.J.A.Dresser, M.A., of Westmount.The asbestos mineral is one of the most important natural resources of the province, and for a long time Quebec had almost the world monopoly of it.Discoveries in South Africa, however, have given some competition in the production.The heap of rock waste showing in the picture is a familiar feature of the asbestos mines.What to make of the waste is an unsolved problem for the time being, but may be the discovery in the future of some boy now in high school.Dr.Silver\u2019s retirement as secretary- superintendent of the Montreal Protestant schools, after thirty-five years of service with the board as a principal (1894 to 1908) and as chief executive officer (1908 to 1929), is an event to be noted.Dr.Silver proved himself a most efficient officer in the years of the expansion of the Montreal schools.There were but 15 elementary and 3 high schools when he took charge; there are now 46 elementary and 5 high schools.To him is due a large part of the credit of the admirable school buildings with which the city is now supplied.Retiring on account of poor health, his many friends will hope that rest will ensure a restoration to good health for many years.Dr.Silver is succeeded as chief executive officer by Mr.D.C.Logan, which may be described as not only as a particularly good but also as a logical appointment.As first assistant EDITORIAL NOTES EDITORIAL NOTES to Dr.Silver, Mr.Logan had proved his worth, had familiarised himself with all the details of administration and had further qualified himself by the special visit he made to Great Britain a year or so ago to study methods followed in London and other cities.Mr.Logan may be counted upon to make a good record in his responsible position.Contrasted with the large number of of pupils who competed in our French Translation Competitions is the very small number of teachers who ventured to send an essay on a lesson in \u201cLocal Geography\u201d.At the time of writing this note no other essay has been re- ceivedthan the one we mentioned in the last issue, received from Miss Opal J.Adams of Pointe à la Garde, Bonaventure county, and which was given the first prize.Miss Adams\u2019s paper, which we publish in this issue, is bright, interesting and suggestive of good method, and has the further merit of being the record of a lesson given on the second day of her first year of teaching.The date fixed for other competitors was September 1st.If any essays come before that date they will receive consideration, but we offer in addition another competition for November on another page.Principals of rural high schools will have to take notice of the fact that Physical Geography is no longer a matriculation subject with McGill University.Hence pupils desiring to matriculate must take some other Science subject: Chemistry, Physics or Botany.This will mean in some 136 EDUCATIONAL RECORD cases the need of equipment.Physical Geography remains sufficent, however, for School Leaving without matriculation.It was on January 4, 1911, that Mr.C.J.Magnan was appointed Inspector General of the Roman Catholic Schools of the Province, and on the same date the Editor of the Educational Record was appointed Inspector General of the Protestant Schools.These were the first appointments to that position.Mr.Magnan is now, after nearly nineteen years of service, succeeded by Mr.C.J.Miller of Montreal as Inspector General of the Catholic Primary Schools.The large number of these schools and the consequently large number of Catholic inspectors, together with the increase of normal schools, prompted Mr.Magnan himself to suggest a change of organisation which would enable him to devote more of his time to those matters of pedagogical advice and direction for which his training and experience have so eminently fitted him.By this change Mr.Magnan will retain the inspection of the twenty Catholic normal schools\u2014an important task in itself\u2014 as well as serving as adviser to the Department in matters of a technical character .He continues also as Editor and Publisher of L\u2019Enseignement Primaire.In a previous issue, at the request of the provincial Safety League, we drew the attention of teachers to the danger of live power wires and the consequent necessity that boys should be warned against climbing the poles carrying power.On July 16th Roland Chabot, of Montreal, eleven years of age, was another of the victims of this danger.He was playing with some companions, and a kite they were flying became entangled in the wires of the power.Young Chabot volunteered to climb and free the kite, but when he was reaching it there was a flash of flame and he was burned from head to foot, dying two hours later at the Royal Victoria Hospital.He was still conscious when he was brought to the ground by the emergency crew of the Power Company.A paragraph from the Gazette's account of the tragedy 1s pathetic: \u201c \u2018Papa, take me home\u2019, he called.He was laid on the ground and the Power company employees dressed his injuries and wrapped a blanket about him, waiting for the ambulance which had been called.The boy looked up at the tower where he had been burned and said: \u2018There is a man in that pole; get him down\u2019 \u201d.Warnings to boys are certainly required wherever power lines are situated.Again on Sunday July 2lst, Candide Corriveau of St.Vallier near Quebec got off his bicycle to examine a transformer.Jumping over the enclosure which surrounded the transformer, he touched it and was instantly killed by the charge of 15,000 volts of electricity.Young Corriveau was fifteen years of age.The following volunteer teachers for the summer months in the Labrador schools arrived in Quebec on Sunday the first of September: Miss Maude Morris, who taught at Kegaska; Miss Isabella Scott, at Mutton Bay; Mr.Clarke, at Old Fort Island and Mr.Kestill-Cornish at Bradore Bay Island Mr.Reeve who taught at Shekatika arrived later, and Miss Hamilton who taught at Fox Island remains on the North Shore to teach at Harrington in the winter.The volunteer teachers EDITORIAL NOTES 137 were much pleased with the results obtained during the short season and also with the experience in that part of the province.The address of Miss Violet G.White is desired, as she is entitled to a successful teaching bonus.It was sent to one address and returned by postmaster.School boards and teachers are reminded that the Provincial Bureau of Health still insists most strongly on the law requiring that every pupil shall have a certificate of vaccination before admitted to school.In these days of feverish speculation in \u2018\u2018active\u2019\u2019 common stocks, good bonds and good preferred stocks are too much neglected.Hon.Mr.Delâge, Superintendent of Education, advises investors to consider the merits of the many issues of serial school bonds.These are now surrounded with such safeguards before they are authorized by the Lieutenant-Governor in council that they are absolutely safe.As an example of the esteem in which are they are held we may mention the case of the board of a small school muni cipality which sold an issue of $100,- 000.00 recently at 96, although the rate of interest was not more than five per cent.Those familiar with the present position of the bond market in general will realize that this was a good price.INSPECTION DETAILS At their annual conference at Quebec in July the Protestant Inspectors requested that their \u201cdirections\u201d for inspection should be printed for the benefit and information of the teachers.The \u2018\u2018directions\u2019 are those printed in the Inspector\u2019s Note Book, from which the work of the teachers is estimated.They read: \u2014 (1) These notes must be made in triplicate.(2) Each subject space calls for 100 marks.(3) Progress is found by taking half of grand total on Course of Study.(4) Classification is best estimated by results in Course of Study.Discipline should include the evidence of the premises.Time-Table must be complete, framed, covered and exposed.Register ought to be fully entered and posted.Premises, according to the requirements of the Regulations.Course of Study, deduct for subject omitted or neglected.Conference, must attend and observe instructions given.Methods, in discipline, instruction, management.Permanent Record, there must be a record of one complete examination in all subjects of the course for each grade for the first term and another proceeding for the second term.(5) Efficiency is the success for the year according to the estimates of the Inspector.(6) Re pupils let G= good, G + = above good, G = below good.Do not use other letters.This is enough. EDUCATIONAL RECORD (7) 75% means satisfactory results.(8) Grade I.= Primers; Grade II = Book I, Grade III = Book II; Grade IV = Book III; Grade V =, Book IV Grades VI and VII =, Book V.(9) Retain yellow sheet, send one copy of report to the school board and another to the teacher.LOCAL GEOGRAPHY COMPETITION es We again offer three prizes to teachers of rural elementary and rural intermediate schools for short essays on Local Geography.The rules of the competition are as follows: \u2014 Sri en I.Papers of about 400 to 600 words to be submitted, describing an actual lesson on the geography of the territory in which the teacher\u2019s school is situated.2.The papers to be signed by the teacher, giving her address and the loca- \u201ction of the school.3.Address the papers: \u201cEditor Educational Record, Department of Education, Quebec\u201d, not later than November 1, 1929.4.The Editor reserves the right to publish any of the papers receiving a prize.The prizes are as follows:\u2014 First Prize, five dollars\u2019 worth of books.Second Prize, three dollars\u2019 worth of books.Third Prize, two dollars\u2019 worth of books.The books will be selected by each winner from the lists of publishers who advertize in the Educational Record.Incidentally we may mention that these publishers have many other charming books besides school text books, and in these competitions we desire not only to encourage interest in local geography methods, but also to develop the buy-a-book-and-build-up-a-library habit.It is worth while.In the last number of the Journal of Education (London, Eng.) that veteran educationist, Sir John Adams, begins an article with the startling statement: \u201cMost teachers do not realize what a bad reputation they have among the publishers.Book-buying is not included among our virtues by the book- producers\u2019. tr Gab CSN 4 i} 3 + Hh ii Ki) in Hi pi \u2014 ir CR 55.i eo 7 7 2 ir 7 SA 2 LE a ; gs 4) i NSE 7 Ze 2 5.- x x 7 a HN wi > # * # Se yg A | a 2 Per 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4 fs Se, i 5 = ; 4 a bo Es | figs = es AG Ë & i i 4.se A CM D 2 Ze Li TE 22 ES a x p.4 2 wz a 57 7 Ë 5 54 a { 25 ÿ Sets sr 7% 7 ee as jh a Re 5 Is 5 Las 5 ue J.5 x \u201cA \u201cond \u201d 4 2 7% &; Ty 5 pes Le LAS fs Fe x 4 2 # a 2 Ls Li, 2 2 GE 2 Se 2 \u201c M i 7 .7 7: Æ iA A es i 7 fs 2 7 vi Gr Se 7 2 5 pe A ES pe 23 A Wy or vs Vis 57 7 ne ps 2 : \u201c4 4 i 2 3 5 4 4% Ë ee 5 a 54 = 4 # ; = i © i a \u201c G7 # FH > adi 2 i i SE Si o vA va 12 ors Le 2 23, 2 ; # i 2 + AX A 4 i 7 Lg fe # a 5 ; A 4 7% 2 ê #5 br 2 26 be ei ae se =; 2 Fs A a = 9e oF 74 A 2e 5 7 x £3 + a | ; = 2 : 0 on 2 6 ; A.> £ 2 er sis A et SA ma Go VE ne wy 3 x 7 $ ea i 2 3) > va pe \u201chy + 2 ed 8 oe, % < 2e ts 2 & 4 7 5 « 5 as Pas FE i AER 2 5 a = = ; ae.ro $2 5 gr : a £ 73 sr = ga = > Ps: oo Lau a LS A | LA #3: = 4 ES = a a.27 .= ih Asbestos Mine at East Broughton, Que.or a mi te 2 pe .Ge be 2 5 5 #5 ; i % .Fe a ws, 2 a 5 4 on NAGS Ps a A > it = = >.a 5 fs + wi ! 7 a ae ye = £ * 2.2 A A : É > Tv sé ; #5 A $ ca = x 5: wy no = i = \"44 $ 4 > au if i i 3 4 Ze = 4 23 a 5, à ih i Î qu ue ce x 7 = Ce SAR i onl 5 As Ss Rete i i x si £5 i oh 5 5 we ty 4 5 9% se 4 6 Si 5 2 À 5 2 2 ww.he RE % > a, pe or os or + Je JE.SE 5 fee?= So 3 HS ; = Xs ee = 2 > a * SA = 3 LE a 2 35 va w & 3 * oa i x 7 > ; = GE ES RE oy + \u20ac sa.$5) Bl +22 x: je 5: 8 7: 5 a 4, vi = 5 Si 5 a Es ; i 26 Se 4 fi 5 i a a pe \u201c8, GL rg ES 3 5 Ji Sk SR: 5 Fa ie.= S Be + 5 * .5 i A > i 4 Da > , = a 8 % De & = 2 ak > a x s in?i = 2 * + > & Sx 2 5 Z \u20ac 5 ve ee Fe) 4 eu 5 ws 4 Ps PE x + i és PA $2 Fe A a = = 3 i oa; \u20ac = # PA 4 - = ss 7x = cn ps - 2 i 5 x ~ À A GET \"HN0 \u201cNOLHDNOUE LSVH LV HNIN SOLSHASV A A EDUCATIONAL RECORD WEST\u2019S HISTORY AGAIN McLean\u2019s Magazine is now shockingly distressed to find West\u2019s World History still used by authority in the schools of British Columbia, Ontario, Nova Scotia and in the Protestant schools of Quebec.In view of the frantic attacks upon the book in the press several years ago, based on the ground that it was written by an American professor, it would seem to most reasonable people that responsible departments of Education would have dropped the book at that time in the face of the deluge of protests if it had really possessed all the objections that a nervous lot of people (who never read it) had imagined it to have.The fact is that West\u2019s World History has been retained by entirely loyal people on its merits.It is an excellent World History for high school use.McLean's article (July 1 issue) admits that it is not without high quality, and further adds: \u201cTo do it justice, it devotes a considerable portion of its contents to English History\u201d.This acknowledgement might justly have gone further.West is so admirable in regard to the contribution of the Mother Country throughout her history to the development of free and constitutional government in the world that, in his own country, West is one of those condemned as \u2018\u2018pro-British\u201d by the anti-British firebrands.To condemn the book because it does not contain a full account of the part taken by Canada in the Great War is neither reasonable nor just.The book is a World History from the earliest times to the present.The war is treated splendidly, and the Toronto magazine admits that \u201cit makes no serious distortion.\u201d Decidedly it does not, or in other words it makes none.Its tribute to Great Britain, to Canada and the other Dominions, is perfect, and as for the long delay of the United States West says, among other things; \u201cTrue, the best informed men and women saw at once that France and Britain were waging America\u2019s war against a militaristic despotism.Many thousands of young Americans, largely college men, made their way to the fighting line as volunteers, in the Canadian regiments, in the French Foreign Legion, or in the \u2018\u2018air-service\u201d, and hundreds of thousands more blushed with shame daily that other and weaker peoples should suffer in the common cause while they stood idly by.\u201d The present protest of the McLean\u2019s Magazine is based, it says, upon the desire of the parents of Canada that their children shall obtain a proper perspective of the part played by the British Empire in the greatest test of nationhood ever demanded.Very good.But we think that the \u201cchildren\u201d are getting this perspective now in the text books on Canadian History.West's is not a Canadian History either for the early or the higher grades, but a World History for the highest grades of high school.Intelligent high school pupils would regard a special chapter along the lines apparently desired by McLean's as overdoing the splendid tribute that the British Empire recieves in West's clear and instru- tive chapters on the war in pages 621 to 669.Suspicion of American historians on the simple ground that they are American is not justified at this time of day.It is now fully thirty years since Professor Fisher of Pennsylvania published his two volumes on the American Revolution, in which he did full justice to the British side of the question in that great struggle.It is true that he had been preceded on the other side of the water THE ESSENCE OF TEACHERS\u2019 PENSIONS 141 by Professor Lecky and Sir George Otto Trevelyan in a generous recognition of the American side of the same question.Ever since there has been a vast improvement in the attitude of the school histories used in the United States, to which the present writer drew attention sixteen years ago (University Magazine, Montreal, February 1913).The frank, outspoken and critical high school \u2018\u2018History of the United States\u201d by Professor David Muzzey of Columbia, though banned by a number of the States, still sells in the United States, we understand, by the hundred thousand yearly.As a matter of fact the old-time anti- British histories which prevailed in the schools of the United States from about 1800 to 1880 have practically disappeared, and apparently Mr.Hearst and Mr.William Thompson of Chicago are the sole prominent advocates of their resurrection.One word more.A really good high school world history is by no means an easy thing to produce.That is why there are so few to choose from, either in Great Britain or in the United States.Yet a good world history is a most valuable text book for the high schools, and more particularly for the ninety per cent of the students who do not go forward to the universities.It affords a world outlook of the greatest importance in this age.Professor West conceived the purpose of this study in the best way.His title for the book is \u201cThe Story of World Progress\u201d, and what he has emphasised is the elements of the past which prepare best for the understanding of the problems of modern life.It is for this reason that he has dealt so fully, for instance, with the great contribution of England to the development of free and constitutional government in the world THE ESSENCE OF TEACHERS\u2019 PENSIONS Every year there are many teachers teaching for the first time.Every year, also, there are questions to be answered not only from new teachers but also from many who have taught for some time.Experience shows that reminders cannot be given too often in the Educational Record.A frequent question from new teachers 1s, Whether school boards have the right to make the pension deduction from their salaries when they (the teachers) do not desire to contribute to the Fund?The answer is that the boards are obliged to make the deduction from the salary of everylay teacher, with or without diploma, unless they wish to make a present of the amount.Another sometimes asked is, Did the school board remit the stoppages to the Department?The answer is that the boards do not need to remit the stoppages.In July every year the school boards send their annual financial report, and this must contain the names of all the teachers and the full amount of their salaries before the deduction has been made.The Department enters every name in its records, and deducts the stoppage from the annual grant sent to the board.Individual receipts are also sent to the secretary-treasurers, but even if not delivered to the teachers the stoppages are nevertheless on record at the Department.Ee Ch 142 Then there are those who have taught a few years and have married or have turned to another profession, and who write asking that that their pension stoppages be re-imbursed by return mail.But these stoppages are only re-imbursed to teachers who, after serving not less than ten years and less than twenty years, have been obliged to give up on account of serious accident or enfeebled health.Upon return to health, and resuming teaching, they may restore their pension rights by again paying within five years the sum that was re-imbursed.The payment may be made in a lump sum or in five equal and annual instalments.Teachers who have taught twenty years and have been obliged to give up on account of their health may receive their pension before the age of 56.In this case, as well as in the previous one of re-imbursement, medical certificates are required and the Superintendent may order an independent certificate by another physician.In the case of pensions granted before the age EDUCATIONAL RECORD of 56, medical certificates are required each year.Teachers who have taught twenty years may retire at the age of 50, but will not receive their pension until they are 56 years old.This privilege is one, however, that needs special warning about.Immediately upon retiring at 50 the teacher should make application for the pension, even though there will be six years to wait for it.The reason is that the Pension Act requires that every applicant, of any age, shall have taught at least two years during the five years before retirement.Another constantly needed warning is that concerning teaching in private schools.Application should be made at once to the Superintendent to open or teach in a private school.The reason for this is verv clear.In order to maintain pension rights the teacher must, every year, remit to the Department the pension deductions (at present two and a half per cent), together with a certificate from the principal or secretary of the private school in regard to the salary paid.-\u2014 EDUCATION AND FARMING The Hon.Mr.Perron, the recently appointed Minister of Agriculture for the Province, has inaugurated a new agricultural policy which bids fair to be of vast importance and value to our farmers.Mr.Perron\u2019s reputation as a vigorous administrator had been already established in the Roads Department.The magnificent roads which now cover the main routes from Abitibi to Gaspé have been achieved as the result of large practical vision added to untiring energy on the part of the Minister.It is this fact which at once gave confidence to the public, and obtained support from the press of both political parties, when the plans of a new and forward policy in agriculture were announced by Mr.Perron.The immediate challenge for such a policy is, of course, the tariff changes of the United States which threaten to injure the export of cream and other farm products to that country.But from the fund of information that Mr.Perron was able to obtain from his own Department as well as from other experts, it was plain that revised sys- reconnait EDUCATION AND FARMING 143 tems and methods of production and marketing had become necessary in any case, not only that the farmers might become more able to supply more profitably the markets of this Province with products which too often come from outside, but that they might be prepared also to produce certain lines for export to the European market and elsewhere.The details of the new policy have been sufficiently given in the daily press, and in this article we wish merely to consider the one important point of the bearing of Education upon agricultural progress.During the nearly twenty years that the Editor has been engaged, as part of his duties, in the work of rural school consolidation, he has constantly urged the value and importance of a sound andthorough education as the best foundation for success in farming.The example of Denmark has been cited in this connection at hundreds of school meetings where consolidation was under consideration.It is true that the objection is often offered that improved schools at which the higher grades can be taught merely tend to educate the sons and daughters off the farm, but this is readily answered.A certain proportion always has moved from the farm to the city and always will\u2014to the benefit of the city\u2014but it is surely an advantage for them at least that they should go better prepared educationally than if their opportunities had been confined to a more or less effective elementary school.But that improved educational facilities in the country really accelerates the movement to the cities has not been proved, and on the other hand the writer: knows of good instances where sons of the farm, admittedly as the result of having had the opportunity of high school work in a consolidated school, have turned to farming with a particular energy and interest in their work which might not have been manifested otherwise.But, as we have seen it, the great advantage of the improved facilities which a superior school, consolidated or other, offers in a community is the general increase in spirit and intelligence of the community as a whole, which becomes manifest in a very few years.Now the plans of the Minister of Agriculture are based upon co-oper- ation in community and regional areas, both for production and marketing.The success of the plans will therefore depend very largely upon the general intelligence of a given community or region, and the work of the schools will become more and more of the highest importance to this end. 144 EDUCATIONAL RECORD PRIZE ESSAY IN LOCAL GEOGRAPHY \u201cFROM SMALL BEGINNINGS\u201d (Miss Opal J.Adams, Pointe d la Garde) It was September 5, 1928, the second day of my first year teaching school.Naturally there was a scarcity of books at this time and many of our lesson must needs be \u201chome made\u201d.It was rather difficult at first to reduce one\u2019s ideas until they were simple enough to be grasped by these young minds, but by imagining myself in their places I succeeded, I hope, fairly well.After a thoughtful preparation I was ready to instruct our first Geography lesson in Classes I and II.Immediately after Devotional Exercises the announcement was made: \u201c\u201cNow classes, our first lesson will be in Geography.\u201d A number of young forms straightened up, bright faces waited eagerly.Evidently this was a subject from which they expected to derive much pleasure.Second Announcement: \u201cWe are going to make an outline sketch of this district after which I am going to ask each one of you to put in certain places for me.\u201d First Command: \u201cDougall, with that point which juts out into the river as a starting place, commence our sketch.\u201d A few looks of amusement were exchanged as Dougall delightedly performed his task.After each one had put forth his or her best efforts we had a fairly good outline.It was amazing how these young children remembered every feature of the country so well.Now began the pleasant work of locating the homes.Each individual was called up in turn to mark the place where he or she lived.\u201cBut,\u201d I said, \u201cthere are more things than houses in your district, What about your river, lakes, brooks, highway, railway, bridges and mountains ?Who can put in our river with its name?\u201d Up went every hand.Annie was chosen.She accomplished her work very well with the exception of writing the name.Prompted by the others she soon had the name printed plainly along the river line.\u201cCan you tell me, Laura,\u201d I went on, \u201cwhat kinds of fish we catch in this river ?\u201d \u201cPlease Miss,\u201d answered Laura, \u201cwe catch smelts and cod in the winter and salmon in summer.\u201d \u201cGood!\u201d I returned.\u2018Perhaps you can come and mark the railway with its name.\u201d Each one contributed towards this and soon we has a railway line meandering through the country with the name Q.O.R.marked beside it.\u201cNow, Jean,\u201d I began again, \u201cthat is a level stretch of land your father owns, does he raise any crops on it?\u201d MAKING ARITHMETIC PRACTICAL AND INTERESTING 145 Jean was ready with her answer and an interesting one it was.I learned that hay, barley, wheat, corn and many vegetables were the products of this land.So the lesson went on for about twenty-five minutes, when a sudden glance at my watch told me that time was up.The lesson was so interesting and the responses so lively that to use an old expression \u2018\u201c\u2018the time just flew.\u201d With a beginners pride I looked at the work we had just completed.Everything seemed to be in its right place\u2014river, roads, lakes, hills and mountains.Very reluctantly the pupils turned to their next lesson, but soon were in the depths of Arithmetic.Is it not quite possible that young minds need a certain amount of this \u201clocal study\u201d with which they are familiar, before they can visualize the outline of our county, province, dominion and continent?So it seemed to be and that evening as I walked home from school the familiar phrase kept running through my mind\u2014\u201cFrom Small Beginnings.\u201d MAKING ARITHMETIC PRACTICAL AND INTERESTING By F.H.Spinney, Principal Alexandra School, Montreal.FOURTH GRADE\u2014Long Division I have been asked to give suggestions on Long Division.My first suggestion is: Do not make it too long.1 have seen assignments in Long Division that had no higher purpose than to kzll time.The divisor should not contain more than three digits, except in assignments to the brightest pupils.The first lesson is based on Short Division.The teacher assigns three easy examples: .1.5675 + 3 2.9784 \u2014 4 3.3726 + 6 When the pupils have found the answers by Short Division, the teacher illustrates at the board (with the co-operation of the class) that Long Division differs very little from Short Division: 1135 5)5675 5 ua | mue are mionantecioirn ut a EDUCATIONAL RECORD The teacher divides the class into three groups, ranging from the backward pupils in Group I.to the brightest pupils in Group III.The work at the board is erased, and the pupils of Group I.are sent to the board to do the same example by Long Division.Group II.will then work the second example, and Group III.the third.Group I.will then try: 7680 = 10.Group II.will try: 67890 \u2014 10.Group III.will try: 4873 + 11.The teacher\u2019s first aim is to make the pupils thoroughly familiar with the process.That aim is best accomplished by assigning easy examples.The pupils of Group III.will master the process very readily.They may then advance to more difficult examples, using as divisors,\u201413,14,15, etc.while the pupils of Group I.may continue with the use of 10,11 and 12.Before using 13, 14, 15, ete.as divisors, it will be helpful to have daily drill in the rapid writing of the multiples of those numbers: 1.13 14 15 26 28 30 39 42 45 52 06 60 .65 70 75 6.78 84 90 ete.In this rapid work, the teacher will fix a maximum time limit.The brightest pupils may write 10 multiples while the others are writing 8, 7, or 6.The more rapidly the pupils can write the multiples the more they enjoy the exercise.When a pupil has mastered the multiples of 13, he will readily observe, in dividing 7058 by 13, that the first figure in the quotient will be 5.He will also readily determine the other figures.He will not waste time trying figures that are too large or too small.I cannot lay too much emphasis on the necessity of a thorough drill on process with \u2018easy examples.For seat work the teacher may assign easy examples in Multiplication: then ask the pupils to divide the product by the smaller factor.The pupils multiply 532 by 13.The product is 6916.The pupils of Group I.are then sent to the board to divide 6916 by 13.\u201cWhat will the quotient be ?\u201d\u2019 the teacher asks the entire class before the pupils do the division.When the writer asked that question, only one pupil was bright enough to observe that the quotient would be 532.The next assignment is: 325 x 14.The product is 4550.The pupils of Group II.are sent to the board to divide 4550 by 14.\u201cWhat will the quotient be ?\u201d\u2019 asks the teacher.All the pupils will now be able to answer that question.As they know the quotient in advance, their entire attention will be concentrated on the process.The resourceful teacher will think of other methods of making the lessons attractive.Drill is likely to become monotonous unless the teacher plans the greatest possible variety of method. MAKING ARITHMETIC PRACTICAL AND INTERESTING 147 Strive for accuracy first.Then strive for the greatest possible rapidity.Children enjoy speed\u2014even in Long Division.The writer has observed that pupils enjoy estimating the quotient at siGuT.The teacher sends the pupils of Group I.to the hoard, and assigns the following: 240 \u2014 12.The pupils work the example mentally, and write the answer thus: 240 + 12 = 20.The teacher then assigns: .384 + 12.If the pupils write the answer readily, a more difficult example is assigned.Pupils who fail to write the correct answer promptly take their seats.The pupils of Group II.then go to the board, and the teacher assigns: 224 + 14.The difficulty is gradually increased until all the pupils of Group II.have taken their seats.The same method is used with Group III.Five minutes daily may well be devoted to this exercise.The teacher might find it more convenient to send only one group to the board each day, taking the lessons only on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.Call it \u201cInspection Divi- ston\u2019.The understanding is that in \u201cInspection Division\u2019 there is no remainder.The pupils may learn to observe that if the divisor ends in 3 and the dividend ends in 1, the quotient must end in 7.When the pupils have advanced to the use of divisors greater than 20, they will readily learn the multiples of such numbers as: \u201421, 25, 31, etc.: 1.21 25 31 2 42 50 62 3.63 75 93 4.84 100 124 5 105 125 155 6 126 150 186 Cultivate the habit of multiplying the divisor by the figure in the quotient mentally before writing the product.For example, in the following: 25)16025 The pupils estimate that 6 is the first figure in the quotient.They multiply 25 by 6 mentally, obtaining a product of 150, which subtracted from 160 leaves a remainder of 10.They are thus assured that 6 is the correct figure.They then write 150 under 160 and subtract.You will be surprised what a large part of the work may be done mentally after lwely practice.Have, at least, 90% of all the work done at the board.* The more work that is done at the board the less \u201ccorrecting\u201d is involved and thus much of the drudgery associated with Long Division is avoided. 148 EDUCATIONAL RECORD Occasionally assign 10 examples in Long Division for seat work, with a maximum time limit.Tell the class that you wish to see how many can do them all correctly.When the time has expired, you do not \u201ccorrect\u201d the papers.You simply select the perfect papers and announce the names of the \u201cwinners\u201d.The writer was once in charge of a classroom containing over 60 pupils.in two grades.As \u2018\u201c\u2018correcting\u2019\u201d\u2019 work was an impossibility, he established the custom of announcing \u2018\u2018winners\u201d\u2019.That meant that he merely looked over all written work, rejecting the papers containing errors.He learned from this experiment that the pupils were so eager to be ranked as \u201cwinners\u201d that the results were better than under the previous method of \u201ccorrecting\u201d mistakes.The latter is an unattractive task for both teacher and pupils.In preparing for problems in Long Division, the teacher sends Group I.to the board and dictates examples to which the pupils write the answers as rapidly as possible, as each example is dictated: 12 in.= 1 ft.36 in.= ?72 in.= ?144 in.= ?480 in.= ?612 in.= ?After the pupils have written the answers to ten examples, the difficulty is rapidly increased, and pupils failing to write answers promptly take their seats.Group II.will try the following: 24 hours = 1 day 240 \u201c = ?2400 \u201c = ?360\u201c = ?3600 \u201c = ?3600 \u201c = ?2952 « = ?The pupils will be allowed to work the last example with chalk.Although a very bright pupil may do it mentally Group III.may try: 25 cents will buy 1 book.$1.00 will buy ?$5.00 \u201c =?$25.00 « \u201c ?$625.25 \u201c \u201c2?It will be noted that such problems advance gradually from sicHT work to WRITTEN Work.\u2018 Interesting problems may be expressed in this form: 25 yds.cotton at ?= $3.75 ?yds.linen at .35 = $7.00 10 yds.silk at ?= ? DU On on DO A rer AEE L GO LCL sip niin MAKING ARITHMETIC PRACTICAL AND INTERESTING 149 Here the child has a clear picture of all the parts of the problem.Of course, a problem of this nature assumes previous experience in writing \u201cbills\u201d and finding the total.Fourth Year pupils do not \u201creason\u201d.The writer recently assigned the following problem: É A man had $6500.He spent $675.on Mon., $1255 on Tue., $975.on : Wed.and the remainder on Thursday.How much did he spend in all?Not a single pupil in a class of 40 observed that the man spent $6500.One group added all the numbers.A second group added what the man spent on the three days.Others found what he spent on Thursday and called that the answer.It is thus plain that teachers waste time in writing \u201cproblems\u201d on the board Such time would be more profitably spent in MENTAL and sIGHT problems.The child must picture the problem.Recently in a Seventh Grade à pupil found that 12 bricks 6 in.by 3 in.would cover a walk 24 ft.long and 3 ft.wide.That pupil did not picture the problem.Write these on the board for sight work: 1.3 doz eggs at 40cts.will buy ?lbs.tea at 60cts.2.2 lbs.butter at 40 cts.and 3 doz.eggs at 50 cts.will buy ?lbs.raisins at 23cts.3.Tom\u2019s money, $12.is equal to Sam\u2019s money, $7.and John\u2019s money ( ?) 4.3 times Tom\u2019s money + $16.= $40.Tom has?5.I traded 50 lbs.sugar at 7 cents for 14 Ibs.raisins at ?cents.6.A man\u2019s house $3000.and his barn ?cost $5C00 in all.fi 7.Harry with $6.50, Tom with $7.50 and John with ?add their money : making $20.; When the pupils have given the answers, the teacher may change the num- E bers, thus offering new problems.; Another interesting exercise is to give an abbreviated problem and ask the pupils to make up a \u2018\u2018story\u201d\u2019; 2 doz.eggs at 40cts.= 10 lbs.sugar at ?cents.A little girl with a vivid imagination said: \u201cI traded 2 doz.eggs at 40 cts.for 10 lbs.of sugar at 8 cents.\u201d Another pupil said: \u201cIf 2 doz.eggs at 40cts.will buy 10 Ibs.of sugar, what is the sugar a Ib ?\u201d The resourceful teacher will think of many other variations to add interest to such problems. 150 EDUCATIONAL RECORD A SUMMARY OF JUNIOR RED CROSS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1928-1929 During the past school year, Junior Red Cross has more than fulfilled the promise of its beginning six years ago.Not only in membership which has increased from 17,610 in 1927-28 to 29,204 in 1928-29, but in the extension of its programme and in the raising of standards in all phases of its activities, it has made remarkable progress.It is no exaggeration to say that our members realize that wearing the badge means the assumption of responsibility for the health of the individual personally and also, a realization of individual responsbiility towards the health of others.Annual Reports tell of improvement in all details of personal cleanliness, particularly care of the hands; better posture, regular hours of sleep with windows open; improved sanitation, care in the spread of contagion; better diets, steady exercise, ete.This health consciousness can also be seen in the school improvements listed in these reports which include not only the purchase of water-coolers, first aid kits, hot lunch equipment, soap, towels, basins, and even in two cases of the installation of water-tanks, all, of course, at the Juniors own expense, but tell a story of scrubbing, painting, the making of screens, wash-benches, shelves for equipment, ete.Books have been added to school libraries, two schools buying the Book of Know ledge; one school bought a piano and several bought organs while the purchase of maps, blinds, flowers, garden equipment, ete., is of common oceur- rence.Teachers are not alone in their commendation of this practical application of health knowledge, but Inspectors, School Nurses and School Boards often refer to the radical changes achieved through the enthusiasm of our Juniors.Just to illustrate how \u201cwhen there\u2019s a will, there's a way\u2019.The Northern Lights Juniors far away in Mutton Bay, the Canadian Labrador, not only ran competitions In the keeping of our Health Rules, took a Course in First Aid and another in Cooking, sent donations of all sorts of handcraft to a nearby Medical Mission, but even saved enough money to buy twenty desks for their school.The teacher of an Indian School tells of how her Juniors oiled stagnant pools for miles around their village of St.Regis in order to kill flies bearing contagion, and a Montreal report tells of improved personal cleanliness, better posture, tidier class-room, gifts of fruit and milk to the undernourished by the strong, and a happier co-opera- tion between the teacher and her pupils.The Juniors\u2019 Motto \u201cI Serve\u201d has not been confined to better personal and community hygiene, however, but has been practised according to various needs.Wood has been chopped and water drawn for the old and the ill.Babies have been tended for busy mothers.Shut-Ins have been visited and cheered.During 1928, 111 children have been brought, many of them many weary miles, to hospital for treatment varying from enlarged tonsils to crooked and twisted limbs.One such case was a boy carried into the Hospital two years ago, who, last March walked out and is now playing games and leading a normal life.The Junior Red Cross Ward in the Julius Richardson Convalescent Hospital is A SUMMARY OF JUNIOR RED CROSS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1928-29 151 continually filled, while the Junior Red Cross Marquee sent to Ste.Agathe was the means of enabling eight tuberculous boys to return to school this September.Special mention must be made of the Juniors of the High School of Asbestos who, in commemoration of their advance from Intermediate standing, entirely equipped a Health Clinic in the University Settlement, Montreal, where hundreds of children will receive periodic examinations and the treatment which will keep them in normal health.The cost of medical supplies and general upkeep will be met by the Quebec Juniors as a whole.Juniors too have shared in welcoming new citizens to our country through the work of the Canadian Red Cross at the Seaport Nursery in Quebec, while other gifts and letters have helped many little patients to forget that they are in hospital.International Correspondence among the 42 Nations linked in this great World movement of over 11,000,000 boys and girls is being more generally recognised by the Quebec teachers as a means of brightening many subjects on the curruclum, and portfolios composed of the best samples of school work have been sent to 17 different countries, similar collections, breathing the very spirit of \u201cOther Lands\u201d being received in exchange.The usual supply of Health Posters, individual Health Cards, monthly magazines and Newsletters and other material have been sent free of charge to each Group as a gift of the Canadian Red Cross Society, while Health Poster Competitions are now a recognized part of our programme.This story of progress is not confined to Quebec alone.Reports for 1928-29 show that there are now 197,039 members in Canada; that individual and community health standards are being raised by these boys and girls; that the truly amazing sum of $45,391.42 was raised by them to bring health and happiness to 823 handicapped children in 1928 and that since 1919, 6,399 such cases and approximately 15,000 dental cases owe their return to health to the wearers of the Red Cross on the Maple Leaf.Speaking for the Quebec teachers who are Directors of Junior Red Cross Groups, I can say without hesitation from my experience of their wonderful and whole-hearted co-operation, that they feel it a privilege to belong to an organisation which our Provincial Secretary, the Hon.Athanase David describes \u2018\u2018as not only preparing our young men to become citizens, but to become good, honest and straight forward citizens of Canada.\u201d RUTH B.SHAW, Supervisor, Quebec Junior Red Cross, 45 Belmont Park, Montreal, P.Q.ous rue as EDUCATIONAL RECORD FLAG WINNERS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1928-1929 I have already told you how delighted I am with the Annual Reports and the wonderful story of \u2018\u2018doing\u201d that they have to tell.Following you will find the names of the Groups who have won the Red Cross Flag for their district of the Province.You remember that this Flag is awarded to the Group which has best practised our Junior Red Cross programme.Up to this time this award has been based on the work of the whole school.This year, a change has been made.You have probably realized that there are now many Juniors in the City of Montreal.This does not mean that entire schools are organized.There are several schools in which our Sign hangs in \u2018every class-rooms, but in others, certain grades only are organized.We have, therefore, in fairness to these groups awarded the Flag to the Group.Not the School, which has lived the best programme.This system will be universal next year, and in one or two cases has been applied this year to groups outside Montreal.I was sorry that all groups did not send in their Reports.Of course, only those who did could comrete for this honour, and there were several groups, who, owing to this neglect, lost the Flag, which they had won by a speldid year\u2019s work.It was just as difficult as ever to choose the winners.I am sure you are wondering how I did.This is what I looked for:\u2014 1.Did these Juniors play the Health Game to the best of their ability ?2.Did they apply their health knowledge to their surroundings, 3.Did they remember that Juniors are always ready to serve, not only in school or through this Office, but wherever boys and girls could lend a helping hand ?.Did they share in our service programme ?.Did they try to interest their community in what it means to be a Junior ?.Did they look upon the sale of the Magazine as a service to the Canadian Red Cross Society ?.Did they keep careful records and hold regular meetings ?.Did they make a Portfolio to send to Juniors in other Lands?I am sure you will all join with me on congratulating the following: \u2014 A.\u2014COUNTIES OF BONAVENTURE\u2014GASPE\u2014MATAPEDIA\u2014MATANE Flag Winners.Gaspe Bay North Jrs Schol No.2, Peninsula tied.The Happy Few, Sayabec.2nd place The Willing Helpers, Intermediate Schl.Gaspe.B.\u2014COUNTIES OF SAGUENAY\u2014QUEBEC\u2014LEVIS\u2014MONTMORENCY \u2014CAN.LABRADOR Flag Winner.Cheerful Helpers, Elem.Schl.Cabano.2nd place Northern Lights Jrs., Mutton Bay, Can.Labrador) tied St.Lawrence Heights Jrs.Levis.J 3rd place Good Health Jrs., St.Anne Paper Co.Schl.Beaupré. FLAG WINNERS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR, 1928-1929 158 C.\u2014COUNTIES OF ARGENTEUIL\u2014TERREBONNE\u2014CHAMPLAIN | Flag Winners.Fort Rose Juniors, Inter.Schl.New Glasgow nd Wide Awake Jrs., Inter.Schl, New Glasgow tied Grades 1-7, Intermediate Schl., Brownsburg 2nd place.Moonbeam Jrs.Calumet.D.\u2014COUNTIES OF STANSTEAD\u2014SHERBROOKE\u2014COMPTON Flag Winners.Grades 1-7, Central School, Sherbrooke.) tied Maple Leaf Juniors, Gr.7, Cambridge School, + Sherbrooke.2nd place.Sunny Seven, Elem.Schl., Massawippi.East Ward Jrs.East Ward Schl, Sherbrooke.tied Grades 1-11, High Schl, North Hatley.Grades 1-11, High Schl.Ayer\u2019s Cliff.Ascot Helpers, Ascot Cons.Schl.Lennoxville.3rd place.Happy Helpers, Elem.Schl.Tomifobia.Grades 1-7 High School, Coaticook.Grades 1-11, High Schl, Scotstown.E.\u2014 COUNTIES OF SHEFFORD\u2014RICHMOND\u2014DRUMMOND\u2014WOLFE | MEGANTIC Flag Winner.Victory Juniors, Inter.School, South Durham.Brownleigh Jrs., Leet Schl., Danville.Clampet Jrs., Clampet Schl., Lisgar.ond place.Joyful Playmates, Lester Schl, South Durham.) Bluebirds Jrs., Ames Schl No.14, Melbourne.tied Willing Helpers, Spooner Pond Schl, Richmond.Blue Ribbon Jrs, Schl.No.2, Ulverton.3rd place.Sir Galahad Jrs., Boast Schl No.5, Richmond.tied F.\u2014COUNTIES OF BROME\u2014IBERVILLE\u2014MISSISQUOI\u2014MONTCA LM Flag Winner.Ever Ready Juniors Brigham.| ond place.Edith Cavell Jrs.Stanbridge Fast Inter.School.Busy Bodies Jrs.Inter.Schl., Clarenceville.tied Grades 1-10, Inter.School Farhnam.3rd place.Brome Juniors, Elem.School, Brome.ties Hillerest Juniors, Sweetsburg.G.\u2014COUNTIES OF RICHELIEU\u2014ROUVILLE\u2014LAPRAIRIE\u2014CHAM- BLY\u2014ST.HYACINTHE\u2014VERCHERES Flag Winner.Yamaska Hustlers, Elem.Schl., Abbotsford.2nd place.Rainbow Juniors, Elem.Schl.Sorel.3rd place.Mackayville Jrs.Elem.Schl., Mackayville. 154 EDUCATIONAL RECORD H.\u2014COUNTIES OF HUNTINGDON\u2014CHATEAUGUAY\u2014BEAUHARNOIS Flag Winners.Wa-Wa Ka-Tas-Kat Jrs.Indian Schl., St.Regi) tied Loyalists and Invincibles Jrs.Inter.Schl., Athelstan.) 2nd place Go- Ahead Jrs.Inter.Schl., Howick.Follow the Star Jrs.Gore Schl., Huntingdon.) tied 3rd place.Grades 1-10, Inter.Schl., Hemmingford.Maple Leaf Jrs., Grades 1-2 High Schl.Hun- tingdon.tied [.\u2014COUNTIES OF HULL\u2014WRIGHT\u2014PAPINEAU\u2014PONTIAC\u2014RU- PERT Flag Winner.Cushing Juniors, Cushing Schl., Grenville.Young Canada Jrs., Schl.No.2, Chelsea.Osisko Jrs., Inter.Schl.Rouyn.tied Busy Squirrels Jrs., Masham Schl No.3, Rupert.Papineau Jrs., Schl.No.1, Papineauville.tied J.\u2014COUNTIES OF JACQUES CARTIER \u2014 VAUDREUIL Flag Winners.Grade 4, High Schl., St.Laurent.Grade 2, Cedar Park Schl., Pointe Claire 2nd place 3rd place K.\u2014CITY OF MONTREAL Flag Winners.Sir Arthur Currie Jrs.Grade 6-2, Riverside S.Royal Knights Jrs., Gr.6-2, Wm.Dawson Schl.tied 2nd place Little Workers, Gr.5-2, Maisonneuve Schol.Queen Mary Jrs.Gr.5-2, Riverside Schl.tied 3rd place Busy Bees, Gr.4-2, Hamilson Schl.L.\u2014NON-SCHOOL GROUPS Flag Winner.Florence Nightingale Jrs., Temiskaming.Rainbow Jrs., Montreal South.THE JAMES PANGMAN TROPHY As none of these groups have held the Flag for three consecutive years, the James Pangman Trophy cannot be awarded.There are, however, several Groups listed above, who, I am sure, will do their best this year to be worthy of this great honour. REPORT OF THE LABRADOR MISSION WORK AT BRADORE BAY 155 WE WISH TO THANK THE FOLLOWING GROUPS FOR DONATIONS OF GIFTS AND MONEY?SENT IN FROM MAY 20th, 1929 TO AUGUST 1st, 1929 Dona- C.C.F.Dona- C.C.F tions tions Abbotsford, Yamska Hustrs.\u201c 519.00 Cabano Cheerful Jrs.6 20.50 Ahuntsic, Grade 5.és 1.75 Calumet Moonbeams.\u201c 1.35 Asbestos High Sehl.6 25.00 Cap Aux Osdrs.\u20186 3.00 Athelstan, Loyalists.\u201c 1.50 Cascades Happy Helpers.és 1.57 Athelstan, Invincibles.\u201c 2.40 Chance Cove Pioneer Jrs.\u201c 1.01 Athelstan, Ever Ready Jrs.\u2026.\u201c\u201c .40 Charteris Busy Brook Jrs.\u201c .60 Aubrey, Happy Band Jrs.8 4.75 Chelsea St.Stephens Jrs.\u201c 2.60 Ayer\u2019s Cliff Joyful Jrs.* 10.05 Chelsea Young Canada Jrs.\u201c 1.00 Ayer\u2019s Cliff Cliff Climbers.* 3.80 Clarenceville Busy Bodies.\u201c\u2018 .80 Aylmer East Schl No.3.\u201c 8.00 Coaticook High Schl.1-11.* 1.50 Aylmer Schl No.6.© .25 Coaticook High Schl.Gr.3-4.\u201c Aylmer High Schl Gr.1-2.\u201c\u2018 1.60 Coaticook High Schl.Gr.5-6.\u201c 3.56 Barachois Beavers.¢ 1.60 Coaticook High Schl Gr.7-8.\u201c 2.75 Barnston Twink, Stars.65 2.62 Compton Two Pines Jrs.\u201c 4.22 Barrington Happy Jrs.\u20185 1.00 Compton Ives Hill Jrs.\u201c .45 Beauharnois Bee Hive Jrs.© 6.47 Cookshire Woody Park Jrs.\u201c\u201c 2.35 Beaupre Good Health Jrs.\u201c 2.00 Cookshire High Sehl.1-4.2.30 Birchton Busy Bees.* 1.25 Cookshire High Schl.5-6.\u20186 2.68 Brome Corner Jrs.¢ 2.50 Cookshire High Schl.7-8.\u2018 4.30 Brownsburg Pr.Fawn Jrs.és 3.63 Cookshire Happy Workers.\u201c .50 Brownsburg Inter.Sehl.1-2.\u201c\u2018 6.45 Cowansville High Schl.12.\u201c 2.30 Brownsburg Inter.Sehl.Gr.7.\u201c 6.26 Danville Lend a Hand Jrs.\u201c .60 Bryson dJrs.66 .70 Danville Brownleigh Jrs.¢ 1.60 Brysonville Jes.6 1.61 Danville High Sechl.Gr.5-7.\u201c Buckingham High Sehl.Gr.4.© 52.80 Bury High Schl.Gr.7-8.6 Ruth B.Shaw.REPORT OF THE LABRADOR MISSION WORK AT BRADORE BAY (By one of the volunteer teachers) In Wednesday, June 27th, 1928, I sailed from Quebec on board the S.S.North Shore, and on the following Wednesday, July 4th, I arrived at Bradore Bay.Bradore Bay is a small community consisting of six families and a number of Newfoundland fishermen that are resident there only for the summer.I boarded at the home of Mr.George Hobbs, and I might say that I received a very cordial welcome and they did everything within their means for my comfort and happiness.As the school was not ready I had to wait till Friday before starting school.The school was a very dilapidated old building, the room that was to be my schoolroom was twelve feet square and six feet high.I taught thirty-eight (38) days here, which was every school day and two Saturdays extra.I had ten pupils on the roll and had an average of over eight for the summer.The children\u2019s ages varied from six to sixteen years of age.Two of the older ones were needed at home a great deal so that they were handicapped in the school work.Owing to the fact that there has been but one 156 EDUCATIONAL RECORD teacher in the place before, and that teacher spent one year there in 1908, I had to begin each child at almost Kindergarten work.The two older ones could read very simple sentences and copy words written down for them, but had no idea of how words are spelled.I had no equipment of any kind except some pencils, (minus erasers) and one dozen scribblers.Two weeks later I received a three by four foot blackboard.The arrival of this, I might say, meant a great improvement tn our school routine.School books arrived, but owing to the nature of the work, they were of little use until later.I found the children very bright and interesting to teach.I gave them some phonics, number ideas, reading from the blackboard and writing to start with and before I left they could all write very nicely, knew the addition facts up to ten, read fairly difficult sentences from the board, and could do very good work in word-building.Some of the more clever ones went about half way through the Grade I.book, could add three column addition questions, and do good work in subtraction.I took one hour in telling stories and describing the life and customs of inland Canada and also something of the foreign countries.These I illustrated on the board.In all the work I tried to improve their moral lives and manners.1 told them some Bible stories and told them the significance of such days as Christmas, Easter, Good Friday, etc.I might add that they knew nothing of such things as roads, gardening, or anything of our daily life.As an illustration, I was asked what kind of tree cheese grew on! Christmas, I was told, was a day that everybody drank whiskey, and the older people were very much surprised when I told them that the country was divided up into concessions and that there were roads running in a regular way and not meandering about as their trails were.While this may read as if I, as it were, might be stretching the point and looking down on the people there, I wish to say that what I have written is absolutely true of the community where my work was.I do not want to say that it is my impression of the Coast in general, but I do say that such conditions ex isted where I was stationed.Now, I have mentioned these things, not to degrade the people in any way, but to show what work there is to do there and the difficulties one meets in trying to teach them.Eight of the ten children had never had a pencil in their hand before.They had never been taught anything along educational lines, so that my alm was to create a foundation upon which some other teacher could work This I feel that I have done.In all my teaching career I do not think that I have taught children who were any cleverer than my pupils there.I have left a detailed account of all the work covered with Mr.Hobbs, also the care of a library of some forty simple stories.The Sunday School of St.Luke\u2019s Church, Ottawa, has taken up the work of sending helpful literature to the people at Bradore Bay, and I am corresponding with Mr.Hobbs who is taking care of the books there.While there will be no teacher this winter, the classes will go on in reading, writing, arithmetic and spelling.I have the work fairlywell mapped out for the winter, and should a teacher go there next year, I hope that he may find a great improvement along these lines. BOOK NOTICES 157 During the week I made a point of giving two or three lectures to the people on any subject that they wished to have discussed.Several of the older ones took private lesson from me at nights.I found that they were very anxious to learn, especially arithmetic.Each Sunday I held a service in the school in the morning and in one of the houses in the evening.After the evening service I usually gathered as many as possible around and we discussed subjects pertaining to the Bible and Church.The Rev.G.Harrington asked me to buy a building that might be used as 4 a school.I am sorry to report that there were no buildings there that were E worth spending money on, as it would take more to fit them up as a school than E to buy a new one.The money for books and supplies is with Rev.G.Harrington.I left Bradore Bay on July 27th, and arrived in Quebec on September 2nd.I had a very enjoyable and interesting summer and have many friends at Bradore Bay.It is my hope that the work may be carried on without any delay.May I take this opportunity to thank those who were instrumental in sending me to the Coast, I value the experience very highly, the field is very promising, may the work be carried on! BOOK H.C.VAUGHAN NOTICES BriTIsH History \u2014ÀA Survey of the History of All The British Peoples.By Ramsay Muir.816 pages.Price 7s 6d.London: George Philip & Son, Ltd., Toronto: E.N.Moyer Company, 106-108 York St.The purpose of this excellent text book is expressed by the author in the preface: \u201cThis book is not a history of England, or of Great Britain, but of the British peoples and their achievements in the world.That is why I have called it simply \u2018British History\u201d.Naturally England is in the foreground throughout.But I have tried to weave together into a single consecutive narrative, the stories of Scotland, Ireland, the Dominions, India and the Colonies\u2014and also, up to a certain point, the history of America, not thrusting these themes into disconnected appendix chapters, as if they had little to do with the main story, but trying to bring out the way in which they have influenced and been influenced by the central current of events.\u201d The book is also published in four parts for the convenience of schools where special periods are dealt with.The periods are as follows: The Peoples of the Islands (to 1485); Empire and Liberty (1485-1714); À Century of Conflict (1688-1815); From Waterloo to Geneva (1815-1929).The Case for Nursery Schools.Report of a Committee, of which R.F.Cholmeley, C.B.E., M.A.was the chairman.154 pages.Price 4s.net.London: George Philip & Son, Ltd.Toronto: E.N.Moyer Co.Deals with the problem of the Pre- School Child and the Nursery School with great thoroughness and interest. 158 Philips\u2019 \u201cStudy-Work\u201d English.By E.K.Molloy.Book I.80 pages.Price Is.London: George Philip & Son, Ltd., Toronto: E.N.Moyer Co.Practical Exercises in Junior History.By S.H.MeGrady, M.A., and W.T.Williams, M.A.Part I.English History Earliest Times to 1485.Price 10d.London: George Philip & Son, Ltd.Toronto: E.N.Moyer Co.Foundation Exercises in Geography.By E.G.R.Taylor, B.Sc., F.R.G.S.Part VI\u2014The World.32 pages.Price 6d.London: George Philip & Son, Ltd.Toronto: E.N.Moyer Co.Red Flower of Life: Poems.By Minnie Hallowell Bowen.Little Grey Book No.2.Sherbrooke, Que.Mrs.Bowen\u2019s poetical work is always of a high character, both in form and thought.\u201cThe Garden\u201d, \u201cThe Dreamers\u201d and the \u201cRed Flower of Life\u201d in the present collection are particularly admirable.Quance Spelling Scale.Prepared by Frank M.Quance, Ph.D., Dean, College of Education, University of Saskatchewan.24 pages.Toronto: W.J.Gage & Co., Limited.The author corresponded with a number of schools in different parts of Canada with the view of obtaining a selection of 1500 words which \u201cevery boy and girl, before leaving school, should be able to spell with one hundred per cent correctness, for, with their repetitions, these words make up approximately ninety-two per cent of the vocabulary of general writing.\u201d The words are arranged in groups of ten.A useful booklet.EDUCATIONAL RECORD French Revolution Portraits.Dent's Treasuries of French Literature.W.D.Monro.Toronto: J.M.Dent & Sons, Ltd.214 pages.The selections from French writers are chiefly from Michelet and Lamar- tine, with a few from Mignet and one from Thiers.Notes, a questionnaire and a glossary make the book helpful.Répétition.Modern French Exercises for Middle Forms.Book 2.By G.Kessen Buzza and M.M.Acock.32 pages.With vocabularies.Toronto: J.M.Dent & Sons, Ltd.This is one of the Dent\u2019s Modern Language Series, edited by Walter Ripman, M.A.The Book of the Rocks.By Donalda J.Dickie in the Dent\u2019s Canadian Geography Readers.158 pages.With drawings by M.J.Hilton and coloured plates.Price 75 cents.Toronto: J.M.Dent & Sons, Limited, 224 Bloor St.West.Miss Dickie has succeeded in making the story of the earth and its rocks very interesting for the younger readers.As a normal school professor, Miss Dickie developed the form of the narrative not only with the scientific assistance of Dr.Collins and Dr.Wilson of the Geological Survey, Ottawa, but also in the Practice School at Calgary.In the preface she states: \u201cTo acknowledge indebtedness to Miss Mary Johnstone and her class is, however, too little.Every idea, every sentence almost every word in the book was arranged in Grade III classroom of the Calgary Practice School.Every exercise in it has been worked out by the busy heads and hands of the children of that class.In a very PR TA , ER EN PR A PR RO IN PER TION ARTE EE THE WORLD MESSAGE OF THE CHILDREN OF WALES 159 real sense the book is their book.We hope other boys and girls will enjoy reading it as much as we enjoyed making it.\u201d About Coal and Oil.By Charles R.Gibson, LL.D.80 pages, illustrated.Price, 40 cents.London, Glasgow and Toronto: Blackie & Son, Limited.One of an excellent series of \u201cRambles in Science\u201d Interesting and instructive.The Chemistry Gate.A Text Book for Beginners.By A.Spencer White, B.Sc., L.C.P., F.C.S.with eight portraits.140 pages.Toronto; Blackie & Son (Canada) Limited.Useful for the teacher.Many simple experiments.Blackie\u2019s Handy Dictionary.416 pages.Price 30 cents.Toronto Blackie & Son, Limited.The 416 pages contain some 30,000 words.Mr.Wind and Madam Rain.From the French of Paul de Musset.127 pages, illustrated.Price 45 cents.Toronto: Blackie & Son, Limited.One of the \u201cStories Old and New\u201d published by this firm.Charles Dickens and Some Others.80 pages.Price 40 cents.Toronto: Blackie & Son, Limited.One of the \u2018Rambles in Biography\u201d series.Contains several portraits of Dickens and his homes, including Gad\u2019s Hill, also of Thackeray, Anthony Trollope and Carlyle.The biographical matter is well told by Miss Anna M.Pagan, the author of \u201cDr.Johnson and His Circle\u201d, etc.Macbeth: St.Martin\u2019s Shakespeare.Toronto: The Macmillan Company of Canada.Helpful introductions to the play as well as useful appendixes, including selections from Shakespear\u2019s \u2018\u2018source\u2019 for the play (Holinshed), reflect credit on the publishers and the four Canadian editors of this edition: Professors R.8.Knox, J.F.Macdonald and E.J.Pratt of Toronto University and Professor J.M.Lothian of Saskatchewan University.THE WORLD MESSAGE OF THE CHILDREN OF WALES We, boys and girls of Wales, from our mountains and valleys, our villages and towns, greet with a cheer the boys and girls of every country under the sun.Our hearts are thrilled by the wonderful response to our yearly message and we cherish the many new links of friendship which we have formed.Will you, millions of you, join with us to-day in thinking with gratitude of those men and women of every race and people who are working so hard to build a finer, better world ?Next year, in 1930, the league of nations will celebrate its tenth birthday.Let us determine, here and now, to help it, with all our power, to go forward with its great task of peace on earth and goodwill among men.PR SE EE O CERN NN RER SEEN ESS OR EE NR I EE I I IY) At the annual meeting of the Canadian Bar Association at Quebec in September Sir Robert Borden, K.C.and former Premier of the Dominion gave an inspiring address on Canadian history which will be of interest to teachers of that subject.The address read \u2014 - The brief and rather discursive remarks which I propose to offer are unduly honored by the designation of an \u201caddress.\u201d First, let me emphasize our deep regret for the unfortunate illness of our president.I have enjoyed the intimate friendship of Mr.Nesbitt during many years and I pay warm tribute to the earnestness with which, whether at the Bar or upon the Bench, - he has always striven to uphold the dignity and safeguard the honor of our profession.It is my strong hope and conviction that within a few months he will be restored to his normal health and strength.Many of the happiest years of my life were spent in the active practice of our profession, but for more than a quarter of a century I have followed other paths.Thus I do not propose to speak to you upon any subject directly connected with law.In that regard and in this presence, I am to receive and not to impart.One need not hesitate to emphasize the influence of this association in both a national and an international aspect.We have had, and I trust we shall continue to have, the advantage of listening to eminent jurists from Great Britain, from United States, from France, from sister nations of the British Commonwealth.And this immense privilege to us serves a worthy international purpose.But apart from EDUCATIONAL RECORD SIR ROBERT BORDEN ON CANADIAN HISTORY this the beneficient influence of the association in bringing together from the widely-separated communities of Canada men of our profession divergent In temperament, training and outlook can hardly be measured.From what I knew of Sir James Aikens this purpose was not the least important that he had at heart when he devoted so much of his ability, time and energy, not to speak of material considerations, to the founding of this association and to placing it on a permanent basis.It is unfortunate that in the other provinces there 1s not a fuller and more general acquaintance with the early history of Quebec, which is significant not only in its importance to our country but in its dramatic interest.Indeed the history of Canada as a whole does not occupy in the universities of the English-speaking provinces the place which I should think desirable.In the French universities of this province a larger place is given, but I do not know to what extent the study extends to the pioneer development of the other provinces.You have gathered from all parts of Canada in this ancient City.Beyond the seas Paris is known as \u201cLa Ville Lumière.\u201d Quebec might well be hailed as \u201cLa Ville Fondatrice.\u201d In speaking of incidents enshrined in her history and in accentuating their intimate relation to the Canada of today, I realize that they must be familiar to many of my auditors.My purpose is merely to recall and to emphasize.Recall the year 1635.The first Governor of Quebec lies on his deathbed in this city which he had founded twenty-seven years before.During his long and arduous career, Champlain had seen his little colony almost an- SIR ROBERT BORDEN ON CANADIAN HISTORY 161 nihilated by the winter of 1609, and possessed by the English from 1629 to 1632.Perhaps in the closing hours he thinks of his effort and of his career as a failure, and little realizes the strength of the foundation which he haslaid of the stately structure that is to arise thereon.For the design and achievement of Champlain had unexpected significance.The foundation of Quebec led to the occupation of the St.Lawrence Valley which, with Acadia, would otherwise have been colonized from New England and New York and swept into revolution or separation.Champlain began to hold it for the Canada of today.In this sense Canadians owe to him their heritage although, in the infinite complexity of future forces and tendencies, then altogether undiscernible his paramount purpose of creating for France a Western Empire was wholly overborne in the final event.Across the ocean in the same year, 1635, a great Englishman, speaks to his fellow parishioners in the church of Kimble Magna near Oxford.He bids them consider whether they shall obey the King\u2019s decree for the payment of \u2018ship money.\u201d A facsimile of the record of that meeting hangs on a pillar in the parish church.It records unanimous denial of the King\u2019s right and refusal to obey the King\u2019s decree; even the officials, the constables and assessors, join in the refusal inspired by John Hampden\u2019s courage and patriotism.The question then raised was finally settled when the supremacy of the people through their representatives in Parliament was for ever affirmed.Upon that determination rest our liberties.Shall not Canadians look back with thankful memory to John Hampden, pioneer of our freedom, and with grateful recognition to Samuel Champlain, pioneer and founder of our heritage ?Twenty-four years after Champlain\u2019s death, another great figure appears upon this scene.Mgr.de Laval consecrated Bishop of Petraea in partibus in the previous December is of the Montmorency blood.The imperious spirit of his race asserts itself in the face of every difficulty.It maintains his insistence that brandy shall not be used in traffic with the Indians; his stern opposition to the great Intendant Talon; his masterful control of the clergy; his determined stand against the Governors, d\u2019Avaugour, De Mezy and Frontenac.During this period ecclesiastical authority is dominant not only in New France but in New England.In each country the authorities of the Church set their faces like flint against the use of brandy or rum in the fur trade.But even in that day authority is confronted with the resourcefulness of the bootlegger.The traders press Bishop Laval with arguments that are subtle if not convincing.Will not the Indians, whose salvation is so much desired, seek New England rum if deprived of French brandy and fall under the influence of heretical puritans and thus into eternal perdition ?The stern Bishop remains unmoved.In 1666 the town is full of Iroquois delegates and there is much talk of peace.The Sieur de Tracy, who brought over the Carignan-Salieres regiment last year entertains two Iroquois chiefs.During the repast the slaying of a young Frenchman, Chazy, is mentioned.One of the Mohawk chiefs extending a brawny arm boasts, \u201cThis is the hand that clove his head.\u201d \u201cIt will never cleave another,\u201d cries de Tracy.He calls in his guards and the Mohawk chief is led out and hanged in the presence of his associates.If you 162 mention this incident to M.Pierre- Georges Roy, archiviste of Quebec, he may produce for you the inventory of Chasy\u2019s estate.The notarial system at Quebec furnishes abundant material for history of the social and industrial progress of the colony.There is, of course, a wealth of official documents in the preceedings of the Sovereign Council and in the reports and correspondence of the Governors, the Bishops and the Intendants.In no other province is there so remarkable an abundance of material for its early history.Frontenac\u2019s Foresight Upon the stage comes another commanding figure, none more distinguished in New France, Louis de Buade, Comte de Frontenac.Twice Governor of New France, 1672-1682 and 1689-1698, he brings to its development far greater foresight than is appdrent in the governors of the English colonies.If his policy of acquiring Lake Champlain and the Hudson River region had prevailed and if France had carried it out, what would have been the outcome of the struggle for Canada ?He has his vanities, the Assembly of the Three Estates, a State Barge for his journeyings to Montreal.One earns reprimand, the other denial.But see him stern, stately and proud on yonder rampart promising to the envoy of Sir William Phipps an answer from the cannon\u2019s mouth; a promise made good.In 1757 there is a great gathering of Indian tribesmen at Montreal to whom another illustrious Frenchman speaks.He comes of a warrior race; \u201cLa guerre est le tombeau des Montcalm.\u201d His notable successes against the British have made a powerful impression upon the Indian imagination.To them Montcalm is the supreme war chief, RPA EDUCATIONAL RECORD who has swept the British from his path, and in whose eyes they see \u2018\u2018the strength of the oak and the swoop of the eagle.\u201d The scene changes to Quebec two years later.If Montcalm had been in supreme command, unhampered by the incompetence of the younger Vaudreuil, Wolfe might not have found his opportunity.Quebec would eventually have fallen, but there would have been a different story.Montcalm lies buried in a corner of the chapel of the great Convent of the Ursulines.His grave was an excavation made by an English shell.For three years after the capitulation of Quebec, the Canadians of that district were governed by General James Murray under what has been termed \u201cLe Régime Militaire.\u201d In the Convent of the Ursulines (founded in 1639) where his memory is still honored, may be seen the table at which his official work was performed.In another apartment the fortunate visitor may see a collection of cannon balls, preserved as souvenirs of the attentions of the British during the siege.Here is the room which the nuns made ready for British wounded.Yonder is an apartment where British soldiers were quartered and beyond which they were not to venture into the convent under pain of death.One of them through inadvertence disobeys the order and approaches some nuns \u201cwho are ringing a bell.He is sentenced to be shot.Will His Excellency the Governor grant the intercession of Mere de L\u2019Enfant Jesus, the Mother Superior of the Convent, who demands \u2018\u2018grace\u201d of this soldier?Fifty-five years earlier a Jesuit missionary found an English child, Esther Wheelwright, in an Indian village.She was then five years of age and had been captured in 1703 by Indians in a DORE FR EC RE PR RSS A SIR ROBERT BORDEN ON CANADIAN HISTORY 163 raid upon a New England village during the War of the Spanish Succession.With some difficulty she is rescued from the Indians, and being a very bright and attractive child, she is practically adopted by the Marquis and Marquise de Vaudreuil.In 1708 she is placed in the Ursuline convent with their daughter.Greatly attached to the sisters, she enters the novitiate under the name in religion of Sceur de L\u2019Enfant Jesus.In 1760 she is mother superior and at her intercession Murray pardons the condemned soldier.The story of the Deerfield massacres in 1704 is familiar.In the dead of night the sleeping inhabitants of a New England hamlet are awakened by the storm of death.The fury of fifty Canadians and two hundred Indians is upon them.Many are slain and scalped on the spot.The neighboring hamlets sent support, and there is a series of encounters.The attacking party turn north with more than a hundred captives of whom many perish before Quebec is reached.Among the survivors is a very young child, Martha French, who grows to womanhood in Quebec and marries Jean Louis Menard.Nearly a century afterwards a Te Deum is sung at Montreal in celebration of a great national event.The tidings of Nelson\u2019s victory at the Nile have just reached Canada.It is a descendant of Martha French, the Abbe Plessis (afterwards Bishop of Quebec), who sings the Te Deum.At the Archbishop\u2019s Palace, L\u2019Eve- ché, the fortunate one may see the wonderful old silver and the vestments of the time of Mgr.Laval.Some of them bear the royal arms of France, indicating the influence of the French crown at that period.Louis XIV was sufficiently powerful to insist that these vestments should bear the arms of France to indicate his supremacy.Memories of St.Valier L\u2019Hopital General is crowded with memories of St.Valier, successor of Mgr.Laval.In passing through the wards one notices the extreme whiteness of the floors (as at the Convent of the Uusulines) and the great hewn beams which are fastened together by wooden spikes.Yonder are the rooms in which the nuns were incarcerated by Montgomery during the siege of Quebec lest they should convey information to the British.One of them assists a British prisoner to escape.The Americans rush at her and angrily accuse her of this.She pretends not to understand, communicates with them by signs, and indicates the direction which the prisoner had taken.Singularly enough it was in pricisely the opposite direction that he had really disappeared.But you would require special permission from the archbishop to see the room in which Count Frontenac is said to have paced angrily to and for after stormy interviews with stern ecclesiastics.There are scattered memories of a delightful visit to Quebec more than two years ago, a visit that led me to study with some care the early history of the ancient province; and to meditate not a little upon the many strange turns of events from which has emerged our national life.There have been, and doubtless there will be in the future, discords occasioned by divergence of race, creed, language, interest.But on the whole there has been an honorable and wholesome co-operation of the two races in the upbuilding of Canadian institutions and in the development of the heritage with which Providence has endowed the Canadian nation.The pioneer races are and they always will be distinctive, but in their origins they are much GUT oat noce Les LEG IS gta ttt: ERM. 164 nearer to each other tham either semes to imagine.It is desirable to emphasize their points of sympathy and contact rather than their divergences of temperament and outlook.In what I have termed.\u201cThe Bloodless Revolution\u201d of 1848, they Joined hands in beginning a political experiment out of which has grown the present organization of the British Commonwealth.It has attracted the keen attention of other nations and not frequently it has surpassed their EDUCATIONAL RECORD comprehension.In all that has ensued in that three-quarters of a century, and in all that may still ensue, you, as members of the Canadian Bar, must take an abiding interest.The pioneer history of each race in Canada is the common history of both.As leaders of public opinion you can do much to awaken a vivid realization of this truth and to arouse a deeper interest in the dramatic story of our national evolution.EYES AND NO EYES An Experiment in the Powers of Observation By Stuart L.Thompson (From Canadian Forest and Outdoors) To the reader this article may appear to have too much local color, but as the history of an experiment it could not be otherwise.To me, as to many others, the question has come: \u201cIs our bird population increasing?\u201d Our fathers tell us of clouds of wild pigeons which darkened the sky.Old gunners of the last generation talk of flocks of sand pipers whose compact masses showed a hole marking the discharge of shot, and of boat-loads of ducks after the hunt.These are game reports.The country was wilder then, gunners were fewer, and arms less effective.We have reason to believe that there was more game in those days.But what of our smaller birds\u2014 our so-called song birds ?As the woods of former days gave way to the fields of today, it does not follow that the bird population decreases.The woodland species merely shift their range to the millions of acres still woodland farther back, and the field-loving birds find breeding space become more abundant.There must have been a time when such birds as the bob-o-link, meadow lark, vesper and savanna Sparrows were almost unknown in densely forested Upper Canada.But all these species are aboundant today in the fields of agricultural Ontario.As we have so many more species of woodland birds than of field-loving birds, we naturally lose much of our bird life with the vanishing woods.With wild life conservation so much in evidence as it is today, with decided increase in the number of bird students of bird articles in newspapers and EYES AND NO EYES 165 magazines, one gets the impression that bird-life itself has greatly increased.But impressions are intangible things\u2014figures so much more definite and satisfactory, and herein lies the value of the \u201cbird census\u2019 or other organized efforts to determine how numerous (or rare) is any species at any given time.Compiled year after year, the results form the truest indication of the facts and figures of bird population.To the student who follows the study of bird life afield, season after season, there is only one answer to the question of increase of our bird life.Conditions may change for better or for worse, impressions may exist, figures may fluctuate, but for him, at least, bird life is increasing.His interest and enthusiasm see that it does increase.If there is one place on earth where wild life, especially birds, ought by all that is logical, decrease, it is near a great growing city; yet my own experience has been decidedly otherwise, as will be seen in the relating of the following \u2014 - On March 15th, years ago in Toronto two of us as boys started out on one of our Saturday rambles.We were keen to learn birds, and this day we were out to make a record.Our route lay through Rosedale Ravine where the road wound for a mile or so, flanked by high wooded hills, then opened up into the Don Valley.We followed this valley a couple of miles, then entered the smaller valley of Mud Creek and continued along the overgrown path that marked the right-of-way of the former belt line railway.After many curves, this led us out onto the fields to the north of the city.These we crossed and finally arrived home, tired, hungry and muddy, but very happy.In our boyish way we felt we had done something that day.Our long tramp had not been for nothing.We had noted seven species of birds! Never before had we made such a record.Some were common, that is we had seen several, of others we found but one or two individuals.That day marked an epoch in our bird studies.Now, as I look back on it in the light of all the more productive days that have filled the years since, there is something amusing about a long tramp, of many hours spent on a fine spring day, through splendid country, producing only seven species of birds, and all told not a great many individuals.One spring, years later, I resolved to travel the same ground (or as nearly as the growing city would permit) and see just how many more birds I could find than on that memorable day twenty- five years previous.It was characteristic of a later time in my life that owing to the pressure of business I found it impossible to try my experiment on exactly the same date.We cannot always enjoy the freedom of youth.Accordingly, it was March 20th \u2014 not 15th \u2014 when I set out.The weather was the worst possible for such a venture.It was a dull, cold day with a strong east wind and flying clouds of snow.At about the same time in the morning as before I entered Rosedale Ravine.Almost at once I heard and then saw several crows overhead.Then, as I peered through the bars of the nearby fence, I found a fine robin which was singing in a faraway voice the muffled song sometimes heard.Not far from him was a black squirrel.Such a sight would have been a marvel twenty-five years ago.practically no black squirrels about the Today they are city\u2019s outskirts then.There were 166 commonly seen on the streets.Here, too, I found a red squirrel nibbling on the frozen apples on a stray tree.And all this before I had gone fifty yards in the ravine! It was a very uninviting woodland that sloped down on both sides towards the central road.But, as I had long since learned that effort brings its reward, I spent some time scrambling about the snowy hillside.Before long I came upon a song sparrow in the low bushes.Here was a bird of whose presence I should never have learned from the road below, for he was quite silent.At length I came to the spot known as Castle Frank.Local history tells us that on the hill top here Governor Simcoe built a woodland residence in 1795, naming it after his son.I followed the ancient driveway up its winding ascent.It was old when we first walked 1t, now the trickling freshets of twenty-five more springs have worn its surface into tiny canyons, and the then slender trees are stouter and arch it over thickly now.When I reached the top of the hill I became exposed to the full force of the eastern gale as it swept across the valley and up the almost bare hillside.What a dreary scene that valley was! There was not a bright spot of color in it to relieve the drab vista of flying snow.Yet here, amid the storm, I caught the notes of a junco, though I failed to find the bird.As my route lay up the dreary valley I felt my way cautiously down the slippery hillside to the level ground below and turned northward.At an old landmark we call Sugar Loaf Hill I found a little flock of bluebirds keeping out of the storm.As I watched them a few grackles flew over, \u2018\u201c\u2018clicking\u201d in their harsh way.a I A i EDUCATIONAL RECORD Twenty-five Years Later Scavengers All A little further up the valley I came upon one of those eye-sores sometimes found near a large city\u2014a garbage dump.Today the kindly snow was covering the worst of it.Yet, strange to say, this malodorous blotch on the face of Nature brought about greatly improved bird conditions.Here were hundreds of gulls who had learned that this spot provides fodder.I approached cautiously and studied the assembly through my field glasses.It was a pretty sight.Before me stood a couple of acres of stately gulls of two species, the herring and the ring-billed.They were in various stages of plumage from the motled slate-grey of the immature to the pure white and pearly blue of the adult.Some were standing still, soberly facing the wind; others tearing at the refuse.Amongst them, walking here and there, were many grackles and several crows.Was there ever such a contrast in plumages?The immaculate gulls, difficult to see on the snowy background, which at the same time conspicuously showed up the jet black grackles and crows.One could almost imagine that the gulls stood aloof and dignified, confident in their camouflage, while the black rascals felt visible, and betrayed by Nature.The River\u2019s Brink Leaving the dump and following the river, I came upon a broad beach of gravel.Not a cheery spot near; such dark muddy water; yet kill deer plover sprang up and flew off at my approach, crying in alarm.Near here I discovered a little isolated clump of willows on some rough ground, sought as a shelter by the birds.Here I found a little flock of tree sparrows twittering EYES AND NO EYES 167 their contentment, and by the merest chance I caught sight of a solitary brown creeper dodging about on the slim tree-trunks.And now comes the strange irony of the trip.Amid such uninviting places as snowy open valleys, river flats with garbage dumps and isolated clumps of trees, I had found abundant life.But when my way led me, as it had years ago, up the quiet winding valley of Mud Creek, snug and sheltered from the wind and overgrown with mixed woods, I neither saw nor heard a single bird for over a mile, and then only found three silent bluebirds and two juncos.However, as I passed a certain park- like spot, recollection moved me with a strong tendency to look into the white oaks near at hand.I half expected to see, as I had once seen, a flock of strange birds in the branches.The familiar locality vividly recalled that past experience.Had we known it, those strange birds on that occasion were purple finches, but they remained a puzzle for many a day after.No birds were here today.There were even fewer trees, for the park-like spot had been \u201cimproved\u201d and now appeared as a flourishing cemetery with more white grave stones than white oaks.This is quite in keeping with the times, of course, for if cities it follows that cemeteries must increase also.However, my purple finches were not here today, so I walked on.The valley opened out onto the fields shortly and again I came to a refuse pile, where nine herring gulls and two crows were foraging.At this point, true to my route of long ago, I must cross the fields.From the very first weed patch I flushed two starlings.Here, indeed, was a new bird! We should never have seen him twenty- five years ago.Song sparrows, bluebirds, junco and killdeer all were here.It needed only observation to find them.Neither observation nor enthusiasm would have revealed the starling, however; he is a new introduction into this country and just wasn\u2019t here to see twenty-five years ago.The open fields brought me into the storm again.The wind swept over them unbostructed.Yet amid it all 1 caught the clean whistle of the meadowlark.The sound came from far away over the fields, where I could see fertilizer spread about.This meant food for birds, and they had come to it so freely that in a fair sized area I counted ten meadow-larks, nine starlings, two crows, and two killdeer plover foraging about.In all these fields on our former tramp we found only one species of birds\u2014the horned lark.An Avian Galli Curci I was nearing home now.I had a feeling I had done well and could enjoy a good dinner.But the two most interesting experiences were yet to come.After many snowy acres of fields I entered a wooded hillside thickly set with thorn bushes.Here the force of the storm was stayed and comparative stillness reigned.As I drew near I heard strange notes, sometimes a clear whistling warble, then an odd chuckle, a harsh twitter or a raspy screech came in turn from the thicket.There was something in the whole comical performance, along with the bleak surroundings, that suggested the singer\u2019s name\u2014the northern shrike.This bird might be said to be the only singer of the day.It would seem as though the dreary landscape of flying snow made this bird of the great lone northland feel at home in a way the new arrivals from the south could not feel.He was thriving here, for as I watched him he 168 flew to a certain bush and resumed his meal of a half-eaten field mouse spitted on a thorn.Stange Companions The same thicket held one more secret.As I left the shrike a large brown bird rose on whistling wings and flew in a wide circle through the woods.I marked the spot and found him not far off.As I expected, it was a woodcock.What starnge neighbors they made\u2014a shrike and à woodcock in the same thicket! Even their colors were incongruous\u2014cold blue-grey and warm brown.I could well imagine the silent woodcock standing disconsolately amid the ever deepening snow, hearing as he certainly must have heard, the notes of the garrulous shrike, and reflecting to himself that one might well sing amid a snowstorm when there were fat meadow-mice to find, but how could EDUCATIONAL RECORD a woodcock manage without soft earth and earth-worms ?The woodcock was my last observation for the day.Five minutes later I was home.After dinner I got out an old school-book used as a journal and read again the account of March 15 in that bygone year\u2014the proud record of seven species of birds sea.- How pitifully it compated with the list of today.It could be written thus:\u2014 March 15th, 1902\u2014Fine spring day; seven species of birds seen; several individuals.March 20th, 1927 (twenty-five years later) \u2014Miserable day!, fifteen species cf birds seen and hundreds of individuals, and two kinds of squirrels.Not long ago I told the story of the two days\u2019 tramp to a well known naturalist.Perhaps his laconic comment goes a long way in explanation of the comparison: \u201cEyes and no Eyes,\u201d he sald briefly. i INSPECTOR\u2019S REPORT REPORT OF INSPECTOR O.F.McCUTCHEON For the Year 1927-28 169 Leeps VILLAGE, QUE, July, 1928.The Honourable Superintendent of Education, Quebec, P.Q.Sir, I have the honour to submit my annual report comprising: I.The Statistical summary of my inspection district; II.General remarks on the working of the Education Act in the same district; III.The classification of municipalities in the order of merit.SUMMARY OF STATISTICS 1.\u2014Number of school municipalities: a) Under control of commissioners.oooveiniiinnn.b) Under control of trustees.cco.Total.2.\u2014 Number of schools: a) Elementary.c.count ea b) Intermediate.100020000 04204 a as ae aa a ae a a a aa ae» Total.8.\u2014 Number of teachers: a) Male teachers.0202020000 00424 ea a ae see ee a a ee 0 6 b) Female teachers.iii.Total.4.\u2014 Average salaries: a) Male teachers in elementary schools.b) Male teachers in intermediate schools.¢) Female teachers in elementary schools.d) Female teachers in intermediate schools.5.\u2014 Number of children of school age: (City of Quebec not included).a) Boys from 5to 7 years| 91] Girlsfrom 5 to 7 years 72 b) Boys from 7 to 14 years| 334| Girls from 7 to 14 years| 318 c) Boys from 14 to 16 years| 107| Girls from 14 to 16 years 75 d) Boys from 16 to 18 years| 70| Girls from 16 to 18 years 73 6.\u2014 Number of pupils enrolled: a) In the elementary sechools.b) In the intermediate schools.7.\u2014 Average attendance: (in percentage): a) In the elementary schools.ci iii.b) In the intermediate sechoois.110002020404 a aa a aa a aa ane c) Average general attendance.122202000404 iin.1927-28 19 22 80 2 00 #0 er ve eee RTE CS RE COIN EDUCATIONAL RECORD STATISTICAL SUMMARY.\u2014Continued 1927-28 8.\u2014Classification of pupils: In Grade 1.ini AL aa ALL 367 |[.In Grade 2.111112 Lea eee AA ana aa a 213 |.In Grade 3.112012 Lea a LA LL LA La aa 209 |.In Grade 4.111 LL LL Le La LL RAA AA 236 |.In Grade 5.L.2 LL LL a a ALL LA Lana 241 |[.In Grade 6.LLLL LL LL LL AL LL a La a aa AL 196 |.In Grade 7.LL AL ee La La a aa ana aan 167 |.In Grade 8.LLL LL LL AL a A AL Lea a Aa 27 |.In Grade 9.LL LL LL Le aa LL Aa NA aa a ia aa aa 29 |.In Grade 10.111020 L LL eee ae aan aa aa a aa aa a aa aa nana 10 §.In Grade 11.1.1.LL LL LL Lea aa aa ae ee ea ana aa nana le (1) The enrolment greater than the census, no census being taken in Quebec City.GENERAL REMARKS The schools of my district of inspection are scattered over the counties of Portneuf, Quebec, Levis, Dorchester, Beauce, Megantic, Wolfe, and Frontenac and a portion of the county of Compton.In addition I visited the Intermediate School at Asbestos and nine elementary schools in the municipality of Shipton in the county of Richmond, included in the foregoing summary of statistics.Reports on these were sent to the school boards and to the Department.At Asbestos I found a very good school building recently erected by the board.Work on the grounds had not yet been completed.One hundred and eleven pupils were enrolled in this school and four teachers and a French specialist were engaged in teaching them.The board is to be commended for its efforts put forth to maintain a good school affording excellent educational advantages to the young folks in the town.All the schools in my district were visited twice with the exception of a few summer schools which were not in operation at the time of my second tour, and those in the county of Richmond.Reports were sent to the teachers, school boards, and to the Department in the bulletins which were sent in after my visit.The annual Teachers\u2019 Conferences were held in the autumn at Kinnear\u2019s Mills, Millfield, Inverness, Scotstown and Valcartier Village.All were well attended by the teachers in the districts concerned.At Scotstown I was ably assisted by Dr.Rothney, Inspector of Superior Schools.Two new school houses were erected during the year,\u2014one in the municipality of Inverness in district No.8, and one in the municipality of St.Pierre Baptiste, county of Megantic.Both of these were built according to plans approved by the Department.The municipalities deserve very much credit for the good progress made along these lines.The Victoria and St.George\u2019s schools in the city of Quebec were put in first class condition by the school commissioners during the summer vacation.The class rooms were retinted and the school furniture renewed or revarnished making all bright and cheerful and afford- NH AT RE LR LE LEE NE CE INSPECTOR\u2019S REPORT 171 ing ideal conditions with respect to cleanliness and comfort.The school trustees of Levis, also merit special mention for having put their school building in very good condition and improving the school grounds.The rural municipalities which I recommend for the special prizes for improvements made are as follows: First prize $60.00\u2014St.Pierre Baptiste.Second prize $40.00\u2014Inverness.: | Third prize $40.00\u2014Dudswell.FE Fourth prize $35.00\u2014Leeds South.E Fifth prize $30.00\u2014Ste.Agnes de Ditchfield.One hundred and two teachers were engaged in teaching in my district during the year.Eighty-nine of these were qualified, twenty-eight of them holding intermediate diplomas and fifty-eight elementary diplomas and three high school diplomas.Thirteen were engaged on permits.The teachers whom I would recommend for the bonuses for successful teaching are as follows: Misses S.E.MacKenzie, G.E.Bennett, K.M.Scott, F.E.Laraway, M.R.MacKay, C.B.Morrison, Mr.A.McAndrews, Misses C.E.Butler, A.L.Deni- son, F.L.McAdam, M.G.Riley, A.G.Hatcher, M.M.McCourbrey and M.B.Marsh.The successful teachers debarred from two bonuses in succession were: Mrs.V.T.Miller and Miss E.E.Taylor.For the Strathcona prizes for physical culture the following are recom- memded: St.Colombe de Sillery, teacher: Mrs.V.T.Miller; E Ste.Agnes de Ditchfield, teacher: Miss F.E.Laraway; i Loretteville, teacher: Miss B.L.Hart; E Portneuf, teacher: Miss M.G.Riley; = Hampden No.3 and 4, teacher: Miss M.R.Mackay.6 A supply of books was received from the Department for distribution E among the school libraries.These were sorted and put up in packets containing about fifteen books for each school, and deposited in all schools visited since their receipt.The books were well selected affording suitable reading adapted for the respective grades in the schools.The teachers should encourage the pupils to make good use of the libraries.The rates of taxation levied per valuation of one hundred dollars were as follows: $ $ 8 $ 8 $ $ 8 |e.|c.|c.|e.|je.Je.|c.je.je.|Je.je.je.je.Tax paid per valuation of $100.2.00/1.65/1.50|1.40|1.25|1.20|1.10|1.00|.95|.90|.85{.80|.75|.70|.65/.60|.55|.50|.45/.27|.15 No.of municipalities.2 1 2 2 3 2 3 1|2|1]|4|/1]/2]13]/1j 1/1 1 Some of the school boards take an active interest in the schools and likewise some of the residents of certain districts and are desirous to have them come up to the standard in all respects.Where this is found it is most encouraging. EDUCATIONAL RECORD All of the secretaries were visited and their books examined.I have to report thirty-five as having them in good order and six whose books were not very tidy.Most of the secretaries were very prompt in supplying all the statistics required of them during the year.Twenty municipalities were recommended for participation in grants from the Poor Municipality Fund and four were recommended for grants from the Released Normal School Fund.The classification of the municipalities for the year according to (1) the length and arrangement of the school year; (2) the condition of the school houses, school grounds and closets; (3) the supply of apparatus (4) the use of the course of study; (5) the use of the authorized text-books; (6) the salaries of the teachers and the method of payment; is as follows: Excellent.\u2014Quebec, Levis, St.Colombe de Sillery, Loretteville, Asbestos, Portneuf.Good\u2014 Leeds South, Marbleton, Milan, St.Romuald, St.Raymond, Maple Grove, Lingwick, Dudswell, St.Agnes de Ditchfield, Chaudiere, St.Gabriel West, Valley, St.Dunstan, Shipton, Stoneham, St.Pierre Baptiste, Aubert Gallion.Fair \u2014 Nelson, Mill Mill, Hampden, Inverness, Leeds, Ireland North, Weedon, Leeds East, St.Gabriel East, Marston, South Ham.Poor \u2014St.Malachie, St.Ferdinand de Halifax, St.Edward de Frampton, Whitton.Unclassified.\u2014Pupils are conveyed to schools outside the municipality: Beauport, St.Foy, St.Sauveur.Thanking all who have assisted me in my work during the year.I have the honour to be, ete., O.F.McCurcHEON, Inspector of Public Schools. INSPECTOR\u2019S REPORT REPORT OF INSPECTOR J.W.McOUAT For the Year 1927-28 173 LACHUTE, QUE., July, 1928.Sir, I have the honour to submit my annual report comprising: I.The statistical summary of my inspection district; II.General remarks on the working of the Education Act in the same district; III.The classification of municipalities in the order of merit.STATISTICAL SUMMARY 1927-28 1.\u2014Number of school municipalities: a) Under control of commissioners.202000000 4444 a es ass 0 17 |.b) Under control of trustees.020400020 14004 ea ass a 0e 32 |.Total.J.49 2.\u2014 Number of schools: a) Elementary.o.oo eee 90 |.b) Imtermediate.co A La a a a a a sa aa a a aa aa aa 1e 7 1.00.97 8.\u2014 Number of teachers: a) Male teachers.ee 5 |.b) Female teachers.1122110004 LL La La aa ea aa see 98 |.Total.|.cc.103 4.\u2014Average salaries: $ a) Male teachers in elementary schools.416.67|.\u2018 in intermediate schools.ot.1,450.00(.b) Female teachers in elementary schools.538.23.6 in intermediate schools.778.8%.d.\u2014Eumber of children of scholl age: a) Boysfrom 5to 7 years| 199] Girlsfrom 5to 7 years) 116 315 |.b) Boys from 7 to 14 years| 777 Girls from 7 to 14 years| 750 1527 |.c) Boys from 14 to 16 years| 192! Girls from 14 to 16 years| 228 420 |.d) Boys from 16 to 18 years 129 | Girls from 16 to 18 years| 140 469 |.Total.22220000 000 0e fes 2,581 6.\u2014 Number of pupils enrolled: a) In the elementary schools.ci.1426 0 b) In the intermediate schools.iii.665 |.Total.PS 2,091 7.\u2014Average attendance: (in percentage).a) In the elementary schools.iii eieninn.70% |.b) In the intermediate schools.coin nnenn.716% |.c) Average general attendance.1000010000 0000 aa ae ae a fe see ee 82% EIRE EN PEN OU CPE OO CIC RER OO EEE PESTE EDUCATIONAL RECORD STATISTICAL SUMMARY\u2014Continued 1927-28 8.\u2014Classification of pupils: Years of Course: (Boys and Girls.) In Grade 1.111.222 a a LL LL A LA A a a a aa aa a 587 |.In Grade 2.1.2 0 022 a A A LL A AL a a a aa aa aa aa a LA 258 |.In Grade 3.L.L12 LL LL LL aa a aa ea LA A LL a AAA 256 |j.In Grade 4.111122 La A AV a a a aa ae a aa aa aa LA 251 |.In Grade 5.\u2026.12 LL A ea LL La A AAA aa a aa a aa Lea 252 |.In Grade 6.220111.LL LL LL La AAA La a ana LL 216 |.In Grade 71.112204 a LL LL La a aa A a a da a aa aa 162 |.In Grade 8B.LL LL LL LL AL LL LL LA LA LL aa 56 |.In Grade O.LL LL LL LL LL LL Na a ae a aa a aa aan 37 (|.ue In Grade 10.LL LL LL LL LL LL LA Le aa aa La ALL 6 |.In Grade \"+ 0e 0 + 5 6 8 400 1 8 2 0 0 8 0 0 8 3 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 6 8 0 6 0 4 6 1 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 TT 1e 1 0 0 0 0 0 Pee vs sess se te ss ee as see ees In submitting my annual report this year I must observe that, in addition to my own inspectorate, I visited and inspected eight schools in the district of Inspector Rothney, all of which are included in the foregoing summary of statistics, from the counties of Rouville, Vercheres and St.Hyacinthe.GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 1.There are 48 qualified teachers on the staff of this inspectorate and the remainder have a high school education and, in some cases, a diploma from another province.These are engaged on permission from the department.2.1 submit the following list of bonus teachers for eminent success in the year\u2019s work.Mrs.R.Graham, Ida M.Fletcher, Elsie McLachlan, Violet Murdock, Phobe I.Jackson, Marg.G.Lawrence, Isabella M.Hume, Alma Copeland, Margaret A.Duncan, Lillian M.Crooks, Ethel A.Johnson, Riith A.Burton, Mamie L.Duncan, Lois Roy, Marion Phelps, Esther L.Cunin, Mary F.Me- Ewan, Dorothy G.Morrison.So er xa ward For certificates only\u2014Mrs.W.W.Schoolcraft, Bertha Scott, Louise M.Elliott.Only 11 schools fell below 759, in efficiency on the year\u2019s work, which means that 85% of the staff were successful.3.No buildings were erected this year but three are being built for next year, in Grenville No.3.Grenville No.1 and St.Jerusalem.Considerable sums were spent on repairs to school premises and upkeep of the school outfit.The total for the various municipalities amounts to $5306.17, spent on 38 schools.4.Bonuses to school boards are recommended as follows: St.Remi d\u2019Amherst.$60.Grenville No.1.DO VA Denholm & Bowman.40.5 St.Valerie de Ponsonby.35.Ste.Sophie (New Glasgow).30. A eC CODE Q.Erin OES INSPECTOR\u2019S REPORT 175 5.The usual conferences were held last September and were very succesful in all respects.I am very grateful to your Department for the valuable assistance given me by Mr.Chas.McBurney, B.A.at each of my conferences.The attendance is almost 100% because each teacher is called for and returned to her home at the close of the conference.Such gatherings are a valuable part of each year\u2019s work.\\ I desire to thank all who have helped to make the year\u2019s work a success and hope for a continuance of the same support in the years to come.I have the honour to be, ete., : J.W.McOuar, | School Inspector.RE EE EE EE OT SEE ER ET RENNES ECRIRE TION EDUCATIONAL RECORD REPORT OF INSPECTOR Rev.Dr.W.O.ROTHNEY For the Year 1927-28 SHERBROOKE, 31st July, 1928.Sir, I have the honour to submit my annual report comprising: I.The statistical summary of my inspection district; II.General remarks on the working of the Education Act in the same district; III.The classification of municipalities in the order of merit.STATISTICAL SUMMARY 1927-28 1.\u2014Number of school municipalities : a) Under control of commissioners b) Under control of trustees 2.\u2014 Number of schools: a) Intermediate b) \u201cHigh Schools\u201d c) In Independent institutions subsidized d) In independent instititions non-subsidized 8.\u2014 Number of teachers: a) Male teachers b) Female teachers \u2014 Average salaries in the schools under control: a) Lay male teachers: \\ in the intermediate schools 2400.00 [in the \u201cHigh Schools\u201d 2420.57 b) Lay female teachers: in intermediate schools 892.50 i.he High Schools 1039.18 5.\u2014 Number of children of school age: (according to the secretary-treas- urers\u2019 reports).a) Boys from 5to 7 years] 1895 Girls from 5to 7 years| 1830 b) Boys from 7 to 14 years! 6888 Girls from 7 to 14 years| 6912 c) Boys from 14 to 16 years| 1867 Girls from 14 to 16 years d) Boys from 16 to 18 years| 1396 Girls from 16 to 18 years 6.\u2014 Number of pupils enrolled: a) In the intermediate schools b) In the \u201cHigh Schools\u201d c) In independent institutions subsidized d) In independent institutions non-subsidized.(Statistics not avail- INSPECTOR\u2019S REPORT - 177 STATISTICAL SUMMARY\u2014Continued 1927-28 7.\u2014 Average attendance: a) In the intermediate schools.iit.47.1 9|.b) In the High Schools.ci.81.6 %|.¢) In the subsidized independent institutions.en 87.25%.d) In the non-subsidized independent institutions.(Statistics not available).eee fe ee e) Average general attendance.ioe 81.9, 8.\u2014 Classification of pupils: In Grade 1.cov ee 1790 |.In Grade 2.ee 1053 |.In Grade 3.ooo A LL LA LA LA A LL LL» 1014 |.In Grade 4d4.L.LLLL1LL LL LL LL LAN a a A da a ea a a aa aa ee 1207 |.In Grade 5.111221 LL LL LL AA LA AL A AL Lean ee 951 |.In Grade 6.co LA A ALL LL Lee» 962 |.In Grade B.1111 LL LL LL LL LA LA LL LA aa a a a eee 1609 |.In Grade 9111111111 LL LL LL LL LL AL Le a a a a Le aa aa 1110 |.In Grade 10.ea a a eee 743 |.In Grade 11.ee 595 |.Total.ci].12,195 GENERAL REMARKS A second year in the high school inspectorate has given me a much better opportunity of estimating the condition and needs of the high schools than the hurried visit of the Spring of 1927.The impressions gained during the first visit, however, were not greatly modified, and for the most part confirmed, by the more careful inspection of the past year.1.In general school boards and teachers are anxious to improve the efficiency of their schools, and welcome any suggestions that will aid them in so doing.There are a few exceptions, but not many.A summer school to which high school principals and teachers might go to keep themselves in touch with modern educational movements seems to be much needed in this Province.2.While a decided improvement in the matter of classification and supervision was noticeable during the second visit, there is still much to be desired in this respect.A few schools, however, have these matters well in hand.3.There is still too much emphasis being placed on mere instruction, and not enough on the development of personality.Instruction is being confused with education.Too many teachers seem to think that they can educate their pupils by mere instruction, and ignore the fact that pupils must educate themselves.The teacher\u2019s business is to stimulate, supervise and direct the pupil's educational endeavour, and to maintain educational standards to which the pupil must aspire.Our high schools should be dedicated to a higher purpose than merely the imparting of knowledge.They should stand for the production of men and women, who are not merely informed, but who have learned to \u201clive above the fog, in public duty and in private thinking\u201d.So long, however, as the efficiency of the schools is reckoned solely, or mainly, on marks taken in a government examination this ideal will be difficult to attain.4.There is great need of better articulation between University and High School.At the present time our high schools are trying to accomplish the 178 EDUCATIONAL RECORD difficult task of being simultaneously two distinet agencies, one trying to fit pupils for life in a modern world, and the other trying to fit them for Matriculation.Of the pupils who wrote on the June Examinations this year 32.29, failed to pass, as compared with 389, the previous year.30.39, of the pupils who wrote in the high schools failed to pass the examination, and in the intermadiate schools 38.59, failed to pass.CLASSIFICATION OF MUNICIPALITIES Following is the classification of the schools of the High School Inspectorate in accordance with the requirements of Regulation 9 (m) of the Regulations of the Protestant Committee: Ezxcellent.\u2014Outremont, Shawinigan Falls, Cowansville, Westmount, Waterloo, Lennoxville, Verdun, St.Lambert, Lachine, Quebec (Comm.High), Three Rivers, Granby.Good.\u2014Scotstown, Macdonald, Sherbrooke, Valleyfield, Mount Royal, Shawville, Aylmer, Kenogami.Fair \u2014Ayers Cliff, Coaticook, Beebe, Montreal West, Grand\u2019Mère, Stan- stead, Lachute, Knowlton, New Carlisle, Thetford, La Tuque, Cookshire, Ormstown, Sutton, Huntingdon, Richmond, North Hatley, Bury, Danville, Buckingham, Longueuil, Waterville, Bedford, East Angus.Poor \u2014Lake Megantic, Magog, Ascot, St.Johns, Inverness, Windsor Mills.I have the honour to be, etc.W.O.RoTHNEY, Inspector of High Schools. INSPECTOR\u2019S REPORT REPORT OF INSPECTOR Rev.W.W.SMITH For the Year 1927-28 179 Grosse IsLE, M.I., July, 1928.Sir, I have the honour to submit my annual report comprising: I.The Statistical summary of my inspection district; II.General remarks on the working of the Education Act in the same district; III.The classification of municipalities in the order of merit.STATISTICAL SUMMARY 1.\u2014 Number of school municipalities: a) Under control of commissioners.iviurrnernnnnnn b) Under control of trustees.02040000 000440 0e eee see ee» Total.2.\u2014 Number of schools: a) Elementary.c.count tiie.8.\u2014 Number of teachers: Under control: b) Lay male teachers.ccc nonnnns ¢) Lay female teachers.oiiiiiiiiiiiiine.n.Total.4.\u2014 Average salaries in the schools under control: a) Male teachers In elementary schools.b) Female teachers: In elementary schools.6.\u2014Number of children of school age (census) (according to secretary- treasurers\u2019 report): a) Boysfrom 5to 7 years| 25 b) Boys from 7 to 14 years| 63 c) Boys from 16 to 16 years| 23 d) Boys from 16 to 18 years| 12 Girls from 5to 7 years| 26 Girls from 7 to 14 years| 56 Girls from 14 to 16 years| 21 Girls from 16 to 18 years! 8 6.\u2014Number of pupils enrolled: a) In the elementary schools.coon.7.\u2014 Average attendance (Percentage): a) In the elementary schools.b) Average general attendance.1222100 01204 aa ae ea ane 8 \u2014 Classification of pupils: In Grade 1.RER ea In Grade 2.i In Grade BB.ee In Grade 4.1.1 LL LL LL A Le a a a aa a a aa a a a ee In Grade 5.1.1 LL LL LL LL LA Le a a a a a de a a a ee In Grade 6.LL ei 0 In Grade 7.LL ALL LA LA A aa a a a a a a aa aan In Grade 7.111111 ALL LL LL LA LL a de ae ae a ae ane 1927-28 \u2026\u2026.«ao a es ee se a a a 0 en .a.ese cs ae sve se es EDUCATIONAL RECORD GENERAL REMARKS The work of the schools has gone more smoothly than previously.Although none of the teachers has a Quebec diploma it is creditable that without exception they adapted themselves well to Provincial requirements.PARTICULAR SCHOOLS Grindstone\u2014The outside of the schoolhouse has been neglected but the inside 1s bright and attractive.The teacher did good work.Entry Island.\u2014The trustees here have rested on their laurels and while great improvements were noted last year, nothing has been done towards painting the outside.The teacher was competent and secured excellent results.Grosse Isle\u2014The recommendations of the Department are not treated seriously here, and the Commissioners do not seem to realise their responsibility.The large number enrolled presents a difficult problem to the teacher here but satisfactory progress was noted.Old Harry.\u2014The trustees seem to take their duties seriously, and a consistent attendance enabled the teacher to do good work.A very successful conference was held here last fall.Grand Entry~\u2014The schoolhouse has been painted outside and in, and presents a neat appearance.The teacher here did excellent work.CLASSIFICATION OF MUNICIPALITIES Excellent.\u2014Grand Entry.Good \u2014Old Harry.Fair.\u2014Entry Island, Grindstone, Grosse Isle.Rev.W.W.SMITH, School Inspector. uvre niéteis INSPECTOR\u2019S REPORT REPORT OF INSPECTOR Rev.ERNEST M.TAYLOR For the Year 1927-28 KNOWLTON, June 28th, 1928.Sir, I have the homour to submit my annual report comprising: I.The statistical summary of my inspection district; II.General remarks of the Education Act in the same district; III.The classification in the order of merit.SUMMARY OF STATISTICS 1927-28 1.\u2014Number of scbool municipalities: ge: a) Under control of commissioners.ii.20 |.b) Under control of trustees.ii] | ÿ PE 2.Number of schools: a) Elementary.AL a ae 82 |.b) Intermediate.220001 14 LL LA LA LA a Le La aa a aa ee 10 |.kh Ri 3.\u2014 Number of teachers: a) Male teachers.LL a aa a Le 2 |.b) Female teachers.iia |.4.\u2014 Average salaries: a) Male teachers in elementary schools.[.[.: b) In intermediate schools.$825 |.1 ¢) Female teachers in elementary schools.431 |.d) In intermediate schools.722 |.5.\u2014Number of children of school age: a) Boys from 5to 7 years; 206| Girlsfrom 5to 7 years| 200 406 |.b) Boys from 7 to 14 years| 756 Girls from 7 to 14 years| 698 1,454 |.c) Boys from 14 to 16 years| 180| Girls from 14 to 16 years| 173 353 |.d) Boys from 16 to 18 years! 115| Girls from 16 to 18 years| 111 226 |.Total.|.2,439 6.\u2014Number of pupils enrolled: a) In the slementary schools.iii.1,367 |.b) In the intermediate schools.0.0.523 |.Average attendance: (In percentage).a) In the elementary schools.78% b) In the intermediate schools.cio.75%.c) Average general attendance.0010000000 00 a ana fee EDUCATIONAL RECORD STATISTICAL SUMMARY\u2014Continued 1927-28 8.\u2014 Classification of pupils: In Grads 493 In Grade 231 In Grade 280 In Grade 226 In Grade 201 In Grade 193 In Grade 168 In Grade 54 In Grade In Grade 10 In addition of the Protestant Schools of the four Counties of Brome, Missis- quoi, Iberville and St.Johns, I have been asked to inspect in the Spring time the Protestant Schools of Shefford County being known as a part of the former Inspectorate of Dr.Rothney.In this County I found one Intermediate and ten Elementary Schools in operation.These I have inspected and made reports upon the same.This has given me 92 schools namely, 82 Elementary and 10 Intermediate Schools.The total enrolment is 1890, of which number 169 are in Shefford County.The total number of persons of school age is 2439 showing 549 not attending school.This fact calls for some sort of compulsory legislation.On the 11th of May the historic \u201cDunham Academy\u201d was reduced to ashes through its proximity to other buildings on fire.This fine old structure was of stone and had been in use since its construction in 1840.The insurance on it was trifling as it was thought to be practically safe.Through an outbreak of scarlet fever the school was closed, the Principal of the school being one of the victims of the disease.REPAIRS In my own territory 18 schools have been repaired at a total cost of $1,919.98 and in the part pertaining to the Rothney district 5 schools have been repaired at a cost of $889.65.TEACHER'S CONFERENCES Teachers\u2019 Conferences were held, as formerly, at Knowlton and Farnham.At these I was very efficiently aided by Mr.McBurney.At Knowlton the Trustees of the Fisher Trust Fund took active and much appreciated part in the proceedings.Observations were made that no previous conferences have been more valuable to the cause of education than these last held.Through the stimulation of the Fisher Trust Fund several municipalities have lengthened the school term from eight to nine months.Bonuses for successful Teaching.\u2014In my own territory the following are recommended for bonuses for successful teaching: Misses Freda Vaughan, INSPECTOR\u2019S REPORT 183 Frances Hawley, Ruth, A.Clark, Belle Johnston, Bessie L.Mitour, Mrs.Warren Fletcher, Mrs.Marion A.Peacock; Miss Ruth E.Stowe, Mrs.S.M.Neill, Misses J.Vera Jackson, Clara J.Mountford, Florence Rollins, Gula M.Taylor, Lela M.Marsh and Eva Vincent.The following successful teachers are debarred from two bonuses in succession: Misses Edith Aiken and Doris Vernal and Mrs.Charles Smith.Mrs.Yates Short had only five pupils present but deserves honourable mention.Strathcona Trust Prizes.\u2014The following Teachers have won Strathcona prizes for their schools: Misses Pearl Gallant, J.Vera Jackson, Lula M.Seale, Olive J.Mount and Florence Rollins.Bonuses to deserving municipalities \u2014The following are recommended: 1.Farnham, 2.Sutton, 3.East Farnham, 4.Foster and 5.Potton.The classification of municipalities remains practically the same as during the two last years.The new school building erected recently at Roxton Pond is admirable and very equipped.Classification of municipalities in Shefford County is as follows: Excellent.\u2014Roxton Pond, South Stukeley and Shefford.Good.\u2014North Ely.Poor.\u2014South Ely, St.Joachim and Ste.Prudentienne de Shefford.I have the honour to be, ete., ERNEST M.TAYLOR, Inspector of Schools. EDUCATIONAL RECORD REPORT OF INSPECTOR GENERAL OF PROTESTANT SCHOOLS QUEBEC, September 1, 1928.To the Superintendent of Education.Sir, I have the honour to report that the work of inspection of the Protestant schools of the Province was again somewhat hampered by a district of inspection being vacant.The vacancy which had existed in the district of the late Mr.Gilman had been filled in 1927-28 by the appointment of Mr.W.H.Brady, B.A.to the work there, but when Dr.W.O.Rothney was appointed Inspector of High Schools at the same time, his district of Elementary and Intermediate schools became vacant, and it was necessary during the past year to divide that district in sections among the seven other Protestant inspectors.The difficulty in maintaining a complete staff of Protestant inspectors is that of the salary offered.While there are high school principals and other graduate teachers well qualified for the position of Inspector, the salaries they obtain in the high schools are so much higher than those accorded to an inspector- ship that they are unwilling to accept the latter position.The retirement of Dr.Rothney as Inspector of High Schools, in order to accept the professorship of Education at Bishop's College University, Lennox- ville, at the end of 1927-28, makes it necessary to have temporary arrangements for that important work in the present year.The appointment of a permanent successor, qualified by scholarship, administrative capacity and leadership, is of the utmost importance at the present time.The industrial expansion of the Province of Quebec in recent years has greatly increased the demand for young men and women, for office and other work, equipped with the best secondary education that a high school should afford.It cannot be affirmed too often that the state of efficiency of the high schools in a country determines, more than anything else, the average educational standard of the country, and it 1s therefore one of the most important factors in the intellectual progress of the majority.The reason for this is readily understood when it is remembered that while a considerable percentage of the pupils who have attended an elementary school go forward to the high school, only a very small percentage attend a university, In recognition of this fact the Protestant Committee has endeavoured to so arrange the course of study that, while affording the requirements for entrance to the university at the end of Grade XI for those who desire it, it may also give the large majority who are to enter practical life at the end of that grade the foundation of a good general education.Frankness, however, demands the acknowledgement that there is some justification for the frequent public complaint that too many of the finished products of the high school are far from being as equipped for office work, for instance, as they should be.A INSPECTOR\u2019S REPORT 185 striking weakness is in the mother tongue.English spelling, grammar and composition show most serious defects at the June Examinations, as reported yearly by the Grade XI examiners, not only in the papers on those subjects but in other papers as well.It is true that this weakness is not confined to the high schools of this Province.The universities of the Dominion have had to draw attention to it more than once, and matriculation standards have had to be raised in consequence.The difficulty in regard to English begins, of course, in the earlier grades.It is there where thoroughness in that and other subjects may be obtained, but this thoroughness can hardly be looked for in too many of our schools where one teacher is placed in charge of several grades at once.Real teaching and drill become replaced under that condition by mere perfunctory \u2018hearing of lessons\u2019.Larger staffs are required, and in some cases also teachers for the earlier grades with higher diplomas are needed.In other words, if the majority of the high schools outside of the larger cities are to function as they should, the school municipalities concerned will have to consider the question of a larger expenditure on high school staffing.Two consolidations go into effect this year: that of Dundee, where a fine new Intermediate school has been erected, and that at Huntingdon, where the township of Godmanchester has been united to Huntingdon.The work of the Protestant Inspectors continues to be most satisfactory and conscientious, and their steady efforts to ensure that the school boards in the rural districts will obtain teachers with diplomas are most praiseworthy.I have the honour to be, ete., J.C.SUTHERLAND, Inspector General of Protestant Schools. EDUCATIONAL RECORD MINUTES OF PROTESTANT COMMITTEE Montreal, February 22nd, 1929.Medical Building, McGill University.On which day was held a regular meeting of the Protestant Committee of the Council of Education.AT a Present:\u2014The Honourable C.F.Delage, LL.D., the Honourable W.G.Mitchell, K.C., D.C.L., in the chair, Reverend A.T.Love, B.A., D.D., W.M.Rowat, Esq., M.D., C.M., Howard Murray, Esq., O.B.E., W.S.Bullock, Esq., M.L.A., Right Reverend Lennox Williams, D.D., Reverend E.I.Rexford, D.C.L., LL.D., Milton L.Hersey, Esq., M.A.Sc., LL.D., A.Kirk Cameron, Esq., Eugène Lafleur, Esq., K.C., Reverend A.H.McGreer, M.A., D.D., P.C.Duboyce, Esq., B.A., LL.B., W.O.Rothney, Ph.D., W.L.Shurtleff, Esq., K.C., LL.D., Sinclair Laird, Esq., M.A., B.Phil., J.A.Nicholson, Esq., M.A., LL.D., George F.Calder, B.A.E.G.Pierce, Esq., and Claude A.Adams, Esq., B.A.ES Apologies for absence were submitted on behalf of the Honourable Jacob Nicol, K.C., M.L.A., D.C.L and Professor Carrie M.Derick, M.A.Mr.E.G.Pierce was present for the first time and was welcomed to the meeting by the Chairman.The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.The members of the Committee, by a standing vote, unanimously passed the following resolution, on motion of Mr.Eugéne Lafleur.\u2014 \u201cThe Protestant Committee of the Council of Education have to record with deep regret the untimely death of one of their most valued members, the late Acting-Chief Justice Martin, of the Superior Court.After a distinguished career at the bar, and many years of eminent public service as a judge of the Court of Appeal, and subsequently as Acting-Chief Justice of the Superior Court, chron or EL a AU pe CE MINUTES OF PROTESTANT COMMITTEE 187 the learned judge found time, notwithstanding his onerous judicial duties, to attend the meetings of this Committee, where his great talents and sound advice were greatly appreciated by all his colleagues.His loss to the cause of Education will be keenly felt by all of us.To his afflicted family the members of this Committee respectfully offer their profound and heartfelt sympathy in their bereavement.\u201d Mr.Cameron reported that the school board of the township of Stanstead had made a contract with the trustees of Stanstead College by which the said College undertook to erect an additional school building and to educate therein the pupils of five school districts for a period of years, upon terms which have received the approval of the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council, as according to law.The sub-committee on Consolidation recommended that the sum of $7,000 be paid to the school municipality of Stanstead for the purpose of bringing into effect the contract between these two boards for the consolidation of the schools just mentioned; the $7,000 to be taken from the $20,000 allocated yearly for the purpose of assisting the erection of school buildings for Consolidation.Mr.Cameron further reported that a new building was being considered for North Hatley but that further particulars were required before a recommendation could be made for assistance from the fund just mentioned.The report of the sub-committee was adopted on the understanding that the sub-committee should consider the North Hatley matter further as soon as convenient.Dr.Nicholson reported progress for the sub-committee appointed to consider the resolution of the Protestant Teachers\u2019 Association regarding the establishing of the order of scholastic merit.Dr.McGreer presented a careful and comprehensive report on rural elementary school buildings and grounds which showed that there is a too general neglect of the grounds and an urgent need for remedying the conditions which too frequently exist in regard to the outbuildings.The report declared that the only hope of dealing successfully with the whole question is to have grants at the command of the Department which will enable it to co-operate with the municipalities in ameliorating these conditions.It was recommended that the Committee explore the possibility of securing money for this purpose without delay.The report was adopted and the sub-committee was continued.Dr.Rexford reported for the sub-committee on retarded and sub-normal children as follows: CO te ee RT tN EDUCATIONAL RECORD \u201cFirst, that the further inquiries of your sub-committee confirm the main points of the report adopted by this Committee at the October meeting.\u201cSecondly, that there is in every community a certain number of children of school age who are backward or sub-normal and who are unable to make the grades laid down in the regular public school course, and yet are able to follow with pleasure and profit a modified course at a less rapid rate, which will qualify them for certain industrial occupations.\u201cThirdly, that these backward children naturally become disheartened, discouraged and irritated because of their inability to do the work assigned in the regular grades, and not only leave school without the necessary equipment to enable them to become self supporting, but frequently join the class of incorrigibles and youthful delinquents.\u201cFourthly, that nearly all civilized countries, including all the other Provinces of Canada except one, have recognized the wisdom as well as the necessity of providing systematically for the education of this element of the school population as a specially subsidized but integral part of the general educational system.\u201cFifthly, that your sub-committee therefore recommends that immediate steps be taken to organize auxiliary classes for the backward children as an integral part of our educational system.\u201c\u201cSixthly, that provincial organization for this work will involve the following elements among others \u2014 1.An act of the Legislature.2.The preparation of a body of regulations based on the Legislative anact- ment and approved by order-in-council.3.A Government grant in aid of this work, especially to assist and encourage local school boards to organize and equip auxiliary classes for backward children as an integral part of their work.\u201cSeventhly, that an effort be made to secure at the present session of the Legislature, the passage of a bill granting the necessary powers for the organization and maintenance of special facilities for the training of backward children.\u201cFighthly, that an application be made for an annual grant of at least $5,000 to enable the Committee to organize and maintain this very essential department of educational work in co-operation with the local school boards all under regulations approved by order-in-council.Signed: Erson I.REXFORD, W.G.MITCHELL. MINUTES OF PROTESTANT COMMITTEE 189 On motion of Dr.Rexford, seconded by Dr.Hersey, this report was adopted and the sub-committee was continued with instructions to interview the Government as to the best methods of carrying out the recommendations contained therein.Mr.Duboyce presented a report of the sub-committee on June examinations which recommended that in June 1930 and thereafter the Government examinations be restricted to the tenth and eleventh grades, and that the examination of the lower grades be conducted by the staffs of the various schools.This report was adopted.Mr.Bullock submitted, in printed form, for the sub-committee on Poor Municipality Grants, a proposed distribution of the total amount available this year, namely, $15,440.40.The whole list was approved without alteration.The Secretary made an interim report on the question of religious and moral instruction in the public schools.An application from the Protestant School Board of Sherbrooke for re-in- statement on the list of high schools that receive grants was read, but the Committee could not see its way clear to alter its previous decision.The Secretary reported that W.G.Dormer, Esq., M.A., had passed the examination for the Inspector\u2019s Certificate of qualification with such satisfaction to the examiners as to entitle him to a certificate of the first class.It was ordered that such a certificate should be issued.A letter written by Prof.N.N.Evans in reply to a resolution of the Protestant Teachers\u2019 Association respecting the objectives in chemistry teaching was read.The Secretary was instructed to say that the Committee concurs in the views expressed by Prof.Evans.A series of resolutions was read which had been passed by the Protestant school board of St.Hubert, Chambly Canton, in regard to school taxes which certain Protestants were alleged to pay to the Roman Catholic board voluntarily for the purpose of escaping the higher rate.The Committee was asked to seek remedial legislation.The Chairman ruled that it was not in order for the Protestant Committee to consider legislation upon the question of taxation applying to Roman Catholics and Protestants alike.In consequence of this ruling the Secretary was directed to refer the matter to the Honourable the Provineial Secretary for his attention. EDUCATIONAL RECORD The Director of Protestant Education recommended the re-appointment of the two boards of examiners for the June examinations with the same members as served last year, and this recommendation was approved by the Committee.The meeting then adjourned to meet in Montreal on Friday the 17th day of May, unless called earlier by order of the Chairman.(Signed) G.W.PARMELEE, (Signed), W.G.MITCHELL, Secretary.Chairman. 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