Technique : revue industrielle = industrial review, 1 septembre 1940, Septembre

[" J Lao os Pre eos ee So ur Lo a Chane hte pricey oo Ecc aan ot ore een pres PEPE Eps Eo ro aa be ce cet sc yo a Eh 2 ca AES Ea pese gs vers x PET jest Etre rh eX vi ; su AR SR Ë S .= TE ; i REVIEW 3 ST oo 2 AD NES = sw 2 = .= se s = = = = x NR HE = ÿ = 5 = = = 3 ES es = = SE = Se Se i $ = = £ S = 3 Na = 5 = RN INDUSTRIAL = > a: ok S S NN ee 8 = = ; Wn = $ a aN Ÿ & = Nn DN J Su = S =.= RS RR > 8 © , = a aa $ SN NE i ER 58 $ IE * NN .> » 3 S =, = $ + ® = SE = ER « UNE CERAMISTE A L'OEUVRE » VOIR ARTICLE PAGE 463 NE 8 = , RR RE = NR HN A = SN = = \\ Bo SN a 3 $ .Ÿ TRIELLE = = = A A \\ S ss + = .s S Ne.S æ NN 2 We = ÈS = SS S Sa 0 SS NL S SN ss AA SANTA ope z TE NTE A & \u2014 i { EPTEMBRE EPTEMBER ONTREAL \u201cmare = ¢RE ~ n= a me I _ - tte D M EN UE HH HE EATER HRC HA TECHNIQUE REVUE INDUSTRIELLE INDUSTRIAL REVIEW COMITE DE DIRECTION Directeur Secrétaire et Administrateur Gabriel Rousseau Armand Thuot Rédacteurs en chef : Section frangaise Section anglaise Jean-Marie Gauvreau lan McLeish BOARD OF DIRECTORS Director Gabriel Rousseau Secretary and Business Manager Armand Thuot Editors : English Section lan McLeish French Section Jean Marie Gauvreau COMITE DE REDACTION lan McLeish Jean-Marie Gauvreau Alexandre Bailey P.-E.Beaulé EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Alb.-Victor Dumas James-A.Gahan Elzéar-N.Gougeon Georges Landreau Hector Beaupré Albert Landry Paul Cadotte E.Morgentaler G.-H.Cing-Mars F.Roberge J.-C.-A.Demers Stewart-H.Ross W.-W.Werry H.-E.Tanner Délégué de la Corporation des Techniciens J.-R.McGrath Delegate of the Corporation of Technicians Publié sous le patronage de Published under the patronage of HON.HENRI GROULX ; par - by , LES ECOLES D'ARTS ET METIERS © Adresser toute cor ¢spondance Address correspondence to 59 ouest, rue Saint-Jacques Montréalà 59 St.James Street West Mensuelle excepté juillet et août Le Numéro - - - - - - 10 Abonnement : Canada - - Parannée $1.00 Etranger - - parannée 1.50 Published monthly except July and August Onecopy - - - - = 10 Subscription: Canada - - - - - - $1.00 Other Countries - - - 1.50 -\u2014-\u2014_\u2014_\u2014_\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 ass Ministère du Secrétariat dela Province de Québec Hon.HENRI GROUI X, ministre JEAN BRUCHESI, sous-ministre ARTS APPLIQUES AUX INDUSTRIES DE L\u2019AMEUBLEMENT Ecole du Meuble POUR TOUS RENSEIGNEMENTS S'ADRESSER AU DIRECTEUR JEAN-MARIE GAUVREAU 2020, RUE KIMBERLEY SECTION DE L\u2019ARTISANAT Cours de quatre années préparant les candidats à la création et à la réalisation.SECTION D'APPRENTISSAGE Cours de deux années (3° année facultative) préparant spécialement une main-d'oeuvre compétente.MATIÈRES ENSEIGNÉES Menuiserie d'art, Menuiserie en sièges, Ebénisterie, Garniture, Sculpture sur bois, Finition de tous genres, Technologie du bois, Dessin géométrique, Dessin à vue, Dessin de construction du meuble, Construction du meuble, Histoire de l'art et du meuble, Composition du meuble, Eléments de décoration, Notions de mécanique, de physique et d'électricité, Notions de comptabilité et d'opérations commerciales, Sociologie, Conférences spéciales, films éducationnels et visites industrielles.Un personnel compétent, expérimenté et dévoué assume l\u2019enseignement dans chaque spécialité.Téléphone HArbour 8026, Montréal COURS DU JOUR PROSPECTUS COURS DU SOIR SUR DEMANDE HARRAH MIR EPA iat at bER ENOL ELD TECHNIQUE COURS DE MENUISERIE, par E.Morgentaler Première partie + suppl.1 volume broché et cartonné prix: 1.00 Deuxième partie 1 volume broché et cartonné prix : 0.60 DIRECTION POUR L'ENSEIGNEMENT DES TRAVAUX MANUELS À L'ÉCOLE PRIMAIRE, par C.-J.Miller et Amédée Lussier prix : 0.50 NOTES DE TECHNOLOGIE DU BOIS, par Jean-Marie Gau- vreau, directeur de l'Ecole du Meuble.1 fascicule broché de 95 pages, prix : 0.25 DE L'ANGLAIS AU FRANÇAIS EN ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE par René Dupuis prix : 1.00 PRATIQUES STANDARDISÉES DANS LA CONSTRUCTION DES HABITATIONS, par E.Morgentaler prix : 0.15 ÉTUDE SUR LE FINI DE NOS BOIS, par J.-R.Alfred Legendre prix : 0.15 LEXIQUE DE MÉCANIQUE D'AJUSTAGE, par Lucien Nor- mandeau prix : 1.00 LEXIQUE DE MENUISERIE, par Emile Morgentaler broché prix : 0.40 relié en cuir souple prix: 1.00 L'USAGE DES BOIS DU QUEBEC DANS LA CONSTRUCTION MODERNE, par J.-R.Alfred Legendre prix : 0.15 PRODUCTION ET CIRCULATION DES BIENS, Rédigé en collaboration sous la direction de Jean Delorme prix : 0.15 VISITES INDUSTRIELLES, par Rosario Bélisle prix : 0.15 LES VITAMINES, par Louis P.Bouthillier prix : 0.15 LES NOUVEAUX GONIOMÈTRES PHOTOGRAPHIQUES DE L'ANALYSE CRISTALINE AUX RAYONS-X, par André- V.Wendling, prix : 0.15 COURS DE DESSIN INDUSTRIEL, par Georges Landreau édition revisée (19 leçons) prix: 1.90 CES PUBLICATIONS SONT EN VENTE AU BUREAU DE LA REVUE TECHNIQUE 59 ouest, rue Saint-Jacques BElair 2374 Montréal REV UE INDUSTRIELLE INDUSTRIAL REVIEW SOMMAIRE SEPTEMBRE 1940 SEPTEMBER SUMMARY 445 L'architecture nationale de la province de Québec E.Stucker 451 Notes for Prospective Home Builders K.V.Burkett 463 Les « Cinq » de la Maîtrise d'Arts vus à l'oeuvre Alfred Ayotte 468 Developments In Hot Water Heating Systems Lorne Wiggs 476 L'isolation thermique de maisons Maurice Fleury 479 Planning a Home George De Belle 484 Nomenclature des principaux bois de France et d'outre-mer 491 Shade Trees for City Homes J.Gordon Herron 498 Opinions et impressions d'un profane Aimé Marcoux 502 A Brighter Future for Jimmy Charles A.Morrison 507 Sending Pictures by Wire 508 Apprenez un métier Léon Pillière 511 Insurance for the Home Builder Redmond & Shaughnessy Ltd.515 Nouvelles des diplômés \u2014 Graduates\u2019 News 518 Bibliographie VOL.XV No 7 .» \u2019 ».+ a ots + + Imprimé à l'atelier d impri- « Technique » n'assume pas la responsabilité des articles publiés.: , : Les articles qui paraissent dans cette revue peuvent être reproduits en entier ou en partie, à condition merie de l'Ecole Technique de mentionner « Technique ».' de Montréal.Il sera fait un compte rendu des ouvrages dont un exemplaire parviendra à la direction de la revue « Technique ».= .: : * Technique\u201d does not necessarily endorse the views expressed by the authors of signed articles, Printed in the Department nor does it bind itself responsible for the unauthorized reproduction of essays appearing therein.of Printing at the Montreal Articles appearing in this review, or quotations therefrom, may be reprinted providing, of course full credit is given to Technique.\u201d Technical School.Credit will be duly given to those who gratify ** Technique\u201d with a copy of their works. LE QUEBEC EST PRIVILÉGIÉ ABONDANTE RESERVE DE FORCE MOTRICE AU SERVICE DE L'INDUSTRIE | Le Canada en guerre est heureusement en mesure de | 3 fournir en grande quantité les matières premières et les pro- | duits alimentaires.Au point de vue industriel le Canada | i est aussi outillé pour fabriquer nombre de produits qui tombent sous la désignation générale de matériel de guerre: L'accélération nécessaire de l'industrie soulève immédia- tement une grave question : « Sommes-nous en état de & ä faire face à la situation en puisant aux réserves d'énergie électrique, actuelles ou prochainement disponibles, de \u2019 4 façon à rendre possible un effort industriel plus intense?» ie § di 3 En ce qui concerne la Province de Québec, la réponse m0 est catégorique : « Oui ».3 Dans le territoire que dessert la Shawinigan Water and Power Company, l'excédent de force motrice, combiné | aux centrales en construction, assure un ample approvi- : sionnement a toutes les branches industrielles.Cette éner- 7 RTS?rT ERA Bg Ti gie électrique, qui se trouve à un endroit stratégique en ce qui a trait au transport par chemin de fer et par eau, i aux ressources naturelles et aux centres populeux et indus- | i triels, jouera sans aucun doute un rôle de plus en plus he important dans l'appui qu'apporte le Canada a la cause | i de la Grande-Bretagne.| 0e Il n'existe probablement pas d\u2019autre endroit au monde 1 où l'énergie hydro-électrique, en si grande quantité et à si ; bas prix, puisse être mise à la disposition des ports océa- : ë niques aussi rapidement que le permettent les grandes | tr x , fa rivières de Québec.+ vl r SHAWINIGAN | = ow | dar .Cf ITAA Oh STAI 9 CMontreal - gg Ny.I 3 SEPTEMBRE = 1940 = SEPTEMBER L'ARCHITECTURE NATIONALE DE LA PROVINCE DE QUÉBEC Considérations générales L'ARCHITECTURE est le miroir où se reflète l'idéal, la culture et la condition économique d\u2019un peuple, voire même du climat sous lequel il a vécu; c\u2019en est le témoin le plus véridique et le plus durable.F1G.1.\u2014 Maison type de la région de Québec.Connue sous le nom de « Maison Villeneuve », elle est habitée par la famille Omer l\u2019Heureux à Charlesbourg Ouest, près de Québec.Année de construction: 1680.L'égyptien spiritualiste et doux, rêvant d\u2019un bonheur à venir, a bâti des temples et des tombeaux.L'assyrien, épris de luttes, de victoires et de débauches, a élevé des forteresses et des palais.Rome et la Grèce, faisant habiter les dieux avec les hommes, aimant la vie, ont construit de grandes villes, des forums et des agoras.Toutefois il n\u2019y a pas que l'idéal et la culture qui dictent à un peuple la forme de ses monuments.Le sol aussi conditionne son architecture par la nature et l\u2019abondance des matériaux qu\u2019il met à sa disposition.La vallée du Nil manquant de bois, l\u2019égyptien éleva des forêts de colonnes en granit et des pyramides de grès.La Mésopotamie n\u2019a ni bois ni pierre.Aussi le voya- Par E.STUCKER DE LA SOCIÉTÉ HISTORIQUE DE MONTREAL geur moderne ne reconnaît l'emplacement de la grande Babylone que par les monticules d'argile boueuse, seuls vestiges des briques d\u2019agile et de paille hachée dont la ville était bâtie.Les sculpteurs grecs avaient entre les mains le marbre pentélique qui, à leur guise, épousait les formes et les grâces que leur dictait le génie.Même les circonstances climatériques imposent à l\u2019homme des conditions de lieu, de forme et de marétiau, selon les éléments contre lesquels son abri permanent doit le garantir.C\u2019est ainsi que dans les pays tropicaux les gens passent le jour à l\u2019ombre de l\u2019intérieur de leurs maisons, tandis qu\u2019ils montent à leurs plates-formes supérieures pour y dormir et jouir de la fraîcheur des nuits.Sous le cercle polaire, l\u2019esquimau doit se terrer dans son iglou de neige, tenant bien clos le trou à fleur de terre par où le froid pourrait le poursuivre à l\u2019intérieur.Culture et idéal des premiers colons de la Province de Québec Les premiers colons français qui vinrent s'établir au Canada furent des gens simples et modestes.La colonie lointaine avec ses hivers longs et rigoureux, ses forêts vierges et son « péril sauvage ), n\u2019attira ni les riches ni les nobles.C\u2019est un peuple robuste, dont chaque individu devait être artisan et soldat, qui vint coloniser la Nouvelle-France.À défaut de ceinture dorée et de cimier panaché, ils eurent de riches natures et de nobles cœurs.En venant de France, ils apportèrent avec eux trois trésors français entre tous, qui leur permirent de tenir le coup contre toutes les fortunes adverses.Dans une mesure exceptionnelle, tous, 445 À if September, 1940 hommes et femmes, eurent un courage héroïque, un goût sûr et plein de bon sens, enfin cette extraordinaire habileté manuelle qui fait des français de France et de ceux du Canada, la race la plus capable et la plus débrouillarde qui soit, race qui sait mettre de la grâce dans tous ses faits et gestes.Ils y vinrent également avec leurs cènnaissan- ces traditionnelles, leurs façons de vivre, leurs chansons et leurs légendes, aussi bien les méthodes de construction de leurs ancêtres.La plupart furent originaires des régions de la Picardie, de la Normandie et de la Loire.Dans ces provinces, l\u2019inspiration gothique dormait depuis un siècle, et les grâces savantes de la Renaissance ne s'étaient guère infiltrées dans l'esprit de la classe laborieuse.Ils importèrent donc avec eux les traditions que leur avaient léguées leurs aïeux pour la construction simple, solide et confortable.Peu embarassés qu\u2019ils furent par les conseils des architectes absents, ils étaient laissés entre les mains de leur propre conseil et n\u2019eurent cure de frapper le mondé par la pompe ou les excentricités de style.Aimant la vie et ses agréments, ils purent donner libre cours à leur penchant naturel qui se préoccupe du confort aimable et souriant, plein de bonhommie simple et franche.Esprits ingénieux et artisans habiles, ils ne laissèrent à personne le soin de leur façonner un chez eux.Œuvres de leur conception personnelle, ils voulurent fabriquer de leurs mains ces abris où ils rêvaient goûter le bien-être physique et moral.Sans le chercher, ils firent de leurs foyers la traduction de leur caractère et de leur idéal.Dans leur douce et transparente simplicité, ces foyers sont l\u2019expression vivante de la modestie franche et du souci manifeste d\u2019un bien-être durable, aussi bien pour l'occupant actuel B.BERNARD D.TREMBLAY Licenciés en vertu de la loi des agents de recouvrement Corporation générale de recouvrement et de crédit PERCEPTION de comptes ACHATS de créances Garantie de $5,000 10 ouest, rue Saint-Jacques - PLateau 3011 446 TECHNIQUE que pour les nombreuses générations qu\u2019elles abriteront.Facteurs matériels qui ont conditionné l'architecture nationale du Québec.Il ne faut pas oublier que c\u2019est en pleine forêt que nos ancêtres mirent pied à terre.Pour se faire une place au soleil canadien, ils eurent à disputer le terrain autant aux géants des bois qu\u2019 aux guerriers rouges.Aucune carrière n\u2019était ouverte et on n\u2019avait pas apporté de chaux par les premiers bateaux.Force fut donc aux premiers occupants d\u2019aller au plus pressé et de bâtir avec du bois, le premier matériau que le sol leur offrait.Pourtant ils eurent hâte de construire F1c.2.\u2014 Maison type de la région de Montréal transplantée à la campagne.Habitée par la famille Aurèle Marcil à Saint-Luc, P.Q.des maisons comme celles qu\u2019ils avaient habitées longtemps dans le lointain chez eux, des maisons de pierre.Il appartint aux PP.Récollets d'établir le premier four à chaux du pays, en 1620.C\u2019est qu'ils voulurent cette année-là construire leur monastère de pierre à Sainte-Croix, à une demi-lieu de la première « abitation » de Champlain qui était de bois.Avant de reconduire sa jeune épouse en France, en 1624, le fondateur de Québec avait presque fini de construire sa seconde « abitation », non de bois comme la première, mais de pierre.À son tour, le Père Massé, jésuite, en bâtit une à Sillery en 1638 et on l'y admire encore aujourd\u2019hui.Elle est considérée comme la plus vieille de toutes celles que les premiers européens ont bâties dans l'Amérique du Nord.C\u2019est la seule qui peut être regardée comme de la première génération.Les autres vieilles maisons, échelonnées le long du fleuve, sont tout au plus de la troisième.Les premières maisons de pierre du pays ne furent pas bâties avec des pierres sortant -.- - TEN.BY Tv +» =\u2014\u2014\u201c \u2014 yy 9 = ee a?SD Ty |, wl = cD \u2014 x» o_o \u2014_\u2014-\" | BN ee fe TECHNIQUE d\u2019une carrière.En examinant aujourd'hui ces vieux murs, on constate qu\u2019on les élevait avec les pierres éparses qu\u2019on pouvait trouver partout dans les champs.C\u2019étaient donc des pierres plutôt cubiques et aux angles arrondis.Dans la suite on s\u2019appliqua à trouver des pierres plus plates, les prenant dans des carrières naturelles à fleur du sol d\u2019où on les levait par lits superposés.Ces pierres des champs étaient littéralement noyées dans une masse de mortier, sauf qu\u2019on prenait la précaution d\u2019en laisser paraître à l'extérieur la face la plus saillante.Pour les coins, on avait soin de choisir des pierres longues, pénétrant le plus loin possible dans les deux murs faisant angle.Les pierres de taille formant les diverses em- F1G.3.\u2014 Maison type de la valée de l\u2019Ottawa.brasures, avaient des longueurs et des profondeurs variées.Le mortier employé par nos ancêtres mérite qu\u2019 on s\u2019y arrête pour remarquer le souci qu \u2018ils avaient de faire moins vite, mais mieux que nous.N'est-il pas admirable de voir la résistance que présentent encore aujourd'hui ces vieux murs de pierre et de mortier élevés il y a plus de deux cents ans?La maison du P.Massé à Sillery; la maison Hurtubise à Montréal et le Château de Ramezay sont deux fois séculaires, mais ils verront probablement tomber bien des édifices qu\u2019on élève aujourd\u2019hui, avant de tomber eux-mêmes.Dans le siècle où nous vivons on est trop pressé et pas assez sérieux pour faire et se servir d\u2019un mortier selon la recette de nos aïeux.Après avoir éteint la chaux, ils la laissaient en quelque sorte mûrir pendant plusieurs mois dans le sol qui lui communiquait la durabilité que la nôtre ne peut communiquer au mortier moderne.Facteurs climatériques qui ont influencé notre architecture québécoise.Le sol québécois a offert à nos aïeux le Septembre 1940 matériau pour la construction de leurs maisons.Les conditions climatériques de la province leur en ont suggéré les plans et les devis.C\u2019est le climat continental, donc sévère, qui règne dans le Québec.En hiver il y fait très froid; en été, très chaud.Hommes de bon sens et ne visant qu\u2019au plus pratique, nos ancêtres eurent donc recours aux isolants mauvais conducteurs pour se défendre contre les rigueurs de l'hiver et les ardeurs de l'été.Ils montèrent « le carré » en pierre et en mortier, ne ménageant ni l\u2019un ni l'autre.S'ils ont donné aux murs de leurs maisons la solidité de ceux d\u2019une petite forteresse où ils se sentirent en sécurité contre le Guerrier Rouge, ils ont calculé aussi qu\u2019une forte épaisseur les rendrait impénétrables aux rigueurs climatériques.Dans la plupart de nos vieilles maisons de pierre, les murs ont une épaisseur de trois pieds et plus.Aussi en été ces maisons gardent à l\u2019intérieur une fraîcheur délicieuse et en hiver elles sont faciles à chauffer.Le même souci du pratique leur a fait éviter les tuiles.Ils auraient pu en fabriquer puisque Champlain a trouvé si facile de fabriquer des briques sur la rive déserte en face de la future Place Royale de Montréal.Ils savaient qu\u2019à une faible épaisseur le bois est meilleur isolant que la tuile; ils couvrirent donc leurs toits avec des bardeaux de cèdre.Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019en 1678 que fut introduite la tôle et employée en certaines circonstances pour parer aux dangers d'incendie.Dans « le carré » de maçonnerie les ouvertures étaient ménagées quant à leur nombre et quant à leurs proportions.Souvent la porte unique donnait sur les terres, comme si la maisonnée boudait avec le monde et n\u2019avait d\u2019égards que pour Dame Nature.Les fenêtres aux petits carreaux rectangulaires étaient rares, presque carrées Bois et matériaux de construction, Manufacturier de planchers de bois franc, Ateliers de menuiserie en générale.Succursales à Montréal et à Lachine J.-P.DUPUIS, Limitée 1084, ave de l'Eglise, Verdun, P.Q.Téléphone : YOrk 0928* IY Ne: Ni i 447 September, 1940 et petites, protégées par des contre-vents de fer.La rareté et l\u2019exiguïté de ces ouvertures étaient calculées à défendre l'entrée aux éléments ennemis.Le toit de la maison québécoise est à pignon.Cette forme n'avait pas seulement pour but de favoriser l'aspect estétique de la maison ; pas non plus pour lui donner cet air de poule qui protège sa nombreuse couvée.C'était premièrement pour faciliter l\u2019écoulement des pluies, la fonte et le glissement des neiges sur les deux pans à pic.Mais cette forme de cloche qu'affectent nos maisons québécoises, avec leurs galeries en avant et en arrière ?Encore ici on n\u2019a pas cherché tout d\u2019abord ce pittoresque serein et charmant qui captive tant le touriste de l'extérieur.C\u2019est plutôt un autre tribut que, dans notre beau Québec, on paie au grand soleil qui ne nous ménage pas ses traits ardents pendant l'été.Il est vrai que les murs épais et les fenêtres aveuglées du salon, y gardent une belle fraîcheur pendant l\u2019été.Mais on y est caserné suffisamment pendant les longs hivers.Pendant la belle saison, on aime l'air libre, les espaces à perte de vue et la belle lumière de l'extérieur.Le problème a trouvé sa solution dans les galeries.Celle d\u2019en arrière sera une décharge de la cuisine; celle d\u2019en avant, une annexe au salon.Leur plancher est soutenu par les solives prolongées du plancher intérieur.Le prolongement du toit de la maison forme le toit des galeries.Mais si le toit était prolongé en ligne droite, le bord inférieur serait trop bas et obstruerait trop les fenêtres.C'est pour obvier à cet inconvéniant qu\u2019on a donné au rebord du toit couvrant les galeries, le galbe gracieux du rebord d'une robe de cloche.C\u2019est cet encorbellement du toit, portant sur les colonnes de la galerie, qui donne à nos maisonnettes du Québec cet air de bonnet de CODÈRE, LIMITÉE QUINCAILLERIE ET FERRONNERIE 18 nord, rue Wellington SHERBROOKE, QUE.448 TECHNIQUE Hollande, si caractéristique et si charmant.Sur ces galeries, à l'ombre et au grand air, la jeunesse conte longuement fleurette.Pendant la semaine, les « créatures » y cousent et les vétérans du sol y bercent leurs vieux jours.C\u2019est encore ici que, les longs après- midi de dimanches, on tient les assises du parlement.familial, tout en se berçant en chœur.La galerie des maisons québécoises, c\u2019est réellement le salon d\u2019été où la maisonnée non seulement se délasse à l\u2019ombre et .au grand air, mais où aussi elle salue les passants et reçoit les voisins.Ces galeries, chargées de fleurs et de monde, ajoutent une autre note typique à nos maisons grises.Fic.4, \u2014 L\u2019encorbellement du toit forme la couverture des galeries et donne au toit lui-même une vague silhouette de cloche.Trois genres de maisons québécoises : celle de la région de Québec, celle de la région de Montréal et celle de la vallée de l'Ottawa.Toutes nos maisons québécoises ont de commun le « carré » maçonnerie et le toit en pignon.Ce qui les différencie, c\u2019est la hauteur du toit, la place et le nombre des cheminées, les galeries et le sous-sol.La maison de la région de Québec affecte vaguement la forme allongée d\u2019un bateau portant un mât central.Sa longueur a généralement le double de sa largeur parce que le rez-de-chaussée se compose de deux pièces carrées contiguës.Son grand toit à pic a plus de hauteur que son carré de maçonnerie.Parfois cette maçonnerie des murs d'extrémité monte jusqu\u2019au faîte; mais c\u2019est plutôt rare.Plus souvent les extrémités perpendiculaires ne sont que de bois à partir du « carré » jusqu\u2019au faite.Le toit des grandes maisons a des extrémités inclinées dont la rencontre au faîte avec les grands pans est surmontée d\u2019un épi.Le foyer intérieur étant établi au centre de la maison pour que la chaleur se distribue facilement dans toutes les directions, la | | TECHNIQUE cheminée unique de pierre sort du milieu du faîte.Ceux qui voulaient se piquer d\u2019être plus à l'aise et laisser entendre qu\u2019ils avaient le moyen d'entretenir plusieurs foyers, se posaient deux « fausses cheminées » de bois, une sur chaque extrémité du faite.L'\u2019intérieur ne comportait aucun mur, mais les solives transversales étaient soutenues à leur milieu par la grosse « poutre qui a porté les générations », car la jeunesse couchait en haut, tandis que les parents reposaient sous un « ciel » en bas.Les premières maisons de la région de Québec n\u2019avaient pas de galeries et le rez-de-chaussée était pres- qu\u2019à fleur de terre.La maison Villeneuve, Gh: F1G.5.\u2014Quoi de plus gracieux que cette maison « dernier cri » avec tout le charme de nos maisons antiques! a Charlesbourg, est considérée comme le type le plus parfait dans cette catégorie.La maison de la région de Montréal se ressent des conditions d\u2019une agglomération.C\u2019est la maison de ville pour laquelle on croît que le Château de Ramezay a donné le ton.Dans une ville l\u2019espace doit être calculé.Comme on ne pouvait permettre à chacun de bâtir le long de la rue la Maison Longue de la région de Québec, force fut de bâtir sur une profondeur de deux pièces, le droit d\u2019avoir « pignon sur rue » devenant un privilège.La maison de Montréal est donc plutôt carrée, étant divisée à l\u2019intérieur en quatre pièces pourvue chacune d\u2019un foyer dans le mur extrême.On voit donc sur ces maisons deux grosses cheminées jumelles au sommet de chaque mur extrême.Des maisons étant disposées en « blocs » le long des rues, le feu de l\u2019une peut se communiquer facilement à la voisine, sautant d\u2019un toit sur l\u2019autre.Pour parer à ce danger, on a prolongé la hauteur des murs extrêmes d\u2019environ un pied.Ce petit parapet constitue un coupe-feu.Le bas de ces coupe-feux semble reposer sur une grosse pierre de taille nommée « corbeau ».Septembre 1940 Dans les campagnes de la région de Québec, les gens ne se tiennent pas souvent sous les gouttières.La neige, glissant du toit à pic, ne peut donc pas causer des accidents fréquents.Il en est autrement dans les villes où les piétons passent sur les trottoirs frôlant les maisons.Donner à celles-ci des toits à pic, serait exposer les passants à des avalanches fréquentes.Le toit de la maison de Montréal n\u2019a donc qu'une pente d'à peine 45 degrés.On peut encore voir plus d'une avec lepare-avalanche réglementaire imposé pendant le siècle dernier pour obvier à tout glissement possible.Lorsque la maison de ville est transportée en dehors de Montréal, le rez-de-chaussée est surélevé par un sous-sol de cinq à sept pieds.Cela le dégage des neiges de l'hiver qui, à la campagne, ne sont pas toujours enlevées par un service public comme en ville.Ce sous-sol constitue aussi un local très commode pour remiser les instruments aratoires, les légumes ou même le bois et le charbon pour le système de chauffage de la maison.La maison de la vallée de l\u2019'Ottawa a cette particularité que sa galerie surélevée avec sa couverture font le tour de toute la maison! Le toit est à quatre pans et la cheminée unique de chaque mur extrême s'élève du « carré » jusqu\u2019à la kauteur du faite.Les gens de cette région ont pris modèle sur les Postes que la Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson avait fait établir le long de la rivière.Aujourd'hui on revient à notre style national québécois.Les travaux de recherches de M.Ramsay Traquair, professeur d'architecture à l\u2019Université McGill, ainsi que ceux non moins érudits de M.Marius Barbeau, ont puissamment contribué à mettre en lumière et RE RR rr K&E MATERIEL DE DESSINATEURS ET D'INGÉNIEURS - NIVEAUX - TRANSITS - MIRES - RÈGLES A CALCULS Recommandés par les ingénieurs depuis plus de 70 ans.KEUFFEL & ESSER CO.y 7-9 ouest, rue Notre-Dame Montréal 449 sé vou me =r a RS I LT rimes Le Ecrire tnt Ea ne a pd ia September, 1940 à faire valoir les mérites techniques, artistiques, économiques et pittoresques de notre architecture nationale québécoise.Nos vieilles maisons grises sont, on ne peut plus, de leur temps et du pays.Matériellement et techniquement elles sont l'image de la droiture et de l'honnêteté.N'ayant leur prototype exact nulle part, elles sont une évolution et une adaptation d\u2019un type vigoureux de France.Elles sont réellement nées du sol québécois.Elles ont un air, une physionomie et un sentiment qui leur sont propres.La province de Québec peut se vanter d'être le seul état dans l'Amérique du Nord pour avoir une architecture nationale conditionnée par les facteurs du sol et du climat, et adaptée aux conditions et aux besoins locaux.Si le génie qui a donné naissance à une architecture si pleine de bon sens et de pittoresque charmant a paru assoupi depuis trois-quarts de siècle, il ne se pouvait qu'il se fût éteint.D'heureux indices révèlent qu\u2019il est en train de secouer son sommeil pour reprendre une vie nouvelle et à la page.Chose curieuse, c'est dans les quartiers choisis, nouvellement ouverts à la cons- Le chauffeur automatique « VOLCANO » vous assure le confort d\u2019une chaleur abondante, automatiquement contrôlée, diminue votre travail, et réduit le coût de votre chauffage.Qu'il s'agisse d\u2019un modèle industriel, commercial ou domestique, demandez-nous des renseignements que nous vous fournirons sans aucune obligation de votre part.CHALIFOUX & FILS, LTÉE Usine à Saint-Hyacinthe 1106, CÔTE BEAVER HALL Tél.PL.8531 MONTRÉAL TECHNIQUE truction domiciliaire, et destinés aux belles maisons séparées, qu'on peut voir les plus beaux types de maisons neuves, bâties en style québécois.Ce mouvement s\u2019est d\u2019abord manifesté par un arrêt dans la campagne de démolition qui s'était acharnée pendant de trop longues années à jeter par terre ces reliques nationales auxquelles sont attachés tant de lambeaux de notre histoire.On est arrivé à faire mieux.Au lieu de mettre la cognée et le feu à celles qui restaient, on les a restaurées et modernisées, tout en leur laissant leur cachet propre extérieur.Le long du boulevard Gouin est, à Montréal, on peut en voir des spécimens superbes.F1G.6.\u2014Quel pittoresque dans les grâces anciennes adaptées aux exigences de cette maison moderne! Aujourd'hui c\u2019est un franc retour, dans la construction moderne, à la maison de nos aïeux.L'engoûment du moderne pour les lignes sévères, trouve son compte dans le fonctionalisme de l\u2019architecture québécoise où rien n\u2019est pour simple décoration, mais où chaque partie a une fonction.Tout en donnant à l'extérieur la physionomie simple, maternelle et pittoresque de la maison antique, l'intérieur est aménagé avec les matériaux, les installations et le confort exigés par la vie moderne.Souhaitons que ceux qui ont prêché d\u2019exemple dans cet heureux mouvement trouvent de nombreux admirateurs et que de plus en plus on bâtira chez nous de ces maisons québécoises solides, spacieuses, confortables et pittoresques.Les fers des chevaux ne pourront bientôt plus s'appeler ainsi, car ils sont faits de caoutchouc dans plusieurs pays ; ces nouveaux fers ne font aucun bruit et empêchent le cheval de glisser.En 1839, la poste anglaise a transporté quatre- vingt-trois millions de lettres ou colis-postaux ; en 1935, ces transports se sont chiffrés par six milliards et sept cent cinquante millions. NOTES FOR PROSPECTIVE HOME BUILDERS PART Il ||.I repeat emphatically that I consider the average contractor to be honest and reliable, the writer knows that \u201c\u2018Extras\u2019\u2019 make up a good percentage of the cost of most jobs.These extras consist of items which have been overlooked when drawing up the contract and which are later found to be necessary or desirable.Unless they are of such a nature that the house could not be considered to be complete without them, the contractor will be quite within his rights in making an extra charge for including them at your request after the contract has been signed.As a typical example, gne owner overlooked showing in his plans a very necessary light over the back door with the associated switch to operate it from inside the house.This was discovered after the house was half completed and was installed as an \u201cExtra\u201d to the contract.For this reason, and in order to help to avoid \u2018\u2018extras\u201d\u2019 insofar as avoidance is possible, the following notes are offered in connection with the various phases of the work.At this point it might be well to note that it is not sufficient to \u2018\u2018agree\u2019\u2019 on certain types of materials or certain things that are to be done or incorporated in the building.It is infinitely more business-like and far more satisfactory in the long run to write it down and have it properly included in the contract.Notes should be made of everything decided on and one copy of such notes given to the contractor.The best plan is to go over the whole project with the contractor and have a set of notes typed in triplicate to form the basis of your contract.Each page of such notes should be signed by the owner and by the contractor so that there cannot possibly be any disagreement as to whether or not a certain item was included.: By K.V.BURKETT GRADUATE, MONTREAL TECHNICAL SCHOOL PRESIDENT, QUEBEC CORPORATION OF TECHNICIANS ENGINEER, NORTHERN ELECTRIC COMPANY LTD.Excavation and Foundation The contract should state that the contractor will be fully responsible for and shall fully protect the owner from all claims for damages to persons or property resulting from the work executed under the contract.That all work will be executed in strict accordance with local building regulations and that the contractor will place all necessary guards, warning lights and signals for the protection of passers-by.That the contractor will pay for all permits or ot'ier fees required by the proper authorities governing such matters.That no concrete shall be poured on soft or otherwise insecure bottoms.The words \u201cIn accordance with best established practices\u201d may be used freely and this statement should be discussed with the contractor before signing the contract with a view to definitely establishing the fact that he understands fully what is intended by that statement.That the mix used, t-e steel reinforcing bars used, and the size of all footings, walls and beams will be such as to conform with the best practices and result in a permanent and satisfactory job.That all necessary drains and drain pipes will be installed where required.In this connection it is well to note that the caps or other openings to such drains should be of a material that will not rust or stick.It should also be stipulated that all drains directly connected to the sewer should be back-vented in such a way as to prevent any odors arising therefrom.That the footings, floors and walls of the basement and the joints between them will be of such material and construction and will be so drained as to absolutely guarantee a dry basement.This point cannot be over- 451 September, 1940 emphasized.Regardless of any promises that the contractor may make, the contract should clearly stipulate that the contractor guarantees you a dry basement and that he will, at his own expense and at the owner\u2019s request, promptly take steps to remedy any defect that may appear in this connection.The writer firmly believes that in offering this caution, he fully justifies the cost of these notes as there is nothing that will give more trouble and be a greater source of annoyance than a wet basement.Various methods are in vogue for attaining this end, depending on the nature of the ground.In some cases no special precautions are necessary.In other cases a twelve- inch layer of stone at the bottom of the backfill will produce satisfactory results.In still other cases where the ground is low lying it may be necessary to install a tile drain completely around the house and connect this drain to the sewer.In any event, it is strongly recommended that the owner refrain from specifying the materials to be used or the methods to be adopted in attaining the desired end.The owner should TECHNIQUE contract to buy the desired result and let the contractor, on his own responsibility, decide how to produce that result.The footings should, of course, be below the frost level of the ground on which the building is located.In addition, if the garage happens to be on the basement floor level there should be a footing under the door sill extending below the frost level so that there will be no possibility of it heaving with the frost, thus causing the doors to stick.This is an important point and should not be neglected.Concrete slab should be laid over the furnace room and over the garage if it is in the basement.If this concrete slab occupies more than 50 percent of the ground floor space, it might be advisable to have it cover the whole of the basement to avoid any possible difference in floor levels due to future settling or working of the house.If the basement is to be sub-divided into rooms, it might be as well to have the dividing walls constructed of concrete building block.In any event, such a wall should be built around the furnace room and SHAWINIGAN TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOUNDED IN 1912 By Mr.J.E.ALDRED, President of Shawinigan Water & Power Co.Under the guidance of a Committee of Management composed of the Managers of the Local Industrial Corporations, Subsidized by the Local Industries, Provincial Government and the City of Shawinigan Falls DAY CLASSES 1.Regular four-year Technical Course, the final year the equivalent of Senior Matriculation.2.Trade Courses for students without sufficient preparation to follow course Number 1.NIGHT CLASSES Course in Machine Shop Practice, Carpentry, Oxy-acety- lene Welding, Chemistry, Electricity, Drafting, Mathematics, Industrial English, Stenography, Sewing, Book-keep- ing and Cost Accounting.FOR FURTHER INFORMATION APPLY TO SHAWINIGAN TECHNICAL INSTITUTE SHAWINIGAN FALLS, QUE.452 TECHNIQUE around the garage if it is to be in the basement.The inside face of basement walls should have wood nailing strips placed therein so as to facilitate the work of finishing these walls with wallboard or similar material if required at a later date.Such nailing strips will also be found convenient for supporting cupboards or shelves against the walls if these are found desirable.The water, sewer, gas and any other services should be brought into the building in an obscure corner so as to avoid spoiling the appearance of the basement room that may be equipped at a later date.The basement floor layout should be planned with as much care as would be taken by any other floor of the house.The ground under the basement floors should be properly levelled and firmed and covered with a layer of crushed stone to a thickness of approximately three or four inches, followed by a layer of not less than four inches of concrete.For best results this should be followed by a plaster of smooth cement.Drains should be installed in the floor wherever they would seem necessary ; we would suggest one in the laundry room, one in the furnace room, and one in the garage.In addition, if there are any outside doors, such as from the garage, leading directly into the basement, a drain should be installed just outside the door.A small room, about 4\u2019 x 6\u2019, should be set aside in the basement to serve as a cold storage room.This room should have an opening to the outside air equipped with some means of controlling the temperature of the room during the winter season.Such a room will be found to be a great convenience and will provide a ready means of keeping vegetables and other perishables during the winter season.It is strongly recommended that such a room be planned under the front door steps.Under such circumstances, the steps will be made of concrete and form part of the foundation walls.Make sure that sufficient head room is allowed for in the basement, particularly if the house is air-conditioned, because of the ducts.Care should be taken to see that the sills of the basement windows are above the outside ground level.Despite any guarantee that may be given to the effect that the basement will be dry, it is suggested that installing wood flooring or other extensive woodwork in the basement be delayed until after the house Septembre 1940 is at least a year old, as new concrete walls and floors are almost sure to be damp for a considerable period after they have been poured.The pitch on the outside of the foundation walls should be carefully applied and it is suggested that too little attention has been paid in the past to this very important item of water-proofing the foundation walls.Framing and Masonry It is not advisable to undertake to specify the size and kind of joists, rafters, beams, etc., that should be used in building a house, nor is it advisable to specify the spacing of such framing materials.Full protection will be assured by specifying that \u201cAll joists, beams, girders, rafters, studdings and other framing materials shall be of such material and so installed as to be in keeping with the best accepted practices.\u201d In the case of brick, concrete block or building stone, it is perhaps advisable to specify the kind and quality of materials to be used, providing proper care is taken to become familiar with the various materials on the market beforehand.Where a particular material is specified, a clause should be inserted to the effect that no substitution shall be made except with your written permission.If a stucco house is planned, it might be well to consider the advisability of a stone front with stone trim around the windows.Another thought to keep in mind is the fact that maintenance can be reduced greatly by keeping outside woodwork at a minimum.When stucco is used, have the contract specify that the first coat of stucco shall be waterproof.Machines construites suivant devis \u2014 Rectification de cylindres \u2014 Atelier de réparations générales \u2014 Soudure \u2014 Matrices MACHINES WORKS LIMITED 1006, rue Saint-Alexandre Tél.MArquette 6244 MONTREAL 453 September, 1940 Roof and Roofing Materials The colourful new roofs on modern cottages, such as can be seen on the newer homes in Hampstead and Mount Royal for example, are asphalt shingled roofs.The engineering staff of the leading roof manufacturers will gladly supply you with information which will assist in specifying just what materials (including sheet metal flashings) should be used and how they should be applied.A written guarantee should be received from the contractor covering a period of at least ten years.It is suggested that this guarantee be obtained from the contractor and not from the roofing sub-contractor.After all, the contractor is the man who is responsible to the owner.Let him get from the sub-contractor any guarantees he may consider necessary for his own protecton.Carpentry The specification should clearly stipulate the kind and quality of wood to be used in the floors and in the trim.It is recommended that No.1 oak flooring be used downstairs; with either oak or some suitably matching wood, such as chestnut or ash, for the trim.Although oak floors throughout are preferable, No.1 birch makes satisfactory floors for the upstairs rooms and halls.It is customary to use pine trim in the bedrooms, painted and enamelled.We would suggest that some thought be given to the advisability of having curtain boxes installed in the living room and dining room.If these are desired, they should be included in the specifications with definite instructions as to the kind of wood to be used.It might be advisable to have the curtain boxes made of the material to match the trim, although pleasing effects may be obtained by having them Monotype + Hand (Composition TYPOGRAPHIC CRAFTSMEN LIMITED + I niertype 455 Craig Street West - Montreal LAncaster 1604 - 3390 454 TECHNIQUE made of pine, painted to match the walls.The main stairs from the first to second floor should be made of material to match the downstairs floors.Care should be taken to specify the width of the tread required, as a narrow tread is objectionable.The living room mantel (if there is to be a fireplace) should be made of material to match the living room trim.The height and the width of the mantel should be specified.A sketch of the fireplace should form part of the specification and contract, but at the time the contract is signed the right may be reserved to submit a suitable design at a later date.The height of the bannister on the second floor should be specified, as the standard height is approximately thirty- four inches and when there are small children in the home, thirty-eight inches is preferable.The thickness of all doors should be stated (check up in some modern well built houses you know) and details given of the style of all doors to be supplied.If the trim in the kitchen is different from that in other rooms having doors leading to the kitchen, such doors should be supplied \u2018with contrasting panels to match both rooms.Bends in stairs should be at a minimum.Unless there is space to provide for a wide sweeping bend, straight stairs with no bends should be planned.Landings may be used where bends are necessary.The need for a medicine cabinet, and ironing board and any similar items that you may require should be stated in the contract.It is suggested that the medicine cabinet and ironing board be of the inset type if possible, as they take up less space and have a better appearance.The type of windows to be installed should also be carefully considered.Casement windows will give more light for an equivalent amount of space but are more draughty.In addition some trouble due to warping, etc., may be experienced, although this latter difficulty may be overcome by the use of steel frames and sash.The specifications should also call for storm windows and at least one bronze screen for each window opening.Careful thought should be given to the quantity and design of kitchen cupboards.Care should be taken to avoid having the upper cupboards too high and to avoid having drawers installed above eye level.The height of the kitchen work bench TECHNIQUE should be carefully considered and toe space at the bottom of the work bench should be specified.Another important item in this connection is the work bench top.Among the suitable materials for this purpose are tile, linoleum, sheet rubber and some of the newer laminated bakelite materials.Tile will chip, linoleum and sheet rubber will scratch and bakelite will fade.The joints between the wall at the rear of work bench and the work bench top should be waterproof and also the joint between the work bench top and the sink.Air circulation holes should be drilled in the top and bottom of the woodwork of the cupboard directly beneath the kitchen sink.It might be well to provide for the installation of a clothes line pole at some suitable point in the back yard and also some means of fastening the clothes line at the house end.A firm support about two feet high, for the future erection of an aerial mast on the roof, should be included in te contract.Among the refinements which are gaining \u2018in favor are such things as built-in china cabinets in the dining room, a recess for buffet in the dining room, a built-in cedar cupboard in the main bedroom or linen cupboard and a built-in dresser in small bedroom.The building of a dust-proof coal bin should be included in the specification and it may be desirable to build the coal bin only four and a half or five feet high and put a complete top on it.This space between the top of the coal bin and the ceiling is an ideal place for storm windows and screens.It cannot be too strongly urged that a careful study of the subject of tnsulation be made.A booklet entitled Insulation for the Home is available from the Dominion Government free of charge.The use of good insulation, properly applied, will be an investment that will bring real comfort and a definite fuel saving.It is sound advice to stretch a point and spend more than you may have at first intended for a good insulating job.A first class weather-stuffing job, using phosphor bronze material on every door and window, is another absolute necessity for comfort and fuel saving.Plastering Accurate information on the subject of plastering as applied to walls may be Forano *'V'' Belt Drives are composed of Sheaves well designed, made with best material and machined in accordance with latest technical data, ensuring long and satisfac- _ Ia A tory life of Belts.Please ~Hf{{ &7 3 submit your problems | to our Engineering Department.Forano Speed Reducers and Increasers are equipped with Sykes Generated Double Helical Gears and best Roller Bearings.Hundreds are in operation from coast to coast giving satistaction.Let us solve your problems.THE PLESOIGVILLE FOUNDRY 1075 Beaver Hall Hill MONTREAL, P.Q.MAKERS OF FORANO PRODUCTS SINCE 1873 Septembre 1940 Forano Cut Tooth Gears (Herringbone and Spur) are made with best material to suit conditions and properly machined.We want to prove ourselves and we solicit your en- guiries.No.1267 , Lo Ll 27, on = tomy oo = ct po cr \u2026 rn a Gn rian yaad Soo oi i cz ci : - xy xr % i = Li = 4 = = = 5 2 So cn fu Rg gir, x 2 bi te = Vii \u201c7 = BA ght 7 ae se is 5.2 25 5 2 = = SA i a a = = = 3 3 se a= = se 2 = = 5 iF iE pi 0 Be Fi #2 = Es £ x > .HW iE se = se se 3 i Ri = fc So 2 = 5 > 5 Se i i = i a ce 4 i & se Sensi od 3% a Conveni = Sh = ; Ë 9 t Gi = i pe Ni ER 5% a .SR a = ee > a Sh 5 a x = > 5 a a i A = = ss = © = Soh .ace a.aa se 5, 2e ive a - - wo Ha wk Ri + a 9 .i sou Rie i 5e 5 ° se » on 1 # = = is N Sr hy GE 4 a = 980 St SO a a @ i .5 Si : x > AS ee a Ce EE Sa = 0 Hd sg # caxapun FalrD Ho 5 33 = = 5 $ = # Zi x once = £3 FE = Antoi A ss 5 is is Sa Bee x Bin ce $ se .\u201c 53 5 à à .Li © rene or a * = = = A 2 5 i il = , = = a 2 anks a \"Se 3D ne Street We a 3 i as ce 0 5 > 4 * 5 a ss = £2 S > a5 2 ie = 3 ee he .© = Re 3 5 Brown & Sharpe A + SA, ght Type Mi 9 san Easy to handle.3 5 3 5 en .SN .11 a e Ry NE a 1 = y 4 Montreal a i a aN 8 N 25 >.8, = ap Sh Se = 2 5 ee.= a Morse a = en = Sh = = A = Ke a = = tx = = fo = = #5 = = 9 £35 ee Ss = es CE = = = >.2 a So = a Bis 5 - vo = 5 se = as 2 .x Limited 5 Modernind ng Mach .3 i ence and Accuracy \u2014 SE a & COMPANY e = = .= 5 aN .4s e = 23 = = & 2 \u20ac = y .i ce = 2 se a 3 2 ASK FOR LITERATURE SHOWING THEIR MANY FEATURES esign Sa a ines a = à ¥ =.fl i = = W ce = = = .\u2014 - 23 \u2014\u2014 \u2014o = = 85 cn We où pr ac bol fo al sii id = = TECHNIQUE obtained from any of the larger companies which supply lime.Full instructions will probably be sent but in any event care should be taken to specify metal lath for all interior corners and metal corner beads for all plaster reveals.This should apply to both walls and ceilings.All plaster work should be carried out in accordance with best current standard practices and the plasterer should be obliged to make good all unsatisfactory work within a given period, this being, usually, one year from the date of acceptance.A suitable cornice should be selected for the living room and dining room at least and in any other locations that may be deemed advisable at the time the contract is signed.The right may be retained to give details of the cornice later.If any of the walls are to be textured, the plaster to be textured should be applied in addition to the regular coats.Full information on this subject can also be procured from the lime suppliers referred to above.During the first year after completion of the new home, plaster cracks will develop and these should not cause any unnecessary worry but it is important to have the contract stipulate that these cracks will be repaired at the end of the first yeat at the expense of the contractor.This repair work must also include redecorating the repaired cracks to match the colour of the adjacent wall.Tile Work The kind and quality of tiles to be supplied in the bathroom floor and walls, the vestibule, and the fireplace hearth, should be decided on before the specification is prepared.It is advisable to specify matching cove base with internal and external angles where required for the vestibule as these greatly facilitate the work of cleaning.It might be well to specify also the same treatment for the bathroom.If any soap holders, towel racks and so forth are to be set into the bathroom tile work, the colour, quantity and location of such details should be given in the specification.Written guarantee should be demanded which will cover the perfect condition of all tile work for a given period after acceptance of the work.Tile is recommended for the bathroom walls as well as the floor.Septembre 1940 Modernite may also be used for bathroom walls.: Glazing The weight and quality of glass to be used should be specified.In all cases where any semi-transparent glasses, such as might be used for the hall door, bathroom window or similar locations are to be used, the type required and the location in which it is to be installed should be stated.A description of the size and quality of glass to be used in the medicine cabinet mirror should be given.The statement should be included that all work under this division be done in accordance with the best practices and that the contractor shall, at the completion of the job, thoroughly clean and polish all glass and leave the same in perfect condition.Small coloured glass windows, one on each side of the fireplace, add greatly to the appearance of the living room.When coloured glass is used, be sure the contract specifies that the owner may select a suitable design without any additional charge at a later date if the design has not been selected before signing contract.Electrical Work It is important to include a statement to the effect that all work done under this division be in accordance with the rules and regulations covering such work, and that, at the completion of the work the contractor will supply a certificate from the Board of Examiners testifying to the fact that the installation has been examined and has been approved.The wiring and fuse panel should be of DIAMOND'GRIT \u201cIMPROVED PROCESS\u201d 3RASIVES Last Longer > ds, > to, 7\" quanity BB % DIAMOND GRIT + Cut Faster Nas, SERVICE LÉ Be.2 NF Save Money Send for Free Samples to CANADA SAND PAPERS Limited Preston, Canada REPRESENTATIVES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES 457 September, 1940 sufficient capacity to meet all future requirements including additional house wiring, electric iron, electric toaster, electric stove, electric hot water heater and electric tools for a basement workshop.À note should be included stating that all wiring must be concealed except in the basement where approved metal conduit or its equivalent may be used.A suitable location for the meter and fuse box should be selected and described in the specification, thus avoiding the possibility of finding them installed in some conspicuous location where they are not wanted.The type and quality of switches, switch plates and outlet plates to be used should be specified, bearing in mind that it is well to have all plates of a matching type.All outlets should be double outlets.The location of all outlets and switches should be marked clearly on the floor plan and a note included stating that the location of switches and outlets should only be changed on written approval by the owner.It must be remembered that the basement, too, requires lights, outlets in convenient locations, and switches that are readily located.For the basement playroom specify a centre ceiling light with wall switch and about three wall double outlets.Three-way switches for all stairs should be specified as well as a light with an indoor controlling switch for each outside door.It is sometimes convenient to have a light installed over the kitchen sink; and an outlet over the living room mantle may be used for lighting a picture.Among the miscellaneous electrical items that should be covered in the specification are a door bell for the front door and for the side door with their associated transformer, wiring and push buttons and also Tél.Wllbank 5146 OVIDE TAILLEFER 1326 Ouest, rue Notre-Dame MONTREAL 458 TECHNIQUE the aerial and ground connections for the radio.The location of the door bell and radio outlets should be shown on the floor plan.It is advisable to have at least five locations for the aerial and ground connections; two in the living room, one in the bedroom, one in the kitchen and one in the location of a future playroom in the basement.A night light in the baseboard in the upstairs hall is a great convenience when there are children in the home.The specification should include a statement that all electrical fixtures will be supplied by the owner, but that they must be installed by the contractor.The contractor, however, should be required to supply a complete set of fuses at the time the job is completed, together with a list of the proper fuses to be used in each circuit.The contractor will be required to replace, free of charge, any fixtures broken, cracked or chipped during installation or subsequently during construction of the house.There should also be included in tke specification a clause to the effect that the contractor will have to make good, at his own expense, any defects that may develop in the work within a given period after the time of final acceptance.Specify that the correct wiring be run in for the following: (a) Electric stove from the fuse panel to the location of the stove.(b) The electric hot water heater from the fuse panel to the location of the heater and to a remote control switch with indicating light in the kitchen.(¢) Outlet box with switch in furnace room to take care of blower motor and air circulating fan motor.(d) Wall outlet and overhead light for the work bench.Plumbing There are at least three kinds of piping from which it is possible to choose.These are galvanized iron pipe, streamline copper pipe and the new steel-clad copper pipe.While it is recommended that copper pipe be installed, if at all possible, it might be well to remember that there are many houses still being built with galvanized iron pipe installed throughout.In any event, it is advisable to discuss the matter with a good plumbing supply house and be guided by their advice.In this connection it is well to note that there is something definite to be gained by discussing such di fa TECHNIQUE matters with more than one supplier and comparing the advice received.Non corroding pipe is the best selection, but the difference in cost is usually the deciding factor.The catalogue rumbers of the equipment and fixtures (bath, sink, toilet, wash basin, laundry tubs and so forth) to be provided should be specified and a clause included to the effect that no substitutions may be made without the written consent of the owner.Bathroom fixtures should be a matching set; this applies particularly to the wash basin and bath tub fixtures.The shower curtain rod and the shower curtain should be included in the specification.A shut-off valve should be installed in the main supply pipe coming into the house.It is also advisable to have a shut-off valve inserted in the basement in the main supply branches, so that the water can be shut off for repairs in any given part of the house without affecting the balance of the supply.For instance, such a valve in the supply pipes leading to the batiroom permits repairs being made there without shutting off the water in the kitchen or to the furnace.All fixtures for the bathroom and kitchen should be specified as being heavy chromium plated.A hose connection outside the house at some suitable location for watering the lawns and garden, and a water connection of some kind in the garage should be included in the specification.If a gas stove is to be used, a cast iron flue pipe for carrying gas fumes from the location of the stove to the roof should be specified.Needless to say, t-is should be concealed in the wall and t\u201ce opening should be located so as to avoid the necessity of a long run of unsightly gas fume pipe in the kitchen.A good size hot water tank, of noncorrosive metal, if possible, and a hot water heater in the furnace for the winter months should be specified as well as some means of heating water during the summer months.Note: An electric hot water heater of 3 kw capacity will heat a maximum of 20 gallons of water per hour.If t-e heating equipment, including the hot water heater, is to be supplied by a different contractor from te one supplying the plumbing equipment, it is most important that there is no misunderstanding as to which one is to make the connections between tle two systems.Septembre 1940 A jacket heater for supplying summer hot water is recommended as being economical, as the consumption is only between 1 and 114 tons of coal for six months and a boiler full of hot water is available at all times.For an economical installation, it is suggested that copper pipe and a galvanized iron hot water tank be installed, because the replacement of the pipes in a house is a difficult and expensive job, whereas a hot water tank can be easily replaced.Also when the galvanized hot water tank is to be replaced, a non-corroding tank may be installed if desired.A pop valve and a check valve or some suitable means of relieving the pressure in the hot water tank should it generate steam during the night should be considered.A good plumbing supply house will furnish advice on this subject.Regardless of the type of pipe selected, it should be specified that all pipe and fixtures shall be of approved quality and installed in an approved manner for hot and cold water supply, for gas connections, for sewer, and for drain connections as \u201cX-ACTO\u201d \u201cGOUACH\u201d SHOW CARD COLOR 24 Colors\u2014Brilliant\u2014Opaque \u2014Smooth \u2014 Velvety Surface Ground finely enough to use with pen or hair-brush, also Rainproof Colors\u2014Color in oil \u2014Color in Japan\u2014Grips-it Glue and Paint Utilities.MANUFACTURED BY X-Acto Products Reg'd Horace R.Boudrias, Prop.Also Distributor of Langmuir\u2019s Paint Enamel and Varnish and Nu-Enamel Products.HArbour 8064 1181 Clark St.459 September, 1940 required and that the contractor will pay all fees and perform all work in accordance with the rules and regulations of all bodies governing such work.The contractor should also be obliged in his contract to make good at his own expense any defects that may appear and any damages that may result from defective work for a given period after the installation has been accepted.Some consideration should be given to the advisability of having an additional toilet installed in the basement or in a suitable location on the ground floor.If a maid's room is included in the house, it might be well to include a separate complete bathroom for the maid\u2019s use.Heating Equipment The first decision required in this respect is whether a hot water system or a warm air system is to be installed.It would be a mistake to confuse the present warm air systems with the old-fashioned hot air types.Information on hot air and hot water heating systems is available, free of charge, from the Dominion Fuel Board in Ottawa.On realizing a decision as to the type of heating system, reliable information should be obtained as to the type of fuel required.A balance should be made as regards coal versus oil between convenience, first cost and cost per year to operate.On the subject of operating cost, a written statement should be obtained from the supplier of equipment and the fact insisted on that the equipment meet this guarantee before the last fifteen per cent of the contract price is paid.This may be difficult to obtain but I think it possible if insisted on and it is well worth the effort.Next it is wise to consider the advisability of air-conditioning.Whether or not the Ferronnerie, Charbon Anthracite, Ciment, Fournitures électriques J.-D.DORVAL MARCHAND GENERAL LAUZON, LEVIS FONDEE EN 1874 460 ROI PITT SYR TLIC FT FORT I TECHNIQUE decision is in favor of air-conditioning (and I think that it should be) at least provision should be made for future air-conditioning by having the ducts installed in the walls.In any event a decision on this point should be delayed until all of the information available on the subject of air-conditioning from the Dominion Fuel Board in Ottawa has been studied carefully.It is strongly recommended that in any case some adequate provision be made for the proper humidification of the home.While there are many angles to be considered when deciding between the use of coal or oil as a fuel, some consideration should be given, if coal is to be used, to having the equipment such that it may be converted easily and economically to use with oil.A blower with thermostatic control should be installed for use with coal.Air-conditioning is divided into summer and winter air-conditioning and for residential homes in Canada, winter air- conditioning only is required.This consists of cleaning, circulating, heating and humidifying the air in the home and allowing for a replacement of about 10 peroent of the air in the home by fresh air.In the summertime this system permits cleaning and circulation of tke air but does not take care of cooling and dehumidification.The ideal system is an oil fired single unit type air-conditioning furnace but here again, as in case of other items the question of price is usually the deciding factor and there are many other good multiple unit systems using coal or oil as desired.On the question of ducts for air-condi- tioning it is necessary for good circulation of air to have an \u2018in\u2019 and an \u201cout\u201d duct in every room (except as outlined below) and in a large room such as a living room two \u201c\u2018in\u2019\u2019 and two \u2018\u2018out\u201d ducts.It is suggested that these registers be at the floor level in thebaseboard.The kitchen, bathroom and basement rooms do not have \u201cout\u201d ducts.Rectangular cross section hot air ducts are recommended over the old-fashioned circular cross section type.If the basement is subdivided by concrete block walls provision should be made to heat these rooms, otherwise they will be too cold to be comfortable for use as a playroom or workshop.The basement and the location of the heating system therein should be arranged in such a way as to provide for entrance of fuel and taking out ashes (if any) without es mr m3 mg Ym AD te fm CD PD OT eed) Tr Tht oy \u2014_\u2014 TECHNIQUE the necessity of passing through a space which may later be required as a game room or other living quaters.If at all possible, a coal room (if you are going to use coal) should be planned large enough to put in a full winter\u2019s supply in the month of September or earlier.By so doing it will be possible to purchase coal cheaper and cleaner and the arrangement will prove most satisfactory in every way.Coal may also be stored in 100-pound bags in another part of basement if it is not feasible to build a large enough coal bin.The \u201cshovel door\u201d of the coal room should be placed reasonably near the furnace door and in such a way as to make \u2018\u2018firing\u2019 as easy as possible.The bottom of the shovel door should be cut away approximately ten inches and a \u2018\u201cwell\u201d\u2019 built the same width as the door and extending out for about fourteen inches.The height of the \u2018\u2018well\u201d will be ten inches and this will permit the coal to come out under the door but will keep it confined so that it will not spread over a large uneven area on the floor.Painting It is strongly recommended that, before undertaking to tell the contractor what is wanted in the way of painting, a reliable paint manufacturer be corresponded with and his advice requested on the whole subject of painting.If this is done and his advice taken, much less trouble will be encountered than otherwise will be likely to arise.Paint manufacturers spend thousands of dollars annually in their efforts to find the best means of making paints that will give satisfaction.However, they will tell you that the best paint ever produced will not give satisfaction unless it is used properly.As a consequence they will welcome the opportunity of co-operating toward the desired end of producing satisfactory results.The average home builder longs to have his new home look beautiful from the first day that he moves in.Very often this result is achieved at the expense of having it look anything but beautiful from the end of the first six months to the time when he has it all re-painted.Don\u2019t hesitate to leave the plastered walls unpainted for the first year if the paint manufacturer recommends it.Perhaps he will recommend an inexpensive water paint for the first year or so.In any event, his advice should be followed.Aside from the above, the contract should include a clause to the effect that the Septembre 1940 contractor guarantees a first class job and that he will make good at his own expense, and at the owner\u2019s request, any blistering, scaling or fading that may appear within a given period of the time the work has been completed and accepted.Miscellaneous Items The following miscellaneous items may or may not be included in the contract.As a general rule, this work is actually performed by a separate contractor but sometimes the general contractor, by virtue of his association with the trade, is able to procure a more favorable price for the work than the owner would be able to obtain.It is obvious, however, that the owner would do well to make some separate inquiries and that if the work is included in the general contract the amounts for the various items should be known and checked.Landscaping.This might include rough and finished grading; plowing and harrow- wing; top dressing; preparation of flower beds; sodding or seeding; and planting of trees, shrubs and flowers.Driveway.This covers driveway to the garage door.If the sidewalk is already built it will be necessary to have the section in front of the driveway cut or remade to remove or diminish the curb.Walks.This includes a walk to the front door and any required steps to elevate the walk to the door level.A walk to the side door should also be included.General The contract should state definitely that at the completion of the job, and before the owner takes possession of the house, the contractor will remove all rubbish and excess building materials from the house (Continued on page 483) Ferronnerie et Quincaillerie, Matériaux de Plomberie, Articles de Sport.EN GROS A.PRUD'HOMME & FILS LIMITÉE 338 est, rue Craig - Montréal Tél.HArbour 7141 - C.P.2230 461 en DE PARAÎTRE UN TRAITE d'Ajuslage Mécanique Contenant près de 1,000 illustrations ou dessins en vente aux endroits suivants : HULL : Ecole Technique de Hull.MONTRÉAL : Ecole Technique de Montréal, 200 ouest, rue Sherbrooke ; Ecole des Arts et Métiers, 59 ouest, rue Saint- Jacques ; Librairie Déom, 1247, rue Saint- Denis.QUEBEC : Ecole Technique de Québec, 185; boulevard Langelier ; Librairie Gar- neau, rue Buade ; Librairie de l'Action Catholique, 3, boulevard Charest.SHAWINIGAN : Shawinigan Technical Institute.TROIS-RIVIÈRES : Ecole Technique et de Papeterie.De plus, on peut se procurer ce Traité d'Ajustage dans toutes les écoles placées sous la juridiction de PRIX : $1.50 L'UNITE l'Ecole des Arts et Métiers PAR LA POSTE : $1.60 | de la province de Québec. { LES < CINQ > DE LA MAÎTRISE D'ARTS VUS À L'OEUVRE Vora déjà dix ans cet automne qu\u2019existe la Maîtrise d'Arts! A la veille de cet anniversaire, les cinq jeunes gens qui la composent ont scellé leur collaboration et leur association par des lettres patentes que le gouvernement de la Remi Arbour, absorbé dans le tournassage d\u2019une poterie.province de Québec a volontiers émises en leur faveur.Si le secrétariat provincial entreprenait jamais de faire la revue des incorporations qu\u2019il a approuvées, peu nombreuses sans doute seraient les sociétés artistiques de ce genre qu\u2019il a jamais con- bribué à fonder.Aussi la Maîtrise d'Arts, groupement libre et bénévole, est devenue depuis une année environ Maîtrise d\u2019Arts, limitée.Les Cinq ont décidé par là de rendre leur collabora- Par ALFRED AYOTTE tion plus étroite encore dans le triple domaine de la sculpture, de la décoration et de la céramique, et de travailler par là à l'essor artistique de la province en recherchant à traduire dans leurs œuvres les particularités, les côtés typiques du Québec.Assise sur le solide fondement de la loi, la société, quand elle enregistre des profits, les répartit équitablement entre ses membres.Il faut dire que cela n'arrive pas tous les jours.Depuis plusieurs mois Maîtrise d'Arts, limitée, a pignon sur rue.Dans le nord de la ville, au milieu de l\u2019herbe folle qui s'incline sous le vent, rue Clark, se dresse une jolie maisonnette.L\u2019un des Cinq l'avait construite pour en faire son foyer, mais la guerre l'a forcé de modifier ses projets.L\u2019extérieur est celui d\u2019une résidence ordinaire, sauf que sous le pignon une fenêtre haute et large attire l\u2019attention.À l\u2019intérieur?Voilà la surprise : des ateliers encore frustes dans la cave, au rez-de-chaussée et sous les combles pointus.Le visiteur, s\u2019il va de bas en haut, voit d\u2019abord un imposant four à céramique, des cuves remplies de glaise mêlée d\u2019autres matières chimiques, un tour de potier tout neuf, mû au pied, récemment construit par les élèves en menuiserie de l'école des Arts et Métiers de Maisonneuve, des vases de terre fabriqués de la veille et en train de sécher sur une table, des moules de plâtre de toutes sortes qui ont servi et serviront probablement encore, des peintures, des sculptures \u2014 y compris un buste de Son Excellence Mgr Deschamps \u2014 des motifs de décoration, etc.Cette maison solitaire est une sorte de sanctuaire.Elle abrite une flamme, celle de l'inspiration artistique.Elle est à la fois le siège de la Maîtrise d\u2019Arts et le studio commun des Cinq.Qui sont les « Cinq » ?Mais qui sont ces téméraires et originaux jeunes gens?Oh! des garcons trés sérieux et pleins de talent! Afin de respecter leur 463 CH PES SAIS September, 1940 souci de l'égalité et de la fraternitié, voici leurs noms par ordre alphabétique : REMI ARBOUR, garçon blond à lunettes d\u2019or, est natif de Sainte-Thérèse.Peintre avant tout, il affectionne particulièrement le paysage, en quoi il excelle d'ailleurs.Les Cinq jouent chacun leur rôle dans la fabrication de la céramique.À M.Arbour est dévolu celui de tourneur.HENRI BÉLISLE est précisément le propriétaire de la maison de la rue Clark.Le loyer qu'il retire de la petite société est mirobolant et le rendra millionnaire avant la fin de ses jours.Peintre remarquable, son nom pourrait faire quelque bruit, mais il est extrêmement modeste.Patient au travail, on lui a confié la glaçure des vases, bustes et statuettes de terre cuite.FLEURIMONT CONSTANTINEAU, matinal et travailleur, a toujours quelque chose sur le métier.Aussi habile en modelage qu\u2019en peinture, ce jeune homme brun et éveillé a un faible pour le portrait.Quand le groupe fait une corvée de céramique, M.Constan- tineau se charge de préparer les moules.ARMAND FILION, au profil de médaille, aime tellement la sculpture qu'il voudrait Notre service des contrats 7 » .se spécialise dans la pose de * tapis * linoleum * stores vénitiens Estimations fournies avec plaisir sur demande.+ Dupuis Srènes MONTRÉAL 464 TECHNIQUE même dégrossir des blocs de pierre et les changer en lions.Professeur de modelage à l\u2019École des Beaux-Arts, il fait également du modelage aux heures de fabrication de céramique, rue Clark.Louis PARENT, c'est le céramiste en titre du groupe.Voilà deux étés qu\u2019il va perfectionner ses connaissances chimiques à l\u2019Université Alfred, aux États-Unis, après avoir suivi les cours de chimie de l\u2019École des Hautes Études Commerciales de Montréal.Membre de l'Office des recherches Henri Bélisle en train de préparer une glaçure\u2026 scientifiques, il a préparé pour l'Office une étude sur la Poterie artisanale.Les chars allégoriques La Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Montréal encourage depuis plusieurs années le travail artistique de la Maîtrise d'Arts.Elle a largement contribué au maintien de cette association en lui confiant la construction de ses chars allégoriques.Quand la Maîtrise d\u2019Arts est née en 1930, la Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste demandait à tel entrepreneur de Montréal, à tel autre de Longueuil de lui fabriquer ses tableaux roulants.Il y a sept ou huit ans, les Cinq obtinrent d\u2019en construire deux; l'année suivante, ils en construisirent plu- a \u20ac e TECHNIQUE sieurs.Depuis quelques années, ils les construisent tous, soit quinze à dix-huit, sauf ceux que des compagnies comme le Canadien Pacifique, Dupuis Frères, Montreal Tramways, pourvues de vatses ateliers, peuvent édifier elles-mêmes quand elles en sont les donatrices.Les Cinq ont commencé à édifier les chars allégoriques de notre société nationale dans une grange de l\u2019est de la ville.M.Jean- Baptiste Lagacé, qui avec MM.E.-Z.Massicotte et Elzéar Roy, est l'inspirateur des cortèges du 24 juin depuis seize ans, vivait alors pendant des semaines dans l'inquiétude.Il avait peur que le feu détruisit la grange et les chars comme il a détruit si traîtreusement en juin dernier l\u2019Ecole du Meuble de Montréal.Après la période de la grange vint la période du clos de bois, qui fut courte d\u2019ailleurs.M.Lagacé recommandait alors Fleurimont Constantineau prépare un moule en plâtre de Paris.aux jeunes artistes d\u2019avoir un menuisier pour faire le gros du travail des bâtis, mais eux laissaient toujours entendre qu\u2019ils allaient en embaucher un et, entretemps, faisaient eux-mêmes tout le travail.« Nous ne pouvions pas nous payer le luxe d\u2019un menuisier, a dit l\u2019un des Cinq.Septembre 1940 Nous graissions nous-mêmes les roues des chariots.En un mot, nous faisions tout, tout.» La bonne fortune du hangar métallique Enfin, les Cinq ont eu la bonne fortune de découvrir un vaste hangar métallique inutilisé et appartenant a la Ville de Montréal, rue Henri-Julien, dans le nord de la ville, dans les numéros à cinq chiffres.Comme l\u2019atelier commun des Cinq, cet Armand Filion achève de modeler un torse de jeune fille.immense studio à charpente de fer et à tôle galvanisée est situé en plein champ.Il y a place pour y construire et y loger plus de quinze chars allégoriques à plateforme de dix par vingt-cinq pieds.La ville est heureuse d'avoir trouvé des locataires \u2014 même si le loyer est nominal\u2026\u2014 et de coopérer de cette façon à la célébration de la fête nationale des Canadiens-Français.« Combien mettez-vous de temps, avons- nous demandé à l\u2019un des Cinq, à construire les chars allégoriques ?\u2014 Il nous faut un minimum de deux mois, car nous ne donnons pas tout notre temps a ce travail.Tous les cing, nous sommes professeurs de dessin à la Commission des écoles catholiques de Montréal, sous la direction de M.Jean-Baptiste Lagacé.Nous ne travaillons à ces chars qu\u2019en dehors de nos heures de cours.En 1939, dès la fin de janvier, nous étions en possession des maquettes.Nous avons pu prendre de l\u2019avance, dresser nos plans de 465 ¥ | | Ÿ 1 | it i E i IIe i SESE September, 1940 construction, faire des moulages et des sculptures dans l'atelier de la rue Clark.Mais les maquettes ne peuvent pas toujours nous être fournies aussi tôt.Certaines années, en raison de l'actualité et du thème du cortège, elles ne nous sont remises qu\u2019au milieu d\u2019avril.Alors il faut se hater.« Il va sans dire, reprend notre interlocuteur, que nous n\u2019avons pas la prétention de faire des chars allégoriques parfaits dans tous les détails.Il ne faut pas oublier que les yeux des spectateurs ne se portent pas en moyenne plus de trente secondes sur chaque char.Conséquemment, il faut d'abord et avant tout soigner l\u2019évocation, par la forme, par la couleur, par les proportions.Ces chars ont d\u2019ailleurs une existence bien éphémère, car sitôt le défilé fini, ils sont démolis sans pitié.Parfois on en détachera quelques pièces pas trop encombrantes, susceptibles d'utilisation subséquente, sous d'autres couleurs, mais le plus souvent, tout est réduit en miettes.Nous faisons une grande consommation de plâtre et de carton dans la construction de ces illustrations roulantes.Mais il ne faut pas que je divulgue nos trucs et nos secrets.» La réputation des « Cing » s'étend En 1934, les Cinq jouissaient déjà d\u2019une certaine réputation comme bâtisseurs de chars allégoriques puisque la ville des Trois-Rivières les a fait mander pour participer à la construction des chars destinés à illustrer les trois siècles de son existence.L'an dernier, sous la direction de l\u2019arc i- tecte Ernest Cormier et du décorateur de la maison Eaton, M.Lemieux, les membres de la Maîtrise d'Arts ont exécuté de nombreux travaux à l\u2019occasion de la visite de Leurs Majestés.L\u2019an dernier également, la Maîtrise d\u2019Arts £ kid 7 MANUFACTURIERS DE V É Livres de comptabilité, Couverts et feuillets mobiles, Ligne « VIMI », Villemaire Frères 1001, RUE SAINT-URBAIN PLateau 1484-5, MONTRÉAL ES 466 TECHNIQUE a pris part à la première exposition d\u2019artisanat organisée dans les vieilles casernes restaurées de l'Ile Sainte-Hélène.Son kiosque a été fort achalandé.Enfin, l\u2019année 1939 marque l\u2019incorporation de la Maîtrise d'Arts.Ses lettres patentes sont datées du 21 avril.Depuis cette date, la petite société se réunit très gravement de temps en temps pour discuter les importantes questions d'administration qui se posent au cours des semaines et des mois.Son livre de procès-verbaux n\u2019est pas encore très épais.Les Cinq paraissent se proposer de démontrer qu'\u2019artiste ne veut Louis Parent à la porte de son four à céramique.pas nécessairement dire mauvais administrateur.L'avenir de la céramique québécoise Quels sont les projets d'avenir des Cinq?Si vous le leur demandez, ils vous répondront : « Nous avons de grandes ambitions que nous croyons cependant raisonnables.Il nous paraît que du côté de la céramique, en particulier, il y aurait de quoi faire.Tous nous faisons de la peinture et de la sculpture.Nous exposons il nous faut rapporter nos toiles.Les gens n\u2019achètent pas.Mais, dans le domaine de la céramique, nous pouvons produire des choses à la portée de la plupart des bourses, sans faire de la camelote, comme il s\u2019en fait mal}eu- TECHNIQUE reusement trop au pays, surtout depuis que le Canada est envahi de réfugiés.Le Canadien et le touriste américain ou européen pourraient se faire, croyons-nous, les acheteurs d\u2019une bibeloterie de caractère typiquement canadien.« Un autre de nos projets, poursuit l\u2019artiste, serait la tenue d\u2019un salon annuel de nos productions.Le public serait en meilleure mesure de se rendre compte de notre travail sous toutes ses formes.Qui sait ?cela déciderait peut-être des gens à commander certaines variétés de vases de terre cuite, à nous confier la décoration d\u2019églises, la maquette de monuments, etc.Frise du Jardin botanique préparée par la Maîtrise d\u2019Arts.Champignons, papillons et sauterelles y abondent.L'impression qui reste d\u2019une visite aux cinq membres de la Maîtrise d'Arts, c\u2019est l\u2019ardeur au travail, la conscience du métier et le souci de faire œuvre nationale.Il y a quelques semaines, le ministre de l\u2019Industrie et du Commerce, M.Oscar Drouin, a annoncé l'ouverture de deux écoles de céramique : l\u2019une à Saint-Jean- sur-Richelieu, où se trouvent déjà de grandes poteries comme celles de la maison Crane, et l\u2019autre à Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce où divers projets avaient été mis de l'avant depuis 1875.Ces deux centres d'apprentissage en céramique s\u2019ouvriront sous le (Suite à la page 476) La Canadian General Electric fabrique au Canada un vaste assortiment d'appareils électriques\u2026 allant de gigantesques générateurs aux minuscules ampoules Edison Mazda.Ces produits permettent aux centrales d'énergies de fournir l'électricité à bas prix.Ils facilitent l'emploi économique de l'électricité dans le commerce et l'industrie.Les usines modernes G-E sont situées à Peter- borough et à Toronto.D'un océan à l'autre, dans chaque bureau régional, les ingénieurs G-E s\u2019empresseront de vous indiquer l'emploi approprié des appareils électriques.Transformateur de 25,000 kv-a en construction aux usines Canadian General Electric de Davenport, Toronto.Tout à l\u2019Électricité CANADIAN GENERAL ELECTRIC civireo 1000, Cote du Beaver Hall, Montréal P.Q.CGE-144F 467 i 1 f 1 \u2018 NII i ' DEVELOPMENTS IN HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEMS Hor water heating equipment, like most otlier engineering equipment, has been the subject of a vast amount of research and development within the last few years.However, the remarkable developments and the notable improvements in hot water heating equipment have not been very generally observed, principally because the spectacular rise of air conditioning bas drawn so much attention to that science.EXPANSION TANK {J LEAD-LINED wood RADIATOR VALVE ] fe AR COCK = orn LINE BRCK ENCASING-, FLOW HEADER 4 A HHHHHHHH TAHA HHAHRA] SMOKE PIPE +5 ess =) Ne == | RETURM HEADER TX DRAIN-OFF COCK As a matter of fact, the recent developments and improvements in hot water heating systems and their controls have been such that many old ideas about that type of heating should be discarded, while many others should be revised in the light of today\u2019s knowledge, and of the modern hot water heating equipment and controls.In order that the recent advance in hot water heating systems may be fully understood and thoroughly appreciated, it is necessary to have a knowledge of the early practice in that type of heating.It is the purpose of this paper, then, to review briefly the history of hot water heating and to describe some of the recent developments and the latest improvements in hot water heating systems.468 By LORNE WIGGS B.Sc.; P.E.Q., MEIC; MASH.V.E.MASRLE.Consulting Engineer, Montreal.In order to trace hot water heating from its practical beginning, it is necessary to go back over one hundred and twenty years, for it was about the year 1817 that the modern method of hot water heating was first practised, with the introduction in Fic.2 England of the Perkins system of high temperature hot water heating, utilizing a pipe coil boiler and a closed system.The open system operated at low temperatures was introduced also in England, in the year 1822, As far as Canada is concerned, the earliest type of hot water heating appears to have been that illustrated by Figure 1, which is interesting, in that not only the room heaters were pipe coils, but also the boiler or furnace was constructed of a number of banks of pipe coils in a brick setting.Such systems were apparently introduced into \u2014-\u2014 eS wr oo | EO \u2014 > > = Pd bt =.= TECHNIQUE Canada from England about a hundred years ago and at one time were very common in all parts of the Province of Quebec.Due to the limitations in pipe threading equipment, with the possible exception of the headers, not a single piece of pipe larger than 115 in.was used in the system.À few examples of such types of hot water heating systems were to be found in both the cities of Montreal and Quebec within the last decade.In fact, many of the room heaters, constructed of three or four banks of pipe coils in enclosures, having flat marble tops «i Ë > 8 a Fic.3 and cast-iron fronts and ends, which were beautiful examples of the moulders\u2019 art, are still being used in some of the fine old houses of the Province of Quebec, which is a wonderful testimony to the longevity of hot water heating systems.In the year 1866, the firm of Rogers and King of Montreal, introduced what was apparently the first Canadian cast-iron hot water boilers, which is illustrated by Figure 2.Shortly after this, the first automatic control equipment was developed in the United States, in the form of an automatic damper regulator.This was quickly followed by the invention of various kinds of thermostatic control equipment.In 1870 the Spence square sectional hot water boiler was patented by Rogers and Septembre 1940 King, and put on the market.That same year the first cast-iron loop hot water radiator, which was known as the Bundy radiator, was developed.In the early 1880's, Mr.Edward Gurney of Toronto, originated the Gurney round cast-iron hot water heater shown in Figure 3, which was apparently the first round cast-iron hot water heater manufactured in North America.The Spence round cast- iron hot water boiler was invented a few years later.This boiler was subsequently Fic.4 called the \u2018\u2018Daisy\u2019\u2019 boiler.Both the Gurney and Spence boilers were afterwards introduced into the United States.Cast-iron radiators of the vertical sectional type were originated about this time, having been patented and manufactured in Canada in 1887 by the Toronto Radiator Manufacturing Co.Ltd., who claimed to be the first manufacturers of screwed nipple radiators in the world.An isometric sketch of an early \u201cDaisy\u201d boiler and of the type of hot water heating system used about the end of the nineteenth century is shown in Figure 4.By this time, sufficient improvement had been made in pipe threading equipment to allow the use of 2-inch pipe for the flow and 469 September, 1940 return mains.Consequently, the boilers were then furnished with large flow and return headers as shown in the illustration.Such headers each had from four to twelve 2-inch tappings.In such an installation, usually there were not more than three or four radiators connected to each set of mains and generally the first floor radiators were fed from separate sets of mains to those supplying the upper floors.In this case, the mains to the first floor radiators were piped to the tappings near the center of the headers and those mains serving the upper floors were connected towards the ends of the headers.Both radiator tappings were at the same end and were threaded left hand so that right and left hand nipples would be used to make up the radiator connections, thus obviating the use of the union radiator valves or union elbows.Radiator connections of less than one inch were then seldom used.Such heating systems, using round cast-iron boilers had as much as 4000 square feet of radiation on a single boiler.Standard headers were made not only for single boilers but for twin, triple and quadruple boiler installations.Heating systems TECHNIQUE of this type were the most common type of heating used in Eastern Canada at the time.They were easy to design, simple to install and in general, gave very satisfactory results, according to the then accepted standards.Anthracite coal was the common fuel.The Perkins system referred to previously was a closed hot water heating system, operating with water temperatures as high as 350° F.For years, there was considerable controversy over the merits and demerits of this system.Apparently closed systems were not used, either in Canada or the United States, to any extent until the introduction in 1906 of the now obsolete Honeywell method utilizing the so-called \u201cHoneywell Heat Generator.\u201d This so- called generator was simply a device by which the water in the system was prevented from expanding until it built up a sufficient pressure to lift a column of mercury in the device.This column was such that the pressure had to be actually about ten pounds.In other words, the generator acted as a relief valve, set to relieve at ten Ib.on a rising pressure and to allow water _\u2014_\u2014 INDUSTRIAL APPRENTICE TRAINING REQUIRES PRACTICAL SHOP EQUIPMENT © ° ° ARTS AND CRAFTS SCHOOL OF LACHINE, QUEBEC Above are shown six South Bend Underneath Motor Driven Lathes, providing a practical training in the machine shop of the Arts and Crafts School of Lachine, Que.Industrial apprentice training is serious business these days.You need practical shop equipment.the kind used in industry .if you are going to prepare men and boys to be of real service in defense trades.Modernize your shop equipment and provide a practical defense trade training program by installing new South Bend Series \u2018\u2018S\" Precision Lathes.The efficiency of your apprentice training and adult education program will be greatly increased.South Bend Lathes are made in sizes 9\", 10\", 13\",141,\" and 16\u201d swing, in 3\u2019 to 12\u2019 bed lengths, in Counter- shaft and Individual Motor Drive.JB SOUTH-BEND LATHE.WORKS: (& LATHE BUILDERS SINCE 1906 880 E.Madison St., South Bend, Ind., U.S.A.470 ETI TON FEI RPI SEITIE IE MPLS FEAT IY tl CS wx mE Ps TECHNIQUE to flow back into the system without re- struction on a falling pressure.\u2018 In connection with the Honeywell generator, the Honeywell Heating Specialty Company devised a method of designing and installing hot water heating systems, which utilized much smaller piping than was the practice here at the time.The sale of the Honeywell generator was discontinued about 1925.The next stage in the development of hot water heating was the introduction of what was then called the \u2018\u2018tank-in-basement\u201d system, shown in Figure 5, which is universally used today.The distinctive features of this system are the basement expansion air-cushion tank, a pressure reducing valve Lexonroran TANK PRESSURE GAUGE.RELIEF vaLve PRESSURE REDUGINY, vALYE lo DidCHAKGE TO Bain and a relief valve.At first, expansion or air- cushion tanks were used on all such systems, but later, thousands of such installations were made without any expansion tank.Now, after a great deal of grief with such systems not equipped with expansion tanks, the air-cushion tank is being commonly used and is mandatory in a number of provinces in Canada.Today, practically all hot water heating systems use this arrangement in one form or another to provide for supplying the water to it and to provide for the expansion of the hot water.Many systems of the Honeywell system and of this type were thermostatically controlled by means of an electric room thermostat and first by a spring-operated damper motor and later by electric-driven damper motors.About the year 1917 domestic oil burners were first put on the market and on account of their high cost, most of the early users Septembre 1940 installed them in their heating boilers, and used either coal or gas-fired jacket heaters to heat their domestic hot water.This had many objections, so heating engineers started to find a means of not only heating the home, but also heating its domestic hot water from a single boiler and burner.An early attempt to do this is shown in Figure 6.By this time, the multiplicity of flow and return mains was obsolete and consequently either one motorized butterfly valve only, or a motorized butterfly valve and a companion butterfly valve as shown, was used to control the house heating system.This system originated the intermittent method of gravity hot water heating, and as a result introduced a number of problems of hot water circulation which did not exist before.[1 ow rreswosar About the year 1927, the small domestic circulating pumps were introduced and since butterfly valves could not be depended upon to hold tight against the head caused by the circulating pumps, the next development was that of the loaded check valves shown in Figure 7.Such systems have now practically superseded the motorized butterfly valves.In this case, the pump is E.-R.CHAGNON ENTREPRENEUR ELECTRICIEN LICENCIE Membre de la Corporation des Techniciens de la province de Québec.10747, rue BERRI AHUNTSIC Tél.DUpont 3739 September, 1940 controlled by the room thermostat.This system has also the objection that there is intermittent flow of the hot water and due to the rapid circulation of the water it introduced still other difficulties, although the forced circulation enabled designers to use smaller pipe sizes and it also had other advantages.In the year 1931, a new type of control motor, known as the proportioning motor, was put on the market.It is immediately ü ROOM THERMOSTAT Flow CONTROL VALVE rm AH { 1 souze, TANK CONTROLI] l AGUASTAT- | and] ! I \u20ac i J MEATER.Pr $ I L___ = ; Fic.7 adapted to the control of motorized valves.This type of motorized valve is a splendid type, because, instead of being on and off, it is of the gradual operating type, and it will move forward or backward without having to move to either limit.Figure 8 shows a residential hot water system, utilizing a motorized three-way valve, equipped with a proportioning motor; this system is of the continuous circulating type.Because of this fact, coupled with the use of the proportioning control equipment, it eliminates all the troubles inherent in the pre- BULLDOG GRIP CEMENT Co.Inc.2101, ave Bennett, Montréal Si nos colles sont assez bonnes pour les ébénistes experts de L'ECOLE DU MEUBLE DE MONTREAL Pourquoi ne les employez-vous pas ?ES 472 TECHNIQUE ceding systems.Its only disadvantage is the high cost of the three-way motorized valve.On large heating systems the cost of this valve is not exhorbitant, but on small residence installations, the cost of valve would make this type of control an extravagance.But, where it can be used, a hotwaterheating system equipped with this control responds readily and quickly to the entire range of variations in heat demand; it is simple and economical in operating and maintenance costs and is silent in operation.It is undoubtedly the ideal hot water heating system for medium and large heating systems.Low Voies Frc.8 An example of a large forced hot water heating system, utilizing a compensated control system, is shown in Figure 9.The stoker, blower or oil burner is controlled directly from a compensated control system, equipped with a special control panel.The control panel may be made up in a number of different ways, but the type indicated is equipped with a dial type thermometer to indicate the temperature in the boiler, one to indicate the outside temperature, a switch to turn on and off the heating, a switch by which the control may be set either to be operated automatically or manually and a wind compensator control knob, by which manual adjustment may be made to compensate for the variations in wind.This heating system is a forced hot water heating system, designed to operate with a constant circulation of hot water at a variable temperature to meet the variable heat demand due to the varying outside weather conditions.One or other of circulating pumps is operated continuously to maintain the constant circulation of the hot water, while the control system is a simple, yet convenient means of automatically or manually regulating the water temperature to maintain the desired temperature in the \\ IE PP SELECTION IS EASY FOR ANY CONDITION The \u201cXVH!'\u2014Heavy duty machine for standard conditions and for any capacity from 400 cubic feet per minute and up.Featured by efficient power-saving, partial load control.Most economically operated heavy-duty compressor available.Catalogue K-324-A.The \u201cES'\u2014Recognized as a highly dependable, economical unit for 100-Ib.pressure from 100 to 686 c.f.m.and for lower pressures up to 1990 c.f.m.Also built as \u201cFS\" for steam drive.Catalogue K-328.The *40'\"\u2014An air-cooled compressor ideal for service where cooling water is not available or in unheated locations, or for intermittent operation, stand-by duty, etc.Capacity from 122 to 360 cubic feet per minute.Catalogue K-330.The '\u201830\"\u2014Fills every requirement from 75 down to 11, cubic feet per minute.Literally dozens of arrangements developed for specific needs of users of small and medium quantities of air, or for stand-by or \u201cspot\u201d jobs in larger air-using plants.The \u201c20*\u2014A dependable, low-priced compressor for short-time enterprises.One size only available, 119 cubic feet per minute.Catalogue K-321-B.IF you have owned and opsrated compressor equipment for years, check its operating cost against to-day's efficient, roller bearing, power- saving machines which are available from the engineering works of the Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Company \u2014 Canada\u2019s pioneer and constantly pioneering manufacturer of compressors for every conceivable requirement.Consult our nearest branch for \u201cEverything in Compressed Air\u201d 40-B-IF Canadian-Ingersoll-Rand 55.head office * MONTREAL QUE QR /Brks \u201cSHERBROOKE (QUE.branches; SYDNEY- SHEKBROOKE-MONTREAL- TORONTO -KIRKLAND LAKE-TIMMINS-WINNIPRG-NFISON-VANCOIVER À FRE A. September, 1940 building.When the automatic control feature is utilized, the temperature of the hot water is automatically regulated by the outdoor master temperature controller in conjunction with the hot water sub-master temperature controller.Since the outdoor master temperature controller is not affected by wind while the heat loss from the building is, a supplementary wind adjustment is provided in order to compensate for the variations in wind.There are a great number of other types of controls for hot water heating systems, some of which might be considered in detail to advantage, but practically all of them TECHNIQUE method eliminates these two difficulties entirely.It is true that the circulating pump has to run constantly throughout the heating season, but due to the relatively small sizes of the pump motors required, and to the low cost of electricity for such service, the cost of running the pumps that long is not excessive.An ideal heating system should possess the following essential requirements: 1.Sufficient capacity to maintain an inside temperature of 70°F, made at the most unfavorable combination of outside temperature and wind velocity encountered in the region in which the building is located.DAMPER OPERATING XNOS HEE AIR VALVE AUR CHAMBER LOCK SHIELD VALVE OR BY SQUALITING FITTING 7 PLOW MAIN Out OooNn THEAMOME TER BULBS v AIR CUSHION TANK fT OUTDOOR MASTE: + TEMPERATURE r CONTROLLER; STRAINER VALVE A THERMOMETER AUTOMATIC \u2014= v \u2014 fH Zn or LI 1D) P AIR RELIEF \\ \u2018 8 LRETURN MAIN GAUGE VALVE ! rai BRIE R a FRÉSEURE PRESEN | 3 | Thien ar |) Proves vis Nous: SHUT-C09 REDUCING GAUEL 1 I AQUASTAT J on J CONTROLLER VALY qd eLecTaie) CABLE ~~ pride RELIEF | HOV.SUPPLY; LECTAIC ABLE PRESSURE \u2014 aauGE es CIRCULATING === y Toaseren CIRCULATING PLIMP > CABINET oR po ENCLOSURE Lo she c FOUALIZING HITING CHECK VALVE Fic.9 may be divided into two general classes: first, those giving intermittent or fluctuating flow of hot water, usually at a constant temperature, and secondly, those operated with a continuous flow of water at a varying temperature.Of course, the first method is the simpler and generally the least expensive of the two, but the difficulty with this method is to obtain proportional distribution of the water to all the radiators of the system at the different rates of flow and to eliminate the noise which such a control usually produces, due to the sudden expansion and contraction of the risers.Many ingenious methods have been developed to overcome the latter, but apparently not much thought has been given to the former.The second 474 2.Sufficient flexibility to respond readily and quickly to the entire range of the variations in heat demand due to the variations in outside temperature, sunshine and wind velocity and due to any auxiliary heat sources within the building.3.Economical in operating cost and maintenance costs.4.Low in first cost.5.Silent in operation.6.Simple to operate and maintain.In addition to the above, practical considerations demand that it should be simple to design and easy to install.Taking the type of hot water heating system shown in Figure 8 or 9 as an example of a good hot water heating system, let us see how nearly it fulfils the requirements = > Cn.> = mee ry OD rE Fy em ey Py Cp Pm = feye pea > = \u2014 \u2014_\u2014 Cr ea = er yr TECHNIQUE of an ideal heating system and what advantages it possesses over other types of heating systems.A forced hot water heating system can be readily made to have sufficient capacity by providing sufficient radiation, a boiler of approximate capacity and properly laid out and correctly sized flow and return piping.If radiator temperatures as high as those occurring in steam heating systems may be utilized, the radiators of a hot water system do not have to be any larger than those which would be required for an equivalent steam heating system.However, since one of the outstanding advantages of hot water heating systems is that lower radiator temperatures can be carried with such systems than with steam systems, it is desirable and customary to install larger radiators on hot water systems than on steam systems.Where all the radiators of a hot water heating system are concealed radiators or convectors and high radiator temperatures are consequently not undesirable, such radiators do not have to be any larger than those which would be used if it were a steam system.The boiler does not need to be any larger than that required for a steam system.Such a hot water heating system, when made up of radiators having low water contents, flow and return piping of small size, and with a circulating pump of the correct capacity will have a greater flexibility than any steam system can possibly have, not even excepting the sub-atmos- pheric steam systems.A forced hot water heating system is inherently one of the most efficient types of heating systems available and is therefore inherently economical in operating costs.Such a system, controlled by a three-way mixing valve equipped with a proportioning motor, is undoubtedly more economical in operating costs than any other type of heating system available today.The simplicity of a forced hot water system, as against the complicated devices used in modern steam systems, obviously results in low maintenance costs and in addition, due to the fact that the whole system is kept filled with water at all times and that the same water is constantly recirculated, corrosion is practically eliminated.The forced hot water heating system is low in first cost, because it makes use of small radiators and small piping.In addition, other than the control equipment no patented specialties are necessary on the system and the cir- Septembre 1940 culating pumps required are much less costly than the vacuum pumps required on the equivalent steam systems.The heating contractors in the Province of Quebec are also more accustomed to installing hot water heating systems than steam systems, so that labour costs are probably lower on hot water systems than in steam systems.The forced hot water system in question is absolutely silent in operation regardless of the grading of the pipes, while steam systems are liable to be noisy unless great care is taken in their installation.The forced hot water system is probably simpler to operate and to maintain than any other form of heating system in use today.Taking all factors into consideration, there is no doubt whatever that the forced hot water heating system of the type mentioned approaches the ideal closer than any other type of heating system so far developed.The earliest known printing by impression (Babylon, 4000 B.C.) was the use of engraved stamps or seals impressed into moist clay which was then dried.This was \u2018\u2018inkless\u2019\u2019 printing, also \u2018paperless\u2019 printing.Many such tablets have been found.\u2014T he Student's History of Printing.LES « CINQ > DELA MAITRIGE D'ARTS VUS À L'OEUVRE (Suite de la page 467) patronage de l'Aide à la Jeunesse.Ils seront en quelque sorte la consécration du travail des Cinq de la Maîtrise d\u2019Arts et la preuve de leur juste orientation professionnelle et artistique.WILFRID PAGEAU Entrepreneur licencié en plomberie et chauffage SPÉCIALITÉ : RÉPARATIONS Atelier et bureau 984 est, rue RACHEL Tél.FAlkirk 2848 FONDÉE EN 1912 475 ii L'IGOLATION THERMIQUE Dts MATSON Introduction 0, LA chaleur était visible et que, par une journée d\u2019hiver, nous puissions la voir sortir des murs et du toit d\u2019une bâtisse, nous prendrions immédiatement les mesures nécessaires pour éviter cette dépense inutile.Comme ce phénomène est invisible, les pertes occasionnées sont susceptibles de s\u2019additionner d'année en année.Il est estimé que des dizaines de millions de dollars sont ainsi dépensés inutilement dans notre pays, cette somme dépassant d\u2019au moins 30% la consommation nécessaire pour le maintien d\u2019une température saine et égale dans nos maisons.Le but de cet article est de renouveler à la mémoire du lecteur les circonstances qui entourent les pertes de chaleur dues à la plus ou moins bonne construction des murs et des toits de nos maisons, la correction de ces constructions par l'emploi des matériaux isolants mis à notre disposition, les avantages et le coût de l\u2019isolation thermique de nos maisons et les profits réalisables qui justifient dans presque cent pour cent des cas la dépense occasionnée par ce travail.Origine de l'idée d'isolation L'idée prédominante de confort a poussé les peuples de tous les temps à se protéger contre les extrêmes limites de la température atmosphérique.Dans les régions arctiques, les Eskimos se construisent des huttes de glaces à l\u2019intérieur desquelles une température uniforme est, maintenue au moyen d'une faible flamme alimentée par de l'huile de phoque; les murs de ces huttes sont constitués exclusivement de blocs de glace, calorifuge naturel qui contient des millions de cellules d\u2019air.Dans le même ordre d'idée les peuples des tropiques utilisent contre les rayons brûlants du soleil des huttes faites de chaume, un autre isolant naturel.Dès les débuts de la colonie, on peut retracer des constructions de la Nouvelle-Angleterre isolées d\u2019un mélange de paille et de boue placées dans les espaces 476 Par MAURICE FLEURY, 1.C.ARMSTRONG CORK & INSULATION COMPANY LIMITED d'air de leurs murs extérieurs.De nos jours, outre le confort, un autre point très important nous pousse à isoler nos bâtisses; c\u2019est le coût de leur chauffage et l'instabilité des prix du combustible requis.Le grand développement du conditionnement d'air est un dernier facteur mais non le moindre, qui a donné à l'isolation thermique la place prépondérante qu\u2019elle occupe aujourd'hui dans l\u2019industrie du bâtiment.-8o.REP a Coefficient Oe Transmission CU) ra § vi =\" EPAISSEUR DO ISOLATION EN Pouce (wR: 0.30) GRAPHIQUE.\u2014 Courbes indiquant l\u2019abaissement des coefficients de transmission de chaleur avec diverses épaisseurs d\u2019isolant (k =0.30).Pertes de chaleur Quatre principales classifications peuvent être faites des pertes de chaleur à travers des bâtisses : 1° Par conduction ou transmission de chaleur de molécule à molécule dans un corps homogène ou par contact de deux COrps.2° Par convection ou transmission de chaleur par le mouvement d\u2019une fluide contenant cette chaleur.3° Par radiation ou transmission de chaleur à travers l\u2019espace par le mouvement ondulatoire. TECHNIQUE 4° Par infiltration d\u2019air ou écoulement d\u2019air a travers les crevasses ou par des ouvertures telles que les portes, fenétres, sous I'influence de la pression du vent ou d\u2019une différence de température.De ces pertes de chaleur, deux classifications peuvent être faites : les pertes inévitables et les pertes évitables.Les principales pertes de chaleur inévitables sont celles à travers les vitres des fenêtres et des portes par radiation, convection et conduction, lesquelles peuvent être évaluées à environ 20% de la perte totale de chaleur en employant des vitres doubles et des portes doubles.Viennent ensuite les pertes par infiltration qui représentent environ 20% de la perte totale de chaleur, ce pourcentage pouvant s\u2019abaisser jusqu\u2019à 10% en prenant toutes les précautions voulues, c\u2019est-à-dire en em- : J| 44 > © f77 a o a o 8 # 8 .Coérricient OF TRANSMISSION QU 0 10% 20 30 io 50 so To so 20 / 100 % PouRCENTAGES DE REDUCTION OS PERIES DE CHALEUR (R030) GRAPHIQUE 2.\u2014 Courbes indiquant le pourcentage de réduction des coefficients de transmission pour diverses épaisseurs d\u2019isolant (k =0.30).ployant des « weather-strips » en calfeutrant, etc.Donc 30% des pertes totales de chaleur doivent être classées inévitables.Les pertes de chaleur dites évitables s\u2019évaluent par conséquent à 70% des pertes totales de chaleur et représentent celles dues à la conduction, convection et radiation à travers les murs et le toit.De 40 à 60% de ces pertes peuvent être sauvées dans les constructions moyennes en utilisant un isolant dont l\u2019épaisseur sera établie par l'économie réalisée du fait de son emploi.Variétés d'isolants Ce paragraphe à lui seul pourrait être l\u2019objet d\u2019une étude élaborée dont la discussion remplirait un espace beaucoup plus grand que celui mis à notre disposition dans cette revue.Nous nous bornerons donc à ne fournir qu\u2019une nomenclature des diverses sortes d'isolants mis à notre disposition.Septembre 1940 1) Les espaces d'air.L'épaisseur d\u2019un espace d'air doit être de 84 à 1 pouce au plus et l'air qu'il renferme doit être sec.La subdivision de ces espaces est très recommandée et l'emploi de matériaux divers de remplissage, légers et poreux, interceptera les rayons chauds et préviendra les courants de convection.2) Les matériaux de remplissage d\u2019origine végétale ou minérale employés dans les murs et dans les toits suivant une épaisseur variant de 2\u201d\u2019 à 6\u201d.3) Les panneaux rigides faits de rebus de matériaux d'origine végétale.L\u2019épaisseur populaire à la naissance de ces matériaux était de L4\u201d\u2019 mais aujourd'hui l\u2019épaisseur économique est jugée de 115\u201d dans les murs et de 2\u201d sur les toits.4) Les panneaux flexibles se rapprochant des précédents.5) Les planches isolantes dont le type le plus connu est la planche de liège ; les épaisseurs recommandées se rapprochent de celles des panneaux rigides.6) Les blankets faites de produits provenant des trois règnes et généralement retenus entre deux feuilles de papier fort.Pour réussir un dessin, une photo ou un cliché en une et plusieurs couleurs, ayez recoursaupersonnel d'élite d PHOTOGRAVURE e MA A od 1 M | T É E 282 ouest Rue ONTARIO BEiair 3984 MonTREAL rand September, 1940 L\u2019épaisseur employée varie de 14 a 1 pouce sur les murs et jusqu'à 115 pouce sur les toits.Choix de l'isolant Quoique la principale qualité d\u2019un matériel isolant est sa grande résistance au passage de la chaleur ou son faible coefficient la transmission de chaleur, il ne faut pas perdre de vue les nombreuses autres qualités devant influencer le choix d\u2019un isolant.Il est essentiel que tout matériel isolant doit résister à l'humidité, doit être fort, durable, résistant au feu, à l'épreuve de la vermine, facile à poser et de prix raisonnable.Avantages de l'isolation La demande toujours croissante de murs moins épais en vue d\u2019abaisser le coût des constructions modernes et les prix élevés du combustible ont largement contribués au développement et à l\u2019emploi de matériaux isolants; cette pratique a aussi à son crédit, un grand nombre d\u2019autres avantages tels qu'une température plus égale à l\u2019intérieur des bâtisses, moins de courants d\u2019air, moins de risque de feu durant la saison froide, réduction du bruit à l\u2019intérieur des maisons, confort en été et en hiver.Epaisseur économique de l'isolant Deux grands principes fondamentaux nous dirigent dans la détermination de l'épaisseur de l'isolant que l\u2019on doit employer.D'abord, par définition, l'épaisseur économique de l\u2019isolant est celle qui produit le coût minimum combiné de l'isolation considérée comme charge annuelle fixe et des pertes annuelles de chaleur au travers des murs et du toit.Deuxièmement, il ne faut j jamais perdre de vue qu\u2019au delà d\u2019une certaine épaisseur 478 TECHNIQUE initiale, l\u2019économie supplémentaire réalisée par chaque épaisseur additionnelle d\u2019isolant va toujours en diminuant.Étudions les deux graphiques illustrant ces données.Dans le graphique 1 nous avons une relation entre le coefficient de transmission (U) d\u2019un mur ou d\u2019un toit en B.T.U.par pied carré de surface exposée, par degré Fahrenheit, par heure suivant les ordonnées et les différentes épaisseurs en pouce, d\u2019un isolant dont le coefficient de transmission serait de 0.30 B.T.U.par pied carré, par degré Fahrenheit, par heure et par pouce d'épaisseur.(K = 0.30).Les courbes de ce graphique indiquent clairement l\u2019effet diminuant des épaisseurs successives d'isolation appliquée sur les murs ou sur les toits.Par exemple, le coefficient d\u2019un mur non isolé de 0.40, est 0.17 avec 1\u201d d\u2019isolation et 0.11 avec 2\u201d\u2019 d'isolation.Entre 1\u201d et 2\u201d d\u2019isolation les courbes deviennent a symptotiques et la variation du coefficient de transmission au delà de 2\u2019\u2019 d'isolation est presque invariable.Les courbes du graphique 2 représentent les pourcentages de réduction des pertes de chaleur au travers des murs ou des toits par l'emploi d\u2019un isolant dont le coefficient de transmission est de 0.30 (K = 0.30).L'étude de ce graphique démontre bien que l\u2019épaisseur initiale de l'isolant représente la plus grande économie à être réalisée.La réduction des pertes de chaleur au travers d\u2019un mur de 0.40 non isolé, est de 40% pour le premier 14\u2019 d\u2019isolation, de 17.5% additionnel pour le second 15\", de 9.2% additionnel pour le troisième 15\" et de 5.89, additionnel pour le quatrième 15\u201d.Coût de l'isolation L'isolation d\u2019une bâtisse en construction coûte environ de 3 à 5% du coût total de la construction mais cette dépense est en partie remboursée par l\u2019économie réalisée dans l'installation de système de chauffage, et la balance remboursée en quelques années par l\u2019économie annuelle du combustible.Il est très difficile de fixer un coût général de l'isolation des vieilles maisons; l\u2019isolation du toit dans la plupart des cas ne coûte pas beaucoup plus que pour une bâtisse en construction mais celle des murs peut coûter jusqu\u2019à $500 d\u2019après le procédé employé.Conclusion En plus de l\u2019amélioration des conditions de confort et de salubrité, la maison bien (Suite à la page 497) es es \u2014m 244 em mm oe em rd mm ee pe en rem emt mv oem [ue present day trend towards home ownership tends to eliminate the element of high pressure salesmanship from the profession of architecture, if it ever existed.The prospective home owner has no longer to be \u201csold\u201d to the same extent as he had to be in the past.Government loans, and government sponsored advertising have already \u2018\u2018paved\u2019\u201d the way.The architect's problem is reduced to suiting or guiding the taste of his client, which is really just another way of saying one and the same thing.For the prospective home builder is now like the man who requires a new suit of clothes.He is aware of his need but is not as yet entirely aware of the direction in which that need may be most adequately met.It must not be assumed from this argument, however, that the element of true salesmanship is nowadays lacking.The successful architect must possess in even greater degree perhaps than before all the essentials of first class salesmanship.Lower interest rates and high pressure home advertising have merely combined to place the emphasis in other quarters, that is all.In place of selling the idea of home ownership to the prospective home owner the architect is now called upon to correct a thousand fallacies inherent in that implanted idea, and that without, if possible, cooling his client\u2019s original ardour.For the ideas or ideals of the ambitious home buyer are generally crude in the extreme.Remember your own mental reservations and resolutions \u2018when I build my own home.\u201d Then multiply it by 100 and attempt to debunk it.Human nature being what it is, the home owner's desires are always miles ahead of his pocket book, and his ideas on home planning gleaned for the greater part from journalists wholly uninitiated in the intricacies of modern design, bristle with inaccuracies.The transformation of dreams into realities has always been considered to be the sphere of creative genius, yet that is exactly what the modern architect is called upon to do.For the dreams of his clients must be tactfully squeezed of expensive idealism and translated into concrete and stone, wood and tile, brick and mortar, PLANNING A HOME By W.GEORGE DE BELLE, Architect before the \u2018\u2018dream-castle\u2019\u2019 can become a habitable abode.And in this process of\u2019 transformation there are many trials and tribulations and many pitfalls for both architect and home owner.If you have a suit of clothes made to your measure and find yourself disappointed with the cut or design you are obliged to live with that disappointment only a matter of months, during which time the tailor doubtless comes in for plenty of abuse.But if vou build a home and are disappointed with the finished product you are often obliged to live with it for the rest of your life.Can you wonder then that there are so few successful architects?That is why the initial planning of the home, in careful consultation with its future possessor, requires all the skill, tact, ingenuity, knowledge, patience and what have you, of the successful residential designer.There are, of course, many other aspects of the current government-sponsored campaign for home ownership besides its effect on methods of salesmanship.By bringing the spotlight of publicity to bear upon the problems of the small home owner and encouraging new efforts in low cost housing design, it has changed the entire picture for the average residential architect.In the first place, it has developed a host of excellent substitute building materials and accessories that is fast revolutionizing the building industry.In the second place it has tended \u2018to place the emphasis on utility of design rather than artistic futility.People are currently buying homes as suitable places to live in, rather than as properties to own, or stately residences to admire, and the up-and-coming architect, and his coadjutor the builder, are constantly being reminded of this.That is not to say of course, that appearance can, or should be, neglected.There never was an age in which attention to exterior detail was more carefully cultivated.Many people have come to look upon their home as their hobby, and hobbies are nearly always \u2018\u2018dressed up.\u201d But it does mean that the modern home is designed and built for and by the people who are to live in it.They no longer desire to adjust their mode of living to suit their home.479 TRON oe September, 1940 So it is that out of a welter of changing form and conflicting opinion in regard to interior and exterior design one concrete fact emerges\u2014the current stress upon utilitarianism.As people now buy homes to suit their individual requirements we find that the kitchen is no longer merely a place to put the stove and the sink in, it is a carefully planned house-wife\u2019s laboratory.In it are all the latest culinary and household aids in smallest and most convenient compass.From rather a lowly origin, it has become the pride of the establishment.The bathrooms again are plural rather than singular.Where one large, ugly family affair filled the bill a few decades ago the same space, or a little additional, allows for two modern bathrooms that are a delight to behold.Attractive tile floor and dado, recessed mirrors and cupboards, indirect lighting are but a fraction of the radical changes brought by utilitarian demand.Basements, too, are no longer vast areas of waste space to accumulate the dust and rubbish of generations, but fitted playrooms or adult recreation quarters often containing, at slight extra cost, additional toilet TECHNIQUE facilities, open fireplaces and laundry requirements.Windows which were once little more than air and light \u2018inlets are now carefully fashioned to attract the maximum amount of sunlight and fresh air.Such matters as cross-ventilation and the quality of available sunlight is carefully calculated and provided for.Concealed radiation, air-con- ditioning, two-toned bells, specially devised electric lighting, each and every aspect of the modern home endeavours to fill an existing need.And down to the minutest detail the architect must justify the existence of each.Yes, the age of innocence is past.Your prospective home owner now dares to discuss with you, with some degree of intelligence, the pros and cons of even the most technical matters relating to the construction of his home.His diffidence, or indifference, are of another generation and are \u2018\u2018gone with the wind.\u201d There are no longer any holy of holies reserved exclusively for the building designer.He may not say \u2018\u2018that is something totally beyond you,\u201d or he will be suspected of subterfuge.He must drag kis OVER 200 SCHOOLS NOW STANDARDIZE ON 13\" SUPER REGAL Manufactured by THE R.K.LEBLOND MACHINE TOOL CO.Cincinnati, Ohio Canadian Agents SUPER-REGALS Students appreciate that on LeBlond Regals they are getting the most practical training for the job ahead \u2014on real lathes built on the same pattern as the big engine lathes of industry.With all moving parts enclosed for operating safety, with speed change made by levers instead of belts, with the new Rapid Speed Selector, with the Timken bearing headstock.LeBlond Super Regals possess every essential feature that makes for practical student training.WILLIAMS & WILSON Limited 544 Inspector St., Montreal, P.Q.480 203 St.John St., Quebec, P.Q.PES « 7 & TECHNIQUE stock-in-trade out into the open like any other merchant and take his client completely into his confidence.He has to justify his every expenditure in terms of its future usefulness or economy.He has to discuss exterior and interior finishes, plumbing, heating, insulating and a host of other items and materials in accordance with his client\u2019s means.He has left the realm of architectural design, pure and simple, to become a guide, philosopher and friend.Perhaps it is all to the good, tor only a philosopher and friend could accomplish the next task of the architect adequately\u2014 the initial task in planning a home\u2014deter- mining the client\u2019s financial status, or at least the amount he can afford to pay for his purchase.Probably the best and safest criterion in determining overall cost is present rent, or the average rent paid by the client over the past five years unless exceptional circumstances such as recent large salary increase, or expected and permanent increase, enters the situation.If present rent is, let us say, Designed by W.George DeBelle, Architect \u2014Pholographed by Associated Screen News Limited Septembre 1940 sixty dollars per month then the fixed charges on the property should not greatly exceed $700.00 a year.There are, of course, some notable exceptions to this as to any rule, but it is as good a guide as any and will help many a budding architect to build as enviable a reputation for himself as the most attractive and successful of homes could establish for him.The home owner who finds himself in possession of, a property, no matter how attractive it may be, that is far beyond his means to support, is not liable to be a good advertisement for the architect who guided his choice.This is one of the vital aspects of the designer's job that is so often overlooked both by the professional and the layman.And yet as the bulk of the architect's advertising has to be done by word of mouth the goodwill of each and every one of his satisfied customer\u2019s is to him of primary importance.Perhaps no other undertaking in life is ever so seriously entered into as building one's home\u2014no, not even marriage\u2014and rightly so.For many years of pleasure and 481 FPR September, 1940 comfort are in store for the satisfied home owner.But it all depends upon the adjective \u2014satisfied.Which in turn depends upon a correct financial footing plus some few other aspects that we shall attempt to outline later.Thus it is incumbent upon the designer to eliminate all his client\u2019s mistakes in advance.He must never permit himself to be carried away by the latter's enthusiasm, ar he will live to rue the day.The fault will never be the home owner\u2019s fault.He will conveniently forget the source of origin in such phrases as \u2018he should never have let me in for it.What did he study architecture for?\u2019 That would be bad enough in itself but soon everybody in the community will be advised of the fact, with embellishments, and our architect\u2019s stock goes down another ten points.The overall cost finally determined the next task is to build the home around the family requirements.And here the problem of costs may be said to determine many things.The size of the home, the approximate number of rooms, the location of the garage, if any, the type and quality of materials of construction to be used in the building.The architect, before attempting to draw up or suggest plans, or even permit his client to offer concrete suggestions, should spend days and nights in careful consultation with both husband and wife over ways and means and materials and costs and distinctions as between gadgets and accessories and the number of built-in fixtures required (very important), cupboards, kitchen, toilets, bathrooms, basements, in fact all the hundred and one things that enter into modern residential requirements.Thus and thus only will the family dream house, of five years or more, assume any successful semblance of reality under the architect\u2019s practised hand.TEL.MA.2030 | INTERNATIONAL AGENCY Ltd.J.-A.BARRETTE, Prés.Représentants de manufactures Machinerie en général.Spécialités : polisseuses, perceuses et tourne-vis électriques Chambre 314, Edifice Saint-Nicholas, Montréal 482 TECHNIQUE Just as cost determines size, so do family requirements determine design.The size of the family settles the question of large bedrooms or small in the modest home.It also determines for whom the basement room shall be designed.The question of hall space, sunroom and den is also dependent upon family size as are, in general, colour schemes, bathroom arrangements, veranda space, kitchen size and breakfast nook provisions.The well designed home may be said to be an expression of needs plus personality.It is a concept of the maximum comfort combined with consummate artistry.Although exterior embellishment must never predominate it must permeate the entire establishment.For the character of the owner should be inherent in the character of the design of the home.An artist requires one type of residence, a business man another.The design of each should reflect the character of each.The architect interprets this subtle distinction in brick and stone.With this axiom in mind and his sheaf of noted suggestions your designer retires to his sanctum sanctorum to translate through the medium of pencil and paper and his own experience the initial draught of the \u2018home of tomorrow.\u201d In case you should think that it is all plain sailing from now on we must, even at the risk of being accused of boring, remind you ot another very important factor in planning the modern home\u2014fashion.Besides keeping carefully in mind all the foregoing, namely his client's financial ability and requirements, there is trend to consider.For, believe it or not, there are fashions in homes just as there are fashions in clothes, and cars, and furniture.And if you buy a new home you are naturally anxious that it should conform to the latest in residential design, provided, of course, such design is not of a radical nature.That is practically axiomatic in building : avoid the extremes of fashion as you would a leper\u2019s handshake.For people, on an average, are conservative souls.They may like the extreme at a distance or in the possession of somebody else, but never make the mistake of being the architect for that \u2018\u2018somebody else\u2019 if you value your business in that community.Once trends are established, however, people recognize them and want them.Thus the modern bathroom is accepted as compact without being cramped, due mainly to the cost of the tile and the fact that so many additional fixtures are required.Te Sam \u2014 tr TF ss CTS \u2014_ TTI Th TT a py \u2014\u2014 am ee mt e\u2014e ER es an Ems ly of m a.Ir a TECHNIQUE Another distinct and accepted trend is the desire for smaller and cosier rooms, with perhaps the single exception of the living room.This is possibly traceable to the influence of apartment house design upon residential requirements.The architect after completion of the plans has then the task of explaining to the client why plugs, electric switches, door swings, etc., are as shown, and frequently finds that a coloured sketch of the future home is most desirable.Upon completion of plans and before calling tenders, it would seem advisable to suggest to the client to check over his previous list of requirements and be sure that all have been met, as we all know that extras are not only expensive, but quite unnecessary, and to the architect if not quite, then almost as annoying as the client.The client should have a detailed explanation of expenses and responsibility, the responsibility of the architect, contractor and expenses that the client must be ready to meet himself such as electric fixtures and other movables which are seldom included in a general contract.Possibly the first milestone so far as the client is concerned is the calling of tenders\u2014 it is really a most exciting time for the home owner and they should be allowed to enjoy it to the fullest.After signing of the contract with the successful contractor, the second milestone quickly appears in the turning of the first sod when the steam shovel starts excavat- ing\u2014from this time on progress is rapid and the client can be assured of no pitfalls\u2014 unless he listens to the suggestions of too many well meaning friends, who, most naturally have their own pet theories about built-in furniture, shelves in cupboards, kitchen planning and a host of other small items which they have no doubt would greatly improve the home.These well meaning friends are actually the worst enemy of the architect and owner.The architect has frequently to act as interior decorator, suggesting colours for walls, curtains, drapes, furniture, electric fixtures, always trying when possible to use the suggestions of his client, even though toning them down.The residence illustrated though cosy in appearance has complete head room on bedroom floor.It is individual insofar that it expresses many thoughts of the owner not only in the planning and disposition of rooms but in many of its external features.Septembre 1940 NOTES FOR PROSPECTIVE HOME BUILDERS (Continued from page 461) and from the grounds, clean all windows, walls, ceilings, floors, fixtures and hardware and leave the entire premises in a clean and orderly condition.He should also do all grading; make and properly finish all walks and driveways, and complete all landscaping that falls within the terms of the agreement.It is important that the backfill consist of earth and stone only, all building rubbish such as boxes, bits of wood and wire being completely removed from the owner's lot.It is strongly recommended that the owner take an actual part in the supervision of his house and do not leave all the work to the general contractor, loan company inspector, architect, or other inspectors sent to check on particular sections of the job.Do not be backward in asking questions, offering constructive suggestions or criticism and otherwise letting the other nterested parties know that you insist on every little detail being correct and the very best.Have a definite date set for the completion of your home and try and delay moving in until everything is completed.Before moving in have the architect and the contractor make a survey with you and make notes and criticisms as required.Do not allow time to drag when things have to be done, keep after the contractor and make him complete his job.Le goudron qu\u2019on obtient dans les usines à gaz sert de base à plus de deux mille produits différents parmi lesquels on peut citer les teintures, des antiseptiques, des boules à mites et des parfums.Quand vous avez besoin de charbon, ou de bois de chauffage, appelez CLairval 4081-82 J.ROGERS 2085, av.Bennett SERVICE RAPIDE 483 RE: 14:14 NOMENCLATURE DES PRINCIPAUX BOIS DE FRANCE ET D'OUTRE-MER\" se reporter au Répertoire Général du Tarif de la Direction Générale des Douanes (Lexique Douanier des Bois) modifié et complété TABLEAU C NOMENCLATURE DES PRINCIPAUX BOIS IMPORTÉS DE L\u2019ÉTRANGER NoTA.\u2014 Pour la répartition de ces essences entre les deux catégories douanières : Bois communs (Art.1:8 et suivants) Bois fins (Art.138) par Avis aux Importateurs paru au J.O.du 7 décembre 1935.Les essences suivies du signe ° sont importées régulièrement.Nos ; REPÈ-| DENOMINATION AUTRES NOMS Nom PROVENANCE OBSERVATIONS RES OFFICIELLE COMMERCIAUX ?SCIENTIFIQUE 256 Chênes du Japon ° Nara Quercus crispula Bl.et Japon Bois tendres de belles dimensions, espéces affines recherchés pour le déroulage, l\u2019ébénisterie, la menuiserie.257 Citron de Ceylan Ceylon Satinwood, East Chloroxylon Swientenia Ceylan Bois de placage pour ébénisterie et Indian Satinwood, Flo- D.C.marqueterie.wered Satinwood 258 Cochenille Partridge Wood, Bois Caesalpinia Granadillo Venezuela Bois de tabletterie, brosserie, tournerie.perdrix, Grenadille Pittier Dalbergia retusa Hems.D.Amérique Centrale Bois de tabletterie, brosserie, tournerie.259 Cocobolo Palissandre de l\u2019Améri- hypoleuca Pittier D.Gra- que Centrale.nadillo Pithrer Ot6 | \u201cJ8qua;dec INOINHDAL HH co ul 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 1 L'Office de Linquistique de la Société des Ecrivains canadiens a bien voulu nous confier la publication d\u2019une série de vocabulaires techniques qu'il doit lui-même à la grande obligeance de l'Association Française de Normalisation (Paris).Courbaril Cornouiller de Floride, Cornouiller de Nuttall (Dogwood) Ebène noire Ébène Macassar ° Érable à sucre (a)(Érable d\u2019Amérique) (b) Érable argenté (c) Érable rouge ou Plaine Érable Plane ° Érable Sycomore ° Espénille Algarrobo, Locust Cornouillier d'Amérique, Pacific Dogwood Ebony, Ebène de Ceylan, de Bombay, du Mozambique Ébène marbrée Rock Maple, Hard Maple, (noms officiels au Canada et aux E.-U.), Sugar Maple, White Maple (aubier seul), Érable à sucre Soft Maple (nom officiel commun), Silver Maple et Red Maple Plane Sycomore, Sycomore Plane, Ahorn, bergahorn, spitzahorn (allemand) Hispanille, Citron des Antilles, West Indian Satinwood Hymenea Courbaril L.Cornus florida L.& C.Nutalii Audubon Diospyros Ebenum Koen et Diospyros divers Diospyros divers Acer saccharum Marsh.et A.nigrum F.A.Michx Acer saccharinum Let Arubrum L.Acer platanoides L.Acer Pseudophlatanus L.Zanthoxylon flavum Vahl.Existe en Guyane Française importé des Antilles, Amérique Centrale, Guya- nes, Brésil Est et Ouest des E.-U.Existe dans les colonies françaises, importée du Mozambique, des Indes Anglaises, de Ceylan Indes Néerlandaises Est du Canada et des E.-U.Existent en France, importés d'Europe Centrale J Antilles Bois de placage pour ébénisterie.Une espéce de cornouillier existe en France, mais devient rare.Les espéces américaines sont importées en remplacement, en particulier pour la fabrication de navettes de métiers à tisser.Nos colonies satisfaisant à la presque totalité des besoins, il n'est importé que de minimes quantités d'ébènes noires étrangères réclamées pour la lutherie.Ce type d\u2019ébène marbrée n'ayant pas de similaire dans la production coloniale est recherché pour le placage et la décoration.Espèces souvent confondues, malgré les différences de dureté.La première fournit les bois mouchetés, frisés et pommelés, recherchés peur le placage.La production française étant insuffisante, les érables plane et sycomore sont importés de l'étranger, notamment pour la fabrication de placages.Bois de placage et de marqueterie.Nous sommes assurés que ces travaux rendront les plus précieux française au Canada.Référer à la revue TECHNIQUE de janvier, services non seulement aux techniciens, aux professeurs, mais aussi bien à tous ceux (et il en reste encore, Dieu merci!) qui se préoccupent de la correction et de la précision de la langue février, mars, avril, décemdre 1939, janvier et février 1940.2 Sauf indication contraire, les dénominations portées dans cette colonne sont en langue française ou anglaise.INOINHDIL Ov6L 81qua;daG 98ÿ TABLEAU C (suite) NOMENCLATURE DES PRINCIPAUX BOIS IMPORTÉS DE L\u2019ÉTRANGER Nos ; REPÈ- DÉNOMINATION AUTRES NOMS Nom PROVENANCE OBSERVATIONS RES OFFICIELLE COMMERCIAUX ! SCIENTIFIQUE 268 Frêne blanc White Ash (nom officiel Fraxinus americana L.et Est du Canada et des E.-U.Recherché particulièrement pour la d\u2019Amérique au Canada et aux E.-U.) espèces affines fabrication de skis et manches d'outils.Canadian White Ash, American White Ash 269 Frêne d\u2019Europe ° Ash, Esche (allemand) Fraxinus excelsior L.Existe en France, importé Importé en complément de la production d'Europe Centrale, Tur- indigène déficitaire.| quie, U.R.S.S.270 Gaïac Lignum Vitae, Pockholz Guaiacun.officinale L.et Antilles et Amérique Utilisé en tournerie pour billes, galets, (allemand) G.sanctum L.Centrale poulies, coussinets, etc.271 Greenheart Groenhart (hollandais) Ocotea Rodioei Mez.Guyanes hollandaise etan- Recherché pour les travaux hydrauli- Cœur vert glaise, rare en Guyane fran-| ques et maritimes.çaise 272 Hêtre ° Rotbuche (allemand) Fagus sylvatica L.Existe en France, importé Produit en France en quantité suffi- de Belgique et d'Europe santes, le hêtre est surtout importé Centrale pour les besoins des régions frontalières.273 Hicorier ou Caryer | Note ?(Hickory ©) Hicoria ovata Britton, H.; Hickory (nom officiel) laciniosa Sargent, H.alba |Les bois des diverses espéces sont Britton, H.glabra Swet, H.|Centre des E.-U.us concurremment dans l\u2019indus- ovalis Sudw.trie textile et pour la fabrication de skis et de manches d'outils.Pecan (nom officiel) [Hicoria pecan, Britt.et H.\\cordiformis Britt.274 Imbuya Embuia Phoebe porosa Mez.Sud du Brésil, Argentine Bois de placage et d'ébénisterie.275 Jarrah Eucalyptus marginata Sm.Australie Eucalyptus importé occasionnellement pour des travaux hydrauliques.276 Kamassi Buis de Knysna, Knys- Gonioma Kamassi E.Maj.Afrique du Sud Importé en remplacement du buis.na Boxwood 277 Karri Eucalyptus diversicolor F.Australie Eucalyptus importé occasionnellement Mueh pour des travaux hydrauliques.es .wire ecarlerun Bases ae Leu \u20ac \"\u20ac3t