The Journal of agriculture and horticulture, 1 octobre 1922, dimanche 1 octobre 1922

[" Ge JOURNAL | 1 - hy \u2026 *AGRICULIURE AND HORTICULTURE Volume 26 October Ist 1922 Number à k PRIZE-WINNING TRACTOR PLOWING AT THE 1921 PROVINCIAL PLOWING MATCH \u2014Photo shows R.Bruce Ness of Howick, graduate of Macdonald College, turning the furrows that won for him first prize at last years provincial competition, held at Quebec.The second Provincial Plowing Match to be held under the auspices of the Quebec Plowman\u2019s Association, will open at St.Eustache, Two Mountains, on October 17.This match will continue for three days.It will provide for competition in all recognized plowing events and will in addition bring out a large tractor and machinery demonstration.The site chosen is on the farms of MM.Emile Groulx, Arthur and Eustache Belanger.This place is situated but 20 miles from À Montreal and is connected with the city by a macadam road.To those farmers who can attend this event the 1922 Provin- 3 cial Match promises much of interest.PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF \u2018 THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. II THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE £, 7 Wi wae RE aly I] Aa RET Jan > io ty v A aim \u201cHa / { 0e ha pass o YE Bf Fo AN ss) ; Cu y | A Heavier Oil than\u201cE\u201d?First count the cost Heavier oil than Gargoyle Mobiloil \u201cE\u2019\u2019 in your Ford engine nearly always causes a drag on the engine.This means loss of power.Heavier oil than Gargoyle Mobiloil \u201cE\u201d cannot begin so quickly to feed to every friction surface when the engine is started.Heavier oil than Gargoyle Mobiloil \u201cE\u201d\u201d is not well adapted to the Ford splash system of lubrication.Heavier oil than Gargoyle Mobiloil \u2018\u2018E\u2019\u201d cannot so thoroughly reach and protect your upper cylinder walls, piston rings and piston pin bearings.Heavier oil than Gargoyle Mobiloi! \u201c\u2018E\u201d\u201d cannot flow as quickly and freely through the header pipe.Heavier oil than Gargoyle Mobiloil \u201cE\u201d\u2019* cannot get so perfectly between the bearing surfaces.Heavier oil than Gargoyle Mobiloil \u201cE\u2019\u2019 will not burn so freely from the ignition points of the spark plugs.Heavier oil than Gargoyle Mobiloil \u201cEE\u201d nearly always leaves a heavier carbon : À © you drive another make deposit.: of car, send for the Every mechanical fac- O | (0) | booklet, \u201cCorrect Lubri- > cation\u201d, Make the chart your guide IMPERIAL OIL LIMITED Manufacturers and Marketers of Imperial Polarine Motor Oils and Marketers in Canada of Gargoyle Mobiloil.tor and operating require- PREMe ment of your Ford engine calls for oil of the body, character and quality of Gargoyle Mobiloil \u201cE\u201d\u2019.No heavier or lighter oil can give such protection or such economy.When changing to Gargoyle Mobiloil \u201cE\u201d\u2019 do not flush the engine with coal oil.A part of the coal oil will remain in the splash troughs and tend to destroy the lubricating qualities of the new oil.Draw off the old oil after engine has been running and while hot.In the differential of your Ford use Gargoyle Mobiloil CC\" or Mobilubricant as specified by the Chart of Recommendations.IN BUYING Gargoyle Mobiloil from your dealer, it is safest to purchase in original packages.Look for the red Gargoyle on the container.The Vacuum Oil Comparry\u2019s Chart specifies the grade of Gargoyle Mobiloil for every \u201c make and model of car.Gar- ids, goyle Mobiloil \u201cE\u201d is the correct grade for Fords.If fra, Saveur esse Leur va cu ou cong Seva cp PANY Rheumatism A Remarkable Home Treatment Given by One Who Had It In the year of 1893 1 was attacked by Muscular and Sub-Acute Rheumatism, 1 suffered as only those who are thus afflicted know for over three years.| tried remedy after remedy, but such relief as I obtained was only temporary, Finally, I found a treatment that cured me completely and such a pitiful condition has never returned.I have given it to a number who were terribly afflicted even bed ridden, some of results were the same as in my own case.I want every sufferer from any form of muscular and sub-acute (swelling at the joints) rhumatism, to try the great value of my improved \u201cHome Treatment\u201d for its remarkable healing power, Don\u2019t send a cent: simply mail your name and address, and 1 will send it free to try.After you have used it, and it has proven itself to be that long- looked for means of getting rid of such forms for rheumatism, you may send the price of it, One Doilar, but understand 1 do not want your money unless you are perfectly satisfied to send it.Isn't that fair?Why suffer any longer, when relief is thus them seventy to eighty years old, and A offered you free.Don't delay.Write to-day.Mark H.Jackson, 259-J.Durston Bldg., racuse, N, Y Mr.Jackson is responsible.Above statement true, » The difference between good hogs and poor hogs\u2014between profit and loss\u2014is largely the difference in their health and vigor.Hurry your hogs to market weight in shorter time \u2014 cash-in on them quicker\u2014by adding to their ration a small amount of Pratts Hog Tonic A guaranteed tonic and regulator, that tones up the system and puts hogs in tip-top condition.Helps keep disease away, makes hogs healthy and hearty.Then they stand up under the strain of heavy feeding and turn all their food : into pork.\u201cYour Money Back IF YOU Are Not Satisfied.\" Made In our own factory in Toronto Sold by dealers all over Canada.Write for FREE Booklet\u2014worth dollire to you.Prait Food Co., of Canada, Limited 328G Carlaw Ave.Toronto.A BSS TCL TIRE JY io Reduces Bursal Enlargements, Thickened, Swollen Tissues, \u2018Curbs, Filled Tendons, Soreness from Bruises or Strains; stops Spavin Lameness, allays pain.Does not blister, remove the hair or lay up the horse.$2.50 a bottle at druggists or delivered.Book 1 R free, ABSORBINE, JR., for mankind\u2014an antiseptic liniment for bruises, cuts, wounds, strains, painful, swollen veins or glands.It heals and soothes, $1.25 a bottle at druggists or postpaid.Will tell you more if you Write, W.F.YOUNG, Inc., 134 Lymans Bldg., Montreal, Can, Absorbine and Absorbine, Jr.are made ia Canada al TR Eo SNS \u201d 4 a NS =.>» y ; i} MLL TIS Why You\u2019ll Like the Quick-Lite 1 It Brings You 300 Candle- Power of Beautiful, Pure White Brilliance\u201420 times the light of an old style oil lamp, 2 There Is No Glare or Flicker &boutit to hurt or strain your eyes, Your Quick-Lite always gives you à clear, steady-shining and sight- saving light.3 It Is the Cheapest Light Youn Can Use\u2014Mskes and burns its own gas from common motor gasoline at a cost of less than 2c for an evening of clear, helpful radiance.4 No Greasy Wicks fo Trim.No dirty chimneys to wash.No smoke; no soot; no dirt; nodripping oll.Na daily filling\u2014furnishes more than 40 hours brilliant service per gallon of fuel used.5 Can\u2019t Spill Fuel or Explode\u2014 even if tipped over, Can't be filled while lighted.On \u201cPermitted List of National Fire Underwriters.\u201d 6 Lights With Common Matches \u2014No alcohol torch needed.No trouble\u2014 No delay.| 7 Beautiful in Design.Built of brass\u2014heavily nickeled and highly polished.Has Universal Shade Holder fitting many different styles, 8 Standard in Price Every- where\u2014Style CQ329, price $12.50.9 Inspected, Tested and Guaranteed.Made in Canada.Take this advertisement to Your dealer.He will gladly get a Quick-Lite for you on approval, Write for Free Booklet on Better Light and showing various styles of Quick-Lite Lamps and Lanterns.French correspondence given prompt attention.Coleman Lamp Co., Ltd.\\\\ 81E Coleman Bldg.Toronto, Canada THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE In ; Tr There is no more excuse for friction between wheels than there is for friction between neighbors.Unnecessary friction must be banished.It can be by using Imperial Lubricants for your tractor and automobile, for your harvester, seeder and all other farm machines.Properly lubricated, all of your farm machinery will last longer and will cost less to operate.Proper lubrication does away with unnecessary farm machinery troubles, worries and repair bills.It is important that you use the right Imperial Lubricant for each purpose.See the list below.IMPERIAL Lubricants FOR ALL FARM PURPOSES IMPERIAL POLARINE OIL IMPERIAL POLARINE MEDIUM OIL IMPERIAL POLARINE HEAVY OIL For gasoline-burning;engines-automobiles and trucks.IMPERIAL POLARINE SPECIAL HEAVY OIL For kerosene-burning stationary engines and tractors.IMPERIAL POLARINE EXTRA HEAVY OIL For motors requiring an unusually heavy oil.IMPERIAL PRAIRIE HARVESTER OIL IMPERIAL GRANITE HARVESTER OIL For open bearings of separators, binders, etc.IMPERIAL CAPITOL CYLINDER OIL For steam cylinder lubrication-tractors and stationary engines IMPERIAL GAS ENGINE OIL *For stationary or portable engines, kerosene or gasoline.IMPERIAL POLARINE CUP GREASE IMPÉRIAL THRESHER HARD OIL For grease cup lubrication\u2014clean, solidified oils.The Imperial Charts of Recommendations show exactly what grade of Imperial Polarine Motor Oils will give the best results with your type of truck, tractor or automobile.Further information will be gladly supplied by the Imperial Oil man\u2014 an expert on lubrication.IMPERIAL OIL LIMITED Canadian Company Canadian Capital Canadian Workmen (/ LAMARRE & CO.Ltd, XY PRESS THE MARVELLOUS Reversible baling press, steel frame and bale chamber, malleable iron power, double acting rebound plunger, steel pitman and sweep.REDUCED PRICES Buy directly from the manufacturers and save money.St.Remi, Co.Nap.Que.J Such a remedy is \u201cVIVAT\u201d of the Horse.6 days treatment 50c Dr.Ed.MORIN & Co., Limited QUEBEC, Que.The Ideal Specific for all Ailments CURE YOUR HORSE If you own a horse that loose its appetite, has a poor coat, a sad look and seems to be on the decline.If he suffers from Coughs or Heaves, he need a good remedy to stop the progress of the disease.\u201cVIVAT\u201d cures promptly Coughs, Heaves, Colic, Worms, ete.It strengthens and increases the endurance of work, race or pleasure horses.= z Hi =a Es a A Fd You are deeply interested in the increase production of your farm.You must then keep yourself well posted as to the best means to do it.The Journal of Agriculture contains valuable information in every issue and it costs only $1.00 per annum, Send your subscription to the Director of the Journal of Agriculture, Legislature Building, Quebec.On request we send a sample copy.0 , - , 3 il \\ À Be Ki f R./ © A 13 ~ AN A Delightful Test To bring you prettier teeth This offers you a ten-day test which will be a revelation to you.It will show you the way to whiter, cleaner, safer teeth.Millions of people of some forty races now employ this method.Leading dentists everywhere advise it.You should learn how much it means to you and yours.Clouded by a film Your teeth are clouded more or less by film.The fresh film is viscous \u2014 you can feel it with your tongue.It clings to teeth, enters crevices and stays.Old methods of brushing leave much of that film intact.The film apsorbs stains, so the teeth look discolored.Film is the basis of tartar.How it ruins teeth That film holds food substance which ferments and forms acids.It holds the acids in contact with the teeth to cause decay.Millions of germs breed in it.They, with tartar, are the chief cause of pyorrhea.So most tooth troubles are now traced to that film, and they are almost universal.Made in Canada Pepsadsend The New-Day Dentifrice Endorsed by modern authorities and now advised by leading dentists nearly all the world over.All druggists supply the large tubes.Now we combat it Dental science, after long research, has found two film combatants.Many careful tests have proved their efficiency.Leading dentists everywhere urge their daily use.A new-day tooth paste has been created, called Pepsodent.It complies with modern requirements.And these two great film combatants are embodied in it.Two other effects Pepsodent brings two other effects which authority now deems essential.It multiplies the starch digestant in the saliva.It multiplies the alkalinity of the saliva, That is Nature\u2019s neutralizer for acids which cause decay.Send the ccupon for a 10-Day Tube and watch these effects for a while, Note how clean the teeth feel after using.Mark the absence of the viscous film.See how teeth whiten as the film-coats disappear.Then judge the benefits by what ycu see and feel.You will be amazed.10-Day Tube Free Can THE PEPSODENT COMPANY \"Dept.336 191 George St., Toronto, Ont.Mail 10-Day Tube of Pepsodent to Only one tube to a family. IV THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Banking by Mail Penny Wise and Pound Foolish \u2014 is the man who thinks to save the expense of Life Insurance.| Certain premiums may be saved, but at the expense of the future.ARMERS and others may, if To achieve for himself what a Life Insurance Policy will do for him completely and at once, he must save regularly at compound interest for many years a sum equal to the annual premium a policy they wish, do their banking Total Assets with this Bank by mail.A would involve.He must make no bad investment and he must be in Excess of « .+139 .$650,000,000 folder on \u201cBanking by Mail\u201d will sure of living.be sent free on application at any He who insures takes no risk, neither does his family.Are you Branch.insure?If not, let us send you particulars of some inexpensive Great- West Policies combining adequate protection with favorable investment.THE GREAT-WEST LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY Head Office WINNIPEG MANITOBA Head Office: Montreal Branches in all Important Centres in Canada Savings Departments in all Branches Bank of Montreal Established Over 100 Years.a SAN Cured Her | Va EBON Rh ti C7 % » 4.; HA Pp bl Q Knowing from terrible experience the suffering caused by rheumatism.Mrs.J, E, Hurst, who lives at 608 E.Douglas Street, C-41 Bloomington, Ill.,, is so thankful at having cured herself that out of pure gratitude she is anxious to tell all other sufferers just how to get rid of their torture by a simple way at home.Mrs.Hurst has nothing to sell.Merely mail your own name and address, and she will gladly send you this valuable information entirely free.Write her at once before you forget.The Genuine FAIRBANKS | SCALE | (MADE IN CANADA) 3 There is nothing more destructive of real money value\u2014nothing which attacks and destroys more different kinds of property than the weather.\u201c 500 lbs.* $2350 1000 lbs.$27.50 ¥.0.B.Montreal Plus Inspection and Sales Tax The winds and frosts of winter attack your buildings and wear away their life \u2014 if they are not protected with paint.q 5 reasons for Into the unprotected wood the frost and damp- painting NOW ness eat their way\u2014break down and destroy the , fibre.Soon the nails rust and loosen.Moisture \u2014 ause weather * ° conditions.ER creeps in, it freezes and expands; heaves and \u2014surfaces are now in their cracks the joints; makes more openings \u2014 and most receptive condition, prac- 1 £ h d tically every trace of moisture \u2014 3 fically every trace of moisture larger ones \u2014for the destructive work of the summer sun.weather.\u2014the wood being dry it absorbs more readily and the absors more wea.Paint not only protects your pocket against loss \u2014 à surface needing.protection by weather but it adds beauty and attractiveness should never be allowed to go over the winter without it.to your home.\u2014property needs more pro tection during winter than at \u2019 A A .any other tine, Don\u2019t wait till Spring\u2014now 18 the logical time to Paint These low prices are made possible by volume production.It is the accurate, portable Fairbanks Scale that you have always needed.This scale stays correct because it has steel - to - steel bearings, It has arrow - tip beam, large platform, wide wheels.The Canadian Fairbanks- ° ° Morse Co., Limited 0 St.John Quebec Montreal O 1 1S Ottawa Toronto Hamilton © Windsor Winnipeg Regina Saskatoon 81 Calgary f Vancouver Victoria 11A nyt A a, THE JOUR ELCO-LIGHT The Modern Electric Light and Power System fc 2a 4 ° ; Style Over 160,000 satisfied users are enjoying the comfort, convenience and economy of Delco-Light.Farms, churches, schools, stores\u2014in every place where an individual electric plant is necessary\u2014 Delco-Light is accepted as the modern light and power system.There are 25 styles and sizes of Delco-Light plants\u2014a size to fit every need exactly.Every plant is equipped with the famous four-cycle, valve-in-head, air-cooled engine with only one place to oil.Think of the comfort Delco-Light can bring to your home by supplying electric light in your house, in your garage and stables; by supplying power to run the churn, the washing machine, pump the water for the household and the stock.All this you can have at a very low cost.Your nearest dealer will gladly tell you all about Delco- Light\u2014will demonstrate the plant best fitted to your needs right in your home without obligation to you.Ask him about our easy payment plan.DELCO-LIGHT CO., of CANADA, LIMITED OSHAWA, ONT.THE CHARLEBOIS CO., Limited 443 St.James Street.MONTREAL IT 3b 41] D 1a size ford / NAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE V Hundreds of \u201cBrantford\u201d Windmills have been pumping water from deep and shallow wells for over 20 years\u2014at absolutely no expense for repairs or upkeep.It is the cheapest pumping power obtainable, We make pumps, tanks and everything needed for your compiete water works system.Write for catalogue, l Goold Shapley & Muir Co.Ltd.Brantford - - - Ontario I eo Y EARLE RD ETES 4 RE Le DS Send 2¢ Stamp for Free Sample or 10¢ for Large Trial Size Tin.The Mentholatum Com go Lewis St., Bridgeburg.Ont.Our pure bred bulls have given satisfaction in nearly two hundred herds in this province and we have more to sell at reasonable prices.Our herd is under Federal supervision and is free from tuberculosis.Write for catalogue of young bulls, GEO, H.MONTGOMERY, Dominion Express Building, Montreal, LAKESIDE AYRSHIRES=\u2014\u2014 SECRET Standard for over 75 year er JT Te - Chingy AC) rd HAE YE ' Poa RTC Pid pb REGISTERED + a se.| ou hE Ry CELT LEEE Za A CNS A 1} No work that you farmers do is too rough for clothes made out of Stifel\u2019s Indigo Cloth.All Overalls, Jumpers and Work Clothes made of this cloth last longer, wash better and keep their \u201clooks.\u201d See that you get it.Look for this boot shaped trade mark stamped on the back of the cloth.Garments sold by dealers everywhere\u2014 We are makers of the cloth only.J.L.STIFEL & SONS Indigo Dyers and Printers Wheeling, W.Va.260 Church St., New York, N.Y.#52 poes Your'@raniie Dish #7 \u2018or Hot Water Bag Leak ?= se MENDETS === They mend all leaks in all utensils\u2014tin, : brass,copper, graniteware,hot water bags,etc.«fs No solder, cement or rivet.Anyone can use thern, fitany surface, two million in use.Send for sample pk, .COMPLETE PACKAGE ASSORTED SIZES, 25¢., POSTPAID, Agents wanted.Collette Mfg.Co.Dept.® Collingwood, Ont, w it Away \u2014 Don\u2019t Thro Let Me Se FREE\u201d triala Pair of Handsome Tortoise Shell_ A CF, For many years people have been @ coming to me from every part of Chicago on account of my wide reputation for supplying glasses that fit.I am now offering the benefit of this wide experience to people everywhere.No matter where you live, I positively guarantee to give you a perfect fit or there will be no charge whatever.I promise to send you a pair of glasses that will enable you to see perfectly and satisfy you in every way.or you will owe me nothing.They will protect your eyes, preventing eye strain and headache.They will enable you to read fine print and thread a small eyed needle, see far or near.SEND NO MONEY I will not accept a single penny of your money until you are satisfied and tell me so.Simply fill in and mail the coupon below giving me the simple easy information I ask for and I will send you a pair of my Extra Large Tortoise Shel] Spectacles, for you to wear, examine and inspect, for ten days in your own home.The glasses I send are not to be compared with any vou have ever seen advertised.They are equal to spectacles being so.d at retail at from $12 to $15 a pair.You will find them so scientifically ground as to enable you to see far or near, do the finest kind of work or read the very smallest print, These Extra Large Size Lenses, with Tortoise Shell Rims, are very becoming and your friends are sure to compliment you on your \u2018improved appearance.There are no \u201cifs\u201d or \u2018\u201cands\u2019\u201d about my liberal offer.I trust you absolutely.You are the sole judge.If they do not give you more real satisfaction than any glasses you have ever worn, you are not out a single penny.I ask you, could any offer be fairer?SPECIAL THIS MONTH If you send your order at once I will make you a present of a handsome Velveteen Lined, Spring Back, Pocket Book Spectacle Case which you will be proud to own.Sign and mail the coupon NOW, Dr, Ritholz, Madison & Laflin Sts., DR 1724, Station C, Chicago, Ill., Doctor of Optics, Member American Optical Association, Illinois State Society of Optometrists, Graduate Illinoig College of Ophthalmology and Otology, Famous Eye Strain Specialist.Accept This Free Offer Today Dr.Ritholz, Madison & Laflin Sts., DR 1724 Station C, Chicago, IH.You may send me by prepaid parcel post a pair of your Extra Large Tortoise Shell Gold Filled Spectacles.I will wear the glasses 10 days and if convinced that they are worth several times the price I will send you $4.49.Otherwise I will return them and there will be no charge.How old are you?.\u2026.\u2026.00ss000e0e How many years have you used glasses (if any).22 02e eee a ae a a a ea eau e VI THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE FOR SALE ITALIAN bees in modern hives, Choice queens.Shropshire Sheep.The best to put in apiary.J.O.LEVAC, Rigaud, Que, FOR SALE SIX Ayrshire bulls, one to two years old \u2014 coming from Willowbank Silver Cup \u2014 dam has a record of 14,102 lbs.of milk, in first- class condition ; also heifers, one and two years old, registered in R, O.P.Reduced prices.Call and see or apply to Dr.J.E.BEAUDET, Thetford Mines, P.Q.FOR SALE REGISTERED Leicester lambs, male and female.Appiy to G.AUG.PELLETIER, St.Roch des Aulnaies, Que FOR SALE ONE 10 months-old Ayrshire bull, weight 450 lbs.; 4 Yorkshire pigs, Leicester lambs and ewe-lambs at good conditions, App.y to J.S.CARON, L\u2019'Islet, P.Q.FOR SALE ONE registered Ayrshire bull, one year and half old, three registered Ayrshire heifers, one month, six months and one year old; also one two-years old registered Ayrshire heifer.Apply to \u201cLalonde Farm\u201d, ALBERT LAFOR- TUNE, manager, Mont-Laurier, Labelle Cty, P.Q.FOR SALE AYRSHIRES of all ages.Chester White and Yorkshire pigs, Oxford Down and Hampshire Sheep of all ages, at good conditions, Apply to EPHREM PELLETIER, Lavaltrie, Qué.FOR SALE REGISTERED Chanteclere cockrels and hens, Apply to EUCLIDE OUIMETTE, St.Pie de Bagot.LIVE POULTRY WANTED CHICKENS, old hens, old roosters, ducks, turkeys and geese.Write us for our weekly price list and advise what you have for sale.GUNN, LANGLOIS & CO, LTD., Montreal, Que, Farm for Sale 100 acres of land, 15 in bush, very good soil, good buildings, with implements and live stock, Close the church.Apply to LIBOIRE JACOB, Deschambault, Portneuf Cty., P.Q.300 Novelties Catalogue TOILET and sewing Sundries, cotton ren- mants, free on request.ALLEN\u2019S NOVELTIES, St.Zacharie, Que, FARMS WANTED FARMERS ! If you intend to sell your farm or borrow money on, apply to \u201cCREDIT IMMOBILIER FRANCO-CANADIEN\u201d, 360 Ste.Catherine East, Montreal, SALESMEN\u2014Start business for yourselves in a complete line.Every proprietor needs few of our 900 varieties of rustic trees.Red Label.No money required.Complete equipment and free instructions.Apply DOMINION NURSERY CO., Montreal, Printed Envelopes, Letterheads.Are businesslike.Write for instructive, helpful samples, postpaid free, HOWIE PRESS, Beebe, Que.SALESMEN \u2014 Weekly paid and steady work selling our trees, roots, pulled out at the request of customer, Splendid trees.Free Service Department.All information and equipment furnished, freely.Good opportunity to make money.LUKE BROS., nurserymen, Montreal.For farmers, stockmen, poultrymen.Pure Bred Poultry WE handle averything in pure bred Land and Water Fowls.We have few Hundred good breeders of all classes of Utility and Fancy Birds, Hens, Ducks, Geese, T'urleys, Pigeons, Doves etc.Also Guinesa, Hens and Hares.We have for immediate disposal, 50 Good Lust of April Hatched, Guild Strain of Choice Laying Rock Cockrels at $2.50 ench-Dandies worth double-Order one to day-Five for $10.if order immediately.Also some Pullets, 100 Cockrels of Other breeds-Black Minorcas, Rhode Island Reds, White Wyandotte, Cornish Games-Cam- pines, Anconas ete.Book-History and Origin of all breeds of Poultry Known in Canada- illustrated with 196 (Natural Color) engraving- Only $2.00 post Paid, Indispensable to any Farmer and Amateur, who wants to know what he is talking about when talking Chickens.Write us first and save trouble and money if in need of anything in Fowls, Always enclose Stamps for speedy reply.As we get numerous inquiries every day, and Our Good King George wants to be paid first.Yamaska Poultry Farms, St.Hyacinthe, Que.2 1b.of Remnants $1.35 postpaid REMNANT of printed cotton from 15 to 3 yards, very useful for child ware.Catalog of 300 Novelties free.Address, ALLEN NOVEIL- TIES, St.Zacharie, Quebec, RUNNING WATER Where You Need li - It costs you but 2 cents a day for water in any part of the farm buildings when you instal! a Fairbanks-Morse Automatic Home Water Plant.Why stick to the old pump?Why carry water, when you electric light socket.investment.about this plant.farmers.Fairbanks-Morse Winnipeg can have city conveniences like these on your farm?The Fairbanks-Morse Home Water Plant is only 35 inches high and occupies floor space 2 feet by 33 inches.It is automatic, noiseless, self-lubricated and operates off any The insurance it offers against fire alone, makes it a sound Ask your dealer or the nearest Fairbanks-Morse branch Fairbanks-Morse \u201cZ Engines are used by over 300,000 Type GE Plant brings city conveniences to the country home.The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co.Limited St.John Quebec Montreal Ottawa Toronto Hamilton Windsor Regina Saskatoon Calgary Lighting Vancouver Victoria Shorthorn Cattle FARMERS have plenty of hay this season and no Market whatever, its time to keep cattle and when purchasing, get a good utility breed of good healthy cows.We offer a good lot of Shorthorn at reasonable figures and guarantee satisfaction.Few good Cows, Heifers (3 Years old) coming next spring early, for the first time.Few good Bulls nice and tame.To all responsible Farmers we can arrange for terms.Let us have your visit and we can do business.We handle everything in pure bred poultry, see our adds, in this valuable paper.Yamaska Poultry Farms, St.Hyacinthe, Que.FOR SALE CLETRAC Tractor, with a three share plough, dise harrow, cultivator, in good order, or exchange for good value.A.BLEAU, Beloeil.WANTED-Carload or less of alphapha to be delivered at Knowlton, Apply to GUNN, LAN.LOIS CO.Ltd., 105 rue St.Paul St.East.FOR SALE THE following pure bred, registered Holstein Cattle: 1 Bull, 3 year old; 1 Bull, 1 year old; 1 Bull calf, (Out of cow Marcette, No, 43064) ; 1 Cow \u201cMarcette\u2019\u201d\u201d No.43064\u20146 year old.(Giving at present over 1,000 lbs, of milk per month).1 Cow, 2 year old, (Out of cow \u2018\u2018Mar- cette\u201d No.43064).1 Heifer, 6 months, Apply to HENRY ATKINSON, REG'D, Pont Et- chemin, P, Q.1F you have hides for sale or tan, send them directly to W.ROBERT, Papincauville.We pay highest prices.Sheep skins tinted in any color.TREATISE on dos- diseases and how to feed them Sent free by author to your address.H.Clay-Glover Co, Inc.129 West 24th Street New-York, U.Sep The first American remedy for dogs.Fliminate Worries There\u2019s nothing so distressing or injurious as a motor running \u2018\u2018lop-sided.\u201d Champions keep all cylinders active and equalize the explosive strain.Ask your dealer for a full set, no matter what engine you have.Champion Spark Plug Co.of Canada, Limited Windsor, Ontario Dependable « \u201cAs Champion A-14 For Overland cars, trucks, tractors, Fairbanks-Morse and other engines requiring \u2018a Yin.plug.Now 85 cents.24 ES THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE You can instal this thoroughly modern heating system in less than a day, whether your home is new or old! A Banner Pipeless gives effective, all-winter warmth at a guaranteed saving of 15% to 25% of the fuel used formerly.Wood plates supplied to put on top of grates when it is desired to burn wood.Send for free Booklets.Find out cost of a Banner in- stalla- tion.Write today.as The Tester Knows The only sure and accurate way to determine just how close your separator is skimming is by means of the Babcock Test, and the most accurate operators of the Babcock Test are the cow testers employed by the various cow testing associations.The following statements from cow testers are interesting: \u2014 \"The closest skimming of milk I have in this association is done with a De Laval.Of the 29 separators in this association 16 are De Lavals.\u201d\u2014Tester for the second largest association in Minnesota.\u2014 \u201cDe Laval Separators and Milkers are to my mind superior to any other makes, The separator is the most efficient skimmer of milk and its durability is lasting.In this community we \u2018have practically all De Laval Separators.\u201d \u2014 Tester for a Pennsylvania association.A De Laval soon pays for itself and is sold on such easy terms that you can use it while it is doing so.The De Laval Company, Ltd Montreal Peterboro Edmonton Winnipeg Vancouver Sooner or later you will use a De Laval Cream Separator and Milker The Galt Stove &Furnace Company, Limited, GALT, Ont.\u201cThe Brantford coal oil engine is strongly built for hard, continuous service.Working parts are simple.It is throttle governed \u2014has adjustable speeds, \u2014 and always runs smoothly and uniformly.We have a size to suit your need, Cost is pre-war and fuel\u2014coal oil \u2014 is the cheapest you can use.Makers of Windmills, Pumps, Grain Grinders, Saw Frames, Tractors Concrete Mixers ÿ and Electrical Pumping Outfits.Goold, Shapley& Muir Co.LIMITED Es 374 Qi ta JL LR BRANTFORD.ONTARIO Tele | oh This switch hook is built for durability gs You hear distinctly and with com-3 /Ë fort through this à \u2018A receiver.: ton allows calling of Central without ji disturbing others | on the line.| Flexible and durable receiver cord of convenient length.in a Et Core TES b/ A screw-driver only is needed to mount this telephone or make any adjustment.Properly Packed.Packed individually in substantial cases, ready toinstall, complete with screws Montreal Toronto and battery con- Halifax Hamilton nectors.Quebec London has all these Fe Featu Northern Elecrric Company CL LIMITED \u201cMakers of the Nation\u2019s Telephones\u201d phone ures Loud clear ringing gongs announce incoming calls.\u201d |] A powerful generator that will firing several telephones at once flor cali Central as | desired.This local and f/long distance transmitter projects your voice to the outer world.Comfortably sloped writing shelf enables you to note important information as received.If your community has no tele- perience is at your disposal.We will help you organize.Windsor Calgary.; Winnipeg Edmonton * Regina Vancouver Weight \u201432 lbs.A Good Investment You are deeply interested in the increase production of your farm.You must then keep yourself well posted as to the best means to do it.The Journal of Agriculture contains valuable information in every issue and it costs only $1.00 per an- num.Send your subscription to the Director of the Journal of Agriculture, Legislature Building, Quebec.On request we send a sample copy.\\ N > 250 Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums \u201cLittle Wireless Phones for the Ears\" require no medicine but effectively replace what 18 lacking or defective in the natural ear di ums.ey are simple devices, which the wearer easily ly fits oto the ears where they areinvisible.Soft, safe and comfortable: \u2018Write today for our 168 page FREE book on DEAF.SS, giving you full particulars and tostimoniais, WILSON EAR DRUM CO.ow ora! 192 Inter-Southern Bldg.VIS VILLES de, HIGH GRADE KNIT Underwear and Hosiery \u201cThe Standard Excellence\u201d Made in all weights, styles and fabrics for Men, Women rd Children STOCKED BY ALL GOOD MERCHANTS 1,000 Eggs In Every Hen Don\u2019t Kill Your Yearling Birds New System of Poultry Keeping.If You Keep Chickens CUT THIS OUT \u201cThe great trouble with the poultry business has always been that the laying life of a hen was too short\u201d says Henry Trafford, International Poultry Expert and Breeder, for nearly eighteen years Editor of Poultry Success.The average pullet lays 160 eggs, If kept the second year, she may lay 100 more.Then she goes to market.Yet, it has been scientifically established that every pullet is born or hatched with over one thousand minute egg germs in her system\u2014and may be made to lay them on a highly profitable basis over a period of four to six years\u2019 time if given proper care.How to work to get 1000 eggs from every hen is the poultry system explained in a Bulletin issued by Mr.Trafford, one copy of which will be sent absolutely free to any reader who keeps six hens or more, If you want your hens to make more money for you cut this out and send it with your name and address to Henry Trafford, Suite 970R, Herald Bldg., Binghampton, N.Y.and a free copy of his 1000 EGG HEN Bulletin will be sent by return mail, VIII | THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE To 4 is fl i | : = Better than jewels \u2014that schoolgirl complexion Take a lesson The girl with a clear, smooth skin, radiant with from Cleopatra freshness and natural color, should leave jewels to those less fortunate, for she doesn\u2019t need them, The With a world of an- charm of a perfect natural complexion attracts far cient beauty arts at her more than elaborate dress and ornaments.ommand, she depended , .on cleansing with Palm If your complexion lacks the beauty which women and Olive oils to pro- envy and men admire, don\u2019t depend on clothes and tect, improve and pre- jewelry to draw attention from its defects.serve the freshness and smoothness of her skin.This beautifying was not confined to the face alone.The bath was a daily.ceremonial with all ancient peoples, and palm and olive oils the cleansers used.Every woman can transform her bad complexion into a good one, for alluring freshness and clear color isn\u2019t a gift of Nature, but a matter of care How to have a perfect skin No girl need be afflicted with a bad complexion, for improvement is simple and easy.Daily cleansing, gentle but thorough, is the secret.You must use soap, for nothing will remove the dirt, oil and perspiration which collects in the pores and causes most skin trouble.Choose TPalmolive, because its action is soothing.Harsh soap should never be used for washing the face.Massage the smooth, creamy lather gently into the skin until it removes all clogging deposits.Don't forget your neck and throat.They are as conspicuous as the face for any lack in beauty.Careful rinsing leaves the skin stimulated, freshened and free from the accumulation which enlarges the pores, causes blackheads and carry infection.Palm and Olive oils\u2014nothing else\u2014give nature\u2019s green color to Palmolive Soap.Made from the Palm and Olive Oils Cleopatra Used.Do this every day There is too much dirt and dust where most of us live to make it advisable to neglect this cosmetic cleansing even for a day.Powder should be removed, and rouge, if you use it.They combine with dirt and skin secretions in dangerous clogging.Dry skins are benefited by cold cream after cleansing If unusual dryness is your trouble, apply a little before, as well as after washing.Blended from the same oils Palmolive Soap is blended from the same bland soothing oils which adorned the sumptuous marble baths of Egyptians, Greeks and Romans.Modern scientists, with all their research, have not been able to discover milder, more soothing, or more efficient soap ingredients.But although very expensive, the gigantic volume in which Palmolive is produced keeps the price very low.Users profit by Palmolive popularity.The Palmolive factories, working day and night, and the importation of the rare oils in vast quantities, allow you to enjoy this finest facial soap for the modest price of 10 cents\u2014no more than ordinary soap.THE PALMOLIVE COMPANY OF CANADA, Limited WINNIPEG, TORONTO.MONTREAL Also makers of Palmolive Shaving Cream and Palmolive Shampoo.produce 25-cent quality for only 10c MADE IN CANADA Volume and efficiency + + 1481C \\ hie antl ae fe te trem Am i em 2m 2 MAE tlre CA LE és ISSUED \u2019 FOR RATES MONTHLY OF ADVERTISEMENTS, BY THE ; ADDRESS TO DEPARTMENT OF THE CANADA AGRICULTURE PUBLISHING CO., OF THE Limited PROVINCE OF O 73 St.James St., QUEBEC.Montreal.a reading columns mut Circulation - 74,608 be addressed to S, R.N.FRENCH 66,108 er bo.Boa AND HORTICULTURE ENGLISH &50 Volume 26 OCTOBER 1st 1922 Number 4 EDITORIAL COMMENT Notes By The Way N November 1st., one month from to-day, the Winter Course in Agriculture begins at Macdonald College, This course is designed especially for farmers\u2019 sons who have not the time nor the qualifications necessary for taking up the longer course.The Winter Course in Agriculture at Macdonald College is timed to suit the farm boy.Opening as it does after the completion of the fall work on the farm, it closes March 15th.\u2014in time to let the boys return for sugar making.This course is intensely practical.But the lessons learned in stock judging, soil management, marketing, ete-, do not make up the full tale of benefits derived from a winter spent at Macdonald College, Coming together as they do from many different districts, these lads learn something of how the other fellow does it; they get some of the rough corners knocked off, and broaden their outlook: We note with pleasure that Maple Leaf Jean, a Canadian bred Ayrshire cow, has recently captured the World's record for milk production in the Honor Roll division of the Ayrshire R.O.P,, with a production of 18,087 lbs.milk, 614,69 lbs.fat in three hundred days.This cow has already made a show-ring reputation.In 1918 and 1919, shown by Gilbert MacMillan, of Huntingdon, she captured her share of prizes and championships on our Canadian show circuit.She was bred by R- S.Pringle of this province, and is now owned by Capt- A.Higginson, South Lincoln, Mass.It is interesting to note that the present herd sire at the Oka Agricultural Institute, Springburn Victory Bond, is a son of Maple Leaf Jean by Glen- hurst Torrs Mayor, a former champion at Ottawa and Ormstown.This bull is only five years old but is already beginning to show evidences of his worth in the milking qualities of the young cows in the Oka herd.Certain buyers of butter and cheese make a prae- tice of offering a commission of five cents per box of butter or of cheese to the makers who send them their products.This practice is one which always works to the detriment of the patrons of the creameries or cheese factories in which these makers work.Just a word to the wise! Jersey cattle breeders in Quebec are nothing if not progressive.They are proud of their stock, and are boosting it for all they are worth.One of the features of their work this year has been a series of ten advertisements, that have been published in the Sherbrooke Record, advertising their breed.Another interesting bit of advertising was done by the same association when the Sherbrooke Rotary Club members were treated at their August luncheon to choice Jersey cream, butter and ice-cream.After the luncheon the fieldman, W.E.Ashton, took the opportunity of saying a good word for Jersey.With the increased duties on farm products entering the United States, the farmers of Quebec who live near the border must look for other markets for their milk and cream.This problem of finding markets for the produce that has formerly gone to the United States, and which includes, besides milk and cream, a very large proportion of our total exports of cheese, is one that calls for the co-operation of governments, breed associations and individual workers.The Quebec Department of Agriculture is already attempting to find in France and Belgium markets for our surplus cheese.Where the milk and cream will go is the question.Market Demand and the Producer HE grading of hogs has been introduced as an educational institution.If all hog producers in Canada knew the proper type of hog to raise, and raised none but hogs of that type, grading would not be necessary.But there is a wide divergence in the ideals of various producers, and a great dissimilarity between what many farmers consider an ideal market hog and what the packers want in order to meet the demands of the trade.This has ben clearly shown time and time again in the swine club shows being held this year for the encouragement of bacon hog type.Many producers bring out for show hogs that are too thick and fat to sell as selects, and in some cases are grossly offended at having these hogs shoved down near the bottom of the class.In their opinions their hogs were of a much better type than were the long, deep-sided, but comparitively lean hogs that were placed at the top.It must be remembered, however, that is not the \u201clikes\u201d or the \u201c\u201cdislikes\u201d of an individual producer that decides true bacon type.This is decided by the purchaser.So long as meat eaters in those countries to which we cater demand meat of a certain type we must produce the animals that give the greatest proportion of that meat, and the highest quality of it\u2014or else drop out and let some other country take the market that will cater to demand.All grading work is being carried on with this one object in mind\u2014to show the producer what the consumer wants, and what he will pay for.Money talks.And in no other way will the type of hogs produced in Canada be more quickly brought into accord with market requirements than through grading and payment for this produce on a graded basis.Farmers in the Ring HE custom of holding agricultural shows and T exhibitions at which farmers compete for honors in the production of individual products is an old one.In every farming country prizes are given for the best horses and cattle, for the best grains and vegetables.But the Province of Quebec goes farther.In this province not only are competitions held in which men vie for honors for hogs and potatoes brought together at an exhibition, the competitive spirit is carried back to the growing of crops in our field crop competitions, and still farther to the excellence of farm practice in the Agricultural Merit competitions.In this latter work of encouraging, through annual competitions, all around superiority in farm practice Quebec stands alone amongst the provinces of Canada.In some of the others \u201cGood Farms Competitions\u201d have been held sporadically, usually fostered by one or other of the agricultural papers.But in this province it has been recognized by the Department of Agriculture as a good policy to stimulate pride in good workmanship on the farms, and each year a competition is held in some section of the province in which men from several counties submit their farms and farming practices for comparison with those of their brother farmers, and the outstanding farmers receive medals and awards for excellence.That the competitors and the promoters alike take this work seriously no one could doubt who has once had the opportunity of being present at the annual distribution of prizes held at the time of the Quebec Provincial Exposition.It was our good fortune to be present at this function this year and we were impressed with the worth of a competition that puts the individual prowess of men on trial.The men who came forward to receive their medals were men who had proved their worth, and they were proud of it.Here they met the representatives of their government : Sir Charles Fitz-Patrick, the lieutenant-governor for the prov- .ince, Hon.Mr, Caron, Minister of Agriculture, Mr.Grenier, his deputy, Mayor Sampson of Quebec, dignitaries of the church, officials of the Fair Board, and numbers of workers in agriculture.Here they met with each other and had a chance to discuss they met with each othe and had a chance to discuss the relative merits of their different systems of handling crops and stock, It is a worthy work, is that of the holding of such contests.It brings into the lime light men whose practices in all departments of their farms can stand scrutiny.The judging committees in their reports, which are published for free distribution, supply to other farmers details of the practices followed by these men who are outstanding in their districts.And amongst those who wish to take part in these competitions their is a healthy spirit of rivalry engendered which makes them try their hardest to achieve in their chosen occupation.The Fall Fairs HE fall fair season is again pretty well past.On the whole, those fairs that we had the opportunity of visiting have been fairly well up to standard, although individually they have shown weaknesses.At Sherbrooke the showing of heavy horses failed to come up to that of other years.In cattle classes Holsteins showed to best advantage, with Ayrshires and Jerseys a little off in numbers.Quebec Show brought out the season\u2019s best exhibit of Ayrshires with Holsteins out in force as well.Here the awarding of medals and diplomas in the Agricultural Merit Competition was one of the big features.At Ottawa the small showing of Ayrshires, due to a difference of opinion between the breed association and the fair officials, was the outstanding thing.Then at La- chute, a county fair, the breed appeared with an exhibit worthy of the highest praise.And so the story goes\u2014some fairs better in some classes than others, but all bringing togcther farmers and their produce in vast educational assemblies where crops and stock are compared and judged, where desirable type is chosen and set up for study.Those of us who have had the opportunity of visiting one or niore of these fall fairs should cast up in our minds what we have seen that might suggest improvements in our practices or habits of thinking.If we have seen stock that put ours to shame the sight should stimulate us in our desire to improve the stuff in our stables.If we have seen grain that excelled the grain we produce we should consider ways and means of procuring good seed of those varieties that are suited to our districts.If we have noticed amongst the exhibits some labor saving machine that would lighten the work in house or barn, and that is within our means, we should look further into the matter.Fall fairs may be made profitable educators if we as students approach them in the proper spirit.» 42 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE @e JOURNAL AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE ISSUED MONTHLY BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC For rates of Advertisements, address THE CANADA PUBLISHING CO.Limited, 73 St.James St, - - Montreal.NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS Subscribers and members of agricultural societies, of farmers\u2019 clubs and of the Provincial Dairymen\u2019s Association, who do not regularly receive either the English or the French Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture are requested to address their complaints to the Secretaries of their respective Societies, who will transmit them to the Secretary of the Council of Agriculture at Quebec.To Test the Soil How to Ascertain whether it is Acid or Sour Y the use of litmus paper, which can be purchased at any drug store, it can be ascertained whether the soil is acid or sour.This condition is especially apt to occur in wet, low- lying or ill-drained soils.Lime, if properly applied, will prove a corrective.Bulletin No.80 of the Division of Chemistry of the Dominion Experimental Farms system, not alone describes the qualities of lime and how it can be beneficially applied to the soil, but also explains how blue litmus paper should be used to ascertain if such application is needed, If the paper turns red the conclusion is that the soil is sour and would be benefited by liming or an application of marl] or ground limestone.A couple of methods by which testing of the soil may be conducted are described in the bulletin, which can be obtained free of cost on aplic- ation of the Publications Branch, Ottawa.The first method is to dig up a little of the surface soil from half a dozen spots on the area it is desired to examine and mix well by using a trowel or a clean piece of board.Don\u2019t handle the soil.Take a few ounces of the mixed soil, place in a clean cup or tumbler, pour on a little boiled water and stir with a clean piece of stick or spoon until made into a thick paste.Insert the paper with a small stick or the back of a knife until a half or two thirds of its length is imbedded in the pasty mess.At the end of fifteen minutes draw out the paper and note if it has turned red.If it does the soil is acid.The second method is to place a strip of blue litmus paper in the bottom of a clean, dry glass flat-bottomed tumbler and over it place a round \u2018filter paper\u201d, which can also be had at a druggist\u2019s, or a piece of clean white-blotting paper cut to shape.On this put a few ounces of the soil to be tested, pasted as before, and pour on sufficient boiled water to moisten or wet the soil thoroughly and set aside for half an hour or longer.Invert the tumbler to examine the litmus paper, the color of which will be brought out well against the white filter or blotting paper.To make sure that any change in color is not due to acidity of the water or paper, make a test in the same manner but without using any soil, Problems in Economics By Dr.H.D.Brunt.Fublic Finance 1.\u2014 N their efforts to satisfy their wants, men produce wealth.In order to produce this wealth some raw material supplied by nature must be operated or by labor.In the course of industrial progress men co-operate increasingly and thus each man or group of men specializes in some one limited branch of work, resulting in a very thorough-go- ing division of labor.Thus many different kinds of work must be performed before the sheep-farm- er\u2019s wool becomes the city-bank-clerk\u2019s suit of modish clothes.The money the tailor receives remains only in part with him and must be distributed backwards through all the channels of industry until the farmer finally receives his share (see diagram in Journal, Dec.1921).Much capitol, that is much saved wealth, must be expended all along the line to maintain those engaged in this complex process until each receives his share of new wealth produced.And so we have nature\u2019s raw material, man\u2019s labor, and his saved wealth all working together to produce new wealth.But these factors must be brought together in order to accomplish this; and so we must have the organizing ability which can usefully combine these three great factors to result in the greatest possible wealth.Thus organization combines the services of labor, enterprise, gifts of nature and capital in the production of wealth: When the wealth is produced, each must get its share.One of the not-yet solved problems of our economic life is just how much shall each of these factors get.The labor believes that organization\u2019s in the form of profits.Many persons believe that enterprise, that is those who start the business and take the risks of failure, gets too great a return in the form of profits.Many persons beleive that as raw material comes from nature, no one group has any right to receive the part of wealth that results from nature\u2019s gifts, This is called rent and is not what we usually mean by rent, money paid for the yearly use of lands or houses.I have a field; oil is discovered on that field; my land is of enormously greater value; when finally oil is produced, the price persons pay for it contains an amount that finally reaches me because I controlled the land on which oil was found, or to the person who was clever and unscrupulous enough to get the land from me cheaply.That amount is cailed rent.Personal Services | 1 ba bor Gv porrratin =, Etes prise ~ We therefore may view every government unit, municipal, provincial, federal, as not only a political body, but as much an economic enterprise as a railway or great factory.Each has its receipts and expenditures, each is an employer of labor, it borrows and lends, issues shares or bonds, and even er.gages directly in great enterprises, such as tramways, water-systems, or railways.The study of this public economy, of this side of Government activities rather than of its political activities is called public finance; and it is a part of aspect of government too little studied or understood by the citizens who pay all the bills.But it is not only the humble citizen who fails to understand the rather intricate problems presented by public finance; there are nine small countries adjoining the great Danube river in Europe mutually dependent upon one another for all sorts of necessary commodities and services.Yet they are strangling themselves and one another by enormous export and import duties; export to prevent the others getting its raw materials, import duties to prevent the others selling it their manufactured goods ; meanwhile their people starve and their money ceases to have any value.Even in the great United States, ignorance of public finance permits absurd expenditure of money received as taxes; in 1920, every hundred dollars received by the Federal Government at Washington were expended thus: Recent and Previous Wars.$ 67.80 Army and Navy.25.00 All other purposes.7.20 $100.00 Can you think of anything more insane?Out of every hundred dollars received, only seven dollars, twenty cents are available for the main purposes for which a government ought to exist, police, justice, aid to agriculture and education, public works, research in science and publie health and the hundred and one other things we expect from our government.Would it not be wise for us, individual citizens, to study this vital problem as best we can and to choose our publie men, legislators and executive heads in the light of this knowledge?Do you wonder at the passion of Lord Robert Cecil and of Woodrow Wilson for a League of Nations?Think of what the United States (since we have used that country as an illustration) could do had serres of Pro forty Wa ture < Ci fh cep, ras Neat Pro docit\u2014 /.so faries profits Wajes But all our industrial life would be impossible did we not have a settled government, intelligent enough to make and carry out laws, strong enough to protect the life and property of its people.In our paper in September, we discussed the duties of a Government, and how far it might go.In any case, however, the production of wéalth to any degree is dependent upon a settled Government, which, therefore, must be counted as one of the necessary factors in producing wealth, It therefore has a strong claim upon a part of the wealth produced.We have not included it hitherto, because it does not claim a separate part of Lhe wealth, but levies a contribution upon all the others, taking nowadays generous slices from wages, salaries, profits, rent and interest.This government portion we call taxes; and under government is included even the small school section, organized for the one purpose of running a school.nh wt > Re 2 es \u2014 its Government every year the more than five and a quarter billions of dollars spent in paying for previous wars and for the yearly up keep of the Army and Navy! What a contribution to Agricultural Credit, study and control of plant diseas2s and insect pests, stamping out of disease and' of the slum, control of unemployment, the adequate support of rural education and a host of other such pressing problems upon which one dollar out of the hundred was spent, and what is true of the United States is true to a greater or lesser degree of every other country which is a political unit.To get to somewhat closer grips with our object: the costs of government are met in anyone or more, of these ways: I.From industrial sources; (Continued on page X) Fe THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 43 FARLM MANURES A Discussion of the worth, composition, and best methods of handling the most common farm fertilizer.By Dr.A.McTaggart, Dept, of Agronomy, Macdonald College.HE most important by-product of the farm is farm manure, for through it the unused part of the crop can be returned to the soil.It is therefore very important that there should exist a widespread clear understanding of its composition, the changes it undergoes, the avenues of loss, practical methods of handling and the effects on both soil and crop.General character and function\u2014 Farm manure consists of a solid and a liquid portion, and the variation in composition and in amount present of each of these two portions must necessarily affect the quality and agricultural value.The litter used is likewise important in that it provides bulk, thereby lowering the value per unit of the manure, but at the same time prevents loss by absorbing valuable constituents contained in the liquid portion.The manure acts directly and indirectly\u2014directly in that it furnishes plant-food elements, and indirectly in that it improves the physical condition of the soil\u2014promoting better tilth and aeration, improving drainage, increasing water capacity and thereby tending to tide a crop over in a dry year.It further renders more available the mineral constituents of the soil, Consisting of 73 per cent water and only 27 per cent dry matter, its percentages of plant food elements are necessarily low.The three \u2018most essential of these elements are nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, for they are used by the plant in greatest quantity and are the most readily lost, whether through the growing crop or by leaching from the soil.Mixed farm manure per ton contains on an average 10 lbs.of nitrogen, 5 lbs.of phosphoric acid, and 12 lbs.of potash, these last two terms representing the compounds of the elements phosphorous and potassium which are used to express quantities thereof in soils or fertilizers.Ten tons of average manure\u2014even if only one half of the nitrogen, one-sixth of the phosphorous, and one- half of the potash are readily available\u2014is equivalent to 300 lbs.nitrate of soda 60 lbs.superphosphate, and 125 lbs.muriate of potash.These fertilizers are perhaps the most commonly used carriers of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, respectively.Much total plant food is thus added to the soil in one application of farm manure, but it must be understood that a large amount of this, being unavailable, is held over for subsequent crops, Farm manure is an unbalanced fertilizer, being too high relatively in nitrogen and too low in phosphoric acid.The balancing of it so as to provide the crop with its food elements in proper proportion is one of the many problems connected with the economic handling and utilization of the manure -~ Variable dependent \u201cupon various factors\u2014 composition Farm manures vary from time to time in composition and character, due to the following factors.\u2014(1) litter; (2) class of animal; (3) individuality, condition and age of animal; (4) food of animal; and (5) handling of manure.Increased bedding promotes a more bulky manure, lightening its weight and tending to lower the chemical value per unit of the whole, But it should be remembered that adequate bedding is an excellent absorbent of liquid manure, the richer portion, thereby conserving valuable plant-food elements A working horse on maintenance ration will return in the manure more fertilizing elements than will a fattening pig, which in turn will return more than will a milking cow.A milch cow will make use of more nutriments than an animal not in milk.Likewise, a young growing animal is storing away larger quantities of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash, and producing a manure correspondingly poorer in these ingredients.The richer the food fed, the richer will be the excrement, both liquid and solid, in plant-food elements, Farm manure, being almost half liquid, is in danger, unless carefully handled, of losing by leaching a considerable amount of valuable plant food.Lack of care is perhaps the second most important single factor responsible for reducing the quantities of plant food elements in a given quantity of manure, The increase in loss of these elements resulting from exposure of manure as compared with manure kept unexposed to the weather is quite marked.Composition and character of various farm man- ures\u2014 The following table shows the differences in the composition of whole manure from all classes of farm animals as follows: Animal Water per Nitrogen per Phosphoric Potash per ton (lbs) ton (lbs) acid per ton (lbs) : ton (lbs) Horse 1560 14.0 5.0 11.0 Cow 1720 12.0 3.0 9.0 Sheep 1360 19.0 7.0 20.0 Swine 1740 10.0 7-0 8.0 Poultry 1150 32.0 30.0 18.0: A glance at these figures will reveal the fact that poultry manure is the richest, They also show how well supplied is sheep manure with nitrogen and potash, and how low cow manure is in phoso- phoric acid particularly, Thus the relative value of farm manures in order of chemical importance is arranged thus: (1) poultry; (2) sheep; (3) swine; (4) horse; (5) cattle.Being a strong manure, care in application should be exercised with poultry manure.It had better be mixed with less rich manures or with fine dry soil before applying to the land, thereby avoiding its application in too concentrated form.The solid portion of manure carries half the nitrogen, almost all the phosphoric acid, and four- tenths of the potash, while the liquid contains half the nitrogen, a trace of phosphoric acid, and six- tenths of the potash.Pound for pound liquid manure is richer in plant food, and this is more available or soluble in this portion of the manure.ICattle and swine manures being very wet are solid and compact, hence cold and slow of decomposition.\u201cFarm manures are best hauled and spread evenly by means of a manure spreader.\u201d demned, except where necessity demands.Horse and sheep manures being dry and open are hot, hence rapid of decomposition, Hot manures dry out readily, causing a rapid loss of nitrogen in the form of free ammonia.It is therefore good practice to mix these two classes of manure and to keep the mixture as moist as possible.Relative commercial value of farm manures\u2014 On the basis of average spring of 1922 prices of fertilizers in Quebec, nitrogen is worth 21.5¢ per Ib., phosphoric acid 10e¢, and potash 5.8c.From these figures the values per ton of the various farm manures can be calculated as follow: Swine manure $3.31, cow manure $3.40, horse manure $4.14, sheep manure $5.94 poultry manure $10.92, average of cow manure and horse manure mixed $3.77.As the bulk of farm manure consists of cow and horse manures mixed, the last mentioned value is perhaps the most useful.The high value of poultry manure should, however, be specially noted.Decomposition of Manure\u2014 In the presence of air decomposition is rapid and proceeds for a short period, while in the absence of air it is slow and continuous, When the manure pile is compact enough air is shut out, and the slow, hence less wasteful, form of decomposition takes place.It is this slow form of decomposition also that breaks down straw.Decay is hastened, however by keeping the manure pile moist, if possible, with liquid manure.This destroys the acids that accumulate and that retard decomposition.The liquid application also makes phosphorus and potassium compounds more soluble, and above all checks the loss of nitrogen in the form of gaseous ammonia which otherwise goes off into the air.The manure should, where at all possible, be piled under cover and so kept from exposure to the weather.Alternate wetting and drying is bad practice.Manure once compact should be kept compact wherever possible: The piling of fresh manure as produced on top of old manure and packing thoroughly is good practice, to check the wasteful decomposition that takes place in the presence of air, Fire fang should be guarded against in manures being kept for lengthy periods.It is caused by heating too rapidly, by drying out, and by fungus penetration, If the manure pile is kept moist the temperature is kept low and drying out is prevented.The danger of fire fang is thus eliminated.With the ageing of the manure, there is considerable decrease in bulk.This reduction in bulk increases the percentages of both nitrogen and other fertilizing elements in well-rotted manure.With aerobic action few weed seeds if any are likely to be killed, but with the long, slow, and deep- seated decomposing action in the absence of air very few weed seeds survive, Handling and Storing of Manure\u2014 In storing manure there are two things to observe: (1) to prevent leaching, (2) to keep it moist.Straw of any kind makes good litter, and litter is the best means for preventing the leaching of and for absorbing liquid manure, thereby retaining its valuable constituents.Peat and muck have considerable absorption for ammonia.Sawdust makes a good absorbent of liquid manure but wood decomposes very slowly in the soil, Tramping manure in the stalls is considered a good system for conserving fertility.Where this is not feasible the manure should be stored in an open shed or under a water-tight roof, but the less the manure is moved the less the loss that it undergoes.The kind of floor is also an important factor a cement floor being the most satisfactory.Even under the most perfect system of storing farm manure a loss of 35 to 50 per cent of the total nitrogen in the food fed is inevitable, How important to farmers, then, is it that the losses from farm manure should be minimized by handling as little as possible and by storage under the most approved conditions, The practice, all too common, of allowing farm manure to accumulate in a pile in the open, exposed to the weather, is strongly con- Under conditions of exposure in the open much fertility is allowed to leach away, and the cultivated fields are deprived of large quantities of manurial constituents that they otherwise might have.Where, however, the farmer is compelled to pile the manure in the open he should select a level piece of (Continued an page 1X) db 44 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Shawville Sheep Show Market lamb class brings out good stuff on which satisfactory prices are realized.NE of the chief features of the agriculutral fair held last week at Shawville, by the Country Pontiac Agricultural Society No.1, was the showing made in sheep classes.Pontiac is already well known for its lambs and its wool; it always has at its fairs fairly well filled classes of sheep; and this year in addition to the regular classes the market lamb competition brought up the total number of sheep at the fair almost to the three hundred mark.The market lamb show at Shawville was one of sume twenty held this year throughout Canada.These were made possible by grants of money provided by the Dominion Live Stock Branch in co-operation with the provincial departments of agriculture in those provinces in which shows were put on.They were organized for educational purposes : To show the breeders in these districts in which shows were held the type of lamb that is most desired on the market; to show the improvement that is made in flocks by the use of pure bred sires; to act as channels through which the officials of the department might come in touch more closely with breeders and encourage better feeding and handling methods, dipping, docking, ete, and through the sales end to encourage co-operation.The regulations were as follows : (1) Only the progeny of pure-bred rams are eligible to enter.(2) All lambs must be docked and castrated.(3) All lambs exhibited must be offered for sale cither by auction or by co-operative shipment.Ewe lambs may be retained for breeding purposes, The district was well worked by Messrs.R.M.Elliott and J.W.Graham, both of the Sheep and Swine Branch, Otfawa.Every breeder of sheep was asked to take part in the competition, provided his sheep were eligible, and in cases where the lambs did not meet the requirements owners were asked to send these in for sale after the show.1t was hoped that most sheep breeders would take part and thus see for themselves (1) what a proper market lamb is, and (2) that buyers will pay a premium for good stuff.The tendency in the district has always been to hold lambs too long.Sometimes the farmers are too busy with their other work to market them when they are at their best.And the general opinion is that weight is what counts in a market lamb.It is difficult to convince the producer that he may get more actual cash from an eighty pound lamb than from one weigking a hundred pounds.Such however, is the case.The lighter lamb, if in good finish, makes a carcass that can be handled by the butcher to greater advantage.Over two hundred lambs lined up in this division of the Shawville show.Those that were eligible for show were divided up into four classes\u2014pen of ten market lambs, pen of five market lambs, pure bred rams, ram and five of progeny.The prizes were awarded by Mr.Telfer of Paris, Ontario, assisted by Mr.Martin of the The Industrial Development Council of Canadian Meat Packers, Toronto.HIGH PRICES REALIZED After the judging Mr.Telfer gave a short talk on the aims of the market lamb competition, and then proceeded to sell the lambs by auction.A goodly number of buyers were on hand and bidding was much brisker than had been anticipater by those farmers who were afraid to entrust their stock to this new method of marketing.The first six prize winning pens sold in one lot for i0c.a pound.The next lot, of a little poorer grade, sold at 9c.A lot containing about one hundred good lambs, but which were not docked nor castrated, sold for 9%e.And those pens that obtained placings lower than sixth in their classes brought 8e.These prices were considered very satisfactory in view of the fact that lambs had been selling locally for 744 and Tec, while on the day of the sale 8c was being offered for selects.The prize winners in the market classes were as follows: Pen of Five, 1.Ira Hanna, 2.R.J.Wilson, 3.E.J.Richardson, 4.W.Maitland, 5.J.A.Armstrong, 6.Newton Lewis, 7.Rexford Wilson, 8.J.J.Hodgins, 9.W.T.McDowell, 10.L.Sly.Pen of Ten, 1.R.J.Wilson 2.H T McDowell, 3.Rex.Wilson, 4.W.E.Shaw.Ram.1.Ira Hanna 2.T.Wallace, 3.N.Lewis, 4.W.T.McDowell, 5.Rex.Wilson, 6.Ruggles Elliott.Ram and Five of Progeny.1.Ira Hanna , 2.N.Lewis, 3.T.Wallace, 4.W.T.McDowell, 5.Rex.Wilson 6.Ruggles Elliott.The Hog Grades The following grades were unanimously approved at the Ottawa conference: Weights are at stockyards and abattoirs; farm weights, therefore, will rule from 10 to 15 lbs, more for each grade: \u2014 Select Bacon Hogs\u2014Jowl and shoulder light and smooth, back from neck to tail evenly fleshed, side long, medium depth dropping straight from back, ham full, good general finish, no excess fat; weight 160 to 210 pounds.Thick Smooth Hogs\u2014Not conforming to select bacon standard, but of smooth fleshing and finish; weight 160 to 210 pounds.Heavies\u2014Any type of smooth fleshing and finish; weight 210 to 260 pounds.Extra Heavies\u2014Any type of smooth fleshing and finish; weight over 260 pounds.Shop Hogs\u2014Any type of smooth conformation, finished; weight 120 to 160 pounds, Feeders\u2014Any type of smooth conformation, unfinished; weight 160 pounds and under.Roughs\u2014Of rough conformation; any weight.Sows\u2014All females that have raised one or more litters: No.1 sows, of smooth finish and trim underline up to 350 pounds; No.2 all other sows.Stags\u2014Boars that have been castrated and are well healed before being offered for sale.Swine Clubs Good F eature Through these, young producers are taught the desired type in bacon hogs.NE of the best methods of diseminating knowledge in the matter of true bacon type, or of any other thing for that matter, is through the training of the young folks.With this in mind a large number of swine clubs were organized during the past year throughout the province.In these clubs boys and girls of ages ten to eighteen years undertook to raise a pair or in some cases three pigs of bacon type, to handle these according to directions sent out to them, and to show them at fairs arranged by the organizers.The cost of the prizes offered at these fairs was defrayed by the Dominion Live Stock Branch paying one third, the Provincial Department of Agriculture one third, and the Local Community one third, Substantial prizes were offered for individual pairs, and the total produce of each club is afterwards to be entered in an inter-club competition.One of the competitions that happened to come under our notice this fall was that held for the Shawville district at the annual county fair.In this competition twenty-six pairs of pigs were shown.This was one of five clubs organized in Pontiac County As a foundation for the stock to be used in these clubs ten fine pure bred Yorkshire boars were sent into the county last year by the Live Stock Branch.And litters from these were largely used to supply members with pigs.It was noticeable that in the Shawville competion all entries were either Yorkshire or York-crosses, The judging of individual exhibits was carried on in the presence of the youthful exhibitors by R.M.Elliott and J.W.Graham organizers of the Pontiac clubs.This proved to be a feature of high educational value.In it the true bacon type was placed at the top and explanations given for the placings in each case.As was to be expected some dissatisfaction was felt by those who had large heavy pigs, in being placed near the bottom, One member, after looking at the long sided pair that won out in the competition and comparing them with his pair of large market hogs, said that \u201cif \u2018stunting\u2019 is what is wanted I could have \u2018stunted\u2019 mine for you too\u201d.But it is right here that the value of the work is shown.It is because true bacon type has not been appreciated throughout the country, and because weight has been given too much prominance, that a grading system has been found necessary.Another year the youngsters taking part in such a competition will know what to look for.Ayrshires Strong at Quebec By W.F.Stephen HILE the exhibit of Ayrshires at Quebec was not as large as last year\u2019s, it was superior in many respects, and we are not exaggerating when we say that it was the best exhibit of Ayrshires seen in Canada for three years, with the exception of the exhibit at Ottawa in 1921.One splendid feature of the exhibit was the high quality and uniformity of the animals as a whole.Tailend- ers were conspicuous by their absence.The exhibit was made by selections from the herd of Frank Byrne, Charlesbourg, who has again built up an exceptionally fine herd; D.T.Ness & Sons, Howick; J.P.Cavers, Ormstown; A, E.Fish & Sons and B.J.Taylor, Ayer\u2019s Cliff; A.Légaré, Sans Bruit; Luc Castonguay, Village des Aulnaies; L.J.Bois, St.Jean Port Joli; Armand Denis, St.Cuthbert; Théo.Boivin, St.Norbert; M.M.Ste- Marie, formerly of Compton but now of Ste.Anne de la Pocatière, judged the exhibit MALES In the aged bull class six magnificent animals lined up, any of them capable of heading a good herd.Ness\u2019s Hobsland Scottie was again placed at the top.He improved on the show circuit and was howing to splendid advantage.Byrne's Mid- dlesex Record Piece was a close second.He is a flashy, well balanced bull, just turned 3 years and if he keeps on \u2018\u2018doing\u201d he may be a champion by another year.He was secured by Mr.Byrne at the New England sale last spring, has splendid record blood behind him and should prove a splendid sire in Mr.Byrne\u2019s herd.Third went to Stoney- croft Bogey Boy, owned by Denis.This bull has done remarkably well and is a deep bodied, well balanced bull.Fourth went to Taylor\u2019s Riverside Champion, another good typy bull but not quite so smooth.Legare\u2019s Burnside Pear] Pearline was placed fifth.This bull is also a \u201ccomer\u201d as he has just enough age for his class.Cavers came sixth with his Ridgehaugh Chief, In the 2 year old class Ness\u2019s Hobsland Speculator was an easy winner over Castonguay\u2019s Bijou de la Petite Rivière.In the yearling class Fish\u2019s Highland Spectator was placed first, but the pedigree checker ruled him out because of a slight discrepancy between the markings on the animal and those on the registration certificate, which we have no hesitation in saying was an unfair deal.We protested but without avail as time should have been given to Mr.Fish to rectify the error if there was one.This threw Mr.Fish out of this prize and also prevented him showing his bull in all the groups.This being the case Ness\u2019s Burnside Billy Kelly was placed first with Taylor's Fairmount Hindward second.In this class we could not quite follow the judge as we were strongly of the opinion that Cavers\u2019 Braeburn Sensier, which we placed fourth, should have received the next placing to Highland Spectator.In the senior calf class Legare\u2019s Lajoie, de la Petite Rivière came first.This is a lusty young- _ster with plenty of middle and well balanced.He was crowded hard for this place by Cavers\u2019 Brae- burn Lucky Boy.In the junior calf class Denis won first with a sweet, typy calf of great quality, closely followed by Taylor with Fairmount Ringleader.Hobsland Scottie was again champion bull.FEMALES While the bull classes were exceptionally good, yet the female classes outclassed them in every respect as the classes held from ten to twenty animals, giving judge Ste-Marie considerable careful thought in making his placings.There were 1\u2019 cows in the aged cow class, every one of them à fit representative of the breed and far outclassed anything that has heretofore been shown this season.The first prize was easily won by Legare\u2019s Primrose, de la Petite Riviére, a large well balanced cow of four years, carrying about as handsome a vessel as we have seen for some time.As for style and conformation she would be hard to beat in a Scotch show ring.She is a daughter of his old champion cow Reine de la Petite Riviére, an improvement on her dam in some respects, especially in udder and we believe will have equally as good veining.Her sire is Victor de Bois de la Roche.Fishs\u2019 typical, beautiful Is- leigh Stella, winner at Sherbrooke, was an easy second with Legare third with another fine, typy cow Amazon de la Petite Rivière.But here we could not quite agree with the placing of the judge as we thought that Byrne\u2019s Ravensdale Peggy should have had this place.She was a little further from the freshening but has a little more scale .(To be continued on page XII) a ENFIN AMIE Tg pce, UE RENAN « THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 45 Prize winning cattle at the fall fairs : 1.Primrose de la Petite Riviere, Grand champion Ayrshire female for Art.Legare & Sons, Sans Bruit, at the Quebec Provincial Exposition.This photograph, taken on the grounds immediately after she had been milked, fails to show the excellent udder as carried by the champion in the show ring.2.The first six in the class of Ayrshire mature cows in milk at Sherbrooke Fair, with Isleigh Stella, senior and grand champion female for A.E.Fish & Sons, at the head.3.Hobsland Scottie D.T.Ness\u2019s bull that has this year carried off championship honors in all the larger Quebec shows.He is here shown at the top of his class at Sherbrooke.4.Dickie Brothers Bull, Rooker Canary Wayne, won championship honors in the Holstein class over Dr.Clark\u2019s bull at Quebec and Three Rivers, At Sherbrooke these bulls were reversed.Dickie Brothers were here from Truro, Nova Scotia.5.Woodland Banostine Jewel, shown here at the head of her class in Sherbrooke, was champion female for P.J.Salley, Lachine Rapids, at this year\u2019s shows at Ormstown, Valleyfield, Three Rivers, Sherbrooke and Quebec.6.The class of Jerseys in milk at Sherbrooke Fair with Brampton Baby 2nd.standing in first place for Richmond Jerseys Inc.7.King Romeo Colanthus, owned by P.J.Salley, Lachine Rapids, was junior champion at the Ormstown Show.: nes [UTI 05 - - .a es IN \u201c wo .Sh ee me mes rm EMR.em Lie i 46 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Quebec Dual Purpose Shorthorn Breeders Organize Much Interesting Discussion Marked Initial Meeting T a meeting, held in Sherbrooke on the night of August 29th, it was decided to organize a Quebec Dual Purpose Shorthorn Club.A goodly number of keenly interested breeders were present together with several outside men, and, judging from the enthusiasm of the first session of this new club, brighter days would appear to be ahead for those who favor the \u201cdouble decker\u2019.The men chosen to guide the destinies of the club through the first year of its existence were: President, Alex.Maclaren, Buckingham; Vice-Pre- sidents, Samuel Gobeil, La Patrie and T PB.Macauley, Hudson Heights; Secretary-Treasurer, Prof.H.Barton, Macdonald College.By motion of the meeting it was decided that the appointment of the directors should be left, for the first year, to the executive committee, who would go carefully over the field and endeavour to secure representative men.The meeting was called by Prof.Barton aiid Mr.Maclaren as a result of a suggestion brought forward last winter at the annual meeting of the Canadian Dual Purpose Shorthorn Club.The Canadian Club has so far functioned mostly in Ontario and at the annual meeting it was suggested that branches should be formed in the other provinces.Prof.Barton, Mr.Maclaren and Mr.Macauley were then asked by the Parent Organization to look into the possibility of forming a club in this province.NEED FOR ORGANIZATION Prof.Barton in opening the meeting referred to the fact that although there are in Quebec more than two hundred breeders of Pure Bred Shorthorns, little is heard of them, with the possible exception of a few of the larger breeders.\u201cWe have a large supply of foundation stock in the Province\u201d, stated Prof.Barton.\u201cWe have seme good blood here and are well equipped to go on with the business of Shorthorn breeding.But we have no machinery, local or otherwise, to stimui- ate the business, We are too far removed from the Dominion Club, and have no organization of our own.And during the past few years we have lost ground in Quebec compared with some of the other breeds through this lack of machinery\u201d.DESIRE RECOGNITION AT FAIRS Prof.Barton then called upon Alex.Maclaren of Buckingham, introducing him as the outstanding Dual Purpose Shorthorn breeder in Quebec.Mr.Maclaren spoke on the need of special classes at the exhibitions for Dual Purpose Shorthorns.At our fairs, at present, there is no differentiation made between strictly beef type and dual purpose type.The consequence is that when good milking stock comes out in competition with stock of straight Scotch breeding it is very difficult for a judge to know how to handle the situation, and there is usually dissatisfaction on all sides.With a dub functioning, as they hoped that this new ciub would do, it should be possible to arrange with exhibition authorities to have special classes for these dual purpose animals.Mr.Maclaren in discussing dual purpose type cautioned the breeder to keep \u2019twixt and \u2019tween in their breeding work and to avoid the mistake of going after a strictly milk type.He stated that he did not agree with the idea that you must have none but English dairy blood in a good dual purpose herd.\u201cWhen you get beyond twelve thousand pounds of milk\u201d, he said, \u201cyou are, in my opinion getting away from the ideal.The antidote to use then is a little Scotch blood\u201d.ADDRESS FROM PROF.DAY Prof.George E.Day, secretary of the Dominion Shorthorn Breeders\u2019 Association, was next called upon.He advised the formation of the proposed club, pointing out the advantages of such an organization in getting in touch with the breeders, and reminding the meeting that each of the Western Provinces now have their own clubs which are doing excellent work.Prof.Day laid special stress upon the value of a provincial club to beginners.\u201cIf this club, or if any club, is to be a success\u201d, he said, \u201cthe members must so far as possible sink the idea of selfishness.The question, \u201cwhat is there in it for me\u201d, is something that has ruined too many organizations.A club tends to correct this selfish view point.The members become more broad minded; they become acquainted socially; and from a business standpoint they get acquainted with other people in their line of work and know where to look for stock or for buyers.In connect\u2019'on with the exhibition proposals Prof.Day remindcd the meeting that at one time many of the fair associations provided classes for Dual Purpose Shorthorns.These were discontinued because they were not properly filled, and because certain breeders tock advantage of the extra classes and brought out scrubs.He emphasized the importance not only of forming these classes but of bringing out good stuff in them to advertise the breed.WHAT IS DUAL PURPOSE?Prof.Day dwelt at some length upon the requisites of a Dual Purpose animal, and cautioned the breeders against going in for strictly dairy Shorthorns under the name \u201cdual\u201d, as much as against raising strictly beef.He instanced several herds of Shorthorns that he had visited both in this country and in England that were called dual purpose but certainly were not.Beef quality should not be forgotten.\u201cIf you make a study of the Holstein bulls that are winning at the big shows\u201d, said Prof Day, \u201cyou may find them better from a beef standpoint than some of the sires standing at the head of so called Dual Purposes Shorthorns herds.If you use a dual purpose bull that would not make a reasonable beef animal you are getting off the track.If you are going in for dairying strictly do not use a dual purpose breed.If your main object is to supply milk to the city, don\u2019t spoil a good Shorthorn\u2014use a dairy breed.\u201cIt seems to me\u201d, he continued, \u201cthat every Shorthorn should be a Dual Purpose Shorthorn.There is milk to be had from animals other than those of English breed.To date thirteen Shorthorn bulls are qualified for R.I.P-\u2014that is they have at least four daughters out of different dams that have qualified.One has eleven R.O.P.daughters.He is a bull called St.Clair, and his mother was a rather indifferent milker.Of the thirteen, seven or eight are of straight Scotch breeding, and the others are strongly Scotch topped.Only one has a preponderence of English blood.As time goes on, and English stock is brought in, this condition of affairs will of course change\u2014but it goes to show that if we need more substance in our herd we can safely introduce Scotch blood at any time\u201d.Prof.Day agreed with Mr.Maclaren in his reluctance to stretch the records too far.He was not sure that it would be a good policy to try to develop a new strictly dairy breed when so many good dairy breeds are already available.He pointed out that the demand today is for a cow that will give milk and raise good steers, and he referred to the great market that is available for Shorthorns of this type in the West.In closing his remarks Prof.Day called attention to three things that should be striven for by every breeder of Shorthorns.These were: 1.Good head and horns.Prof.Day pointed out the difficulty of finding bulls with good Shorthorn character showing in the head.2.Good color or colors.3.Condition.Put a little fat on the top of a good foundation carcass and sales will follow.FOR A HIGHER STANDARD Mr.T.B.Maclauley, of Mount Victoria Farms, Hudson Heights, in his opening remarks referred to a two weeks survey of the Shorthorns in the Liastern Townships, made by himself and Mr.Chandler, his farm manager, On this trip they picked up quite a few animals for their herd and they expect that these will all make places in R.O.P.work.Mr.Macauley gave it as his opinion that there is a great field for the dual purpose cow in Quebec.He referred to the splendid markets for milk and also for beef, and stated that no one could visit the barns on the average farm or the stockyards of our cities without being impressed with the fact that our ordinary stock is not up to standard, He believes that a dual purpose breed must meet both of these requirements to take its place in the province, and does not think that a beef cow that gives milk should be called dual purpose.He considers the R.O.P.standard for Shorthorns ridiculously low\u2014particularly for Eastern conditions, and that a mature cow giving but 5,500 lbs.of milk is not necessarily dual purpose.\u201cThe true test of a beef quality of a dual purpose cow is her state when dry, or the fleshing quality of her steer sons\u201d, continued Mr.Macauley.\u201cWe do not need to be afraid of getting too much milk.We can\u2019t put the standard too high.Montvic Molly gave over 16,000 lbs.of milk and when milking carried very little flesh, out when she was dry she was rolling in fat.\u201cI have found in my visits to Shorthorn herds that too many bulls with dairy blood are light in the hind quarter.There is no necessity for this.It is simply the result of neglect to look after the beefing qualities while going out for dairy excellence.What we must do\u201d, he concluded.\u201cIn a dual purpose breed is to make sure of getting the raaximum in both\u201d.F.R.Cromwell, of Cookshire, and Mr.Greig, of Plainfield, Vermont.were among the other speakers.Paint will Pay a Good Interest T has been repeatedly proved that an ordinary farm building, kept from the beginning well painted, will last twice as many years as one left unprotected by paint.When this fact is considered, the price of paint and painting is not a cost but an investment that pays a splendid interest in dollors and cents, Farm implements also need the protecting benefits of frequent painting.Manufacturers\u2019 statistics assert that six years is the average life of a farm wagon and that mowers and binders last on the average but seven years.Right here is a big farm leak.A good wagon well handled should last and give good steady service for 15 to 20 years, and it will do so when its surface is kept protected with good paint, its axles well lubricated, and the whole protected from the sun and rain when not in actual use.A mower and a binder is in actual use but a couple of weeks on the general farm, but they are ready for the junk heap after seven seasons if neglected and unpainted.Keep the machines and tools well painted: go over them every year and shelter them from the weather and it will add years and years to their service.If you are not not making money on the farm, scratch your head and do some hard thinking.Paying your debts and not beating your wife doesn\u2019t necessarily qualify you as a good citizen.THESE ARE THE \u201cSELECT\u201d HOGS TO YIELD CANADIAN EXPORT BACON Note the uniform size, the long-sided type, the back evenly fleshed fro k i i i which drops straight from the back, and the bright alertness Which.tells ot viine a aod Fah ox_the side, a suggestion everywhere of young, tender, juicy bacon well streaked with fat and lean.in cattle; calves of ail ages, male and female; good milech cows of all ages; Leicester sheep and ewes of all ages, also lambs and lamb-cwes, At very low prices.J.H.COUTURL, St.Augustine, Portneuf Cty., Que.The \"RENFREW\u201d Oil Engine ITH no electrical A ignition system, no carburetor, no magneto, no batteries, no coils, and no wires to worry and give trouble.A \u201cRenfrew\u201d Oil Engine pays for itself in a year, through its saving in fuel.It burns any cheap fuel, from coal-oil down to fuel oil.It is built to suit the needs of the Canadian farmer.Write for our Catalogue \u201cG-9* and Instruction Book.The Renfrew Machinery Company, Limited MONTREAL, Qué.Head Office & Works : RENFREW, Ont.Sussex, N.B.Milwaukee, Wis., U.S.A, 2) o for the cultivated crops.It exerts the best residual effect upon the hay crop and at least a part of the manure produced on the farm may well be applied annually in this way.Farm manure, being the most important by-pro- duct of the farm, it is worth the while of every farmer to take every care in handling and storing it, and thereby to make the most economical use of its initial manurial constituents.Problems in Economics (Continued from page 42) II.By borrowing, thus creating a public debt, which may be owed to its own citizens or to citizens of a foreign country; III.From taxation, 1.In the middle ages, the land was looked upon as the king\u2019s domain, and was divided in such a way that rent finally came to the king (who was the government) in the form of free service in war, meney, and kind or actual commodities, carrying out th's idea, in our newer countries, the land was owned by the crown, that is by the particular type Hy SN Ji Tested in every climate STAND on END RU-BER-0ID ROOFING in every climate.are still in excellent the world.you cannot be sure Dire; Dis?Greclionslan \u201cRUBERV 43 Nal oro onan 1548 ng PRopucT © 1 A ml ERUBEROID COL S MONTREAL VAN Ru-ber-oid Board is a superior wallboard at the usual price.Look for the Crimson Core.of Government prevailing there.Hence come the free grants of land, sale of lands to homesteaders, the royalties received by the Government for the privilege of cutting wood, mining minerals, fishing and hunting.All such monies may be looked upon, not as taxes, but as proceeds from industrial enterprises.Again, many countries, provinces, cities, engage in definite industrial enterprises, such as railways, tramways, postal service, municipal gas-works, water-systems, docks, housing projects, markets and slaughter-houses, theatres and breweries; the revenues from such undertakings from part of the government revenue.Or the non-success may result in a deficit, (to be paid for by the other two methods of raising revenue.) In Europe especially, the city governments have engaged in many industrial undertakings: docks, sewage-fertilized farms, model housing projects, compulsory fire-insurance, milk and meat supply, gas and electricity supply, tramways.In several cases, dividends were large enough to permit substantial decreases in taxation.We are not here advocating government ownership; our purpose is merely to explain one great source of industrial revenue.The postal service Ru-ber-oid Roll Roofing was the first, and for many years the only, ready roofing on the market.It has stood every test of weather resistance Many of the first roofs laid repair.Ru-ber-oid gnuality is the roofing standard of It is essential to look for the Ru- ber-oid trademark on the label \u2014 otherwise of getting the long-lived roof that Ru-ber-oid Roll Roofing can be depended upon to give.Ask any builder or architect, or the dealer in your town who displays the Ru-ber-oid sign, to teil you about Ru-ber-o0id Roll Roofing, Ru-ber-oid Latite Shingles lay tight and stay tight because they are locked on You will be interested in further information.Write for it to-day.THhe RUBEROID Co°, LIMITED Montreal NG DE AS om 3 ode EG iT S J e THE JOURNAL OF.AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE is one outstanding instance of a revenue producing government industry in practically every country.On the other hand, the English government, for instance, has not been nearly so successful financially with its control of the telegraph and telephone services.II.The second method of raising revenue is from loans.These loans, for which the Government issues bonds which then return to investor regular annual interest, constitute the National Debt.When this debt or any part of it is incurred for public works, for permanent improvements, it is rather in the nature of a great national investment.When & Government borrows money to set apart and organize a great National Park or build a great National Highway even when they do not produce dividends, we may consider this a wise investment of the people\u2019s savings and we may be willing to show this by paying for the use of this money in interest payable out of taxes.Moreover, except for much of the Federal National Debt, much of this money has been borrowed by province or city for the purpose of social, educational, industrial development .Bonds issued to build canals, parks, school houses; to finance such industrial undertakings as were mentioned above; poor-relief, hospitals and such institutions; there are investments in the welfare and progress of the nation.Into these, citizens put their capital, through the Government (which is really through themselves), the rest of us finding therein sufficient satisfaction to pay them their interest out of taxes when it cannot come from dividends.But the larger part of every national debt has been incurred for war or for the preparation for war.The total national government debts of the world have been estimated by the New York National City Bank as: Before War, 1914.44 billions of dollars Close of War, 1920.279 This was very largely increased in the last two XI years, as many European countries cannot meet their annual expenses by industrial revenue and taxation, and therefore borrow to meet these expenses, For instance: France expects to spend in 1923, 400 millions of dollars more than her revenue on ordinary expenses, and 2700 millions for her devastated regions.The latter, of course, she expects German reparations to pay.Professor Fetter, of Princeton University, estimates National Debts of leading solvent countries, in 1920, as: (solvent\u2014still believed to be able, eventually, to \u201ccome through\u201d).France.ce ee a .$46 billions Britain.+.ee 4.89 United States.2 1e a.24 \u201c Italy.18 6 Where will i it all end?There still remains the problem of taxation.We shall discuss this great problem in our next two articles.ment.nerves.Here, as in all problems of sleeping equip- she finds Simmons ready to serve\u2014 with Springs built for sleep.Simmons Springs support growing spines naturally, ensure nor- ment, the choice of the right sleeping equip- Start with the Spring\u2014 the foundation for the mattress, the support for the body with its spine and delicate structure of spinal Probably no one who looks at a sleeping child is Jilled with wonderment more than the mother.She, above all, is anxious to know all she can about sleep.\u2018To the Mother - about the sleep of her children The right start in sleep is made with Springs built for sleep\u2014with the Simmons responsibility.p my iy | TI Arn Sa ad as # ce Uli ih LL The \u201cMadison\u201d Design 1328 An exquisite example of bed design in the early Colonial manner.Furnished in a variety of beautiful wood finishes.SIMMONS BIE: Built for Sleep mal circulation, bringing as a consequence complete relaxation and healthful sleep.Responsibility for the sleep of a// who use Simmons sleeping equipment.Simmons Springs\u2014 Built for Sleep 25.50 to $40.00 Simmons Beds\u2014Built for Sleep $8.00 to $75.00 Simmons Mattresses\u2014Built for Sleep\u2014¢10.00 to $60.00 Be sure to see the Simmons Label on Bed, Spring and Mattress before you buy\u2014The Simmons Label is your assurance of sleeping equipment built for sleep.All genuine Simmons Beds, Springs and Mattresses have it.No others have. ui - \u2014 Lun ER ame meta EIS JT ER AE I A a hr He TS XII THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE © Ayrshires Strong at Quebec (Continued from page 44) and quality.In the dry cow class Byrne\u2019s Spring- burn Bountiful Maid won over Ness\u2019s Ravensdale Clara.She is a strong cow with many good qualities and few faults and when freshened should put up an elegant udder.In this class Le- gare\u2019s Reine de la Petite Rivière, a champion of many shows was relegated to third place.This cow is beginning to break and we are pleased to know that in her daughter (the first prize aged cow) Mr.Legare has a fine successor.In the 3 year old cow class Ness\u2019s Edgewood Heather Bell was an easy winner over Legare\u2019s Jennaton 3rd.In the 3 year old cow dry Byrne won on Allancroft Mina, a cow of exceptional promise, while her stablemate won second.These cows are both sired by Barwheys Flashlight and are a strong acquisition to Mr.Byrne's herd.In the 2 year olds in milk 11 excellent heifers faced the judge.Here the Sherbrooke placing was considerably reversed.Ness\u2019s Edgewood Duchess third at Sherbrooke was placed first and her stablemate Edgewood Blossom Best third.While Cavers\u2019 Brae- burn Genevieve stood in the same place, second.Duchess was looking much better than at Sherbrooke as when shown there she had just freshened.In the 2 year old dry class there were also 11 entries and this was an exceptionally fine class.Byrne won on Middlesex Jennie, a large, strong, quality heifer with good possibilities of production.Cavers came second with his Braeburn Dewdrop, first in her class at Sherbrooke.This class was placed very much as it was at Sherbrooke as regards the Cavers and Fish heifers.Ten senior yearlings made a fine showing.Here Fish\u2019s Laigh Tarbeg White Lady was an easy winner.She is a heifer with an exceptionally close topline, splendid middle and mammary development.Denis was a close second with a fine type heifer, closely followed by Legare, Sixteen junior yearlings gave the judge considerable trouble as they were a very uniform lot.However in the final analysis Cavers\u2019 Braeburn Nancy was given top place with her stablemate Braeburn Floss 2nd.In the senior calf class 14 well developed youngsters made a fine showing.First went to Ness\u2019s Ravensdale Stella with Byrnehill Stella a close second.Thirteen.junior calves lined up Here Legare scored with Estelle de la Petite Rivière.The champion female was awarded to Legare\u2019s Primrose de la Petite Rivière.The special for best cow 3 years and over was won by Legare on his champion cow and under 3 years was won by Ness on his Edgewood Duchess.There was close competition in the aged herd prize between Byrne and Legare but Byrne won out with a most uniform line up.In the R.O.P.class the Holsteins and Ayrshires were all shown together.Holsteins won out in the mature class but in the junior class Fish's Greta of Riverdale won first and his Isleigh Stella third, a Holstein coming in between.; Quebec Apple Prospects HE total crop will be about 75 per cent in excess of that of last year.Early varieties are particularly heavy and difficult to market.The crop is clean.Macdonald College \u2014Apples on the whole wil] be a light Sein ki we crop following a very heavy crop a year ago.There is practically no scab in well sprayed orchards, but there is some injury from codling moth.Apples are sizing up well, especially where trees are not heavily loaded.LaTrappe\u2014The total crop of apples will be about 50 per cent of that of last year.Yellow Transparent, Duchess, Tetofsky, Astrachan, 100 per cent of last year; Wealthy, 60 per cent, Salome, Russets, Canada Red, Scotts Winter 40 per cent.The crop on the whole is clean and trees that were thinned have fruit of normal size, others are somewhat undersize.Abbotsford\u2014Crop will total about 75 per cent more than last year with early varieties particularly heavy.Fall and winter varieties from 50 to 60 per cent more than 1921 Some damage is reported by codling moth also some scab developing.Rougemont \u2014There will be from 40 to 50 per cent heavier crop than last year with early varieties in abundance.Other varieties fair to good.Crop generally clean, but scab and codling moth reported in same orchards.Hail storms reported during August, results not serious.Hemmingford\u2014On the whole the crop will be 60 per cent more than last year.Early varieties very heavy, MeIntosh and Fameuse fair to medium, other varieties fair to good.There was some hail, but crop not seriously injured.St.Hilaire \u2014 The apple crop in this district is very heavy, at least 75 per cent more than that of 1921.All varieties promise a full crop.Fameuse especially are growing well with good size and colour for this season.Some scab reported in orchards not receiving sufficient attention.Chateauguay \u2014 Crop of early apples 100 per cent more than last year, fall varieties including Wealthy 10 per cent heavier and Me- Intosh and Fameuse 60 per cent more than last year Scab developing rapidly in unsprayed orchards.Island of Montreal\u2014Early varieties good, some scab developing.St.Joseph Du lac\u2014 Early varieties heavy crop, autumn varieties about half crop; winter varieties light, 33 per cent of last year.Apples in this district this season are chiefly summer varieties.Wealthy, Fameuse and McIntosh are light crop.Scab is plentiful and a large quantity of the fruit is attacked by insects and disease especially Dut- chess, Wealthy and Alexander.umo EET TT J i 464 Why one is better than the other ~ Two oils may look exactly alike\u2014they may even pass the same physical tests\u2014and yet one may be altogether unsuited for the lubrication of your tractor.The Imperial Chart of Recommendations, eliminates guesswork lubrication.It specifies the grade of Imperial Polarine Motor Oils which exactly conforms to the construction and duties of your particular make and model of tractor.Full power, ability to do more work and do it more economically always follow exclusive use of the right grade.Make the Imperial Chart your guide to proper lubrication, and you will realize more profit from your tractor.Consult the Imperial Oil man.IMPERIAL OIL LIMITED Canadian Company Canadian Capital Canadian Workmen IMPERIAL POLARINE SPECIAL HEAVY OIL (Special Heavy Body) A dark amber-colored, heavy- bodied oil specially suitable for lubrication of tractor engines.It maintains compression and power under extreme heat.(Eh MADE IN CANADA pe No matter how good an oil is, it cannot lub= ricate properly after it has become diluted or filled with dirt and grit.Drain your crank case and clean it thoroughly with Imperial Flushing Oil every 50 working hours or less and you will get better results from your tractor.IMPERIAL POLARINE EXTRA HEAVY OIL (Extra Heavy Body) A dark amber-colored oil for both air and water cooled engines where an extra heavy-bodied oil is required.It holds up compression under extreme heat.Especially suitable for tractor engines.gn di os Ted eld aes Satria BA oa qe ee LCE Era CIO RS Spay pc A as A 65 ne RUE ee Es ¢ # A 5 5 Ÿ x Fs 4 3 } THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Huntingdon Stages a Big Fair UNNY skies and cool breezes made ideal weather for Hunting- don Fair held on September 7th., and 8th., and consequently there was a good attendance both days.There was little to prevent farmers from attending this year as harvesting was over, much thrashing had been done and corn cutting was not on, therefore, people were free to attend It is thought by some that the fifty cent admission fee put on in war time should have been reduced and had it been doubtless there would have been a much larger attendance.The management had everything well in hand for the opening of the show, although the new Secretary was hampered by too many late entries.It is strange that exhibitors will be delinquent in this respect when their entries might just as well have been in on time.Much credit is due Secretary Small for the smooth manner in which he performed his work.There was an unusually fine exhibit of live stock, particularly of horses.This fine exhibit is due largely to the large number of special prizes offered by the towns people of Hunt- ingdon, the Bank of Montreal, Bank of Commerce, Hon.J.A.Robb, who each offered a silver trophy, and Lord Atholstan, who contributed $200.00 toward prizes in live stock.HORSES Clydesdales had well filled classes, two old exhibitors coming back, James Bell and Archibald Bell, the former winning the Hon.J.A.Robb trophy, a beautiful silver cup for best display of heavy draft horses, bred and owned by exhibitor.McGerrigle won first and second in the aged stallion class.When it came to the champion prize Archie Bell won with his foal, which the judge pronounced one of the best he had seen in several years, Among the other exhibitors we notice the names of A.McEdwards, David Pringle, Huntingdon; Geo.D.Elder, Kensington; Norman Paul, Glen Elm; J.H.Nussey, Brysonville; Sam McGerrigle, Wm.Winter, Orms- town; D.A.McCormick, Allan's Corners.D.A.McCormick had the champion mare.In heavy draft horses James Bell was the largest exhibitor, followed by D.A.McCormick, H.R_ Graham and Ouimet Bros., of Huntingdon; Norman Paul, George Moore, Dewittville; A.E.Cairns, Athelstan.In light draft horses the principal exhibitors were Rennie Bros., Arthur Graham, J.Hunter & Sons, Kerr Neely, all of Huntingdon; George Moore, Dewittville; John E.White and W.A.White, Kensington; Roy Cooper, Kelvin Grove; A.E.Cairns, W.R, Stewart, Henry Wilson, Athelstan; William Cullen, Ormstown, among whom the prizes were fairly well divided, John E.White taking the championship for mare or gelding, J.Hunter & Sons won in pair of horses not over 2800.W.R.Stewart won for the pair in the 2400 class, The carriage horses were exceptionally good.Judge George Hay of La- chute, Que., considered they were the best he had ever judged here.Among the principal exhibitors were William Cullen, A.McEdwards, Geo.C Ferns, Noel Reynolds, D_ A.Cairns, \u201cStanley Bryson, Jos.Anderson, Austin Kelly, W.A.White and Roy Cooper, A.Me- Edwards won in carriage horses 15 and over and Noel Reynolds won in 15 and under.William Cullen won in the roadster class.Miss Cullen won in the lady drivers with Miss Anderson second and the same winning was made in ladies saddle horses.CATTLE The cattle stables were well filled.Ayrshires made a splendid showing and were judged by A.R.Ness, of Macdonald College, who did his work carefully and to the satisfaction of the ringsiders Animals from the following herds were represented : \u2014 W.C.Tully, Athelstan; Gilbert Me- Millan, David Pringle, T.B.Stark, Wallace Merson, James Nesbit and C.B.Ferns, all of Huntingdon; D.A.McFarlane, Glen Elm.Tully was the largest exhibitor with McFarlane XIII second.W.C.Tully had no oppositionsgBank of Montreal for best display of in the aged bull class with his Will- dairy cattle four herds competing\u2014 owmoor Peter Pan 93rd., a bull of excellent dairy qualities, but he had to give way to Gilbert McMillan\u2019s Southcraig Sir John for champion.Gilbert McMillan won the special for cow in milk with Springburn Mischief.W.C.Tully won champion over all with his Beaver Meadow Daisy th, a beautiful type cow.Tully won the Bank of Commerce silver cup for best display of Ayrshires and also the sterling silver cup offered by the D.A.McFarlane with his Ayrshires, Helm Bros.with their Holsteins and T.Ritchie & Son with their Shorthorns.This cup must be won two years out of three.McFarlane won A.Ritchie\u2019s special for cow and two progeny and also McMillan\u2019s special for best breeders\u2019 trio.Gilbert McMillan won the aged herd prize and McFarlane the: young herd.A very nice display of Ayrshire grades was put up by David Pringle.A General Utility Farm Power Unit The Caron Plant marks the dawning of a new era of comfort for farmers.It is so far ahead of the ordinary Farm Power Unit, that there is no way in which any other Farm Power Unit can compare with it.To begin with, it costs considerably less to buy ; it costs a great deal less to operate, and there is practically nothing to get out of order, for this new patented VALVELESS engine does, with but 3 MOVING PARTS, what the ordinary engine requires 27 moving parts to do, and as a result of doing away with all these noisy, knocking complicated parts it is practically free from trouble and is unusually silent.And there is yet another advantage in buying the Caron Plant\u2014it is a feature that is not to be found in any other Farm Power Unit.The Engine may be bought first; Pump, Generator and other units can be added later as you need them] The only Unit Power Plant that gives Electric Light\u2014Running Water\u2014Direct Power for Belt Machines to 3 H.P.\u2014also Special Friction Drives for Cream Separator and Milking Machine.AT PRICES YOU CAN AFFORD Engine alone with belt pulley Engine (as above) and Water Pump Engine and Generator Engine, Generator and Water Pump Engine,Generator and 90-Amp.hour battery 446.00 Engine,Generator, Battery and Water Pump 516.00 Cream Separator Drive ALL PRICES F.O.B.MONTREAL Write today for free illustrated booklet.CARON BROTHERS, INC, MONTREAL $147.00 217.00 18.00 EL VEEP Ian tenn NE XIV The Holsteins were judged by W.A.McElroy, of Chesterville.They, too, made a good showing, the exhibitors being James Winter, Ormstown; W, R.Stewart, Glen Elm; Helm Bros, Athelstan; John E.and F.Ouimet, besides a few others that had individual animals.Winter won the champion male prize with his aged bull.Gano Paul Posch.He also won Lord Athelstan\u2019s special of $15.00.Helm Bros.won the champion female with their cow, Artis Netherland Pride.Helm Bros.also won Lord Athelstan\u2019s special for best cow in milk, A.Ritchie's special for cow and two progeny, W.G.Webber's special and C E.Ewing's special.Helm Bros.also won the aged herd prize.F.I.Ouimet won the young herd prize.Shorthorns which were judged by George Muir, of the Experimental Farm, Ottawa, were a larger exhibit than usual and were exhibited by James Ritchie & Son and R.A.Gordon, Dewittville; H.R.Graham and M.T.Robb & Son, Huntingdon; W.S.Todd, Ormstown.James Ritchie & Son won the bulk of the first prizes with Robb coming in, in some of the junior classes.Ritchie & Son also won the herd prize, as well as the champion bull and W.S.Todd the champion female Todd won the Graham special and Ritchie & Son the Fraser special, the Dr.Douglas special and Lord Athels- tan\u2019s special for best beef bull.Todd won Lord Athelstan\u2019s special for best beef heifer.Alex Robb won the young herd prize.SHEEP Sheep were judged by George Muir, of the Experimental Farm, Ottawa.Leicesters were exhibited by John Purcell and David Pringle.Purcell won the champion ram and ewe and also the pen prize.In Shropshires John Purcell, William Graham and George Moore were the exhibitors.Purcell again scored in this section winning the champions, In Oxford Downs M.T.Robb, Alex Robb and Lionel Robb were the exhibitors.M.T.Robb won the flock prize | SWINE Swine were also judged by George Muir.Chester Whites were exhibited by Norman Brooks, of Franklin, who had no competition.Tamworths were exhibited by George Hooker and Hooker Brothers, the prizes being evenly divided between them, In Berkshires W.A.Arnold and W.S.Todd competed for premier positions with the prizes fairly evenly divided.In Duroc Jerseys George Hooker and Hooker Bros, were the principal exhibitors as they were also in Yorkshires, with no competition.Geo.Hooker won with his Yorkshires Lord Athelstan\u2019s special for best bacon type boar and best bacon type sow.POULTRY There was rather a choice exhibit of poultry, judged by O_ Taylor, Orms- town.John Graham, of Howick, was the largest exhibitor with Thos.Mec- Gill a close second.Other exhibitors were Alex McCracken, Wallace Mer- son, Gordon McClatchie, A.P.Graham, I.Helm, John Helm, Mrs.Jas.Winter, Talbot Irwin, Henry Henderson, W.A.Arnold, S.McKee, Maitland Paton, F.E.Braithwaite, Mrs.C_ B.Ferns, who all won prizes.Fertilizers for Field Crops HERE has recently been issued from the Division of Chemistry of the Experimental Farms System a comprehensive bulletin on the subject of Fertilizers for Field Crops.It is the work of the Dominion Chemist and the Soil Fertility Specialist, both of whom nr gate ES I: REO SY IRR AT Se TMT have had a large and long experience with fertilizers in the laboratory and field and who have conducted experiments with fertilizers for a number of years in every province,of the Dominion, The bulletin is, as has been said, comprehensive in its nature; the endeavour has been to treat not only of fertilizers, their nature, fune- tion as plant foods and application\u2014 but to discuss the position of fertilizers in a rational method of soil management towards increasing crop yields.Further, it takes up from the practical as well as the scientific standpoint the nature and value of farm manures, of green manuring, of liming, ete., and considers how all of these may be used in the upkeep and increase of soil fertility.It is eminently practical throughout, being intended as a guide for the man on the land who is considering the use of fertilizers and will be found instructive and of interest to all who are looking for definite, concise information on the all-im- portant matter of increased crop yields and the economic improvement of their soils.An important feature of the bulletin is that the conclusions and advice given are the direct outcome of in- vestigational work carried on in the Dominion; in this respect it is the first publication of its kind in Canada and marks a distinet advance on all previous bulletins dealing with the subject.FRANK T.SHUTT, Dominion Chemist.The Milk Campaign HE Dairy and Cold Storage branch of the Dominion Department of Agriculture is rendering a real service to Canadians Pa generally as well as to the farmer in particular in issuing a number of pamphlets on Milk, its products and their uses.Attention has already been directed to the pamphlets on \u201cWhy and How to Use Milk\u201d and on \u201cWhy and How to Use Cheese\u201d, with which the good work was begun.These have been followed by a series of circulars, which numbered 5, 6, 7 and 8 are respectively headed: \u201cWhy and How to Use Skim-Milk\u201d, \u201cWhy and How to Use Cream\u201d, \u201cWhy and How to Use Cottage Cheese\u201d and \u201cWhy and How to Use Buttermilk\u2019.These publications are mostly illustrated, and THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE contain, besides descriptive matter on the value as a food and contributor to health and vigor of each product, a number of 1seful recipes from which a large variety of tasty, satisfying and economical dishes can be made for consumption by the individual and by the family.In these times when the high cost of living is so seriously felt the service that these publications are rendering is invaluable and, what is greatly to the purpose, is that each or all can be had entirely free by application addressed to the Publications Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.SOFT & FLAKY- 9, WONT SCRATCH _ do r IOI yr FeedsforWinter Steer Feeding Winter steer feeding is profit- - able, but the profit depends upon the proper utilization of the cheapest and best farm-grown feeds.This is the proper time to determine the rotations to be fol- loved next year, and the types of crops to be grown for the produe- tion of suitable winter feeds.From the results of many years of careful study of the growing and purchasing of feeds for winter steer feeding, the Experimental Farms have published their compiled results as special pamphlets on \u201cWinter Feeds for Steer Feeding.\u201d Write to your nearest Experimental Farm for these valuable pamphlets.Skip Live Poultry by Carlots The co-operative shipping of 2 SE Val?OF ND ; =o) Sl a angl A 7) Jig A NOTE: This is the third of a series of monthly bulletins to ge timely information of value to farmers live poultry has made rapid progress.A single shipment in Quebec returned farmers $1,000 to $1,500 more per car than would otherwise have been obtained.There is no loss through shrink age by this method; the birds are fed while in transit and are delivered at shipping weight.In a number of instances the birds have actually increased in weight while in transit.Write the Dominion Live Stock Branch, Ottawa, for further particulars.Finish Your Lambs Before Marketing With an abundance of cheap grains it should be profitable to feed up unfinished lambs because the public are demanding fresh- killed lamb meat and are willing to pay higher prices for it.Send only the finished lambs to market and retain the others until finished.Storing Ice This Winter Plans and specifications for small cold storages suitable for farmers, dairymen, country storekeepers, summer camps and country homes will be sent free on application to the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner, Ottawa.Instruction on the subject of storing ice for summer use will also be given.Eat More Canadian Fruit The Canadian fruit crop is unexcelled for quality, flavor and attractiveness, and a bumper crop is now being harvested.Give Canadian children Canadian fruit.Canadian potatoes and onions are now sold by weight only and according to specified grades.New Book on Insects An illustrated book on insects affecting greenhouse plants has just been issued by the Entomological Branch.This book will be of particular value to greenhouse men and florists, and will be sent free on application to the Publications Branch.New Publications Growing Feeds for the Winter Feeding of Beef Cattle.Feeds for Wintering and Winter Fattening of Beef Cattle in Eastern Canada.Crop Rotations.Preparing Poultry Produce for Market.Dressing and Cutting Lamb Carcasses.Finishing Lambs for the Block.Storage of Ice.Insects Affecting Greenhouse Plants, List of all publications available.Publications Branch Dominion Department of Agriculture 3 Ottawa 103 Om mm mm & #, THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE XV SCOTTISH FERTILIZERS AND SYDNEY BASIC SLAG We want agents in several localities in Quebec, where we are not already represented, and, therefore, invite enquiries from reliable farmers, who feel they could handle a carload or upwards.There is no fertilizer to equal Basic Slag for pastures and meadows, when applied in the fall.Don\u2019t you think you could place a carload this fall?Then, for your spring crops, you and your neighbours will be best served with SCOTTISH COMPLETE FERTILIZERS.These are the very finest produced anywhere and are not to be compared with the ordinary fertilizers, as commonly offered.: Write us at once and get full particulars.SCOTTISH FERTILIZERS LIMITED.Departement \u201cJ\u201d.WELLAND, i ; .ONTARIO SIMONDS SAWS We can guarantee