The Journal of agriculture and horticulture, 1 juillet 1928, dimanche 1 juillet 1928

[" | Te JOURNAL 0 AND HORTICULTURE , Volume 32 Jul V Ist 1928 Number 1 } Lu 1 it i pr À + a J } ; LE | ; | i QUEBEC \u2014 AN IDEAL HOLIDAY-LAND.1 Quebec\u2019s assets include not only her forests and farms and mines and waterpowers and manufactures\u2014the beauty of her lakes and mountains à draws annually to her many thousands of tourists whose buying means much to our prosperity.PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF | THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC.4 II TIE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE What will Chrusler do do next ?TIS SCARCELY too much to say that all cars are better cars today beçause of Chrysler.It might be indelicate to say even as much as this if the facts were not known to every motorist whose memory goes back four years \u2014if these facts did not advertise themselves so plainly in every car that runs today.When Chrysler came, the Chrysler car was the only car of its particular and peculiar type and kind which existed.Before Chrysler came, a different type ot engine design, different style-standards, and a different standard of performance almost universally prevailed.The entire industry had been jogging along comfortably for many years on conventional lines, when suddenly it was rudely galvanized into activity by the advent of a totally new school of engineering and manufacturing thought and action \u2014 what had been a slow procession was swiftly speeded into a quick-step by Chrysler.Today, after four years, there is scarcely an automobile running which has not executed a right-about- face \u2014 which does not bear, either inwardly or outwardly, or both, the unmistakable earmarks of Chrysler influence.It isa good thing for all concerned \u2014dealers as well as the public \u2014 that this should be so.Itis good that all motor manufacturing should be spurred to more progressive standards.It is good for the buying public that they have accepted and established the Chrysler standard of appearance and performance which all manufacturers feel compelled to follow as best they can.It is good for Chrysler to know that the products which proceed from its engineering, designing and manufacturing departments are always being watched with nervous apprehension \u2014 that the entire industry is keyed up with the anticipation and expectation of what Chrysler will do next.Out of this storehouse of scientific research, experiment and demonstration will continue to issue advanced and practical improvements which will inspire the industry and strengthen Chrysler leadership.Every Chrysler car will continue to be the most modern, the most progressive thing in motoring, and the soundest, safest, most economical product the market affords.SEE, TRY and TRADE DE LAVAL Golden Series Separator EE the new De Laval 50th Anniversary Golden Series Separator.Itisnotonly the most beautiful separator but the best separator, in every respect, that has ever been made.It has many improvements and refinements which must prove a source of satisfaction to every owner.Then go a step further and try one of these new De Lavals side-by-side with any other machine.Not one personina hundred who does that fails to choose the De Laval, for it skims cleaner, is easier to turn and operate, and is easier to assemble, handle and wash than any other.The new De Laval can be bought on such easy terms that it will pay for itself while you are using it.Trade allowance made on old separators of any age or make as partial payment.See your De | Laval dealer or write nearest office below.The De Laval Company, Ltd.MONTREAL PETERBOROUGH WINNIPEG VANCOUVER SOUFFLERINE A guaranteed cure for HORSE HEAVES, COLD, BROKEN WIND.Certificates in our hands prove the real merit of \u201cSOUFFLERINE\".Don't delay to learn about, write at once.5 lb-box $4.80, 10 lb.$9.00 Sent by mail C.O.D.MAINLAPBERT, P.O.Box 1597, CHRYSLER CORPORATION OF CANADA, LTD., WINDSOR, ONTARIO Montreal.Walter P.Chrysler, Chairman of the Board + Zz 9 0 ou cand\u201d 3 foal [\u2014 nA a À Xo J \u2019 XS EN-AR-CO MOTOR OIL ¢ (0 LL SN-AR CO MOTOR OIL £ 7 n $ 7 Ô - a \u2014_ Eu o : 5 = Wi-CcG E ç 72 8 a £ ¢ : : : : Ë £ a â E ' $ AS 5 : 5 \u20ac 0 D WHITE ROSE GASOLINE HE ba .oo.TC = ) © © 4\u20140 ©) CANADIAN OIL COMPANIES, LIMITED.LA THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE TI Kill FLIES easily NO SPRAYING NO OBJECTIONABLE ODOURS NO STICKINESS INEXPENSIVE The method is simple and easy.It will take you less than five minutes to follow the directions in each package, and the pads when once prepared will last two or three weeks, killing flies all the ! time.And the cost is only 10 cents per package of 3 pads.Order to-day from your Grocer or ra .dennmvist PA ist, \u201c] have two small threshing outfits.I bought one three years ago and I was supplied with a Klingtite Belt.1 liked it so well for gripping the pulleys and for strength that when I bought another outfit last year I insisted on Klingtite again\u201d\u2014M.Anderson, Matsqui, B.C.\u2014 = At all Grocers,.Druggists and General Stores IN any weather, on any job, you will get powerful, economical, | 10 CENTS PER PACKAGE trouble-free service from a Goodyear Klingtite Belt.It holds the pulleys in a clinging, slipless grip.It runs with a free, loose- hung action that favors the engine bearings, makes the most of fuel, and eliminates bothersome resetting.Moisture-proof, non- shrinking, subject to a minimum of stretch.Requires no dressing.Needs no breaking-in.\u201c\"BSORBINE LL LS AO À will reduce inflamed, - swollen {0 Joints, Sprains, Bruises, Soft \\Bunches; Heals Boils, Poll Evil, Quittor, Fistula and infected sores quickly as it is a positive antiseptic and germicide.Pleasant tq Goodyear Belts are made in endless type for engine drives and in cut lengths for lighter drives.They are sold by Goodyear Farm - ( use; does not blister or remove Service Stations./ the hair, and you can work the bortg, = tN 4 82.50 per bottle, delivered, | ™ : Book 7R free.G d G d VBSORDINE, JR.the anuseptic liniment for mankind} W «2duces Painful, Swollen Veins, Wens, Strains, Brui 0 0 year m eans 00 ear tops pain and inflammation.Price $1.25 per Dole dealers or delivered.Will.tell you more if you rites Liberal Trial Battle for 10c in stamps.vo W.F.YOUNG Inc., 134 Lymans Bldg., Montreal, Can.Absorbine and Absorbine.Jr, are made in Canada.You are deeply interested in the increase production of your farm.You must then keep yourself well posted as to the best means to o it.The Journal of Agriculture contains valuable information in every issue and its costs only $1.00 per annum.Send your subscription to Mr.O.Lessard, secretary of the Council of\u2018 Agriculture, Parliamentary Building, Quebec, ue.AT EVERY MEAL for your health\u2019s sake eat- caen GENUINE on the head of every cask is your guarantee and your grocer\u2019s guarantee of the World's Finest Molasses.[Citra Paney MOLASSES \u201cBEMA BRAND\" Good Grocers Sell it\u2014in Bulk Only. TV THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE \u2018Binder Takin Blue Monday | out of the week Blue Monday and washday.Pump- y fl \"vdi J hie! {- ing and carrying.Lifting and pouring.Wet floors from splashed water; « and before the clothes are on the « crop conditions .ROM knife to knotter the new No.5 Frost & Wood Binder is right.There is line, an aching back.[Ee The Dependable weight where it is needed \u2014strength\u2014dur- ability.It has a wide drive wheel supplied with grease cups; rolier bearings; ball bearings; trim-fitting parts; thorough lubrication \u2014all these make for light draft\u2014admittedly a great factor.The Frost & Wood Binder is a perfectly- balanced machine.It has a strcng frame rigidly braced.Ite reslis positive in action and has a wide range of adjustment for handling crops in any condition\u2014all levers are handy! The platform frame is firmly braced.The packers make a perfect sheaf and the unfailing Frost & Wood knotter does the rest.Frost & Wood Knotter saves delays and ties a perfect sheaf The heart of any binder is the knotter.When the knotter fails cutting stops .valuable time is wasted .Wages goon.money is lost.The Frost & Wood Knotter saves you money because of its performance under all crop conditions.Itisso simplein construction that when parts do wear, as they will after long service, they are replaced easily, quickly, cheaply.With running water on tap above handy laundry tubs in basement or kitchen, half this labor\u2014the heavy half\u2014is ended.Steaming hot water flows into the tubs at the turn of a faucet; the clothing is run through the wringer into rinse ot blue water Tree without lifting; the worst bugbear Write for Literature Frost & Wood Quebec Limited.Montreal, P.Q.Quebec, I.Q.of all in a farm wife's week loses Write the nearest Branch ur seu your local l'rost & Wood Agent for attractive pamphlet which diseribes The Frost & Wood new No.& Binder in detail.its terrors.ff CEO gy ee Crane Shallow Well And the benefits of running water System No.215-A 200 gallons an hour capacity.42 gallon tank.1/6 horse power.Shallow well systems are supplied in many sizes and capacities, up to 6ooo gallons an hour.only start on washday.In the kitchen, it eliminates thousands of steps.In the bath, it gives comfort and health.In barns and lots, it means easier work, time saved, more produce from cattle, hogs, chickens, sheep.tH WH x mr TES I = : i.ee mmm y & 7 All agricultural authorities agree that Grr Bw om I TREE rt » Pin running water on the farm pays .HEART D V4 PIERRE REPAS A i, for itself; that every farmer should eR : Sere SNE plan at once a complete plumbing & Es RH : | Jo\u201d Te ESA system, and if he cannot install it Sint SERRA Co : .Tn fr Tk; eee all at once, have it installed in units.RETNA Yu .RS PS NE 2, Ask your plumbing contractor to Crane Deep Well System No.850 1 Pumping from depths down to 250 feet.Made in many sizes and capacities to meet all needs.Will Turn Stock and Keep Chicks in (CHEAP, temporary poultry fencing, that has to be replaced every year or two, is expensive, and an eyesore most of the time.explain how to lay out such a step- by-step installation.Or write to Crane Limited.CRANE CRANE LIMITED, GENERAL OFFICES: 1170 BEAVER HALL SQUARE, MONTREAL CRANE-BENNETT, LTD., HEAD OFFICE: 45-51 LEMAN STREET, LONDON, ENG.Peerless Poultry Fence lasts for years, is heavy enough to turn stock, yet with mesh to keep in small chicks._.Itis a splendid fence for gardens, lawns and orchards \u2014 will turn jack rabbits-\u2014 a great protection to young orchards.Heavily galvanized to resist rust, wear and weather, and made in a wide range of styles, sizes and weights.Extra value can be added to every farm with good fencing.Write to-day for free catalogue on Peerless Gates, Poultry Fence, Farm Fence, Ornamental Fence and Angle Fence.THE PEERLESS WIRE FENCE CO., LTD.33 Branches and Sales Offices in 27 Cities in Canada and British Isles Hamilton Ontario Works: Montreal and St.Johns, Quebec, Canada, and Ipswich, England POULTRY FENCE ISSUED \u2019 MONTHLY BY THE \u201c DEPARTMENT OF Hodgins, Editor, Macdonald College P.O., P.Q.De JOURNAL \u201c AGRICULTURE | PUBLISHING CO.OF THE nd Limited, PROVINCE OF O 33 St.James St, W.QUEBEC.; 4 Montreal.All matters relating to RE the reading columns must FRENCH .63,4 be- addressed to S.R.N ENGLISH .8232 AND HORTICULTURE FOR RATES OF ADVERTISEMENTS ADDRESS TO THE CANADA Circulation - 7 1,646 : Volume 32 JULY 1st 1928 Number 1 EDITORIAL COMMENT THE FUNDAMENTAL FACTOR It has recently been our privilege to motor over several hundred miles of our provincial highways, and on this journey we have been struck as never before with the fundamental importance of the soil in determining agricultural prosperity.Passing rapidly through one county after another in this way, one has a splendid opportunity of making comparisons, not so much of one farm with another as of one district with another.Here we pass through a section where prosperity is in evidence: fields are thick with growing crops, live stock are plentiful and well kept, barns and houses -are comfortable looking, well painted, with surroundings that give evidence of love of home.Then we come to another section where, judged by all external appearances, life is not so pleasant or so easy.And, taking it by and large, the difference in these districts is to be seen in the difference in the soil.\u2018How uplifting it is, after one has travelled for some time through a section of country where the soil is rough and rocky, or light, or cold and wet, and where the trees are scrubby, or of varieties that bespeak poor farming land, to come out into a land of elm trees and rich meadows! Such an experience impresses one as nothing else can do with the importance, to the intending farmer, of careful choice of location\u2014both from the standpoint of soil and of markets.With the right kind of effort a good man might perhaps make a fair success of farming on even the poorest of our farm lands, but how much of that effort (effort which might be employed in making a much greater success in more kindly surroundings !) must be used up in fighting battles that had better not be fought.And for our young men who are thinking of going into farming for a living we can give no better advice than to look well about them before making final choice of location.À fertile soil is fundamental to the greatest success in farming.HOW ABOUT A HOLIDAY ?At this season of the year, those motoring over any of the main highways of Quebec must be struck (figuratively speaking, if not literally) by the great number of tourists\u2019 cars that have invaded the Province.From all the provinces of Canada and from all the states of the Union visitors come to us during these summer months, to take pleasure in the heauties of Old Quebec \u2014 to visit our historic spots, to fish in our lakes and streams, to rest and recreate their flagging spirits in sight of our beautiful hills and inountains and peaceful rural scenes.How much enjoyment do we take in these keauties that are at our doors ?Of course it is not so easy for farming folk to run off for an extended holiday during the busy summer season.This is our busy day ! But it is not always necessary to have an extended holiday for enjoyment.There is nothing more pleasant than a single day\u2019s picnic snatched from the busy season\u2014and in most parts of Quebec it is not necessary to spend much of the day in finding a suitable spot for a picnic.Looking back on our own farm experience, we can count amongst our most pleasant days those odd ones that we took between seasons or between tasks as brief holidays\u2014the day\u2019s fishing after the seeding had been completed and before haying was upon us, the day\u2019s berry-picking after the hay had been harvested, \u2014 for it is not always necessary to spend a holiday in doing nothing, or in seeking pleasure; enjoyment.is had in the change, as much as in the specific thing done.Let us then not overlook the opportunities for occasional Lolidays this summer.A day spent in genuine recreation is not a day lost.Added enthusiasm will help us to more than make up in our work.QUEBEC HONORS AGRICULTURISTS Laval University, of Quebec, performed a particularly grace- fal act on the occasion of the recent visit of the members of the Canadian Society of Technical Agriculturists to the provincial capital, when, at a special convocation, she conferred upon three former presidents of the Society, Dean H.Barton, of Macdonald College, Faculty of Agriculture of McGill University, Dean E.A.Howes, of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alberta, and Mr.L.Ph.Roy, Chief of the Field Husbandry Service of Quebec, the honorary degree of Doctor of Science in Agriculture in recognition of their services to Canadian agriculture.It is particularly fitting that these honors to Canada\u2019s oldest and most important industry should come from Laval.Founded ir 1663, Laval is by a great margin Canada\u2019s oldest seat of higher learning, and, while she is especially noted for her classical traditions, she has always been profoundly interested in the welfare of Canadian agriculture.Within five years of his founding of the Grand Seminary of Quebec, the institution which since 1854 has borne his name, Bishop Laval founded Canada\u2019s first school of agriculture, at St.Joachim, so from the earliest days agricultural and classical education in Quebec have had a bond of sympathy ia their common founder; and for the past seventy years Laval University has, through her affiliated College of Agriculture at Ste.Anne de la Pocatiere, played no small part in the training of more advanced workers in agriculture.But perhaps the most striking feature of this distribution -cf honors is the example offered by this French Catholic University in conferring upon two men of another race and creed her highest honors.It is but one striking illustration of the friendship and goodwill existing between the two races in Quebec of which the Hon.J.E.Caron spoke in his welcome to those members of the Society who came from other provinces of Canada.\u201cHere in Quebec,\u201d said the Provincial Minister of Agriculture, \u201cyou will see people of two races and two creeds living together in friendship and harmony, mutually appreciative of one another\u2019s religious convictions and racial traditions, and all working together for the good of the Province and of Canada\u201d.Nor was Laval alone in doing honor to Canada\u2019s agricultural scientists during the convention.The Quebec Governement, at the splendid banquet which they tenderd these visiting agriculturists, \u2018decorated four of their number with ribbons of the Order of Agricultural Merit, Hon.W.R.Motherwell, Federal Minister of Agriculture, being made Commander of the Order, and Dr.J.W.tobertson, first President of Macdonald College, Dr.L.S.Klinck, President of the University of British Columbia, and Dr.A.T.Charron, Assistant Deputy Minister of Agriculture for Canada, being made officers. 2 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE He JOURNAL AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE ISSUED MONTHLY BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC For rates of Advertisements, address THE CANADA PUBLISHING CO., Limited, 33, St.James St, West - - Montreal NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS Subscribers and members of agricultural societies, of farmers\u2019 clubs and of the Provincial Dairymen\u2019s Association, who do not regularly receive either the English or the French Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture are requested to address their complaints to the Secretaries of their respective Societies, who will transmit them to the Secretary of the Council of Agriculture at Quebec.+ 4000000000 0-9-0000 In thus honoring these leaders in agricultural work, Quebec Province, home of Louis Hebert, Canada\u2019s first farmer, and of many thousands of people whose farm homesteads have become almost sacred to them through generations and even centuries of family traditions, does honor to Canadian agriculture generally, \u2014 and stil! more particularly to those educationalists and research workers who are giving of their best talents that agriculture may keep its place amongst the most important industries of this country.Taxation By Dr.H.D.Brunt.Il EFORE we enter upon the more detailed dis- B cussion of taxation problems and principles, it is an interesting question: what is done with the money raised by taxation ?Professor Fetter answers this question for the Federal government at Washington \u2014 the answer is striking ! I.Payment for Recent and Previous Wars : $3,855,482,588 or 67.8% II.Maintaining Army and Navy $1,424,138,677 or 25 % III.Primary Governmental Functions 3.2% Public Works 3% Research, etc.1% These are the figures for 1920.Present day figures would be even more startling\u2014$67.80 out of every $100 received by the United States government as revenue goes to pay for former wars; and $25 more to prepare for another war; leaving only $7.20 out of every $100 for the \u201creal\u201d purposes of government.Yet we call ourselves reasonable beings ! One per cent for scientific research, education (so far as Federal government has anything to do with education), agriculture, art, elimination of disease and intellectual error.What are the kinds of taxes : 1, Poll tax\u2014a uniform amount payable by every taxable person.In Canada it is usually levied by the school section and is used for school purposes.It varies from one to ten dollars per head (poll is an old word for head).2.Income tax, levied upon the income as it comes into the possession of the owner.3.Property tax.4.Expenditure or Consumption tax, levied upon what a person spends\u2014ultimately this is the same as an income tax as all income is spent in some way.Personally, I think it a most equitable tax, most fair in all respects, while admitting the difficulties of its administration.An excise tax on, say, cigarettes; all import taxes ;a sales tax; these are all, in some respects, expenditure taxes, as are amusement taxes, stamps on cheques, etc, 5.Industry and business taxes: business taxes, corporation taxes, licences, investment taxes, It will be interesting for the reader to ask himself : 1.Which of these taxes are \u201cShiftable\u201d and which are really paid by the person upon whom they are levied ?2.Which seems the most just, fair, equitable tax ?Why ?3.What are the difficulties in the way of administration of each type of tax?4.Which tends to yield the largest net results ?5.Which are best for Dominion, for provincial, for municipal, for local taxation ?_ In crate feeding not only is the weight being increased, but the quality, as well, so that a higher price per pound may be secured.Spontaneous Combustion T the present writing it looks to me as if Canada is going to have an abundant crop of bay for this year, and unless we have fine weather to save it a good part may be stored in an uncured condition, and we may have many fires on that account.My motto is \u201cPrevention is much better than cure.\u201d If it should happen that many farmers had to store hay, especially if it is green or damp, use salt.A layer of hay and a few handfuls of coarse salt, then there will be no danger of combustion.I learned this from my father, who had seen it tried in Scotland, on the farm where he was born.I would say that you must not put on too much salt, for if you do it will cause the cows to scour.Of course all animals require salt, more or less, and if they get it in the hay they will not require to get any in their mangers, when fed on salted hay.Some may think it is not quite sufficient, but if they will try it once they will be pleased with the results.We ought to be thankful in this Canada of ours that we have always had enough of eatables, and some to spare, and this year seems to show up about as well as any for some time past.Long may it last, PETER MacFARLANE.LIST OF AGRICULTURAL FAIRS FOR 1928 TO BE HELD UNDER THE AUSPICES of the AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES SOCIETY.PLACE.DATE.SECRETARY, ADDRESS, ARGENTEUIL .Lachute .June 20-21-2223 .J.W.Gall.Lachute, Box 12.ARTHABASKA .Victoriaville August 15-16 .C.R.Garneau, N.P.Arthabaska.BAGOT .00000000e0v0s St.Liboire .July 4-5 0000000 J.A.Lamonde.St.Liboire.BEAUCE, Div.A.Beauceville September 25 .Jos.Roy.Beauceville-West.BEAUCE, Div.B.St.Ephrem September 20 .++ J.A.Faucher.St.Ephrem de Tring.BEAUHARNOIS .St.Louis de Gonzague .September 6 .W.Martin, N.P.St.Louis de Gonzague.BELLECHASSE, Div.A.St.Michael .September 6 .Caius Lacroix.Boyer.BERTHIER .+.+00000000 Berthierville .July 3-4-5 .ns J.E.Lessard, N.P.Berthierville.BONAVENTURE.Div.A.Port Daniel .September 18 .Shigawake Lave n cos ou000 September 19 .; New Carlisle .September 20 .Geo.M.Kempffer.New Carlisle.BONAVENTURE, Div.B.New Richmond W.September 20 .W.H.willett.New Richmond-West.BROME .0.00000000 Brome .000000e September 3-4-6 .Edward Caldwell.Brome.CHAMBLY .+000 00000 St.Bruno 0.September 19 .Alb.Bernard.St.Basile le Grand.CHAMPLAIN .ce00es St.Stanislas .September 4 .J.T.Jacob.veo.St.Stanislas, CHATEAUGUAY .ccvn0.Ste.Martine .++ September 11 .Ls.Patenaude.Ste.Martine.CHICOUTIMI .s Chicoutimi .Sept.12-13-14-15- 16.J.A.Gobeil.++ «+ Chicoutimi, COMPTON, No.1.c.Cookshire .cccvvenee August 14-15-16 .T.O.Farnsworth.Cookshire.COMPTON, No.2.Scotstown .c0ne September 12-13-14 .Geo.F.Cowan.Scotstown.TWO MOUNTAINS .Ste.Scholastique .September 17-18-19-20J.W.Sauvé.St.Placide.DORCHESTER .+.Ev.Felteau.+ St.Anselme.DRUMMOND .c.0ve L\u2019Avenir .September 11 .J.C.St.Amant.« L\u2019Avenir.FRONTENAC .co00000 Ed.Bureau.+ Lambton, GASPE, Div.A.No.1.Cape Cove .hares Sydney L.Cass.Cape Cove.GASPE, Div.À.No.2.Barachois .e\u2026.October Roland Tapp.Barachois.GASPE, Div.C.+000000 Cap Chat .J Roy.Cap Chat.HOCHELAGA .+.000u000 St.Léonard .+ J.A.O'Gleman .90 St-James, Montreal.HULL, Div.A.0000000000 Aylmer sara ares a seu 000 September 13-14-15 .R.K.Edey.Alymer, Box 114.HULL, Div.B.+.0000000 Maniwaki .September 11-12-13 .Palma Joanis.Maniw.HUNTINGDON, Div.A.Huntingdon .September 5-6-7 .W.P.Fisher.Huntingdon, HUNTINGDON, Div.B.Havelock .+00000000 September 4 .John Smaill.Hermingford.IBERVILLE .00.St.Alexander .September 3-4 .J.B.Bessette.St.Alexander.JACQUES CARTIER .Dorval .ccveeen September .Joseph Boileau.Lachine.JOLIETTE, Div.A.Joliette .c000 September 15 .Alex, Rivest.Joliette.JOLIETTE, Div.B.St.Jean de Matha .J.0.Leveillé.St.Jean de Matha.KAMOURASKA .St.Pascal .+++ September 17-18-19 .P.W.Levesque.St.Pascal.LABELLE, Div.B.Mont Laurier .September 12 .A.U.Martineau.Mont Laurier.LAC ST-JEAN, Div.A.Hébertville .September 6-7-8-9 .J.E.Simard.Hébertville Station.LAC ST-JEAN, Div.B.Roberval .c00 August 29 to Sept.2.J.Ed.Boily.Roberval.LAPRAIRIE .c.Laprairie .c.e000 September 18 .Raoul Lussler.St.Philippe.L\u2019ASSOMPTION .L\u2019Assomption .August 15 .P.J.Marsan.L\u2019Assomption.LAVAL .c.ivvevironnes Ste.Rose .\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.September.1 .P.A.Longpré.Ste.Rose.LOTBINIERE, No.1.Ste.Agathe creseserenes August 28 .wees Lo A.Dumont.ce.Ste.Agathe.LOTBINIERE, No.2.Lotbiniére .August 30 .Jos.Bédard.u.Ste.Croix.MASKINONGE .Louiseville .September 5-6 .J.L.Desaulniers.Louiseville.MATANE .\u2026.\u2026.00000enous Mont Joli .\u2026.\u2026.August 21-22 .L.A.Chénard.Baie des Sables.MEGANTIC, Div.A.Inverness .September 12 .H.A.Welch.Inverness.MEGANTIC, Div.B.Plessisville .August 13-14 .Théod.Fortier.Plessisville.MISSISQUOI .\u2026.Bedford .August 20-21-22 .C.O.Jones.Bedford.MONTCALM .Ste.Julienne September 25 .J.F.Daniel, M.P.P.St.Esprit.MONTMAGNY .coc0nee Montmagny - August 27-28-29-30 .Alex, Proulx\u2019 .Montmagny.MONTMORENCY, Div.A.Rivière aux Chiens .September 27 .J.Ad.Cloutier.Riviére aux Chiens.MONTMORENCY, Div.B.Ste.Famille .September 25 .Alb.Faucher.Ste.Famille, I.O.NAPIERVILLE .St.Edouard .September 12 .Arth, Collette.+» St.Rémi.NICOLET, Div.St.Léonard .August 15 .Henri Leblanc.Grand St.Esprit.NICOLET, Div.B.Gentilly ceiairesieanares August 16 .Lucien Dubois.Gentilly.PAPINEAU .co0neven Papineauville .September 7-8-9-10 .J.N.Valliéres.St.André Avellin.PONTIAC, Div.A.Shawville .0.September 27-28 .R.W.Hodgins .Shawville.PONTIAC, Div.B.Chapeau .cco0nnnne September 18-19-20 .P.McMahon.Chapeau.PONTIAC, Div.C.Quyon .+0000000000 September 6 .Manary & Smith.Quyon.PORTNEUF, Div.A.Pont Rouge .September 20 .L.G.Bussiéres.Pont Rouge.PORTNEUF, Div.B.St.Casimir .J.A.Foley.oveunens St.Thuribe PORTNEUF, Div.C.Montauban .Geo.Bertrand.Montauban, QUEBEC 000000000000 Quebec 2.000000.September 26 .J.B.Martel, N.P.47 Notre Dame des 403 An .RICHELIEU .Ste.Victoire .September 18-19 .Jos.Vilandré.Ste.Victoires Quebec RICHMOND .Richmond .August 21-22-28 .W.R.Stevens.Richmond.RIMOUSKI .\u2026.000000006 Rimouski .September 11-12-13-14 Alf.Dubé.Beauséjour.ROUVILLE .Rougemont .August 28 .Anthime Arés.Rougemont.SHEFFORD .c.Waterloo .September 11-12-13.N.O.Rockwell.Waterloo.SOULANGES .Pont Chiteau .September 3 .Geo.R.Vernier.Coteau Landing.STANSTEAD .Ayer\u2019s Cliff .August 23-24-25 .Homer G.Curtiss.Stanstead.ST.HYACINTHE .St.Hyacinthe .August 1-2 .+.Henri Morin.St.Hyacinthe.ST.MAURICE .recceccnes St.Barnabé .September 20 .Raoul Bellemare.St.Barnabé-North.TEMISCOUATA, Div.A.Isle Verte .September 18-19 .Jos.Michaud.Isle Verte.TEMISCOUATA, Div.B.Notre Dame du Lac .September 11-12 .L.J.Dubé.Notre Dame du Lae.THREE RIVERS .ree Rivers September 12 .Méd.Pothier.ceases Three Rivers.VAUDREUIL ceeerrearaens St.Lazare .September 13 .Jos.Denis.Vaudreu VERCHERES .Ste.Théodosie September 12 .Louis Dalpé.Verchéres.WOLFE, No.1.Marbleton .September 19 .L.8.Westman.Marbleton.WOLFE, No.2.0000000 Ham Nord .September 13 .J.A.Comtois.Ham North.YAMASKA .St.Frangois du Lac .August 29-30 .Alc.Lacharité.St.Francois du Lae.DISTRICT EXPOSITIONS VALLEYFIELD, August 13 to 18.THREE RIVERS, August 18 to 24.SHERBROOKE, August 25 to Sept.1st.QUEBEC, September 1 to 8.LE ee Le > rence oS 20 a a isa aS ht EE \"102800 rem THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE : 3 Demand for Registered Seed Increasing Canadian Seed Growers\u2019 Association Hold Annual Convention in Quebec.ITH the election of officers for the coming year, the most successful annual meeting yet held by the Canadian Seed Growers\u2019 Association came to a close at the Chateau Frontenac on June 16th.The report of the directors showed an increasing demand by farmers for registered seed, the highest grade of pure seed that can be secured and which is produced by members of the association.The amounts of seed of the principal crops of the registered class that sold during the year past, according to figures secured from the Dominion Seed Branch, were as follows: Wheat, 77,919 bushels; oats, 56,815; barley, 16,637; alfalfa, 10,748 lbs.Considerable amounts of Registered seed of such other crop as flax, peas, sweet clover, and turnips were also purchased by Canadian farmers.As an indication of the growth during the past year of the appreciation of the Canadian farmer for registered seed, it was explained by directors that the supply available for distribution through the trade was entirely inadequate to meet the demand.Many members of the association found that their usual custom of turning into ordinary commercial channels the larger part of their seed crop which could have been bagged and sealed as registered quality, resulted in a considerable personal loss, as the demand for the registered could have absorbed much larger amounts than was available.It was made very evident, during the course of the meetings, that the association will play an increasingly useful part in the improvement of Canadian field crops, as representatives of several agencies engaged in crop movement stand ready to co-operate with the members and the officers of the association in the work of extending the more general use on Canadian farms of registered seed.The Dominion Department of Agriculture considers the work of the association so vitally important that its usual grant of $10,000 has this year been increased by another $3,000.Many of the foremost leaders in Canadian agriculture paid glowing tributes to the work of the association.Among these was Dr.Jas.W.Robertson, first president of the association, who during the course of the convention was made Officer of The Order of Merite Agricole of Quebec.Dr.Robertson\u2019s words were in part : \u201cEvery year\u2019s work brings the association nearer the accomplishment of its purpose of bringing about an improvement in the field crops of Canada by the general use of good seed.Compared with the general neglect of systematic selection of seed twenty-five years ago, when the association was first formed, hundreds of thousands of farmers now recognize that seed grain carries in itself a contained life of individual and particular quality and power.It takes a long time for this truth to prevail, but the association is doing worthy work in extending this understanding.\u201d Major H.G.L.Strange, of Fenn, Alberta, internationally known seed grower, was signally honored by the association when he opened the first session of the annual meeting.Major Strange was presented with a gavel bearing the inscription \u201cas \u201cProfessor R.Summerby, of Macdonald College, who presented an important paper at the recent annual meeting of the Canadian Seed Growers\u2019 Association in Quebec City.Professor Summerby has done much to.promote the production and use of high-class seed in Canada.\u201d - the first farmer-president of the association.\u201d Herman Trelle, of Wembley, Alberta, to whom, with William Darnbrough, of Laura, Saskatchewan, went congratulations for upholding the record of association members at the last International Hay and Grain Show at Chicago, spoke glowingly of the work of Major Strange both as a grower and as president of the association.\u201cThe interests of the members of the association are safe in the hands of Major Strange,\u201d he said.\u201cThere is no one man in Canada who holds both the interests of the grower and the agriculture of Canada more at heart.\u201d ALARMING FIGURES Dr.Robert Magil, secretary of the Winnipeg \u2018Grain Exchange, and well known authority on the grain and seed trade, brought forward alarming figures as to the lowering of quality of Canadian grain.According to this speaker, the 1927 crop inspected at Winnipeg, yielded only one car of No.1 hard wheat out of 350,000 cars inspected.The quantity of wheat inspected at Winnipeg yielded only 1 per cent.No.1 northern, and only 6 to 7 per cent.of No.2 northern.This situation was the worst that has ever developed, according to Dr.Magil, who saw no hope for improvement through any source other than in the work of such improvement associations as the Canadian Seed Growers\u2019 Association, and in the improvement work that could be done by the grower, While Dr, Magil acknowledged that the season of 1927 was, in a considerable measure, responsible for the lowering of grades, he considered that the situation was hinged on the class of grain being planted.Major Strange, in the presidential address, emphasized the importance of better seed, and pointed out his opinion of the part played by the Seed Growers\u2019 Association in bettering the field crop products of Canada.\u201cThe service of the seed grower to the agriculture of Canada is priceless,\u201d he said.\u201cThere is a distinct relationship between the prosperity of the Canadian farmer and the enthusiasm maintained by the members of this association in their work, It is surely desirable for all agricultural organizations, and government bodies, to go to considerable lengths to maintain this enthusiasm with all the members of our association, at the very least by a sincere appreciation of the fact that our members are striving earnestly to perform a service to the agriculture of Canada, very often and in no small measure at their own considerable sacrifice of time and frequently of no little money.\u201d The president\u2019s address also brought out the point that a remarkable increase of interest is being shown by the farmers of Canada in the registered seed produced by members of the association.He outlined the large part being played by the educational committee in spreading \"the knowledge throughout the Dominion as to the vital importance of good foundation seed for field crops.He also touched on the vast amount of planning, study and care being expended by technical members of the association in constantly improving and safeguarding the quality of the seed crops grown by the members.As a farmer member, as well as president of the association, he pleaded for the best consideration of every step taken along these lines in order that the growers\u2019 interests may _not be harmed.\u201cThe fact must never be lost sight of, in the work of this association, that the only avenue through which the expensive and valuable Elite Stock Seed (the starting point from which all registered seed springs) can be multiplied, and so become available to the farmers of Canada, is through the grower member,\u201d he declared.\u201cI, therefore, earnestly suggest to all future officers of this association that the economic welfare of the grower must ever be their foremost care and consideration, for, without the enthusiastic and willing work of these grower members, no contribution by this association will be possible to the agriculture of Canada.\u201d GOVERNMENT GRANTS The president also cleared away some confusion as to the commercial work of the organization with relation to government grants.No opposition to the work of the seed trade was in any way intended.As far as the government grant was concerned, it was not touched in the work of the association along publicity or advertising lines.Funds for this purpose came from membership fees only.A vast amount of business was put through at the business meeting.Among committees bringing recommendations before the meeting were those dealing with the plant breeding section, horticultural section, forage crop section, cereal section.The plant breeding committee has under way a large undertaking that will, when completed, largely assist in the preservation of purity of variety and type through a system of classification and identification that will make easier the work of the field inspectors.; - One important point coming before the meeting was the question of altering the standards of crop inspéction, to conform with the change that has been made in the official grades by which the registered class is to be subdivided into registered No 1, 2 and 3.These standards of inspection will be ready for the inspection work on this year\u2019s crop.It is also planned to go ahead with the establishment of local named branches of the association.The directors believe that this will.facilitate the work of co-operation, between the grower members and the central office.Linked with this new scheme of organization will be a changed system of representation, whereby voting strength will be dependent upon district membership.The proposed World\u2019s Grain Fair and Conference at Regina, for which plans are now under way, was brought before the attention of the association, whose members can be expected to form a large part of the list of contestants for seed and grain growing honors.The conference will embrace a discussion of every side of the world\u2019s seed and grain industry, while the fair should bring together samples of the best grain produced in all the major agricultural countries of the world.The prizes as now outlined, will run through a long list of grades from $25 to $1,000.1 Perhaps never before has such an interesting setting been provided for the annual meeting of the association.The historic city of Quebec, where the first Canadian farm was carved out of the wilds, has been thronged during the whole week with seed growers, technical agricultural officials from Federal and Provincial departments of agriculture and the agricultural colleges of Canada, leading scientists of Canada, the United States, and Switzerland, members of the agricultural press, representatives of the Seed Trade Association.Joint meetings have been held between the Canadian Society of Technical Agriculturists and the Canadian Seed Growers\u2019 Association.There has probably never been seen in Canada a more useful conference of men engaged in the advancement of agriculture, nor a meeting to such a useful purpose of so many representatives from the varied lines of the seed and field crop industry.The \u201cround table conference\u201d nature of this year\u2019s meeting follows the lines of advancement dealt with by A.J.Ogaard, Executive Secretary of the Farm Seed Association of North America, who spoke interestingly of the progress being made under similar plans in the United States.He strongly advocated the consideration of better seed and better crop campaigns through a \u201cL.Ph.Roy, past president of the Canadian Society of Technical Agriculturists and director of the Canadian Seed Growers\u2019 Association, who has received the honorary degree of D.Sc.A.from Laval University.\u201d 4 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE sound understanding of the difficulties facing every line of the industry from farm-producer to the members of the seed trade.Only a broad comprehensive plan could succeed in making any permanent improvement in the seed situation, and the hearty co-operation of every class of worker was essential to success.Petty jealousy and a restricted outlook would be sure to wreck any scheme for improvement, _ The association recognized the valuable work rendered the organization for many years by E.K.Hampson, late of the staff of the Kemptville Agricultural School, and now engaged in commercial work, Mr.Hampson was presented with a handsome gift by the association.The officers elected for the coming year are : - Honorary president, Dr.J.W.Robertson, Ottawa.Honorary vice-presidents, Geo.H.Clark, Ottawa, and Dr.C.A.Zavitz, Ilderton, Ont.President, Major H.G.L, Strange; Vice-pre- sident, Prof.R.Summerby, Macdonald College, P.Q.Secretary-Treasurer, P.Stewart, Ottawa, Ont.Directors\u2014W.H.MacGregor, Central Lot 16, P.E.I.; John Trueman, Truro, N.S.; O.C.Hicks, Fredericton, N.B.; L.Ph.Roy, Quebec, Que.; John Buchanan, Guelph, Ont.; T.J.Harrison, Winnipeg; M.P.Tullis, Regina; W.J.Stephen, Edmonton; Cecil Tice, Victoria, B.C.; W.W.Baird, Nappan, N.S.; C F.Bailey, Fredericton, N.B.; R.Summerby, Macdonald College, Que.; H.W.Graham, Kempt- ville, Ont.; R.R.Moore, Norwich, Ont.; John H.Beavis, Crystal City, Man.; R.D.Kirkham, Sal- coats, Sask.; J.W.Townley-Smith, Lashburn, Sask.; Nels.Linden, Wetaskiwin, Alta.; Geo, A.Robinson, Royal Oak, B.C, Registered Bulls in Demand Dairy Cattle Committee Finds Eligibility being Stressed in Sales \u2014 Quebec oo Leads in Certificates Issued.HE sales value of Advanced Registration for a pure bred dairy bulls is being steadily recognized, not only by the larger breeders who, as a rule, have little difficulty in negotiating sales but more particularly by breeders with small herds, who have been quick to capitalize the security thus offered to buyers of bulls with A.R.standing.This satisfactory situation has developed largely as a result of the confidence spreading among breeders of dairy cattle in the type and quality of the dairy bulls admitted to registration under the A and AA policies inaugurated in 1925 and administered through the Dairy Cattle Committee.Further evidence as to the value of A.R.credentials as a \u2018sales factor is found in the fact that while the strong demand for bulls during the past twelve months made it easy for the larger breeders to make sales without waiting for inspection, the question of eligibility was quite often the point most ttressed in sales negotiations.Bulls out of cows having no records in their dams are becoming increasingly hard to sell: on the other hand, bulls with qualifying credentials have had no trouble in finding satisfactory sale.These significant facts were brought out at a meeting of the Dairy Cattle Committee, held at Ottawa last month, when among other matters, the policy was thoroughly reviewed from the standpoint of its effectiveness in promoting the dairy industry of Canada through giving definite recognition to bulls possessing breed type and production record credentials, recognized as essential to the developing of a higher average of milk production in the dairy herds of Canada.A statement as to the number of bulls inspected and granted certificates of Advanced Registration since the inception of the policy, shows that the Province of Quebec has been particularly active in taking advantage of the guarantee thus provided, and this expression of confidence is strongly manifest in the fact that even in far outlying districts, many of the dairy herds are headed \u2018by an Advanced Registry bull and the whole tone of the dairying activities on the farm raised to a much higher point than formerly, While Quebec leads in registration, the other provinces have also shown a sound and growing interest, with the result that bulls of Advanced Registry and animals from Advanced Registry bulls are selling at preferred rates.It was pointed out by Mr.W.Hunter, Chief Inspector, that much of the interest developed in registration in the Province of Quebec was due to enthusiastic co-operation on the part of the Agronomes of the Provincial Department of Agriculture.Altogether, seven hundred and ninety certificates have been issued, of which number three hundred and seventy-five are credited to Quebec, one hundred and eighty-two to Ontario, one hundred and seventeen to the Maritimes, ninety-six to British Columbia and twenty to the Prairie Provinces.It was the unanimous opinion of the Committee that the minimum age of bulls at time of inspection for AA registration should be raised to twenty months.This change is now in effect and the breed associations have been advised of the modification.It was felt that both the breeder and the Advanced Registration project needed protection against the possibility of failure of bulls of calf age to measure at maturity up to the exacting requirements of class AA.It will be possible to have bulls inspected for AA qualifications at the younger age, obtain class A registration, and when twenty months old, again inspected for class AA without further charge.Advanced Registration for bulls and Record of Performance for Dairy Cattle are now so dovetailing that owners of herds with qualified bulls are generally anxious to put their cows under test, and thus the two policies combine together to exert a most beneficial influence on the whole field of dairy cattle improvement.It was pointed out that the impression is held by some breeders that unless a bull has AA qualifications, it is a slur on its breeding, with the resuit that in many cases applications are not being made for bulls whose credentials entitle them to A plan of registration.This situation has arisen as a result of the common practice of referring to class A bulls as commercial bulls: It was recommended that reference to these bulls under that nomenclature should be discontinued.The fact was emphasized that A class bulls head many of the best dairy herds in the country and that the credentials required for the higher classification are so exaciting that the number of bulls qualifying is quite limited.The Committee expressed its appreciation of the very able manner in which Mr.Hunter, the Chief Inspector, had carried out his duties since the inception of the registration system, and expressed the belief that the satisfactory progress made was largely due to the confidence shown by dairy farmers in Mr.Hunter's work of inspection.Problems affecting farmers in regard to the sale of milk were discussed during the atternoon session, It was pointed out that the activities of the Dominion Live Stock Branch in regard to dairy cattle, have been confined to production problems, and nothing has so far been done in regard to matters affecting the disposal of the raw product as such.It was shown that producers are, in the main, suffering from more or less aeep seated uiscourage- ment, resulting from helplessness in regard to the disposal of their milk surplus, as such, to the best advantage and that some action might well be taken to improve the existing situation.Dr.J.H.Grisdale, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, in speaking on the question at the special invitation of the Committee, voiced his appreciation of a need for some action that would conuriouwe w the more effective disposal of milk on the part of the producer and assured the Committee that the Department of Agriculture would give sympathetic consideration to any constructive suggestions put forward.It was the opinion of Dr, Grisdale that something might be done in the way of local associations to influence the price factor through giving the producers a better contro: 0.the raw product.Dr.J.A.Ruddick, Dairy and Coid Storage Commissioner, contributed some very useful information in regard to the present methods of handling the milk surplus and pointed out the experience the Government had had in operating the dairy factory at Finch some years ago.Wide diversity of sanitary standards in different areas combined with lack of uniform enforcement were cited as contributing to tlie producers\u2019 troubles in the sale of fluid milk.These are matters, how- cver, outside the purview of the Committee and it was suggested that such questions as the adoption of more satisfactory methods of contracting and diversion of surplus offer the most room or scope Beginning September 17.1928, a cut in price of $2.00 per hundred pounds will be made on all buck lambs of the previous spring\u2019s lamb crop marketed in Quehce and the Maritime Provinces.for direct action.The Committee came to the conclusion that before any definite action is taken, a preliminary investigation should be made and it was suggested in this regard, that the most effective plan might involve the employment of a competent person to make a survey of the situation, the result of which might form the basis for a working project.It was decided to appoint a sub-Committee consisting of the Chairman, the Secretary, and Messrs.Barton, Robinson and Morin to outline a programme of action and report back to the Committee by the third week of July.The personnel of the Dairy Cattle Committee is as follows: H.S.Arkell, Chairman; G.E.Day; H.Barton; C.T.Houck; A.Morin; R.R.Ness; F.E.M.Robinson; R.S.Hamer; Secretary; W.F.Stephen, Secretary National Dairy Council, ex officio, \u201cFarm Boys\u2019 Week\u201d Promises Success More than 350 applications received by Macdonald College, from 21 counties.ITH a hundred more applicants than can possibly be accomodated, the committee in charge of \u201cFarm Boys\u2019 Week\u201d at Macdonald College, which begins July 2nd, are hastily readjusting their plans for entertainment, and are looking forward to one of the most successful events of its kind ever held at Macdonald.\u201cFarm Boys\u2019 Week\u201d is something in the nature of an innovation.Staged at a time when it will be nossible for farmers\u2019 sons to get away for a bit of a holiday, it aims at getting the farm boys of Quebec acquainted with what goes on at an agricultural college, and at the same time giving these boys a real outing.When steps were first taken to float the idea, a month ago, it was not known how such a scheme would take on; and tentative plans were made for entertaining 100 boys.The limit was subsequently changed to 150, and finally to 250\u2014the greatest number that could possibly be handled to advantage \u2014and even at this latter figure more than 100 applications have been regretfully refused.Twenty-one counties of Quebec will be represented at Macdonald College during the week\u2014boys from Pontiac at the extreme west will meet boys from Bonaventure at the extreme east.They will come by train, by boat and by motor\u2014more than half choosing to make up parties to motor in.And at least one country\u2019s (Compton\u2019s) delegaion of boys will be accompanied by a number of their fathers, who have agreed to find their own accommodation in Ste.Anne de Bellevue that they may have the opportunity of visiting Macdonald with their sons.A glance at the programme shows that the holiday feature has not been side-tracked by other considerations, Monday, July 2nd, will be registration day.On Tuesday morning the visitor will be addressed by Dean Barton and will then be taken, in parties of 50 for a visit to the buildings.The afternoon will be devoted to sports, under able direction, while the evening will bring movies, community singing and other items of a social nature.Wednesday morning will bring visits to some of the departments of the College, while the afternoon will be taken up with a motor trip to the Raymondale Farm at Vaudreuil ani to the farm of T.B.Macaulay at Hudson Heights.Thursday begins with visits to college departments; the afternoon will be given up to sports, while a banquet in the evening will fill out a busy day.Show places in Senneville and the vicinity will be visited on Friday morning, and a Field Day will be held in the afternoon.Saturday, the boys will depart for their homes.In this holiday.the only expense to the boys will be their transportation to and from the college, they being the guests of the college during their week's visit.The boys attending will range in age from 15 to 20 years, and practically every English-speaking section of the province will be represented, Not only will this \u201cFarm Boys\u2019 Week\u201d give these youths from the farms of \u2018Quebec a chance to see how things are done at Macdonald College and at some of the largest farms in Canada, but it will also give them a real holiday, and bring together boys from different sections in a way that must be beneficial o all, A little, old, battered flivver chugged painfully up to the gate of a race-track.The gatekeeper demanded the usual fee for parking space, calling out: \u201cA dollar for the car.\u201d : \u2018Sold!\u201d said the owner, with a sigh of relief.ue etats AE = LOX ETA it SEE THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 6 Eastern Canada Society of Animal Production HE first Annual General Meeting of tthe Eastern Canada Society of Animal Production was held on Thursday, June 14th, 1928, in the Chateau Frontenac, Quebec.The meeting was well attended throughout, varying from 50 to 100.The Acting President, Dean Barton, presided.Before calling for the first report, he referred to the loss which the Society had experienced in the death of Professor Wade Toole of the Ontario Agricultural College, who had in the first instance conceived the idea of this organization and had really brought \u2018the organization into being.That he had been called so early was a distinct loss to the Society, but he felt that we should acknowledge our debt of gratitude to the late Professor Toole for organizing the initial activities of a Society designed to promote the interests of animal husbandry work in Eastern Canada.The following reports and papers were then presented in accordance with the program previous to the adjournment for lunch : Report of Horse Production Committee.Chairman\u2014C.M.MacRae, Ottawa.\u201cRoaring from the standpoint of the breeder.\u201d Dr.W.J.Fowler, Guelph, Ont.Report of Beef Cattle Production Committee and \u201cOur domestic outlet in relation to beef production.\u201d R.S.Hamer, Ottawa.Report of Dairy Cattle Production Committee.Chairman\u2014E.S.Archibald, Ottawa, \u201cThe trend of milk production in Canada as revealed by the R.O.P.\u201d Professor J.C.Steckley, Guelph, Ont, Report of Sheep Production Committee.Chairman\u2014A.A, MacMillan, Ottawa, ~ The meeting re-convened at 2 p.m.when Mr.J.K.King, Moncton, N.B., presented a paper entitled \u201cFactors in developing markets for Canadian lambs.\u201d Following this the meeting received the report of the Swine Production Committee presented by Chairman G.'B.Rothwell and a paper entitled \u201cAnadvanced registry policy for swine\u201d by L.C.McOuat.All the papers and reports presented during the day had previously been translated and copies were Teff Grass for Supplementing a Deficient Hay Crops.An ANNUAL grass highly suitable for the rapid production of hay, to SUPPLEMENT a more or less deficient timothy or other hay crops, is TEFF, This grass, which constitutes the main hay grass in South Africa, will grow on dry soils and in two months will produce a satisfactory crop of hay of fine quality.Its fine stems and leaves promote this latter condition.It can be seeded on land that has warmed up well, from June 1st onward, and its rapid growth and drought-resisting qualities ensure the production of a crop which would not otherwise be possible.This fact has special significance this season in view of the prevalence of much winter-killing in meadows and the tendency of the weather to set in dry following a cold wet spring.The grass has been fully tested, with satisfactory results, at Macdonald College where, in addition to producing satisfactory yields of hay, it has produced abundance of seed.Should any farmer within the territory served by the College have at the time he sees this notice, a small field or area worked up for a crop, which area he is willing to seed with an annual supplementary hay crop such as Teff, the Agronomy Department of the College is willing to send him free of charge a small quantity of Teff Grass seed, or sufficient to seed his small area or field.The farmer, however, is expected to report later on to th College as to how the seed did with him.He should also try to keep a small portion of the crop for seed\u2014for seeding next year.The grass does best on moderately light soils, and the land should be cultivated into a fin state, for the seed is very small.On heavy soils the grass should be seeded lightly.Shallow seeding (merely covering the seed) should be practised.Four (4) lbs.per acre is ample for moderately rich and heavy soils, while 5 to 6 lbs.per acre seeds lighter soils satisfactorily.In seeding.mixing with dry sand in the proportion of 40 lbs.of sand to one (1) lb.of teff grass seed enables the seed to be broadcasted evenly.The seed, however, may be seeded with a drill, which should be regulated to ceed lightly on account of the very fine seed.available for the French members.These translations were very much appreciated and several favourable comments were expressed in regard to them.The business session was opened at 3.30.On a suggestion from the chair, the reading of the minutes of the 1926 organization meeting was dispensed with, Some little discussion then took place regarding affiliation with the C.S.T.A.versus group organization.It was pointed out that we were now affiliated with the C.S.T.A.and that we should probably continue in this way until such time as the Eastern and Western Societies of Animal Production could get together and decide t at a national group of animal husbandry workers within the C.S.T.A.would be of greater advantage than the two Animal Production Societies as now «rganized.In this connection some members expressed the opinion that we would be better to maintain he two organizations.The Chairman then called on the Resolutions Committee for their report.The following resolutions were then presented by the Chairman of the Resolutions Committee, Mr.G.B.Rothwell, and were carried unanimously by the meeting : 1.\u201cAt this, the first annual meeting of the Eastern Canada Society of Animal Production the members are forcibly reminded of the great loss suffered by the Society and the animal husbandry industry of Canada through the death of our first President, Professor Wade Toole, and they wish to record their sense of profound loss and to acknowledge the debt of gratitude the Society owes to the late Professor Toole in organizing the initial activities of the Society and in doing so much to bring about the success of the idea involved in the formation of the Society.\u201d 2.\u201cWhereas, there are a large number of prob- lms to deal with in animal production \u2018and, in view of the necessity of dealing with the questions as logically and as concisely as possible, in order to leave time at the meetings of the Society for review of the work and consideration of the recommendations of Committees, it is, therefore, recommended to the Executive that the Chairman of each Committee should submit to the Secretary the report of each Committee in writing at such time before each annual meeting, as directed by the Secretary, and that the reports be then sent to the members before the annual meeting at which such reports will be made.\u201d 3.\u201cThis meeting desires to record its appreciation of the work done by the Chairman and members of the Standing Committees and the excellence of the reports submitted indicating the scope of work in each field.\u201cSuch analysis of the general field of work is of particular value at the first annual meeting and should form a useful basis for future work of Committees, and it is believed that with the general foundation now laid we have arrived at the point where specific problems may be dealt with progressively from year to year.\u201cBe it, therefore, resolved that in future the reports of Committees should deal with the specific field covered by the Committee in the previous year and recommendations as to the particular problems to be dealt with in the ensuing year.\u201d 4.\u201cThat the Eastern Canada Society of Animal Production endorses the recommendation of the Beef Cattle Comni\u2018ttee in regard to the need of survey and investigational work to obtain definite information on beef production costs under varying farm conditions and systems of management and, therefore, recommends that a Sub-Committee of the Committee on Beef Cattle be appointed by them to give special and immediate attention to the obtaining of such required data in an organized way.\u201d 5.\u201cWhereas, there is such apparent need for rreater uniformity in methods of experimentation amongst institutions doing or about to do animal husbandry experimental work and \u201cWhereas, several Eastern institutions not doing experimental work, now have some facilities for and the desire to undertake the same and \u201cWhereas advancement can be made only after careful study by men trained in both animal husbandry and biometrics, \u201cBe it, therefore, resolved that there be created a Standing Committee on experimental method which in co-operation with all institutions will thoroughly investigate this most important problem and assist all Eastern institutions toward more uniform and advanced method of experimentation.\u201d 6.\u201cThe recommendation has been made by the Nominating Committee to this Resolutions Committee that there be added to the Standing Committee already operating in this Society the following Standing Committees : 1\u2014Committee on Animal Health, 2\u2014Committee on Poultry.3\u2014Committee on Fur Bearing Animals.\u201cThe Resolutions Committee suggests that in the addition of the Committee on Poultry and Fur Bearing Animals such action might necessitate a change in By-laws as the inclusion of these Committees would involve the question of membership and would seem to constitute a matter for recommendation by the Executive Board.At this juncture the following Resolution is submitted : \u201cResolved that to the Standing Committees already existing in this Society there be added a Standing Committee on Animal Health.\u201d Mr.Chagnon then asked permission to bring in a resolution on behalf of the French speaking members.This resolution was as follows : \u201cThat in the name of the French speaking members of the Association we hereby wish to extend our thanks and appreciation to the Secretary, Chairmen of Standing Committees and Speakers, for their kind consideration in having had the various reports translated in full into French.\u201d Following the adoption of the resolutions the Chair called upon the Nominating Committee for their report in connection with the appointments to the various Standing Committees, In the absence of the Chairman of the Nominating Committee, Mr.S.Archibald, the Secretary read the report.The EAN nominations for the various Committees were made : Horse Production Committee C.M.MacRae, Chairman, C, F.Bailey, J.A.Gautreau, R.W.Wade.Beef Production Committee R.S.Hamer, Chairman, W.W.Baird, E.W, Crampton, J.C.Steckley.(Continued on page 14) Black Stem Rust of Wheat Sources of Infection Described by Dr.E.C.Stakman, University of Minnesota.HERE are two main sources for the origin of rust infections of wheat, according to Dr.E.C.Stakman, University of Minnesota, who addressed a recent convention of the Canadian Seed Growers\u2019 Association at Quebec.The first is from summer spores of rust which may be blown from Texas or other southern points where summer forms of rust are able to live all the year round; the second is from spores that have overwintered in the north on bushes of the common barberry.Both of these sources contribute to outbreaks of the disease in the northern United States and in Canada.Dr.Stakman showed a large number of slides prepared at various altitudes and at various distances from the nearest source of infection (an aeroplane being used in this work, to prove the possibility of infectious spores being carried hundreds or even thousands of miles, and illustrated the spread northward of the disease in certain years when infection from the barberry is negligible.Common barberry, however, is a more dangerous, and a more controllable factor.This shrub and small grain growing, said the speaker, are absolutely incompatible, and it would be worse than criminal to plant shrubs of this kind in Western Canada.Common barberry, the link between one year\u2019s rust infestation and another in northern countries, is not native to the northwestern states \u2014 yet more than sixteen million bushes have been taken out of these states during the past few years as a result of a campaign for their eradication, The black stem rust of wheat will eventually be controlled, said the speaker, and in its control there are three agencies equally important : 1.the eradication of the common barberry, to prevent the spores from overwintering; 2.chemical dusts\u2014a real possibility, although it is not yet known whether it may be practicable on a large scale; 3.breeding for rust resistance, a thing that is not so simple as might appear on the surface, since the spores of the disease appear to be able to mutate and adapt themselves to other conditions.a e\u2014 6 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Canada\u2019s Technical Agriculturists Meet in Quebec Honors Paid Leaders indicate Improved Status of Agriculture in Canada.F the Canadian Society of Technical Agriculturists in its eight year\u2019s history has accomplished one thing above all others it is that it has succeeded in giving to the profession of agriculture a new status amongst the professions of Canada.This was graphically shown at the banquet tendered the members and guests of the Society at the Chateau Frontenac by the Quebec Government on the occasion of the Convention held last month, when more than 650 men and women, including the Prime Minister of Quebec and members of his cabinet, the Federal Minister of Agriculture and members of parliament, the highest dignitaries of the Church, presidents and rectors of Canadian universities, the Mayor and Ex-Mayor of Quebec, and many leaders of political, educational and scientific organizations of Canada sat down together to the most splendid and representative banquet ever given at the historic Chateau.Nor are tangible tokens lacking of the new status, the new light in which workers in Canada\u2019s oldest profession are held.Laval University, Canada\u2019s oldest seat of higher learning, a university that is known above all others for her classical traditions, took advantage of the gathering of Canada\u2019s premier workers in agriculture in historic Quebec to confer upon three former presidents of the Society the degree of Doctor of Science in Agriculture in recognition of their services to Canadian agriculture.The men so honored were Dean H.Barton, of Macdonald College, Faculty of Agriculture of McGill University, Dean E.A.Howes, of the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Alberta, and Mr.L.Ph.Roy, Chief of the Field Husbandry Service of the Quebec Department of Agriculture.And the Quebec Government, at their banquet, decorated four others of Canada\u2019s scientists: Hon, W.R.Motherwell was made Commander of the Order of Agricultural Merit, the highest honor in the power of the Government to bestow, while Dr.L.S.Klinek, President of the University of B.C., Dr.J.W.Robertson, first Principal of Macdonald College and first President of the Canadian Seed Growers\u2019 Association, and Dr.A.T.Charron, Assistant Deputy Minister of Agriculture for Canada were all made Officers of the Order.The banquet was the culminating point of the greatest and most enthusiastic convention in the history of the Society.More than 450 members from all parts of Canada, many of them accompanied by their wives, gathered to discuss some of the problems of scientific agriculture in Canada, to share one another\u2019s views and to endeavor through co-operation to make their efforts even more telling in the field of agriculture.Throughout the four days of the convention a real get-together spirit was in evidence, but it was at the Government banquet that expression was given to this ideal.Presided over by Hon.J.E.Caron, Quebec Minister of Agriculture, and addressed by Hon.W.R.Motherwell, Federal Minister of Agriculture, Dr.E.S.Archibald, President of the C.S.T.A., Major Strange, President of the Canadian Seed Growers\u2019 Association, Dr.L.S.Klinck, Dean E.A.Howes, Hector LaFerte, Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, and Mgr.Camille Roy, ex-Rector of Laval University and President of the Royal Society of Canada, the keynote of the speeches was one of love of the soil and of satisfaction in the fact that the profession of agriculture in Canada was at last coming into its own, due in no small part to the work that has been done by the C.S.T.A.Noteworthy among the things said at the banquet were the statements of Hon.W.R.Motherwell, that the new status of agricultural scientific workers would soon, he hoped, be reflected in an equality of salaries with those now enjoyed by technical men in other branches of the Civil Service of Canada; of Dean Howes that Quebec's contribution to agriculture includes some of the culture, the traditions of home-building and a stability that is sometimes lacking in the newer agricultural settlements; and of Mgr.Roy that in honoring three of Canada\u2019s leaders in agriculture, Laval University seeks to do honor to agriculture as a whole, THE BUSINESS MEETINGS Convened at the Chateau Frontenac on Monday morning, June 11, the meeting at once proceeded with the hearing of reports of standing committees which have been working throughout the year.A recommendation was made by the Committee on Agricultural Policies, of which Dean Howes was chairman, that a conference be held of federal and provincial departments of agriculture to discuss the at Macdonald College, spoke on the Development of Agricultural Economics.Of co-operation the speaker believed the great benefit to be not the elimination of the middleman but the providing of a better service, the closer contact with consumer demand.Organization of the farm he thought more important than the organization of farmers\u2014the study of how land, labor, capital and management may be combined for profit.We have great opportunities in land settlement, since we are doing this at a time when much more information is available about how to do and how not to do this than other countries had.In his opinion, fewer farms producing more appears to be a saner method of expanding the industry than increasing the number of farms, and he asked whether if farming is not prosperous, it is logical to suport an immigration policy which stipulates that none but farmers need apply.Prof.H.M.Nagant, of the Department of Chemistry, Oka Agricultural College, gave an historical account of the Effect of Climate on the Formation and Classification of Soils, and Dv.J.D.Black, of Harvard University, speaking of the growth of Agricultural Economies in the That the C.S.T.A., which had its birth in a resolution passed at the 1919 Reunion of the Alumin Association of Macdonald College, does not lack in support by the graduates of other Canadian colleges of agriculture is shown by the great contingent of 0.A.C.graduates, shown above, who were present at the recent Quebec convention.It was most pleasant to hear in the historic City of Quebec the college yells of Toronto University and of the Ontario Agricultural College.limits of their respective fields, since the Com- mi.tee found much overlapping of effort.Provincial jurisdiction, in the opinion of the Committee, should apply in the administration of local problems, in research of local interest, and in agricultural teaching, both institutional and extension.The Committee on Marketing Education, Dean Clement chairman, reported the results of a questionnaire that had been submitted during the year to those interested in marketing agricultural products, and if the opinions gathered were extremely various it but showed the value of this attempt to get some unanimity of opinion on this great problem.An illustrated lecture was then given by Dr.Volkart, Director of the Experimental Station at Zurich, Switzerland, on the Development of Forage Crop Culture in Central Europe, in which he traced the growing tendency towards scientific compounding of mixtures of grasses for different sections and different puposes.The convention met in the afternoon at Laval University, where, after the conferring of the honorary degrees already referred to, three of the advanced lectures given under the auspices of the Federal Department of Agriculture were heard.Dr.J.E.Lattimer, professor of agricultural economies United States, showed that the farm survey that attempted to establish the price of any one product by arbitrarily assigning prices to things going into the production of it is now being dropped in favor of a type of survey that attempts to show how each individual farm may be made most prosperous.More trained men are needed and more co-operation between the economist and the workers in other departments at agricultural colleges, At the business banquet held that evening, the retiring President, Dr.L.Ph.Roy, pointed to the splendid condition of the Society, with over a thousand members, counting in its membership practically all of the important agricultural workers in \u2018Canada.The change in style of Scientific Agriculture, the Society's official organ, has been enthusiastically received by other scientific bodies throughout the world.The Secretary, F.H.Grind- ley, showed the Society to be in a prosperous condition, the necessary clerical assistance having been provided through the kindness of the Childean Nitrate Committee which had granted $600 towards this purpose.On Tuesday the members and guests to the number of 410 motored 80 miles to Ste.Anne de la Pocatiere, where they visited the Experimental One of the pleasant features of the recent C.S.T.A.Convention in Quebec was the fact that so large a number of the members in attendan i i 1 This photograph, taken on Dufferin Terrace, shows the splendid attendance of members on the opening day.from the first meeting to the last.$ & 3 i THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 7 The visit to the Dominion Experimental Farm at Cap Rouge will long remain in the memories of those members (and their wives) who attended the recent convention of the Canadian Society of Technical Agriculturists at Quebec.The above photograph will give some idea of the great gathering.Farm, the Agricultural College, and the Classical College.A splendid banquet was tendered them at the latter institution, where the principal speaker was Dr.Black of Harvard.Dr.Black drew a dark picture of agriculture in the United States, and showed why we hear so much from the Farm Bloc.Greater production per farm is the rule as compared with pre-war years, but more machinery and live stock, with their additional costs, have been necessary to achieve this.Increased mortage indebtedness, forced sales (% of the farms sold in 1926-7 were forced sales), decreasing land values and decreasing rural population tell the story.AWARDING OF SCHOLARSHIPS At Wednesday's business meeting it was announced that Prof.H.M.Nagant, Department of Chemistry at Oka, had been chosen for this year\u2019s fellowship in the Society.The following men, chosen from 36 applicants, were awarded scholarships for advanced work in agriculture, scholarships donated by the T.Eaton Co.: R.H.Bedford, of Alberta, to study Soil Bacteriology at McGill; G.R.Ferron, of Oka, to study Animal Husbandry either at MeGill or Toronto; F.E.Foulds, of Manitoba, to study Agronomy at Toronto; R.C.Russell, of Saskatchewan to study Plant Pathology at Toronto; F.J.Richardson, of Ontario, to study Poultry Nutrition at Toronto, It was announced that the work of making a survey of the facilities offered at Canadian universities for graduate work in the sciences related to agriculture, for which the Rockefeller Foundation has granted the Society $4000, would be untertaken by Dr.R.H.Newton, of the University of Alberta, in 1929.A graduate calender of such work will be prepared.Changes necessitated by the recent decision to incorporate the Society were made in the constitution and by-laws in anticipation of the Act of Incorporation, which is expected to be passed at Ottawa during the present month.Resolutions of thanks were passed to the Rockfeller Foundation for their grant, to the T.Eaton Co., for their five scholarships of $600 each, to the Chilean Nitrate Committee for their $600 grant, to the Quebec and Federal Departments of Agriculture for their financial assistance in the convention, to Laval University, the C.P.R.and other organizations which had helped make this convention one of the best of any kind ever held in Canada.And in a resolution from the floor of the house it was recommended to the Committee on Agricultural Policies that a sub-committee on agricultural extension policies be named to study specifically the problems of the extension workers in agriculture in Canada.After a closely contested battle between Society and civie representatives of Winnipeg and Fort William for the honor of entertaining the Society in 1929, Winnipeg was chosen as the 1929 convention city.A visit to the Experimental Farm at Cap Rouge occupied the afternoon, while the Government banquet was held at night.Thursday was devoted to advanced lectures in various phases of agriculture, the field crop group and the Canadian Seed Growers\u2019 Association meeting together, while the Horticultural Section and the Eastern Canada Society of Animal Production met elsewhere to discuss their particular problems.The papers of some of the speakers, especially those of Mr.R.J.Garber, of West Virginia University, on breeding for rust resistance, we hope to be able to secure for publication at greater length.A boat trip on the historic St.Lawrence river in the evening brought this, the most successful convention in the history of the Society to a close.Protect Your Potatoes Against Late Blight By T.C.Vanterpool, Department of Plant Pathology, Macdonald College.VERY potato grower is well acquainted with late blight and tuber rot, but few are thoroughly informed as to the nature of the cause, Both these troubles are caused by the same fungus parasite which overwinters in the potato tuber, and when an infected seed-piece is planted, the fungus grows up into the shoots on the surface of which it produces thousands of minute spores which may be blown or washed on to other healthy plants, where, under favourable conditions, they produce the well known late blight symptoms on the foliage leaves.Later in the season when the tubers have formed, the spores may be washed down from the leaves into the soil where they come in contact with the developing tubers and there initiate the wet rot of the tubers\u2014a trouble begun in the field, but which, alas, continues in storage.This disease has been known and studied for almost a century.It is present every season, though not always in epidemic form.To save their crops and increase their revenue, potato growers can practise an effective contro] measure of protection.This consists in thoroughly covering the surface of the potato foliage and keeping it covered by periodic sprayings with a fungicidal spray before any of the spores of the parasite are blown or washed on to the leaves.The question which the potato grower invariably asks is, does spraying pay ?Spraying :may be looked upon as crop insurance, Those who spray thor- oughly\u2014and what farm operation is worth doing if it is not done thoroughly?\u2014are assured of a good yield in a year when late blight or tuber rot is rampant.Further, years of observation and results have shown that even if there be no late blight, spraying is not wasted.The Bordeaux mixture has also a physiological action on the potato plant, producing greener and more luxuriant foliage which remains green longer than unsprayed foliage.This results in more efficient and increased food manufacture by the plants which means ultimately increased yield of tubers.Experiments on spraying carried out in New York State showed that over a period of 10 years the average gain per acre was 97.5 bushels, with yearly gains varying from 39 to 233 bushels per acre.This, as you will see, more than paid for the cost of spraying.Similar results were obtained at Vermont over a period of 20 years, Such results leave little doubt in our minds as to the profits to be made from spraying where late blight is an economie factor.Potato spraying is performed mainly for two reasons: (1) to control late blight or tuber rot, and (2) to destroy the Colorado potato beetle.Minor troubles with which the potato crop is afflicted, such as early blight, green flies and leaf hoppers, have sometimes to be considered.For thorough spraying, three essentials should be borne in mind: (1) only the best materials should be used, (2) the right type of sprayer and (3) the right time of application.Spraying should begin when the plants are about 6 inches high and should be repeated every one or two weeks thereafter throughout the growing season, depending on weather conditions and the prevalence of insect pests.The thing to aim at is to keep the foliage, the old leaves as well as the new growth, covered with a protective film of the spray.For the first two sprays a 4-4-40 Bordeaux mixture should be applied; that is, 4 pounds of burnt lime, 4 pounds of copper sulphate crystals and 40 Imperial gallons of water, to which 1% pounds of arsenate of lime or arsenate of lead in dry form should be added per 40 gallons of spray.The arsenate serves to control the potato beetle.Later sprayings may be increased to a strength of 5-5-40 Bordeaux mixture, and, if green flies or leaf hoppers are present, % of a pint of nicotine sulphate (black-leaf-40) should be added to 40 gallons of the mixture.Good copper sulphate (blue vitriol) can readily be cbtained.The best lime to use is fresh burnt lime or lump lime.Air-slaked lime cannot be used.Fresh hydrated lime may be used if burnt lime is unobtainable, but Bordeaux mixture made from the former does not stay in suspension as long.The Bordeaux is best prepared by making 4 pounds of burnt lime into a thick paste of concentrated milk of lime and adding this, while stirring vigorously, to a dilute solution of copper sulphate containing four pounds, and then adding sufficient water to make 40 Imperial gallons.Both solutions might be diluted and poured together, but the two substances should never be poured together in the concentrated form.The materials should be mixed just before using as the value of the mixture deteriorates rapidly on standing.Where a large acreage is to be sprayed, a good horse-drawn, four row, 12 nozzle machine, with pumping capacity to maintain a pressure of at least 150 pounds per square inch at each nozzle, should be used.Suitable types for smaller areas can also be had; the main thing is to get the leaves covered thoroughly.The leaves should be kept covered with spray until early September, otherwise a late infection of blight might result in the tubers becoming infected at harvest time, and, although no rot will show up in the field, rot will develop in storage.It has been shown experimentally over a period of years in New York State that spraying potatoes with Bordeaux mixture gives slightly, though consistently, better results than dusting when the same amount of metallic copper is applied per unit area.The copper, which is the toxic agent, sticks better and remains on for a longer time when applied as a spray than as a dust.However, as the difference in yield between sprayed and dusted pots is not great, amounting over a three year period to an average of 7 bushles per acre, some growers may prefer to practise dusting because of its convenience.Should dusting be resorted to, copper-lime dust is the best.Dusting should be done when there is no wind and the vines are moist with rain or dew.Miscellaneous considerations.\u2014 As there is no \u201cblight-proof\u201d or resistant strain of potatoes, spraying has to be resorted to, and although it will effectively control disease, attention should also be given to other measures.Like all farm operations, it should be done intelligently rather than by rule of thumb.The practice of high ridge culture is often recommended.Where this can be done it reduces tuber rot, since the tubers are covered with soil to a depth of several inches and are thereby protected in a large measure from the spores of the late blight fungus which may be washed down from the leaves.The ridge should, however, come to a sharp peak, for if even a small furrow is left at the top of the ridge it will act as a funnel and guide the spores towards, rather than away from, the tubers.Should the potato tops be heavily infested with blight, the tubers should not be harvested until a week or more after the death of the tops.It might even be worth while to remove the tops before digging, as tubers which have been kept free of rot may become infected at digging time.Never dig potatoes on a wet day, and never cover piles of potatoes with dead vines.If you believe in life insurance, why not insure your potato crop by thorough spraying ?To build a good lamb market :\u2014 Dock all lambs and castrate all male lambs when young.Feed and finish all lambs so they are fat at 80 to 90 lbs.at the farm, Provide rape or clover for fall feeding or finish by hand feeding.Get rid of internal parasites. v 8 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Among Farm and Village Home Plantings in July By C.E.Russell, Dep\u2019t of Horticulture, Macdonald College.HE general care of the borders for this month is much the same as given for June.The hoe should be kept busy to maintain the mulch; especially so should the month prove to be droughty.If water is available the hoeing may be supplemented with sprinkling during very dry weather.After the flowering of perennials the heads should be removed unless a seed crop is desired.This will make the borders much more attractive.If the old flower stems of the Snapdragon are cut back immediately after flowering a few of the lateral branches may produce a fairly satisfactory second crop of bloom.In case one plans to seed a lawn in August, it should be graded immediately if such has not already been done.Regular and frequent cultivation should be given this month in order to destroy weed growth and prepare a suitable seed bed.With established lawns, the weekly cuttings and frequent rollings should be continued.If water is available for the newly set plants, this is a good month to divide the iris.If there is a danger of drought the work should be postponed until September.After a few years the iris rhizomes pile up and satisfactory bloom is produced only near the outside.To overcome this, dig up the crowding clump and divide it into individual rhizomes, each with its leaves, The best soil in which to transplant is a well drained garden loam; however, the iris will do well in most soils.After sprinkling bone meal over the new location and mixing with the soil, the divisions should be planted very shallowly at an irregular distance of from eight to ten inches apart.This distance should eliminate the necessity of re-dividing for a period of four or five years.In planting it is essential that the rhizomes do not be entirely covered with soil (see Fig.2); for they must be exposed to light for best results.During this season of the year it is not uncommon to find roses suckering from below the grafts.Since such growtns rob the desired variety of its proper amount of food, they should be removed.After the rambler roses have bloomed the best new growths should be selected and tied up.Care should be given that each shoot has sufficient room, At this time the old shoots as well as the weak new ones should be removed.Window boxes which are exposed to the sun need frequent watering.for best results in an exposed position watering twice a day is advised.Wilted flowers should be removed regularly to keep the boxes in the most attractive condition.The phlox may be attacked by red spiders.Though these are very small their presence can be detected by the filmy web which is formed and by the browning of the leaves.To control them the plants should be syringed by a strong force of water from cither a syringe or hose, In case the phlox suffers from mildew they should be sprayed with sulfide of potassium (1 oz.to 1 gal, of water).\u201ca [Li Fig.2.The line shows the soil line in planting iris rhizomes at the proper depth.It is probable that the seedling perennials which were planted last month will be large enough to transplant.In the case of transplanting small quantities it should be done in the evening to give them longer to get established before going through the heat of the day.For this first transplanting they should be set in well prepared soil in the kitchen garden and not scattered to their permanent places in the borders.This keeps them together in one place where they will receive greater care as far as cultivation and watering are concerned.The distance apart to put them in the row (three to six inches) will depend upon their size.In the fall these may be transplanted again, at that time being placed in the permanent locations in the borders, If, by any chance, the sowing of the perennial seed has been neglected it can be done now.It should not be delayed longer.The seedlings from seed planted now may be pricked-off (transplanted) to the kitchen garden this fall.Such, however, would hardly reach sufficient size to be placed in their permanent locations this fall.The final transplanting should be delayed until spring.On My Way HE weather has been very much with us this T spring, and 1 do not think that I have met anyone who has been pleased with it.Folks have generally always a word to say or some comment to make on the subject but the continual heavy Fig.\u20181.A perennial border.rains that have come to us this season have created a state of exasperation that have made these everyday remarks most pointed.The farmer has been discouraged, the motorist delayed, the golfer disappointed, and all the rest of us have longed for sunshine and warmth, It is another example of the old law of cause and affect, where the surface of our natures is tempered each day by the kind of weather the day brings.Few things exert a more constant influence over us, and though we may not reflect the bright sunshine very efficiently we.are often found wearing a sullen weather mood.These long, cold spring that have been following each other in such succession during the past few years are causing us to wonder if our memories of more pleasing seasons is not a product of our imaginations.It might be so with me were it not for things connected with my boyhood which I recall and about which I could not be mistaken.There was for instance the day when I first discarded my boots and stockings.The good feel of fresh, warm ground makes its way again like a current up through my body when I think about it, and I can remember well the hurt of tender soles caused by the pressure of every little obstruction on which 1 stepped.That day could never come too soon, yet though it was delayed by the cautious judgement of a mother whose wise purpose it was to avoid another cold or a return attack of croup, it was never later than the middle of May in arriving, while the Twenty Fourth was a traditional opening date for the first swim.Perhaps it was my mother\u2019s endarance that gave out, and to my eagerness she yielded rather than to satisfied judgement, but if so the young blood that filled my veins quite overcame the weather and its chill, Thinking about it in that light, I am glad T am not a boy now, for who could wait this year for the coming of that pleasure ?Perhaps the real cause of our backward seasons is that boys do not go barefoot nearly so mich as they used to, so there is no real necessity for spring to hurry.In any case, that pleasing balminess which the time of year suggests is unpardonably far behind once more.Today, past mid-June, Danny and Paul when out for a walk wore their spring coats and knitted caps, and tonight as 1 write the kitchen stove burns gaily, and the comfort that comes from being seated near to it is as pleasant as it might be on a winter\u2019 night.0° Reflecting on the circumstances of my boyhood, it would seem that Destiny intended that eventually I should become a great man, Those early years were attended with all the lack of material things which usually marks the beginning of notable careers and which serve so well as a contrast to the fullness of later achievement.I was just a barefoot farm lad belonging to people who never at any time in their lives were relieved frem the toil of a simple life and who never knew even for a day the ease of sufficient money.With them I did my share of work, went my way to the little log schoolhouse to learn something of letters and figures, and sometimes to the distant town, which was such a big place where there was always so much to see, counting the event especially thrilling if perchance the daily train arrived while I was there.Now that I am a man it would appear that this favourable setting of childhood was not the beginning of a road to greatness, for I still belong to those who daily take up some task, the doing of which leads into no byway of eave.Perhaps I have gone astray or Destiny has, or else the time has not arrived.I was too happy and contented as a boy to know that I was poor.Mince was a country poverty.I had a sand bank all my own, a brook (that flowed through clover-grown meadows) in which I splashed and learned to swim and in whose waters I caught many a string of appetizing fish.I had a scented woods, a dog and squirrels to chase.All these and more were mine, and, though there were many things that boys might have, I wanted nothing, A little pair of pants of duck, a shirt of print, a hat of common straw was all my dress in summer days.My toughened feet were washed almost clean each morning in bringing in the cows; at night they were very dirty with the grime and dust of the day, but, as the saying goes, \u201cit was a healthy dirt.\u201d But however the weather may affect our temper- ment and change our moods, or boyhood determine the course of manhood, all the realm outside the reach of man is constant.No lateness of spring or deluge of rain, no youth or age may matter.With the greatness and consistency of unfailing things, Nature adorns the land in abounding green.Asif painted again, the world appears afresh after every rain, Each tree of the woods is puffed into \u2018a roun.ness of its own that stands apart in the niass of bulging tops.The verdant colour, new and un: weathered, completely covers the \u2018 countryside,\u201d so f | THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 9 that winding roads and broken fields, freshly tilled as seen from a distance, meet the eye in striking contrast.Left to themselves in wild harmony, trees, flowers and shrubs, each of their kind thrive together.Only where man has tampered does there seem to be difficulty.His fields are waiting and empty while all about them is springing into thronging life, It is always a question to be thought about and never to be solved, as to whether our course is nearly true or far removed instead from what some great plan or purpose intended.We count as mistakes many things we have done because they have not turned out as they were expected to do, at the same time forgetting that it has not been revealed to us what the results would have been had we done otherwise.Childhood was innocent and unquestioning, but now wherever I go I meet men in every walk of life, who, like myself, are trying to find their way.H.HA Common Cabbage Pest VERY grower of cabbages must be familiar with the cabbage worm, the common, velvety- green caterpillar that feeds upon the leaves of these and related plants.In spite of this fact, it is surprising how many cabbages are ruined every year, even though the grower has applied an arsenical poison, which, however, although quite capable of killing the insects, was applied after the caterpillars had entered -the head of the cabbage, where it is impossible to kill them., The white butterflies that are so often seen hovering over the plants, are the adults of this insect, and they deposit their yellowish eggs singly on the undersides of the leaves.These hatch in a APHIDS, OR By W.E.HEN aphids are prevalent, few crops escape their attack.Since they are very small insects, frequently feeding on the undersides of the leaves, a great amount of damage is often done before their presence is detected.Frequently, the first indication is that the leaves begin to curl, and in some cases turn yellow, at which time it is usually too late to control them, as it is impossible to get the spray into the curled leaves.Again, we may find that the plants have a shiny appearance, caused by the sticky honeydew which is secreted by the insects.This material is relished by ants, and that is why they are usually found with a colony of aphids.In return for the honey-dew, they care for the aphids, often affording them protection and seeing that they have an adequate food supply.Another insect found among aphis colonies is the ladybird beetle, of which there are many species.These are among our most beneficial insects and should be protected, as in both their larval and adult stages, they are predacious upon aphids and other sucking insects.Unlike many of our common insects, aphids do not have strong biting jaws with which they can devour portions of the foliage, but have mouth parts fitted for sucking.These are modified into a slender beak with which the insect is able to pierce the plant tissue and through which the juices are sucked up.For this reason it will be obvious why stomach poisons are useless in effecting a control.The life histories of the many species of aphids are also different from those of other insects.In the majority of cases, the winter is passed in the egg stage on some hardwooded tree.These hatch in the early spring into wingless females known as stem mothers, and these, when mature, give birth to living young.This second generation also gives birth \u2018to living young which may consist of both winged and wingless individuals, those with wings migrating to the alternate host plant when there is one, The potato aphis, for instance, winters on the Japanese rose, while the rosy aphis of apple spends the summer on plantain.Numerous generations occur throughout the summer, which are usually all\u2019 wingless females, but in the fall there is a generation of winged individuals which return to ghe winter host, where eggs are deposited.Owing to this prolific reproduction, it will be understood why an aphis infestation seems to descend upon a crop overnight.\u2018Although there are many different species of aphids whose habits and nature of injury may differ to some extent, the control measures are the same for all; in that they can only be effected by a .contact insecticide.As\u2019 its name implies, it must come in contact with the insect, and for this reason short time, and the caterpillars, which feed voraciously, begin eating holes in the leaves, gradually boring deeper into the forming head.Upon becoming full-grown, they change to pupae, and these are often attached by silken threads to the plant or surrounding vegetation.In due course the butterflies appear and lay eggs for another brood which is more destructive than the first.The insect may be readily controlled, provided the treatment is applied in time.If, however, it is delayed until the caterpillars are inside the head, the grower might just as well save his time and money.The prevalence of white butterflies indicates that there will shortly be an outbreak of caterpillars, so that close watch should be kept and an application of poison made just as soon as these appear.Arsenate of lead is usually recommended for this purpose, at the rate of 1% lbs.to 40 gallons of water, in which a couple of pounds of soap has been dissolved to enable the material to better wet the smooth leaves of the cabbage.Another method, which may be even more satisfactory, is to use the material as a dust: 1 lb.of arsenate of lead or arsenate of lime, mixed with 5 1bs.of slaked lime and dusted on the plants, through a piece of sacking, while they are wet with dew.Whichever method is- employed, it must be done while the caterpillars are small.A further precaution is to gather up and destroy all crop remnants, as to these the overwintering pupae are often attached, which are responsible for the next year\u2019s infestation, It has been found by experiment that there is little danger of human poisoning from the use of the arsenical, owing to the fact that the plant forms \u201cits leaves from the inside, the outer being removed and the cabbage washed before cooking.For those who prefer it, however, pyrethrum or hellebore may be used, PLANT LICE Whitehead thorough work must be done; it is no good confining the spray to the top of the leaves if the insects are on the undersides.Black Leaf 40 (nicotine sulphate), at the rate of 1 pint to 100 gallons of water to which 41 lbs.of soap has been added, is the most common insecticide for this purpose.Unfortunately the price is rather high, but is may now be obtained in small quantities from many drug stores and from most of the seed houses.If this material is not available, which is sometimes the case, kerosene emulsion may be used instead.This is made at home as follows : \u2014 Soap .5 lb.Kerosene .2 gals Water .1 gal.Dissolve the soap in the water, which should be heated, add the oil and churn violently until a creamy emulsion is formed without any free oil present.This is the stock solution, and for aphids on trees in foliage, 10 gallons of water should be added to each 3 gallons of stock.Whatever material is applied, use as much pressure as possible and thoroughly soak all parts of the plant.For low-growing crops, such as potatoes and turnips, an angle nozzle must be used.Summer Management of the Growing Stock W.A.Maw.ONTINUAL normal growth in the young stock is one esential to the poultryman during the summer months if the pullets are to be in readiness to lay by early fall and the cockerels to be finished as meat or mature breeding males.The essential factors for normal development are, first, proper feeding, especially sufficient protein in the ration for flesh development along with skeletal development; second, roomy quarters in housing to avoid unnecessary crowding at nights; and third, clean range conditions supplying green foods.Feeding\u2014 Whether feeding by the all-mash system or the grain plus mash system the one essential is to have the protein balance in the ration properly fixed.Stock at the ten to twelve week stage will soon show the result of a lack of protein by an unthrifty condition in flesh and feather as well as in leg colour.Animal proteins, such as milk or beefseraps and especially milk, will very soon correct the apparent check in development, Milk as a drink along with a ration carrying from five to ten percent beefscraps will keep the birds in smooth feather and steady growth.A check in growth at this stage will be detrimental to final development and production.Pullets should come into laying large in body and well fleshed.Grain and mash fed to growing stock should be hopper-fed in order that the stock may get sufficient at all times.Where this system is used, hopper space for feeding is a factor demanding proper attention.Be sure that the stock can feed without crowding, as the weaker birds may be kept from getting sufficient food and thereby be kept back in development.Housing\u2014 Airy housing, allowing roosting space for all stock, is essential to health and good growth, It is quite often necessary to train the birds to go to roost by placing wire netting under the roosts and forward to the floor, thereby forcing the stock to go up to the roosts, In this way the stock is also kept from sleeping among their own droppings or becoming overheated by crowding into a corner on the floor.Open air houses are often used on the range with excellent results.In these houses all sides may be wire netting, or three sides wire and the side facing the prevailing winds of lumber.Where all wire sides are used, the roof must project down to a level below that of the roosts to prevent the birds sitting in the direet wind, The roof side is then set towards the prevailing winds.Such range houses are usually constructed without floors but must be moved regularly to avoid too much contamination of soil.Runge and Green Foods\u2014 Well cultivated range growing a green crop is one of the simplest ways of controlling disease or parasitic infections and at the same time supplying essential foods for normal growth and good leg and skin colour, which is an indicator of health.If possible, summer ranges should be alternated from year to year and the houses moved on the range occasionally to avoid soil contamination; and summer fallowing for the early season will tend to destroy much of the parasitic eggs or larvae if present.Summer cropping following the fallow also cleans up the soil and provides a green crop for the following spring.Shade on the range is essential and can be provided in different ways.The raising of houses to allow the stock to get below same is one way; the growing of trees and shrubs another; and the growing of sunflowers, corn or grain still another.All mentioned ways are easily attained, but tree or shrub growth takes a matter of years to become established.Careful attention to the growing stock is well repaid in good growth and development, and these are the essentials to future production and reproduction in our flocks, Canadian Fruit Crop Prospects blossom prospects, were never more promising for a good crop of fruit in the fruit producing provinces from the Pacific to the Atlantic.Without exception, all kinds of fruit are showing a heavy blossom, As the amount of bloom is little or no indication of the eventual yield, except that a big crop could not be expected from a small showing of blossom, there will be no attempt to estimate yields until the results of the June drop are known.British Columbia, which is more advanced than any of the other provinces, is very hopeful for a good crop of apples, peaches, cherries, plums and small fruits, while strawberries, which are now moving to market, are practically assured of an increased crop over 1927, In the Eastern Provinces, weather conditions have been cool and wet during the blossom period, and it is feared that in all probability the yield will not be as heavy as might be expected.The strawberry and raspberry crops promise to equal last year\u2019s production, Province of Quebec : In this province the present outlook for an apple crop is very good, according to blossom indications.Weather conditions have not been favourable so far during the blossom period, and warm, sunny days are needed to obtain a good set of fruit.Should there be a normal set, the crop should be about 150% of last year, which amounted to 104,600 barrels.Practically every orchard in the principal commercial districts has a uniform display of bloom, with the result that all varieties have an equal start for yield.McIntosh and Fameuse look exceptionally promising.Jes 1st conditions, which are based entirely on Ts nt a Em 10 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Blackhead By Alex.D.Baker, Department of Entomology and Zoology, Macdonald College, Que.very important disease from the viewpoint of the turkey raiser, the disease known as blackhead is also found occurring in young chickens.Here the symptoms, lesions, etc., are identical with those of blackhead of turkeys, but the losses are much less severe.Blackhead is most serious in birds during the first months of their lives, and resistance usually increases as the birds grow older, The disease has been given the common name of \u201cblackhead\u201d because the head of the affected bird is supposed to turn blue or bluish-black in color.As this darkening of the head does not always occur, the name is sometimes rather misleading.The organs of the bird that are chiefly affected are the intestines and the liver, and, because of this, the disease is more appropriately known as \u2018\u201cente- rohepatitis\u201d, which gives one a better indication of the pathological condition that is found.The importance of the disease need not be dwelt upon.It is both widely distributed and as widely known.Ever turkey raiser becomes acquainted with it sooner or later, very often the introduction being an expensive one.EXTERNAL SYMPTOMS The external symptoms of this disease are of such a nature that exact determination of the cause of the trouble may be difficult.At least, however, the symptoms are usually sufficiently definite to convey a sharp warning of the possibility of blackhead infection.If many deaths occur, the internal organs should always be examined: postmortem examination will definitely establish the presence of blackhead, and should always be made where the disease is suspected.As it is the younger turkeys that are most susceptible to blackhead infection, it is here that the external symptoms of the disease would naturally be expected to be most pronounced, At first it may be noticed that the birds are much less lively than usual.Their appetite falls off and they become less active in searching for food, A listless, non-attentive period.Diarrhea is a nearly constant symptom, the droppings being of a yellowish-green color, The feathers become soiled and ruffled, and the bird presents a general unkempt appearance.As the disease advances, the dullness and weakness of the birds increase, and they eventually become considerably emaciated.The animals stand with wings and tails drooping, and the peculiar discoloration of the head already referred to may become evident.Most of the birds eventually die.In acute cases death may occur in about 2 or 3 weeks, but the general progress of the disease is slower and may become a chronic condition as the bird ages, POSTMORTEM FINDINGS An examination of the internal organs of turkeys should be made where blackhead is suspected in the flock.The internal changes are usually well Diseased caecn of an ; .: ; Blackhead infested turkey.marked, and diagnosis in this way reasonably certain.The external symptoms provide the necessary warning.Postmortem examinations, however, are essential for more exact determination of the cause of the trouble, as digestive and other disturbances may be confused with the disease.Blackhead (or enterohepatitis) is a disease of the intestines and the liver.Therefore, it is in these two organs that we might expect, and do find, the most marked pathological changes.The main changes in the intestines are confined to the blind pouches, or cacea, of the alimentary canal, It is here that the disease originates.The organism causing the trouble invades the lining of these pouches and causes a general breaking down of the tissues in its vicinity, The caeca, in consequence, soon show discolored diseased areas, and, with the resulting escape of blood, ete., into the cavity of a pouch, a cheesy core may be formed.The pouches usually become enlarged.One or both may be affected.As the disease progresses, the causal organism 1s carried by the blood stream to the liver, which soon shows a diseased condition which is fairly typical.Necrotic areas appear on this organ which are grey to yellow in color and of circular or irregular shape.The size of these diseased regions varies considerably and they may extend deeply into the tissues or be merely superficial.The pathological changes occurring in the caeca and the liver, as described above, are usually suf- ticent to diagnose the disease.CAUSE OF THE DISEASE Blackhead is caused by a microscopic single-celled parasite named Histomonas meleagris.Although this organism was first found in 1895, its classification and relation to the disease remained in doubt until a comparatively short time ago.The discoverer, Theobald Smith, described as Amoeba meleagris the organism he found in intestinal and liver lesions of turkeys.Cole and Hadley (1910) at Rhode Island, believed that the amoeba of Smith was really a stage of a coccidium that had been acquired from sparrows.A long controversy among several workers followed, and it was not until 1920 that Dr.E.E.Tyzzer recognized the organisms as an aberrant flagellate and created a new genus for it, proposing the name of Histomonas meleagris, recognizing the bodies originally described by Smith, Two forms of the parasite occur.One form is of the type pictured, with hair-like structures or \u201cflagella\u201d that aid in locomotion, the organism in this stage exhibiting a peculiar jerky movement.Only one flagella is the more common condition, but two, three, or four (as illustrated) are found.This \u201cflagellated\u201d form is assumed in the caecal contents on recovery of the bird.The second type of the organism that is found is without flagella and termed the \u201camoeboid\u201d phase.It is this second form that occurs within the tissues during the acute stage of infection.ROLE OF THE CAECAL WORM Turkeys fed with the eggs of the caecal worm Hoterakis gallinae) which have been allowed to reach their infective stage, contract blackhead.It has been shown that this worm is the most important means by which the disease is transmitted.Histomonas has been demonstrated within the bodies of these worms although, as yet, it has not been definitely located within the egg itself, Tyzzer (1924) found that incubator-hatched turkeys, kept Diseased areas on liver of turkey infected with Blackhead.in strict isolation in clean quarters and fed sterilized food, remained free from blackhead indefinitely.However, when fed with eggs of the caecal worm which had reached the infective stage, typical blackhead regularly occurred; this with the eggs of the worms maturing in bacteriologically sterile media.Non-embryonated eggs will not produce infection.It is very probable that the ingestion of caecal worm eggs that have reached the infective stage by young turkeys is the commonest cause of blackhead outbreaks in the turkey flock.DIRECT TRANSMISSION Direct transmission from one chicken or turkey to another may occur, even in the case of worm-free stock.However this mode of transmission can only be brought about when fresh caecal material which has been discharged by an infected animal is ingested by another bird.It has been found that Histomonas can not survive outside the body of its host for more than 24 hours.Older caecal material is no longer infective (directly).It will be seen that in the absence of worms, the danger of infection through the ingestion of droppings, etc., in a turkey run or house that has been in disuse for even a short time is very slight.\u2018The causal organisms can remain alive outside the body of the bird only a short time, and re-infection must necessarily take place within 24 hours.INFECTION THROUGH CHICKENS Young chickens contract blackhead when fed on the liver tissue of diseased turkeys.While they are less susceptible to the disease and usually recover from the acute form, it has been found that when the acute symptoms abate an organism is found in the intestine possessing the flagella and exhibiting The flagellated phase of the organism of Blackhead.(Histomonas Meleagris).the peculiar jerky movements of Histomonas.The common fowl is more resistant to the disease than turkeys, and in most cases there is prompt recovery.Such birds are rightly regarded as carries of blackhead.The caecal worm is very probably the most common worm that is found in chickens.The role played by the caecal worm in the transmission of blackhead has already been dwelt upon, Common poultry are undoubtedly the chief source of infection of blackhead by turkeys.This applies also to land on which poultry has been allowed to run, where the eggs of the caecal worm may almost invariably be located very plentifully in the soil, which they have reached through the droppings of the birds.RECOMMENDATIONS Infected birds should be removed from the flocks as soon as the disease is recognized, The disease can be transmitted directly from bird to bird through the medium of fresh droppings, without the aid of the caecal worm, It is most important that the role of the caecal worm should be recognized.Do not let your turkeys range on the same ground as that which is, or has been, occupied by common poultry.Ingestion of caecal worm eggs produces blackhead; and the caecal worm is very prevalent in chickens.For the same reason, keep your turkeys separated from the common poultry flock as far as is possible.Certain drugs have been employed in an endeavor to cure blackhead but at present successful treatment has been largely confined to the carriers of the disease only.Of these drugs, tryparsamide, Bayer 205, and turpentine have been reported on favorably (Tyzzer).The raising of pest-free stock offers distinct advantages owing to the resulting freedom from the earlier and what are almost invariably the most severe losses, Fo © THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 11 Coping With the \u201cBuck Lamb\u201d Problem while with other people it is a more common article of diet.Consumers\u2019 tastes on this continent, however, are I HE campaign to improve the gen- 2 eral quality of our lamb products Lamb Marketings definitely formed and demand a lamb by eliminating the \u201cbuck\u201d lamb .at 1s Tous to rapid maturity.15 from the market each bef i 1927 TORONTO WINNIPEG MONTREAL js reflected in the demand from re- year before it Total Total Bucks % Total Bucks % ilers f , ighi fr.35 becomes objectionable has now been Lambs Bucks % Lambs Lambs pater or aren anes Nes Ing 5 du © .; .; 0 pounds.As lamb carcasses dress carried on for five years.An intelligent july .\u2026.11,871 1,338 113 1,554 89 5.7 17,424 1,106 15.out about 50 per cent.of the live weight review can now be made of the effect of 04: 5 5 17 8.CU \u2019 w can August .23,723 4464 188 4,047 605 1255 17,968 6,889 885 the animals must be finished by the the campaign and the results obtained.September.31,771 6,830 21.1 4,566 427 9.3 28,302 9,320 33.time that thev h -eached th i>ht From March to April, inclusive, con- October .44,053 2,606 58 7,400 265 3.5 47,544 10,593 22.3 y lave reached the wei stitutes the season during which the November.43895 2,084 4.7 7,583 190 25 31,189 8,128 26.of 80 to 90 pounds on the farm.great bulk of the lambs are born.This December.12,504 762 6 2611 20 8 8279 3,158 424 If these primary conditions are met, period also sees the last of the winter- fed lambs of the previous spring\u2019s lamb crop marketed and may, therefore, be considered to be the beginning of the \u201clamb year\u2019.By June a certain percentage of the earliest of the lambs are coming on the market, Uncastrated male lambs do not develop the qualities that make them objectionable to the consumer until late midsummer, although at no time are they as desirable from the standpoint of percentage yield of the higher priced cuts as are wethers.The period at which buck lambs become objectionable is largely determined by the age and earliness of maturity, so that in Canada, with our varying climatic conditions and sheep farming practices, the period in the marketing season in which they become a burden varies somewhat in different markets.But it may be taken as a cold fact that from midsummer on, the production on the markets of any considerable number of \u201cbuck\u201d lambs during the period when the bulk of the lambs are marketed is a deadly menace to the building up of demand for lamb by consumers.Therefore, the objective has been to eliminate the buck each year before it became objectionable.For many years educational work had been carried on, but it was only when the markets began to discriminate in price that the educational work became effective.In 1923 Ontario lamb buyers cut the price of buck lambs $1.50 per cwt.after Sept.1st.In 1924, the cut was increased to $2.00 per cwt.effective from July 15th.This was continued in 1925 and on November 2nd increased to $3.00 per cwt.In 1926 and 1927 a $2.00 per cwt, cut was made after the middle of July and $3.00 after October 1st.From 1924 forward the same cuts were made in the markets of Western Canada.Quebec and the Maritimes joined in the campaign in 1926 with a cut of $1.00 per cwt.and in 1927 a cut of $2.00 per cwt.Before the cuts were made effective nearly all the male lambs produced in Eastern Canada were marketed as bucks with the exception of some small districts and as a certain percentage of female lambs are held each year for breeding purposes there are more male lambs marketed than females.In the West the sheep industry was at one time carried on almost entirely on ranches and the male lambs were carried over until the following season which necessitated castration for the protection of the breeding stock.For this reason proper practices have always been more prevalent in Western Canada and only a part of the smaller producers are negligent.The inset table taken from Dominion Government statistics for the three largest markets of Canada, tells the story of results.In studying the tables a clear understanding of the objective sought is important.The objective is to eliminate the buck lamb before it has developed the qualities that make it objectionable.That is, as far as possible, to have all male lambs intended for the market castrated, then to force those not castrated on to the market early in the season and during the autumn to have few of them, The objective is not necessarily to make a reduction in price commensurate with the market value of bucks at the moment but to eliminate them so as to raise the consumptive demand for all lamb.It is evident from the table that the severe cut made in Ontario and the West after October lst is necessary and that it accomplishes its purpose, i.e.it reduces the numbers to a very small percentage and the farmer does not suffer loss because he is not marketing bucks.In Quebec the cut of $1.00 per cwt.in 1926 did some good.Owing to the lack of appreciation of the objective on the part of many lamb buyers the $2.00 cut in 1927 was only made partially effective.The results as will be seen are still unsatisfactory.The marketing of such a large percentage of lambs of inferior quality at this market, as compared with other markets, can only have a generally undesirable effect.The Maritimes export a considerable percentage of their lambs and an analysis of their marketings is difficult to make.The cuts have been consistently carried out and the general results are fairly satisfactory but there is still some way to go.Alberta markets have a very small percentage of bucks.The Montreal market is the brake on the wheels of progress in quality in lamb, The policy for the elimination of the buck lamb will be continued this year.In Ontario, effective July 80th, a cut of $2.00 per cwt.and after October 1st a cut of $3.00 per cwt.will be made on all buck lambs of the previous spring\u2019s lamb erop.Similar policies are being formulated for other Provinces.The reduction in the percentage of the undesirable lambs is having a marked effect on lamb consumption, as more lamb is in demand by consumers during the period when it is in plentiful supply and the finding of a ready market for the product tends to keep the market buoyant.It is an essential aid in building export markets, Every cent, and more, that has been taken off the price of bucks has been paid out in better prices for ewes and wethers and in general price betterment.(Industrial and Development Council of Canadian Meat Packers).Quality in Canadian Lamb EFINITE progress has been made during the past few years in the improvement of Canadian lamb quality.The per capita consumption of lamb in Canada has been slowly rising, and with a comparative scarcity of beef on this continent, the time is ripe for developing a more widespread and permanent appetite for lamb.Lamb is a meat that is subjected to particularly keen discrimination on the part of the consumer.More of a delicacy than other classes of meat, the quality of lamb is a factor of first importance in increasing consumption and in holding demand once created.From the earliest days of recorded history, when men lived in pastoral tribes, mutton has been esteemed as a nourishing, easily digested and highly at- A good quality market lamb not only commands the best market price for itself but helps build up the market for lambs generally.The product from such a lamb when it appears on the table is the best advertisement for Canadian lamb-\u2014satisfied customers come back for more.tractive food.On this continent mutton is not so esteemed and lamb is still something of a special delicacy on the table, there is today an unequalled opportunity for the Canadian lamb producer to bring consumption in this country to a considerably higher level.This opportunity includes the possibility of increased export trade in lamb with the United States, where the per capita consumption of lamb and mutton is only 5.5 pounds annually.With a beef supply that is inadequate to meet the normal demand for meat,\u2014and it is considered probable that this condition will obtain for some time,\u2014the United States Department of Agriculture looks for an increased consumption of lamb.Since the taste of the United States consumer is identical in this regard with «Canadian taste, the production of lambs of the desirable quality and weight will meet the requirements of both domestic and export trade.Canadian lamb has already won a most favorable reputation on several large markets in the States, and if an increasing volume of high quality lambs can be provided for this trade it should become a profitable outlet and tend toward buoyancy in the trade in Canada.More than any other livestock business, the sheep industry is a dual-purpose proposition,\u2014the production of wool and of flesh.Lamb has come to hold a more dominant position in the sheep industry than Much study is now being given to the subject of the infernal parasites of lambs.The above illustration shows a lamb suffering from one of the numerous parasites affecting sheep, and indicates why one must look to flock sanitation as well as to breeding and feeding if ong is 10 be suceess- ful in producing what the market wants, in the days when flocks were kept primarily for their wool output.The marketing of lambs is a .steadying factor in the Canadian sheep business, and the higher the average quality of lambs produced, the steadier production should be for wool purposes.It is significant that lamb prices in Canada have continued at reasonably profitable levels,\u2014 averaging from $13.00 to $14.50 per hundred pounds for good grade lambs on the Toronto market,\u2014over the five-year period 1923-27.During the same per- .- iod, wool values, which had risen from a low ebb in 1921 to a high point in 1924, had dropped ten cents a pound by 1926, and are now on another rising cycle.The sheepman who is making a specialty of producing lambs of the right quality and weight is in a position to take the ups and downs of the wool market without following the \u201cin-and-outer\u201d tactics in his production which are: an unfortunate feature of some sections of the livestock industry.Culling ULLING in the laying flock should become general during the month of July.Many of the hens who have laid during the spring months s'op producing when the weather becomes warm, These boarders should be removed as soon as they can be detected, especially during these days of high feed prices.The birds that moult in July and have yellow beaks and shanks are out of production, The poor layers usually have a dry shrivelled appearance about the head also.In the average flock at least forty percent of the birds should be removed between the first of July and the middle of September, ee 12 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE THE SMART MODISTE By Ida Staud, School of House hold Science, Macdonald College.O you know why French clothes are so unmistakably Parisian ?Have you ever tried to define the quality that makes them so perfect and exquisite, so disturbing to other women and so satisfying to yourself ?And do you know how to infuse into the garments that you make in your own sewing rooms the same air of Parisian simplicity and smartness ?Why is it that many of the dresses made at home have that home-made look ?Too much stress cannot be laid on the importance of good tools in the sewing room\u2014scissors with true cutting edges, pins with good \u2018points (and plenty of them), accurate tape measure and yardstick.Frequently dull blades or blunt-pointed pins and needles have ruined a perfect piece of silk by drawing up or breaking a thread.A block of magnesia or French chalk is indispensable in the sewing room, and in case of a spot of oil from the machine, the spot should be well chalked and left for twenty- four hours.The sewing machine, too, has possibilities which many women do not suspect.Too often they do not even bother to learn how to do the important things\u2014adjusting the tension, selecting the proper size needle, and regulating the length of the stitch, Every home dressmaker should promise herself a few hours of exploration and experimentation in that unused box of attachments\u2014 not at a time when she is hurrying to finish something, but when she has plenty of leisure in which to experiment.Chief among the women who fall from chic are the guess-workers who buy their patterns in any size but their own.The woman who knows her own size without being measured takes a size larger than she needs, because at times she has bought ready made clothes that ran small so that she has only the vaguest idea of her right size.When she buys a size forty pattern, cut accurately to fit a woman of forty bust measure, her slimmer figure and all chances of chic sink out of sight in its spacious folds, In selecting a model, remember your own physical characteristics, your own likes and dislikes.The design must be suitable in order to have the garment look well-fitted.Ou a heavy figure, for example, a too plain type of frock is apt to look scant if made of sheer material or soft silk.One should choose a model that softens or conceals one\u2019s defects of figure, and then be sure the fabric is suitable to the model.Materials have their personalities.One is tailored, another formal, another suits sport clothes, while a fourth can only be worn at night.Patterns created for one type of fabric cannot be successful in another\u2014so heware of taking a tailored street model and creating it in chiffon; beware of taking an afternoon crepe de chine model and making it for the strect.Many of the failures among amateur dressmakers are due to this fatal disregard of material suggestions given with each pattern.Suit the material to the model which you have already selected.One must never buy less material than is stated on the pattern, Before cutting one must compare one\u2019s own measurements with the pattern, Disproportionate figures require alteration in the pattern.Remember in altering that the pattern is a style guide, and one must retain the lines of the original as far as possible, Before placing the pattern on the material, determine whether or not the material has an up and down design or finish, Cutting out charts for different widths of material accompany the pattern.One follows the particular chart for the particular size.In cutting out, always keep the material straight; never allow a supposed-to-be straight fold to go askew.The smart modiste knows that a garment that is cut on a crooked grain of the material will not set straight, will not press attractively and will feel uncomfortable when worn; knowing this she matches every section of the pattern so as to place large perforations accurately on the grain and to cut with a definite respect to all lengthwise, crosswise or true bias grains in the fabric.When you cut, use a flat surface.A big table is the ideal thing.Always use fine pins or needles to fasten the pattern to the material.This is essential, especially for silk materials where holes may be left by coarse pins.After the cutting, and before removing the pattern, tailor tack at all cross marks or notches and at all perforations, marking plaits, pockets or trimmings.Run a basting line down the center front and back of the frock before removing pattern.The accuracy of there lines insures less trouble in fitting the garment and in the placement of trim- The frock sketched above on the left is admirably suited to a medium weight silk material.Crepe faille is used here; the blouse is slashed in a scalloped line and the skirt is stitched in a yoke.Jersey fashions the costume on the right.Tucks are featured in the over-blouse.ming.There should be no economy in basting when one is making a frock; this is especially true in making a frock of a sheer fabric.Before basting, seams should be pinned together with pins at right angles t> the edges of the material.Basting should be accurate, and the seam allowance should be carefully followed to prevent unsatisfactory fittings and rippings.The work should be kept on the table us far as possible while basting seams.The material is supported in this way; it can\u2019t slide or stretch, A thread is run close to the neck opening or other open bias edge to prevent stretching.The latter is one of the chief causes of \u201cthat homemade look.\u201d A friend in need is the electric iron, and the wise home dressmaker keeps it and the board in use between almost every two operations.She opens and presses every seam before joining cone seam to another.She makes and presses the collar and cuffs before sewing them to the dress.Heat and moisture have a marked effect on most materials, Some become rigid or limp if they are moistened.For this reason one should always test the effect of heat and moisture on a waste serap of fabric before attempting to press it.A dry pressing cloth should always be used in pressing silk as too much heat weakens it.If creases are deep in the silk, a pressing cloth may be moistened and then dried with the iron until only slightly damp.This may then be placed on the wrong side of the material and pressed with a moderately hot iron, Care must be taken not to have the cloth too wet or the silk may be marked.If woollen goods have become shiny or the pile flattened, a wet cloth should be placed over the right side of the fabric and a hot iron laid very lightly on it.The cloth should then be lifted quickly and the pile raised by touching the fabric with a whisk broom.Undesirable fullness may be taken from woollen materials by shrinkage, placing a heavy wet pressing cloth over the part to be shrunk and pressing lightly with a hot iron.The steam formed accomplishes the desired end.Velvet should never be pressed on an ordinary board.The seams after stitching may be steamed by holding them open over the spout of a tea kettle.All tucks, whether machine stitched or hand run, must be carefully pressed on the wrong side, stretching the material slightly while pressing.Pin tucks should be placed face down and pinned securely at both ends on a well padded ironing board and pressed with a hot iron.They are stretched to form a straight line.Pleatings give a soft flattering effect and are extremely smart this season, Small pleats stay in place better when they are done by a professional.In calculating the amount of material needed, one must generally allow three times the amount of the space to be covered.For a skirt, the straight lengths are joined and the hem is put in before sending the material to be pleated.The skirt is then hung from the top.For flounces or jabots the edges are first finished with hemstitching or binding before the pleating is done.If the design calls for only a few larger pleats, the directions on the pattern may be followed successfully.The pleats are first marked according to the perforations; they are then basted the full length of the skirt and pressed with a heavy iron.Fine basting thread should be used to prevent the material from being marked when pressed.In woollen materials which have a knap and do not ravel, the seams are plain and pressed open; the edges may be pinked.In lighter woollen materials which are inclined to ravel, the seams are pressed open and overcasted.Lace seams should have a picoted edge.Mock French seams are used on heavy silks.A plain seam is made and pressed open; the edges are then turned under and held with a small running stitch.The narrow French seam conceals all raw edges and is used for sheer materials as voile, marquisette and thin silks.Many sheer materials have a gathered appearance along the seams which may be avoided if a few precautions are taken, A slight adjustment of the stitch regulator or tension screw will work wonders.The seam can be slightly stretched during the stitching, or stitching the material over paper will prevent this puckering.Setting sleeves into the armhole of a frock is not the difficult problem most women make of it.A gathering thread should be placed around the top of the sleeve from notch to notch.The dress is turned inside out, and the sleeve slipped into the armhole.The notches of the sleeve are pinned to the corresponding notches in the armhole, the pins being at right angles to the edges.The perforations indicating the top of the sleeve are placed at the shoulder seam, The fullness at the top of the sleeve is eased in as one bastes.Baste according to the seam allowance with small stitches, always holding the sleeve on top so that the fullness will be evenly distributed.It is said that \u201cgenius is the capacity for taking infinite pains.\u201d In dressmaking it is infinite pains that make a smartly styled frock a treasure or a regret.Cold Drinks for Hot Days HE tinkle of ice against glass is alluring on a hot summer day, and as the thermometer goes up the iced drink grows in popularity.The cold beverage varies in food value according to the ingredients used in its manufacture.But its chief duty is to be cold, attractive, and refreshing.The beauty of the beverage can be improved by using as a garnish such substances as thin slices of lemon, or orange, a nicely colored cherry, or a mint leaf.Sugar is usually used for sweetening, but a boil- cd syrup made from the sugar and water, blends with the other ingredients more smoothly than when the sugar is added separately.Six cups of granulated sugar to a quart of water are good proportions for the syrup.One tablespoon of this :yrup to a glass of liquid is usually sufficient to sweeten any fresh fruit drink.The flavor of the syrup is strengthened, and I think improved, if the thin rind of the lemon or orange is boiled with the sugar and water, and then strained out before the fruit juices are added.Wash the lemons or oranges and pare very thinly, taking care to cut through the oil cells, and avoid cutting into the white rind.Theine Punch 1 cup shredded pineapple 1 quart ginger ale 1 quart cold satce 1 pint tea infusion Boil the sugar, one cup water, and the thin rind of the oranges and lemons for ten minutes.Codl, and add the fruit juices, ginger ale, pineapple and tea.Let it stand one hour.Add the quart of chilled water and serve with chipped ice.Cherry Punch Juice of 4 oranges 2 cups cherry juice 2 cups shredded pineapple 1 quart carbonated water iced water Boil the sugar and 2 cups of water for ten minutes.When cold add the tea infusion, and fruit juices.Let it stand an hour.Add the carbonated water, and enough ice water to make of desired 1 cup water 1 cup sugar Juice 4 lemons Juice 4 oranges 2 cups sugar 2 cups water 2 cups tea infusion Juice of 4 lemons THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 13 strength.Garnish with cherries, or slices of lemon or orange.For both of the above recipes the best tea should be used and it should be allowed to steep not more than three minutes.Orangeade 4 cup lemon juice 214 cups orange juice few grains salt Boil the sugar, water, salt, and thin parings of orange rind for ten minutes.Remove the rind.When the syrup has cooled, add the fruit juices, and dilute with water to taste.Garnish with a mint leaf when serving.Currant Punch 2 cups boiling water Juice 3 lemons 2 cups currant jelly Juice 3 oranges 14 cup sugar Beat the currant jelly until it is well broken up, then dissolve it in the boiling water.Add the other ingredients, and let the mixture cool.Dilute with ice water to the desired strength.1 quart water 1 cup sugar Rhubarbade \u2018146 1b.rhubarb 6 oranges 3 lemons 1 grapefruit 1%, cup grape juice Sugar \u2018Wash and cut the rhubarb in small pieces, and barely cover with boiling water.Cook until very soft, strain through a wire sieve, and add the fruit juices.Measure the juice and add one-third its weight in sugar.Let it boil until the sugar is dissolved; cool, and keep in a cool place.Dilute with ice water at serving time.Chanel Punch 1 cup orange juice 1 tablespoon lemon 1 quart ice water \"4 cups cranberries 4 cups water 2 cups sugar 2 cups water Cook the quart of cranberries in 4 cups of water until very soft, crush and strain.Cook the sugar and 2 cups of water for five minutes, and add to the cranberry juice.Add the fruit juices.Just before serving add one quart of ice water.Mint Punch 4 tablespoons orange juice 1.cup grated pineapple 1 cup grape juice 4 sprigs mint 1 lemon ice water Make a syrup of the sugar and water.When cold add the fruit juices, pineapple, and mint bruised to emit the flavor.When serving.dilute with ice water to taste, If desired, mineral water can be used instead of ice water.juice Ye cup sugar 1 cup water Raspberryade 2 cups cooked raspberries 2 lemons 15, cup sugar 2 oranges 1 cup water Make a syrup of the sugar and water.When cool, add the raspberries and the juice of the oranges and lemons.Dilute to taste with ice water.Tartaric Lemonade 14 cup lemon juice 14 cup sugar 1 pint boiling water 11 teaspoon cream of tartar Pour the boiling water over the cream of tartar, add the sugar and chill.Keep in a cold place and serve as prescribed.Iced Coffee Use a freshly made, strong coffee infusion.In each glass place about one tablespoon of cream and a generous amount of cracked ice.Pour the strong coffee infusion over the ice, and garnish with whipped cream, Raspberry Cup 1 quart strong tea infusion 2 cups sugar 1 quart strong coffee infusion 1 cup water 1 quart rich raspberry syrup Boil the sugar and water one minute, and let it cool.Combine the ingredients and serve in glasses half filled with crushed ice.M.H.Report of the Quebec Women\u2019s Institutes URING the past month the branch institutes in each county have been active.Jerusalem- Bethany branch in Argenteuil studied Social Service, Pjoncer enjoyed a social evening, Hill- head discussed finances, Chatham studied gardening and Lakefield routine business.Abercorn, South Bolton and East Bolton branches in Brome County studied gardening and encouraged tree planting.Several interesting papers were given at these meetings, including Foster branch.Cookshire branch in Compton County has specialized in the upkeep of the cemetery.Three hundred dollars was voted for this purpose during the month, In Chateauguay and Huntingdon counties several important papers were given; Aubrey-Riverfield branch had cne on Legislation and National Events, Dundee on Agriculture and a demonstration on Interior Decoration, Hemmingford had a visit and talk from the Superintendent, Miss McCain, Franklin Centre studied Agriculture; Howick planned for the annual school fair.Brookbury in Compton County combined a social evening with their meeting, and Canterbury worked for a needy family.Sawyerville had a medical examination of the school children, and held social gatherings.East Clifton became better acquainted with Canada in a programme covering the subject from many angles, Dunham in Missisquoi County summarized the year\u2019s work showing special attention to schools.Stanbridge East planned an attendance contest for the year.Crawfordville in Megantic County studied Home Economics, Inverness had several papers and distributed garden seeds, and Lemesurier\u2019s meeting was devoted to the study of phases of gardening.Alcove branch in Ottawa County had a fine programme, and Alcove East studied the cultivation of flowers.Aylmer East present a life membership to the retiring president and Eardley had a patriotic paper read.Farm Point and Cascades branch devot2d the monthly meeting largely to the study of Child Welfare, and at Lascelles branch, a musical programme was enjoyed.Rupert had several interesting papers and Wakefield a discussion on gardening, while West Templeton had a stalk on Poultry.The branch Institute at Murrells in in Pontiac County had a busy meeting in planning ways and means of carrying on, and read a paper on \u201cTeacher and School\u201d.The branches in Stanstead County report routine business and in this as in all other counties, the influence of the season is seen, gardening, tree planting and forest preservation coming in for a share of attention.In Vaudreuil County, Como, Hudson and Hudson Heights had a special speaker on the subject of gardening and plant life.Almost every institute sent delagates to the Annual Convention at Macdonald College.M.ELIZABETH McCURDY, Provincial Publicity Convener, Quebec Women\u2019s June 21st, 1928.Institutes.Quebec Women's Institutes Convene UEBEC province from Gaspe to Huntingdon Q was represented in the Fifteenth Annual Convention held last week at Macdonald College.About one hundred and forty officers and members were present, the largest number yet seen in this gathering.Following the (Board Meeting on Tuesday, the Convention proper opened in the evening.Speakers of great merit were on the programme during the convention, including Hon.H.M.Marler, Montreal; Mrs.H.M.Aitken, Beeton, Ont.; Miss Helen Campbell, Ottawa, Ont.; Col.R.St.John MacDonald, MeGill University; Mr.Harold E.A.Rose, K.C., Montreal; Mr.F.C.Nunnick, Ottawa; Dr.W.J.Black, Montreal; M.Robson Black, Ottawa; Rev.Leslie Pidgeon, D.D., Montreal, all of whom gave timely and comprehensive addresses on subjects bearing on the department of work carried on by the Women\u2019s Institutes.The Convention was welcomed by Dr, C, F.Martin, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, in the absence of the principal, Sir.Arthur Currie, and were entertained at lunch on Wednesday by the Macdonald Women\u2019s Union, treated to a drive to Senneville, and had the privilege of listening to excellent vocal and instrumental music during the evening sessions.Greetings were received from Women\u2019s Societies of Montreal and Ste.Annes, and from the Cercles des Fermieres, Quebec.The report on Canadianization and National Events was read by the convener, Mrs.C.McOuat, Cowansville, and that of Home Economics by Mrs.H.P.\u2018Amm, Becchgrove.Mrs, F.S.Browne\u2019s report on Agriculture was received, and that of Mrs.C.E.Petch of Hemmingford on Child Welfare.Mrs.Willard Rexford, Ayer\u2019s Cliff, reported as convener of Education and Better Schools.Miss J.S.Herriott, M.A., Royal Victoria College, Montreal, was the special speaker for this department.Miss Alice Dresser, Richmond, gave her report on Legislation.The report on Publicity, Mrs.G.G.McCurdy, Convener, was received, and that on Canadian Industries was given by the Superintendent in the absence of the convener, Miss Maud Lefebvre, Bury.The discussion and addresses which followed each report were illuminating and helpful, and thoroughly up-to-date as regards view points and subject matter.The address of the President, Mrs.J.B.LeBaron, North Hatley, contained many valuable suggestions, and the report of the superintendent, Miss Hazel McCain, embodied the work of \u2018a busy and successful year among the institutes, with three new branches organized, increased membership to nearly 2,000, demonstrations, short courses in domestic science, ete.Each hour of the Convention days teemed with inspiration and information, and was a distinctly forward step in the uplifting of the standard of Quebec Women\u2019s Institutes.The home, the child, the community, the school and consequently the entire provincial and national life will doubtless feel the inspiration of the Fifteenth Annual gathering of Quebec\u2019s practical and homemaking women, M.ELIZABETH McCURDY, Provincial Publicity Convener, Quebec Women\u2019s Institutes.\u2014d 14 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE ; Eastern Canada Society of 8.J.Chagnon, Green Tea drinkers do not know the full enjoy- Animal Production.IB Maven ite ment of Green Tea unless they use \u201cSALADA\u201d Health Committee Green\u2014the very choicest variety, blended to per- Dairy Cuttle Production Dr.Cameron.venson fection\u2014packed in air-tight metal to protect the Drok Traoman, Dr.R.L.Conklin.Alavour\u2014Sells for only 38c per ;-Ib.\u2014Ask for it at J.A.Ste.Marie, The following officers were then any grocer\u2019s.W.JJ.Bell.elected for the ensuing year : Sheep Production Committee President, Dean H.Barton, Mac- A.A.MacMillan, Chairman, donald College.A E.MacLa in \u2019 Vice-Presidents, Prof.Trueman, A.tu.Maclaurin, Truro, N.S., and S.J.Chagnon, X.N.Rodrigue, Quebec L.E.O Neil.; Directors : A.W.Peterson, for the Swine Production Committee Maritimes; J.C.Steckley for Ontario; G.B.Rothwell, Chairman, Prof.Toupin, for Quebec; Sect-Treas, A.W.Peterson, L.C.McOuat, Ottawa.GREEN T A 2801 CLASSIFICATION of STALLIONS for the YEAR 1928 ; Chambly.J.Massicotte, Owner.Horse.Class.0.Lemire, .Ry St-Adelphe.Pit, Crossbred.3 ; St-Barthélemi.Crack, Belgian.1 A.Ménard, C.E.Boutet, Argenteuil.J.-C.Robillard, St-Basile-le- Ste-Thècle.Boy, Crossbred.3 E.Lenay St-Cuthbert.Marwell, Percheron.1 Grand.Farmer Boy, Clyde.1 Brownsburg.Barney, Crossbred.3 Champlain.-Charlevoix.A.St-Jacques, Bonaventure.\u2014\u2014\u2014 \u2014 Lachute, r.r.2.Sirius, Percheron.2 ve L.Chouinard, C.Idola .Allard, W.Jas.Pollock, E.Lawrence, La Croche.Michel du Baie St-Paul.Pit, Crossbred.3 Mille Isles.Hiawatha, Percheron.1 Port-Daniel C.R.Canadian.1 A.Tremblay, T.A.McAdams, Centre.Eugene, Canadian.2 H.B.Francoeur, St-Hilarion.Jacques du St-And:ew-East.Pinebank J.-E.Lévesque, Proulxville.Teddy, Crossbred.3 C.R.,, Canadian.1 Britain, Clyde.1 Paspébiac.Forbes M.Héroux, F.Simard, G.E.Arnold, Johnson Standardbred 1 St-Maurice.Brillant, Percheron.1 Ste-Agnes.Ben, Crossbred.3 ; Grenville.Clairion, Belgian.1 3 G.E.Arnold, mo) 5 Grenv/lle.Star, Percheron.1 4 Gi.E.Arnold, 4 Grenv.lle.Len-S IL Percheron, 1 3 G.E.Arnold, 4 Grenv lle.Theodore, Percheron.1 = G.E.Arnold, j Grenville.Colonel jr.lercheron.2 3 G.E.Arnold, 5 Grenville.Papineau, Percheron.2 A G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Mage, Belgian.2 S | \u201cGi.K.Arnold, T | RE Grenville.Bonaparte, Belgian.2 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Don, Belgian.1 pi G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Maplewood Lagos II, Percheron.1 peed | G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Jasabo, Percheron.1 G.E.Arnold, Grenville.Leo Magnis 11, Percheron.1 G.E.Arnold, = Grenville.Bridgebank ; 3 Max, Clyde.1 Ix G.KE.Arnold, 3 Grenville.Auchineden, Clyde.1 # G.FE.Arnold, 3 Grenville.Sir Charming, Clyde.1 ; G.KE.Arnold, 3 Grenville.General ; Baldwin,Standardbred 1 J.Lacasse, Brownsburg.A.I, Crossbred.3 ATER all, you are mainly interested in buying tires where you can get 3 dre, Dude Percheron.2 the most value.And you\u2019re likely to get the most value from a dealer 3 el., * * .+ .3 Arthabask who has a reputation to maintain right in your home community.3 rthabaska.3 | Marcotte That's the kind of man the Goodyear Selected Dealer is.His future depends pe St-Norbert.Le Bijou, Canadian.1 on the value and service he gives you and his other friends.J.Fleurie, .Arthabaska.Brompton Lad, Belgian.1 That's why he concentrates on Goodyear Tires\u2014because he knows they T.Dugré, represent the world\u2019s greatest value.That's why he carries a stock of tires Victoriaville.Brompton Bab, Belgian, 1 : right in town for you\u2014so he can give you your choice of size, tread and B .x CERTES price.That\u2019s why his knowledge of tires is always available to save you a A.Charpentier.# East Broughton.Dick, Crosshred.3 money and trouble.f Beauharnois.The Goodyear Selected Dealer is worth knowing\u2014worth doing business i CT with.And there\u2019s at least one of them in every town in Canada big enough St-Etienne.Prince Royal, Clyde.1 to support a good dealer.C.Turner, St-Etienne.Captain Jutland.Clyde.1 .' Bellechasse All Goodyear Tires are built of SUPERTWIST Cords\u201461% more E.Bolduc, stretch and life than old-style cords.Ladurantaye.Médéric du C.R., Canadian.1 0.Laliberts, St-Raphael.Joo Forbes, Standardbred 2 Goodyear means Good Wear A A.Chabot, St-Magloire.Carsonby Chif, Clyde.1 | N.Boucher, St-Philémon.Baron, Canadian.1 Berthier.i A.Lavallée, Berthierville.Bill, Crossbred.3 O.Lavallée, Berthier.Bijou, Crossbred.3 .N.Bouchard, Ste-Agnés.Frank, Chateauguay.J.R.Meikele, Ormstown.Compton, H.Jeanneau, Ste-Martine Jack, H.Jeanneau, Ste-Martine Zombrino, Compton.E.M.Morrison, Budy.Lord Merson, A.Sénéeal, La Patrie.Jéricho II, J.Bernard, Cookshire.Louis du C.R.THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Crossbred.3 Crossbred.3 Crossbred.3 Crossbred.3 Percheron.1 Percheron.1 , Canadian.1 Deux-Montagnes.A.St-Jacques, St-Jos.-du-lac.Pit, T.Labrèche, St-Augustin.Castor, Dorchester.J.Murphy, St-Bernard.Pier Peter, C.Boutin, .Ste-Claire.Pierrot, Drummond.W.Watkins, St-Germain- Grantham.Jepthe P., J.St-Martin, St-Germain.Prince, H.Houle, St-Germain.Dan, Frontenac.C.Blais, Lac Mégantic.Pascal, P.Bergeron, Winslow-sud.Diamond, Crossbred.3 Crossbred.3 Standardbred 1 Canadian.L Percheren.1 Crossbred.3 Crossbred.3 Percheron.1 Crossbred.3 Lynn, Mass., U.S.A.and A Friend to Women Lydia B.Pinkham's Yegetable Compound LYDIA E.PINKHAM MEDICINE CO, obourg, Ont., Canada.TULIPS, American friends.HYACINTHS, LILIES, PEONIES, etc.Catalogue and booklet on bulb growing on request, also U.S.edition for your IMPORT YOUR DUTCH BULBS DIRECT NARCISSI, Hundreds of placed customers in Quebec and the Maritimes.8.B.McCREADY, 430-U Brunswick Ave, Toronto 4 FOR SALE FARM PROPERTY At St.Leonard De Port Maurice on the Island of Montreal, within two miles of the City.Farm comprises 113 arpents of which 90 arpents can be cultivated.The buildings consist of stone house with sheds, stable, wagon shed.two small buildings and barn.The farm has been well maintained and is in a good state of cultivation.THE ROYAL TRUST COMPANY Real Estate Sales Dept.105 St.James Street, HArbour 4221.Montreal Members Montreal Real Estate Board.M.Thompson, J.Fournier, J.Deguise, Ile St-Regis.Prince, Crossbred.3 J.H.Sénécal, St-Laurent.Prince, Crossbred.3 Lac St-Jean.Dundee.Ideen 2nd, Percheron.2 Beaconsfield et G.Trembla y P.Campbell, E.Théorêt, fil, Huntingdon.Lincluden, Clyde.1 Ile Bizard.Hal Bingen, Standardbred1 Métabetchouan.Bijou du lac, Percheron.J.Cuddihy, E.Gagnon, Kinsmon : Métabetchouan.Justice, Percheron.Ib a Cote de Liesse .Dervrr'e.Dorval.Pittson, Thorough- F.Fortin, R.Brais bred.1 Normandin.Doc, Crossbred.St-Alexandre.Pit, Crossbred.3 Lin P.Roy, \u2018 even te.A .Henryville.Joanathan, Percheron.2 Joliette Péribonca.Constant, Percheron L.Lamoureux, A.Mireault, Henryville.Biresco, Percheron.1 Joliette.Somers, Standardbred 1 (To be continued) 15 Hull.Jacques-Cartier.Labelle.W.M.Fields, W.H.Beaman, N.Venne, Brennan Hill.Kieve, Percheron.2 Cote de Liesse, Mont-Laurier.Pit.Crossbred.3 J.Munree, Dorval.Klinburn, Thorough- S.Watts, Maniwaki.Gouin, Canadian.2 bred.1 Ferme-Neuve.Sir Joseph, Percheron.1 W.H.Beaman, T.Nadon, .Cote de Liesse, Ferme-Neuve.Guy Alway, Standardbred1 Huntingdon.Dorval.Prince Royal, Clyde.2 1 3 Oil facts for farmers (No.4) Six hard jobs that point thewaytoneweconomy Lindbergh has flown the \u201cSpirit of St.Louis\u201d over 40,000 miles\u2014with Mobiloil.Byrd flew to the North Pole\u2014with Mobiloil.The Citroen cars, first to cross the Sahara Desert\u2014used Mobiloil.28 of the 30 contractors working on New York\u2019s new $95,000,000 subway used Mobiloil or other Vacuum oil products.The Leviathan and the Majestic, two of the largest liners afloat, and the Mauretania, the fastest, use Gargoyle Marine oils, sister products to Gargoyle Mobiloil.When builders demonstrate their fire-fight- ing equipment, nine times out of ten Mobil- oil is used.Saves You Money There is but one reason why Mobiloil is selected time and time again for the hardest lubrication work\u2014 quality.\u2018This quality has made Mobiloil the most- asked-for oil among farmers today.It is very common for farmers to find that Mobiloil shows reduced oil consumption of from 10% to 50%.Other savings come from fewer repairs, less time lost through over-heating and breakdowns ; more mileage between carbon removals and all-round general improvement in engine operation.How to Buy For a season\u2019s supply we recommend the 55 gallon and 30 gallon drums with convenient faucet.On these large drums your Mobiloil dealer will give you a subflantial discount.Other Mobiloil containers are: 10 gallon steel drums with faucet, 5 gallon cans in easy tipping racks and 1 gallon and 1 quart cans.Your dealer has the complete Mobiloil Chart which recommends the correct grade of Mobiloil for your car, tractor and truck.You are always sure with The Worlds Quality Oil Mobiloil 1 Make this chart your guide If your car is not listed below see the complete Mobiloil Chart at your dealer\u2019s, It recommends the correct grades for all cars, trucks and tractors, etc.1928 1927 1926 1925 NAMES OF Engine Engine Engine Engine PASSENGER 115 1215 .© v v v cars ÉTÉJÉTÉJÉjÉIÉTE 212 |12|=]|2!=]à2 12 Buick .| À \u2018Arc.| A [Are] À lArc.| À l'Arc.Cadillac.| BB | Arc.BB Arc.| BB i Arc.| À ! Arc Chandler Spec.6-cyl| A Arc.j A À |.\u20264-s ja qee \" other modeld À Arc.| A [Arc] A |Arc.| À \u2018Arc.Chevrolet .| A Are.| A |Arc.| À {Arc.| À tArc.Chrysler 4cyl.A Arc.| À |Arc.| A {Arc.| À Are \u201c Imp.80.| BB iArc.| À j A À A Je other model) À Arc} A | A] A A A A Dodge Bros.| À |Arc.| À ,Arc.| À \u2018Arc.| A Arc Durant.A